DOCSLIB.ORG

Digestive System PDF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Digestive System PDF Digestive System 1. General organization of the internal organs 2. Digestive system – overview 3. Anterior digestive tract 4. Gastrointestinal tract 5. Rectoanal region 6. Hepatobiliary system 7. Peritoneum SPLANCHNOLOGY Internal organs of human body Internal organs – viscera (splanchna): organs of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems located primarily in the thoracic and abdominal cavities functions – organs of vegetative state (vegetative organs) metabolism reproduction structural and functional differentiation hollow organs (tube or pouch) or parenchymal organs Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 2 SPLANCHNOLOGY Internal organs Digestive system: from cranial to caudal end of the body, mostly in the abdominal cavity Respiratory system: mainly in the thoracic cavity Urogenital system: lower part of the abdominal cavity and in the pelvis Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 3 SPLANCHNOLOGY Tissue structure of the internal organs Main tissues: epithelial tissue – functionally distinct tissue smooth muscle tissue connective tissue: loose connective tissue dense connective tissue reticular tissue cartilage tissue nervous tissue: nerve cells (neurons) autonomic nerves sensory receptors Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 4 SPLANCHNOLOGY General structure of hollow organs mucosa, tunica mucosa: lamina epithelialis – covering epithelium lamina propria – loose connective tissue blood and lymph vessels lymph follicles (MALT, GALT, BALT) elastic fibers, nerves and nerve structures mucosal glands – in stomach and gut lamina muscularis mucosae – smooth muscle (membrana elastica) tela submucosa blood vessels submucosal plexus (plexus of Meissner) glands – in esophagus and duodenum tunica muscularis inner circular layer myenteric plexus (plexus of Auerbach) outer longitudinal layer tunica serosa (adventitia) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 5 SPLANCHNOLOGY General structure of parenchymal organs Parenchyma vs. Stroma Solid organs, organa solida: epithelial tissue – parenchyma connective tissue – stroma blood and lymph vessels nerve structures Structure principle: structural units lobules, segments, lobes fibrous capsule adventitia or serosa Main functions: secretion and excretion gas exchange formation of sex cells Representatives: liver, pancreas kidney, spleen ovary, glands Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 6 SPLANCHNOLOGY Digestive system Digestion: mechanical breakdown of food chemical breakdown – enzymes traveling down of the bolus (peristalsis) absorption of the chyme elimination of waste material (defecation) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 7 SPLANCHNOLOGY Digestive system Digestive system, systema digestorium, apparatus digestorius: alimentary canal – length 9 m mouth anus accessory digestive glands: salivary glands liver pancreas Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 8 SPLANCHNOLOGY Alimentary canal Anterior part: mouth and oral cavity throat, pharynx gullet (esophagus) Middle part – GI tract: stomach small intestine Posterior (terminal) part: large intestine, incl. rectum and anus Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 9 SPLANCHNOLOGY Oral cavity, cavitas oris Cavitas (cavum) oris Gr. stoma, stomatos: in the facial region of the head rima oris isthmus faucium Parts of the oral cavity: oral vestibule, vestibulum oris oral cavity proper, cavitas oris propria boundaries o gums and teeth o hard palate o part of the soft palate o diaphragma oris content o tongue o teeth fauces – the troat Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 10 SPLANCHNOLOGY Lips, labia oris Macroscopic anatomy: oral fissure angle of mouth labial frenulum Upper lip, labium superius Lower lip, labium inferius Structure – orbicularis oris muscle: cutaneous portion – hairy skin marginal (red) portion mucosa– stratified squamous epithelium Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 11 SPLANCHNOLOGY Cheeks, buccae Structure – two membranous walls: enclose the mouth laterally similar to lips structure skin muscle layer – buccinator muscle subcutaneous fat tissue, – buccal fat pad (Bichat) buccal mucosa Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 12 SPLANCHNOLOGY Palate Palate, palatum: separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity palatum durum palatum molle Hard (bone) palate, palatum durum (osseum) – anterior ⅔: processus palatinus maxillae lamina horizontalis ossis palatini transverse palatal ridges Soft