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Copyright notice: Copying of the book or its parts for resale is prohibited. Additional restrictions may be set by the publisher. Teacher Toolbook BZ-4117 Imaginative hands-on U.S. History lessons designed for individual students, cooperative groups, and whole-class learning.
Copyright © 2002 Performance Education www.performance-education.com
Updated January 2011. There are 79 lessons. There are 559 questions on the test.
Table of Contents
Introduction page 18 Lesson #1 Lecture Once upon a time . . . Lesson #2 Lecture What was the American Revolution? Lesson #3 Graphic organizer The American Revolution
1. The Causes page 22 Lesson #4 Graphic organizer The four causes of the American Revolution Lesson #5 Lecture What was salutary neglect? What was mercantilism? Lesson #6 Timeline The French & Indian War - Causes & Results Lesson #7 Timeline The Proclamation of 1763 - Causes & Results Lesson #8 Document The Proclamation of 1763 Lesson #9 Timeline The Sugar Act, 1764 Lesson #10 Document The Sugar Act, 1764 Lesson #11 Timeline Currency Act, 1764, Quartering Act, 1765, Stamp Act, 1765 Lesson #12 Document The Stamp Act, 1765 Lesson #13 Document The Stamp Act Congress, 1765 Lesson #14 Document The Virginia Resolves, 1765 Lesson #15 Document The Declaratory Act, 1766 Lesson #16 Timeline The Townshend Acts, 1767 Lesson #17 Document The Townshend Acts, 1767 Lesson #18 Document Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania, 1767 (by John Dickinson) Lesson #19 Timeline The Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party, 1773 Lesson #20 Timeline The Intolerable Acts, 1774 Lesson #21 Document The Intolerable Acts, 1774 Lesson #22 Document The First Continental Congress, 1774 Lesson #23 Document Patrick Henry: “Give me liberty, or give me death!” Lesson #24 Timeline Concord & Lexington Lesson #25 Timeline The Second Continental Congress, 1775 Lesson #26 Document The Declaration of Rebellion, 1775 Lesson #27 Document Common Sense, 1776 (pamphlet by Tom Paine) Lesson #28 Document Resolution for Independence, 1776 (Richard Henry Lee) Lesson #29 Game “The Chronology Game” - put the events into chronological order Lesson #30 Internet Interpret 8 famous cartoons about the American Revolution. Lesson #31 Group analysis What if your school were run the way the British . . . Lesson #32 Game Top Ten reasons why the colonists broke away from England Lesson #33 Student projects Students teach the class Lesson #34 Game What caused the American Revolution? Lesson #35 Game What caused the American Revolution?” (recall terms) Lesson #36 Game Can you talk like a patriot? (define terms) 2. The Declaration of Independence page 74 Lesson #37 Lecture John Locke’s theories: Natural Rights and the Social Contract Lesson #38 Chart John Locke’s theories: Reappear in the Declaration of Independence Lesson #39 Document The Declaration of Independence is a set of ideals Lesson #40 Game The Bell Game: “Name that Ideal!” Lesson #41 Lecture “We hold these truths to be self-evident . . .” Lesson #42 Group analysis Where did these truths come from? Lesson #43 Group analysis “Life is like a rock group”: Lesson #44 Lecture How the Declaration and Revolution inspired the world. Lesson #45 Game “The ABCs of the Declaration of Independence” (recall terms) Lesson #46 Game “Can you talk about the Enlightenment?” (define terms) Lesson #47 Student projects “Students teach the class!”
3. The Revolutionary War page 87 Lesson #48 Graphic organizer Seven Stages Lesson #49 Game Strengths & Weakness: The balance of forces Lesson #50 Chart David vs Goliath Lesson #51 Mapping Famous battles Lesson #52 Game Famous battles Lesson #53 Internet w/ maps Famous battles Lesson #54 Game Name that Battle! Lesson #55 Graphic organizer The Revolutionary War Lesson #56 Game The Revolutionary War Lesson #57 Group analysis What would YOU have done? Lesson #58 Game The ABCs of the Revolutionary War (recall terms) Lesson #59 Game Three Battles - the first, the last, and the turning point Lesson #60 Research Why was there a battle on this spot? Lesson #61 Game Game for the great outdoors! Lesson #62 Student projects Students teach the class Lesson #63 Game Can you speak like a patriot? (define terms)
4. The Leaders page 116 Lesson #64 Game Who am I? Lesson #65 Game Women of the Revolutionary War Lesson #66 Game Women of the Revolutionary War Lesson #67 Document “Remember the Ladies” by Abigail Adams Lesson #68 Quotations Great Quotations Lesson #69 Film “The Patriot” Lesson #70 Graphic organizer Francis Marion (“the Swampfox”) and Banastre Tarleton Lesson #71 Writing activity Expressive Essay: I am George Washington Lesson #72 Writing activity Narrative Essay: I am George Washington Lesson #73 Writing activity Informative Essay: I am George Washington Lesson #74 Writing activity Persuasive Essay: I am George Washington Lesson #75 Student projects “Students teach the class!”
