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Teacher's Guide Got Grievances? Step by Step Teacher’s Guide Got Grievances? Time Needed: 2 class periods Objectives: Students will be able to... Materials: • Identify key causes resulting in the Declaration • Student Handouts of Independence and the Revolutionary War • Scissors • Describe the colonies’ grievances with Britain • Visual Analysis Activity (optional) • Explain the effects of British economic and • Projector political policies on the colonies • Explain social factors that influenced the writing Handouts: of the Declaration of Independence • Reading (4 pages; class set) • Analyze ideals found in the Declaration of • Activities (4 pages; class set) Independence • In Their Own Words Cards (1 page; class set) • Primary Source Analysis (2 pages; class set) Step by Step ANTICIPATE by asking students to share an example of a grievance. If students are unsure what the word means, give an example sentence (i.e. When Shawn met with the manager, he explained each of his grievances and asked to be compensated for the poor service he received.) Clarify: a grievance is a complaint or a wrong. ASK students: Should a grievance always be addressed? Why? In what way? TELL students that they will learn about some of the grievances colonists had with Britain leading up to the Revolutionary War. DISTRIBUTE the reading to the class. Read the reading pages with the class, pausing to discuss as needed. CHECK for understanding by asking: What were the colonists’ grievances? How were they addressed? DISTRIBUTE the activities to the class. Allow time for students to complete each activity. DISTRIBUTE one In Their Own Words sheet to each student or to groups of two or three. Tell students that the colonists had many more grievances. Have students cut and match the cards. Ask: What do you notice about how the grievances are written? Extend the activity by asking students to discuss if each grievance was a violation of a natural or an English right. COMPLETE the Visual Analysis activity if you wish. Directions are included with the activity. DISTRIBUTE the Wait... What Does That Say? primary source activity to the class. Tell students that the Declaration of Independence includes the principles that justified the colonists’ fight for independence. Tell students that these ideals stood in direct contrast to a common practice of the time: slavery. ALLOW time for students to complete the reading and activity. You may wish to read and discuss the text dependent questions together. REFLECT with students. Share that an early draft of the Declaration included a grievance attacking King George for the practice of slavery in the colonies. This passage was removed. Ask students why they think this may be. Ask if there are political grievances people have today and if/how they see them addressed. © 2019 iCivics, Inc. You may copy, distribute, or transmit this work for noncommercial purposes only. This copyright notice or a legally valid equivalent such as “© 2019 iCivics Inc.” shall be included in all such copies, distributions or transmittals. All other rights reserved. Find this lesson and other materials at www.iCivics.org. Got Grievances? Name: Ah, Freedom… Imagine having the freedom to make your own decisions all the time. Your parents don’t ask you anything, not what you’re doing, or even where you’re going. It’s great! After a time, you really get used to the lack of supervision. Now, suppose this all comes to an abrupt end. For some reason, they’ve decided that you now have to get permission to go anywhere or do anything. You might try to explain that you’re mature enough to handle the freedom—after all, you were doing so well. And if after all your explaining, they don’t ease up, you’ll probably be pretty angry about having to go back to such a tight parental watch. Just like you’d be annoyed with a strict tightening of rules after a long period (of what seems like endless) freedom, by 1776, so Mercantilism were British colonists living in America. Britain had followed Even though an “unofficial” policy calledsalutary neglect when it came Britain largely to managing the colonies in the past, which meant that they neglected colonial pretty much left the colonies to themselves. Parliament, Britain’s affairs, products legislature, didn’t worry about making colonial laws. Instead, manufactured in the they let the colonies govern themselves. Britain was so far away colonies, like rice and tobacco, provided that unless the colonies were really getting into trouble, it was a way for Britain to build their wealth. just easier to leave them alone. And as long as the colonies Early regulations like the Navigation were making money, colonists bought British goods which meant Acts gave Britain the power to that British merchants made money that they put right back into regulate colonial trade. This building the country’s wealth. As far as Britain was concerned, economic system was there really was no reason to mess with a good thing. called mercantilism. But Not for Long War Debts Eventually, Britain stopped turning a blind eye. For nine years, from 1754-1763, Britain paid a large amount of money to keep the colonies safe and happy by fighting a war with France over control of the land in the Ohio River valley. After the French and Indian War, salutary neglect wasn’t economically advantageous anymore. The colonies had become an expensive drain. There were war debts to be paid. So, like it or not, things were about to change. Mother May I? ...As If! Just like the teenager whose parents suddenly lay down the law, the Founders of our country found themselves upset. Their mother country had tightened the reins and PAMPHLETS! began taxing the colonists’ goods to help recover the Much like a viral post, paper pamphlets funds they’d lost during the war. The colonies rebelled. were the social media of the 1700s. The British punished the colonies for their rebellion, They spread ideas and information to and the colonies called the punishment unfair. By 1776, Thomas Paine declared in his best-selling pamphlet every day citizens. Common Sense is Common Sense that England was not even a mother, but credited with uniting colonists around a cruel monster. He said that the colonies had a natural the idea of American independence. right to their own government since men are born equal and one man cannot claim to have a God-given right to rule any of the others. It was time for colonies to claim their freedom. That same year, the colonies declared independence. © 2019 iCivics, Inc. Reading ̶ Side A Got Grievances? Name: Let Facts be Submitted... He Has Wronged Us! The colonists were a year into war with Great Britain when the Second Continental Congress met to formally adopt the Declaration Archives National Source: of Independence in 1776. This document officially stated that the 13 colonies were cutting ties with Great Britain and the King. (No more parental rule!) One by one, they listed every single grievance they had with their mother country’s most recent rule. The complaints were long. They said that the King was interfering with their law making ability, taxing them without their consent, and had forced them to make room for British soldiers in their colonies! Just Who’s In Charge? Thousands of miles of land and sea and policies like salutary This print of the Declaration of neglect had left the colonists relatively free to govern their own Independence lists 27 grievances way. But after the French and Indian War, the colonies and Britain the colonists had with the King. found themselves in a power struggle. Much like Parliament, colonial legislatures made laws necessary to keep things orderly and running smoothly. But, unlike Parliament, the colonies had established systems of government where officials who were elected to make laws directly represented the needs of the people who elected them. In Britain, members of Parliament virtually represented all British citizens, not just the ones who lived where they did. The idea was that Parliament’s members had the wisdom to know how to make laws that took everyone’s interests into account. Sounds great, right? Just imagine someone from a place that knows nothing about your life making all the rules. The problem was that up until now Parliament hadn’t really been “virtually” representing the colonists. They had been successfully governing themselves. So which of these governments had the true authority and right to tax? No Stamps, No Tax! In 1765, Parliament introduced the Stamp Act, a new tax that required a stamp for all printed items including newspapers, legal documents, and even playing cards. Colonists were angry that the tax was being imposed without the consent of their colonial legislatures. They feared this would set a precedent of “taxation without representation”. Parliament was confused. There was a need for money, and to raise it they had no choice but to levy taxes on all British subjects, including those in the colonies. This logic did little to win over the colonists who had been in charge of setting their own taxes for so long. English governing documents, Source: National Archives National Source: like the Magna Carta, had long established the rights of British citizens. They couldn’t just be taxed without in some way having their say. By October 1765, the colonies decided to organize and sent representatives to a meeting in New York City that became known as the Stamp Act The Stamp Act Congress Congress. They met to discuss the colonists’ rights as British subjects, approved this Declaration of declaring that only their colonial legislatures had the power to tax them. Rights and Grievances. It said taxes could only be imposed They elected no representative to Parliament, and therefore had not by colonial legislatures.
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