palate, palatum molle – posterior ⅓ velum palatini with uvula pharyngopalatine arch skeletal muscle glandular tissue, no bone Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 13 SPLANCHNOLOGY Gums, gingivae Gums, gingivae: pars fixa pars libera s. marginalis Macroscopic anatomy: gingival margin gingival sulcus papilla gingivalis (interdentalis) vestibular oral Microscopic anatomy: lamina epithelialis stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium lamina propria – papillae abundant blood supply rich innervation Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 14 SPLANCHNOLOGY Teeth, dentes Teeth, dentes (Gr. odus, odontos ): mechanical breakdown (chew) of food help in phonation derivatives of oral mucosa Characteristics of human dentition: close contact between teeth heterodont – teeth differ morphologically diphyodont – two successions of teeth in a process of evolution – reduction in number Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 15 SPLANCHNOLOGY Human dentition Permanent teeth, dentes permanentes: 32 teeth into two symmetrical halves upper dental arch , arcus dentalis superior lower dental arch , arcus dentalis inferior anatomical and functional groups: incisors, dentes incisivi canine (dogteeth), dentes canini premolars, dentes premolares molars, dentes molares Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 16 SPLANCHNOLOGY Human dentition Deciduous (milk) teeth, dentes decidui: the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans 20 teeth into two symmetrical halves distinguishing features (traits): similar morphology but smaller in size slightly blue tone of enamel shorter roots wider root canals and cavity anatomical and functional groups: incisors, dentes incisivi - 2 canine teeth, dentes canini – 1 molars, dentes molares – 2 Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 17 SPLANCHNOLOGY Basic tooth structure Principal parts of a tooth: tooth crown, corona dentis – surfaces margo incisialis (incisivus) – incisors facies occlusalis (masticatoria) – premolars and molars o tuberculum dentale (cuspis dentalis) facies vestibularis (labialis, buccalis) facies lingualis facies contactus (mesialis et distalis) anatomical vs. clinical crown tooth neck, cervix dentis root, radix dentis – in dental alveolus apex radicis dentis cavity – cavitas dentis (pulparis) cavitas coronae canalis radicis dentis tooth pulp, pulpa dentis pulpa coronalis pulpa radicularis Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 18 SPLANCHNOLOGY Tongue, lingua (Gr. glossa) Parts of the tongue: body, corpus linguae apex linguae root of tongue, radix linguae divided by the sulcus terminalis Surface anatomy of the tongue: upper surface, dorsum linguae pars presulcalis (anterior, oralis) pars postsulcalis (posterior, pharyngealis) sulcus terminalis foramen cecum sulcus medianus linguae lower, facies inferior linguae plica fimbriata frenulum linguae caruncula sublingualis plica sublingualis margin of the tongue, margo linguae Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 19 SPLANCHNOLOGY Papillae of the tongue Papillae linguales – 4 distinct types: papillae filiformes (conicae) papillae fungiformes papillae vallatae papillae foliatae Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 20 SPLANCHNOLOGY Taste perception taste buds, caliculi (gemmae) gustatorii – 2000-9000: vallate papillae – most numerous, plentiful in the posterior ⅓ of tongue fungiform and foliate papillae soft palate, epiglottis and pharynx reduction in number (up to ⅓) with age our sense of taste can and do change over time! Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 21 SPLANCHNOLOGY Glands of the tongue Glandulae linguales – minor salivary glands: mixed (seromucous) glands – near the tip anterior lingual (Nuhn’s) glands serous glands – in the vallate papillae gustatory (von Ebner’s) glands mucous glands – in the tongue root posterior lingual (Weber) glands Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 22 SPLANCHNOLOGY Lingual tonsil Tonsilla lingualis: small, rounded mass of lymphoid tissue in the posterior ⅓ of the tongue tonsillar papillae, tonsillar crypts Weber’s salivary glands covered with stratified squamous epithelium Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 23 SPLANCHNOLOGY Muscles of the tongue Skeletal (extrinsic) lingual muscles – move the tongue: m. genioglossus – most well developed m. hyoglossus m. styloglossus m. palatoglossus m. chondroglossus – inconstant Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 24 SPLANCHNOLOGY Muscles of the tongue Proper (instrinsic) lingual muscles – alter its shape: m. longitudinalis