page 16 5. The Results page 142 Lesson #76 Graphic organizer Results of the American Revolution Lesson #77 Game The ABCs of the American Revolution (recall terms) Lesson #78 Game Can you speak of victory? (define terms) Lesson #79 Debate How great was the American Revolution?
The Test page 147 The tests consists of 559 questions.
The Answer Key page 238
page 17 Lecture Lesson #2
What was the American Revolution? As you tell the story, students fill in the graphic organizer.
When The Revolution took place in the hearts and minds of people long before 1776.
The Revolutionary War officially began at the Battle of Concord & Lexington in 1775. It ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
Where In the Thirteen Colonies.
What It was a war for independence.
Why The Americans wanted self-determination - that is, the right to govern themselves.
Who The leaders of the American Revolution are known as the Founding Fathers or founding generation. The leaders included everyone from George Washington to Thomas Jefferson.
How The decision to declare independence came at the Second Continental Congress in 1776. The Declaration of Independence outlined a set of political and social ideals.
Since the British government rejected American independence, the Americans had to fight for it. The Revolutionary War was a long, bloody war from 1775 to 1781. The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783.
page 20 Lesson #3 Graphic organizer
The American Revolution: Who, what, where, when, why and how?
When
Where
How
The American Who Revolution
What Why
page 21 1. The Causes
page 22 Lesson #4: Graphic organizer
The Causes
In 1763, the British suddenly changed policy. After years of ignoring the American colonies, the British suddenly cracked down. For a dozen years (1763-1775), the British provoked the Americans. By 1775, the Americans had a LONG list of grievances. What were they?
Four Causes
1. 2. The 3. Taxation 4. Economy Westward British Movement Army
The Proclamation of The Quartering Act and The new taxes were The Intolerable Acts 1763 provoked the the Boston Massacre very small, so why did provoked the Americans. Why? provoked the the Americans protest? Americans. Why? Americans. Why? ______
page 23 Lesson #5: Lecture
What was salutary neglect? Before 1763, the American colonists were quite happy with their situation.
Salutary neglect politics Before 1763, the British allowed the colonies to govern themselves.
The British did not enforce their laws in America Why? 1. Distance 2. England was embroiled in European wars 3. Royal governors in the colonies were supposed to enforce the law Instead, colonial legislatures became powerful. (They paid the salary of the royal governor.) After the French & Indian War, the British decided the policy of “salutary neglect” was a big mistake.
Power of the purse Before 1763, colonial legislatures had the sole right to raise taxes. After 1763, Parliament in London began raising taxes on the American colonies.
Mercantilism economics It was an economic system in the British empire. The sole purpose of the colonies was to enrich the economy of England.
The lack of free trade When it came to trade, the British Parliament told Americans what they could and could not do. The British were in the middle of their Industrial Revolution: They needed raw materials to feed their factories, plus they needed markets to buy their finished goods.
How the colonists helped the British 1. Americans must export raw materials to England. 2. The Americans must import manufactured goods from England.
The Navigation Acts, 1650s The Navigation Acts were an example of England’s mercantilist policies. Parliament regulated American trade: The colonies could only trade with England. If the colonies wanted to trade with other countries, goods had to be shipped on British ships and merchants had to pay a tax to the British. Its purpose was to guarantee that only the British would profit from trade with the colonies.
On the upside The Navigation Acts encouraged colonial shipbuilding. They provided the American colonists with a sure market for their goods. Thanks to the policy of salutary neglect, the British never really enforced these laws.
On the down side Trade regulations angered American merchants. When merchants violated British law, they were arrested as “smugglers.” To avoid this, American merchants bribed British officials. page 24 Lesson #6: Lecture
The French & Indian War, 1754-1763
Cause Who would control North America? Several European countries had colonies in North America. England controlled the thirteen colonies that lay east of the Appalachian Mountains. France controlled Canada, plus French fur trappers traveled west of the Appalachians.
Change The French and the British clashed in North America In America, the war was called the French & Indian War. In Europe, it was called the Seven Years’ War.
The Ohio Valley The war began west of the Appalachians - near Pittsburgh in western Pennsylvania. The French claimed the region. For a decade, American settlers had been moving into the region. George Washington had moved into the region - to survey the land and take it over! The Virginians regarded this region as part of Virginia! They received land grants from the British government, moved into the region, and clashed with the French and their Native American allies.
Native Americans They sided with the French because they were fur trappers, not settlers. (The British were settlers; they evicted Native Americans from the land.) The Iroquois sided with the French. The French built a line of forts west of the Appalachians. They ran like this: Quebec, Montreal, the Great Lakes, and the Ohio Valley.
The Albany Plan of Union, 1754 A step toward colonial unity In the middle of the war, Benjamin Franklin called a meeting in Albany, New York. It was the first attempt at uniting the thirteen colonies under one government. He drew a cartoon with a snake chopped up in pieces entitled, “Unite or Die.” The plan failed: The 13 colonies were not ready to unite under one central government. (They did not unite until the First Continental Congress in 1775.)
page 25 Impact Treaty of Paris, 1763 The peace treaty that officially ended the French and Indian War. 1. England took over Canada. 2. England took everything east of the Mississippi River.
The end of “Salutary Neglect” During the war, Parliament decided that neglecting the colonies was an unwise policy. When the war ended, the British decided to clamp down on the thirteen colonies.
The National Debt The British emerged from this war with a giant national debt. To pay it off, Parliament decided to tax the thirteen colonies. In response, the colonies protested that this was “taxation without representation.” Two years after the war ended, the American colonists were protesting the new British policy.
What the American colonists learned during the war The British were not invincible! (They almost lost the French & Indian War.) George Washington and others gained valuable military experience by fighting alongside of the British.
page 26 Lesson #7: Lecture Use it as a lecture, then turn it into a timeline for the classroom wall. Great map! http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/images/usa2.gif
Proclamation of 1763
After the French & Indian War, the British decided the policy of “salutary neglect” was a big mistake.
Cause Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763 Pontiac led a powerful coalition of Indian nations against the British in the Great Lakes. In London, Parliament decided it did not want any more expensive wars between the settlers and Indians. As a result, Parliament decided to keep the two groups separate.
Change Proclamation Line of 1763 Parliament prohibited American settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British wanted to: 1. reduce the cost of protecting American settlers 2. control the colonists 3. reap the profits from the fur trade and land speculation
A power struggle In 1763, Parliament began passing laws that denied American colonists their traditional rights. What was Parliament? That building in London with Big Ben. The government of England - and all the colonies of the British Empire.
Military occupation The British stationed 5,000 troops in the new western lands. This was the beginning of the British occupation of America.
Impact The end of “salutary neglect” Parliament suddenly became quite interested in American affairs.
Who’s Angry? Settlers on the frontier! Later, during the Revolutionary War, folks wondered why the British were defeated at King’s Mountain on the border of the Carolinas. Because folks on the frontier in the Carolinas hated the Proclamation of 1763. Like most folks on the frontier, they had long memories.
Resistance Ignored the law The American colonists ignored the law and moved onto the frontier. This shocked Virginians like George Washington, who had fought for that territory.
page 27 Lesson #8: Document
Proclamation of 1763
I. The British Empire has acquired new territory Translate it into your own words . . .
Whereas we have taken into our royal consideration the extensive We (the British) won a lot of and valuable acquisitions in America, secured to our crown by the late defini- territory in the French & tive treaty of peace concluded at Paris the 10th day of February last; and Indian War. being desirous that all our loving subjects, as well of our kingdoms as of our colonies in America, may avail themselves, with all convenient speed, of the great benefits and advantages which must accrue therefrom to their com- merce, manufactures, and navigation; we have thought fit, with the advice of our privy council, to issue this our royal proclamation, hereby to publish and declare to all our loving subjects, that we have, with the advice of our said privy council, granted our letters patent under our great seal of Great Britain, to erect within the countries and islands, ceded and confirmed to us by the said treaty, four distinct and separate governments, stiled and called by the names of Quebec, East Florida, West Florida, and Grenada. We have also, with the advice of our privy council aforesaid, annexed to our province of Georgia, all the lands lying between the rivers Attamaha and St. Mary's.