superior m. longitudinalis inferior m. transversus linguae m. verticalis linguae Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 25 SPLANCHNOLOGY Salivary glands Small salivary glands, glandulae salivariae minores: mixed glands: labial buccal molar anterior lingual glands (Nuhn) serous glands: von Ebner ’s glands in the tongue mucous glands: palatine glands posterior lingual glands (Weber) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 26 SPLANCHNOLOGY Salivary glands Large salivary glands, glandulae salivariae majores: Parotid gland, glandula parotidea (parotis) Submandibular gland, glandula submandibularis Sublingual gland, glandula submandibularis Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 27 SPLANCHNOLOGY Fauces, fauces Isthmus faucium Fauces: velum palatinum – superiorly uvula palatina palatoglossal arch palatopharyngeal arch Prof. Dr. Nikolai
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Histology Histology
    HISTOLOGY HISTOLOGY ОДЕСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ МЕДИЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ THE ODESSA NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Áiáëiîòåêà ñòóäåíòà-ìåäèêà Medical Student’s Library Серія заснована в 1999 р. на честь 100-річчя Одеського державного медичного університету (1900–2000 рр.) The series is initiated in 1999 to mark the Centenary of the Odessa State Medical University (1900–2000) 1 L. V. Arnautova O. A. Ulyantseva HISTÎLÎGY A course of lectures A manual Odessa The Odessa National Medical University 2011 UDC 616-018: 378.16 BBC 28.8я73 Series “Medical Student’s Library” Initiated in 1999 Authors: L. V. Arnautova, O. A. Ulyantseva Reviewers: Professor V. I. Shepitko, MD, the head of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of the Ukrainian Medical Stomatologic Academy Professor O. Yu. Shapovalova, MD, the head of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of the Crimean State Medical University named after S. I. Georgiyevsky It is published according to the decision of the Central Coordinational Methodical Committee of the Odessa National Medical University Proceedings N1 from 22.09.2010 Навчальний посібник містить лекції з гістології, цитології та ембріології у відповідності до програми. Викладено матеріали теоретичного курсу по всіх темах загальної та спеціальної гістології та ембріології. Посібник призначений для підготовки студентів до практичних занять та ліцензійного екзамену “Крок-1”. Arnautova L. V. Histology. A course of lectures : a manual / L. V. Arnautova, O. A. Ulyantseva. — Оdessa : The Оdessa National Medical University, 2010. — 336 p. — (Series “Medical Student’s Library”). ISBN 978-966-443-034-7 The manual contains the lecture course on histology, cytology and embryol- ogy in correspondence with the program.
    [Show full text]
  • Histology -2Nd Stage Dr. Abeer.C.Yousif
    Dr. Abeer.c.Yousif Histology -2nd stage What is histology? Histology is the science of microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues, in Greek language Histo= tissue and logos = study and it's tightly bounded to molecular biology, physiology, immunology and other basic sciences. Tissue: A group of cells similar in structure, function and origin. In tissue cells may be dissimilar in structure and functions but they are always similar in origin. Classification of tissues: despite the variations in the body the tissues are classified into four basic types: 1. Epithelium (epithelial tissue) covers body surfaces, line body cavities, and forms glands. 2. Connective tissue underlies or supports the other three basic tissues, both structurally and functionally. 3. Muscle tissue is made up of contractile cells and is responsible for movement. 4. Nerve tissue receives, transmits, and integrates information from outside and inside the body to control the activities of the body. Epithelium General Characterizes of epithelial tissues: 1. Cells are closed to each other and tend to form junctions 2. Little or non-intracellular material between intracellular space. 3. Cell shape and number of layers correlate with the function of the epithelium. 4. Form the boundary between external environment and body tissues. 5. Cell showed polarity 6. Does not contain blood vesicle (vascularity). 7. Mitotically active. 8. Rest on basement membrane (basal lamina). 9. Regeneration: because epithelial tissue is continually damage or lost. 10. Free surface: epithelial tissue always has apical surface or a free adage. Dr. Abeer.c.Yousif Histology -2nd stage Method of Classification epithelial tissue 1- Can be classified according to number of layer to two types: A.