II. The British will rule these lands All residents of the new terri- And whereas it will greatly contribute to the speedy settling our said tory will now be covered by new governments, that our loving subjects should be informed of our paternal British law. care for the security of the liberties and properties of those who are, and shall become inhabitants thereof; we have thought fit to publish and declare, by this our proclamation, that we have, in the letters patent under our great seal of Great Britain, by which the said governments are constituted, given express power and direction to our governors of our said colonies respective- ly, that so soon as the state and circumstances of the said colonies will admit thereof, they shall, with the advice and consent of the members of our coun- cil, summon and call general assemblies within the said governments respec- tively, in such manner and form as is used and directed in those colonies and provinces in America, which are under our immediate government; and we have also given power to the said governors, with the consent of our said councils, and the representatives of the people, so to be summoned as afore- said, to make, constitute, and ordain laws, statutes, and ordinances for the public peace, welfare, and good government of our said colonies, and of the people and inhabitants thereof, as near as may be, agreeable to the laws of England, and under such regulations and restrictions as are used in other colonies; and in the mean time, and until such assemblies can be called as aforesaid, all persons inhabiting in, or resorting to, our said colonies, may confide in our royal protection for the enjoyment of the benefit of the laws of our realm of England; for which purpose we have given power under our great seal to the governors of our said colonies respectively, to erect and constitute, with the advice of our said councils and respectively, courts of judi- cature and public justice within our said colonies, for the hearing and deter- mining all causes, as well criminal as civil, according to law and equity, and, as near as may be, agreeable to the laws of England, with liberty to all per- sons who may think themselves aggrieved by the sentence of such courts, in all civil cases, to appeal, under the usual limitations and restrictions, to us, in our privy council. III. The British reserve the lands for the Indians
And whereas it is just and reasonable, and essential to our interest, and the security of our colonies, that the several nations of tribes of Indians, with whom we are connected, and who live under our protection, should not be molested or disturbed in the possession of such parts of our dominions and territories as, not having been ceded to, or purchased by us, are reserved to them, or any of them, as their hunting grounds; we do therefore, with the advice of our privy council, declare it to be our royal will and plea- sure, that no governor, or commander in chief, in any of our colonies of Quebec, East Florida, or West Florida, do presume, upon any pretence what- ever, to grant warrants of survey, or pass any patents for lands beyond the bounds of their respective governments, as described in their commissions; People in the thirteen colonies cannot move onto as also that no governor or commander in chief of our other colonies or the lands west of the plantations in America, do presume for the present, and until our further Appalachians. pleasure be known, to grant warrant of survey, or pass patents for any lands beyond the heads or sources of any of the rivers which fall into the The rivers east of the Appalachians flow into the Atlantic Ocean from the west or north west; or upon any lands whatever, Atlantic Ocean. That region which not having been ceded to, or purchased by us, as aforesaid, are comprises the thirteen reserved to the said Indians, or any of them. And we do further declare it to colonies. be our royal will and pleasure for the present, as aforesaid, to reserve under The rivers west of the our sovereignty, protection and dominion, for the use of the said Indians, all Appalachians flow into the the land and territories not included within the limits of our said three new Mississippi River. Settlers governments, or within the limits of the territory granted to the Hudson's Bay from the thirteen colonies company; as also all the land and territories lying to the westward of the may not move there. sources of the rivers which fall into the sea from the west and north-west as The British do not want any aforesaid; and we do hereby strictly forbid, on pain of our displeasure, more conflicts between all our loving subjects from making any purchases or settlements what- Native Americans and the ever, or taking possession of any of the lands above reserved, without colonists. our especial leave and licence for that purpose first obtained. And we do fur- ther strictly enjoin and require all persons whatever, who have either wilfully or inadvertently seated themselves upon any lands within the countries above described, or upon any other lands, which not having been ceded to, or purchased by us, are still reserved to the said Indians as aforesaid, forth- with to remove themselves from such settlements.
page 29 Lesson #9: Lecture Use it as a lecture, then turn it into a timeline for the classroom wall.
The Sugar Act, 1764
Cause A tax on sugar The British decided to tax sugar. American merchants had been smuggling sugar for years.
Change The power to tax Until then, only the colonial legislatures had the power to raise taxes. The Americans always believed the British had the right to regulate trade. The Americans did not believe Parliament had the right to levy taxes.
Lord Grenville He was in charge of finances for the British empire. The British wanted money to pay down their national debt.
The Vice-Admiralty courts Why did the British establish special courts to hear smuggling cases? Because Americans sympathized with smugglers: American witnesses would never testify against American merchants. American juries would not convict American merchants.
Impact “Taxation without representation” Only the colonial legislatures can tax the American colonists. Since the Americans did not elect representatives to Parliament, Parliament could not tax them. (If Parliament could tax Americans, then their colonial legislatures were meaningless.)
Who’s Angry? Merchants like John Hancock! Later, he helps Sam Adams organize the Sons of Liberty who led the Boston Tea Party. He was a signer of the Declaration of Independence.
Resistance Ignored the law Merchants continued to ignore the law.
page 30