    [Show full text]
  • Aandp2ch25lecture.Pdf
    Chapter 25 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre- inserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Introduction • Most nutrients we eat cannot be used in existing form – Must be broken down into smaller components before body can make use of them • Digestive system—acts as a disassembly line – To break down nutrients into forms that can be used by the body – To absorb them so they can be distributed to the tissues • Gastroenterology—the study of the digestive tract and the diagnosis and treatment of its disorders 25-2 General Anatomy and Digestive Processes • Expected Learning Outcomes – List the functions and major physiological processes of the digestive system. – Distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion. – Describe the basic chemical process underlying all chemical digestion, and name the major substrates and products of this process. 25-3 General Anatomy and Digestive Processes (Continued) – List the regions of the digestive tract and the accessory organs of the digestive system. – Identify the layers of the digestive tract and describe its relationship to the peritoneum. – Describe the general neural and chemical controls over digestive function. 25-4 Digestive Function • Digestive system—organ system that processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates residue • Five stages of digestion – Ingestion: selective intake of food – Digestion: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by
    [Show full text]
  • Histochemical Characterization and Distribution of Mucosubstances and Enzyme Activity in the Lingual Salivary B
    Retour au menu BIOLOGIE Histochemical characterization and distribution of mucosubstances and enzyme activity in the lingual salivary B. M. Jarrar l glands of the one-humped came1 N. T. Taib 1 l(Camelus dromedarius) JARRAR (B. M.), TAIB (N. T.). Caractérisation histochimique et MATERIAL AND METHODS localisation des mucosubstances et leur activité enzymatique dans les landes salivaires du dromadaire (Camelus dromedurius). Revue i lev Méd. vét. Puys trop., 1989, 42 (1) : 63-71. The heads of sixteen adult camels, 9 males and 7 Des recherches histologiques et histochimiques ont été effectuées sur les glandes salivaires du dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius) afin d’en females, each immediately were removed following déterminer les structures et la répartition, la composition chimique et slaughter at the Riyadh abattoir. The whole tongue of les activités enzymatiques. Des glandes de Weber et des glandes de von each animal was divided into small pieces and were Ebner ont été trouvées dans la langue du dromadaire, mais les glandes apicales de Nünh étaient absentes. Les glandes de von Ebner se sont quickly immersed into containers each with one of the révélées séromuqueuses et d’architecture tubulo-acineuse ; elles sécrè- following fixatives : cold (4 “C) 10 p. 100 buffered for- tent des mucosubstances neutres, des sialomucines et un peu de malin (pH 7.8) with 2 p. 100 calcium acetate, alcoholic sulfomucines. Les glandes de Weber sont mucoséreuses et de type Bouin’s fluid, Rossman’s fluid and Zenker’s fluid. They tubulaire ; elles sécrètent des mucosubstances neutres, des sialomuci- nes et des sulfomucines résistantes à la hyaluronidase. Ces deux types were thoroughly washed in running water and proces- de glandes ont montré une activité enzymatique variable pour les sed for sectioning at 5-6 prn thickness.
    [Show full text]
  • General Anatomy of Gastro-Intestinal System
    General Anatomy of Gastro-IntesTinal System The teeth, Oral cavity, Tongue, Salivary glands, Pharynx. Their vessels and innervation IKIvo Klepáček Primordium of the alimentary canal (GastroInTestinal Canal) GIT devel– systema gastropulmonale – it develops from the embryonal intestine (entoderm) ; lower respiratory structurses are splitted from intewstine as a tracheobronchial pouch Ventral (head) intestine part is added to ectodermal pouch called stomodeum, caudal part of the intestine is added to ectodermal pouch called proctodeum Division of the alimentary tract: 1) oral ectodermal segment 2) main entodermal segment 3) caudal ectodermal segment děivision of the main segment: ventral gut (foregut – to biliary duct opening) middle gut (midgut – to 2/3 colon) IKdorsal gut (hindgut – to upper part of the anal canal Digestive System: Oral cavity (ectodermal origin) The gut and ist derivatives (entodermal origin) is devided in four sections: 1. Pharyngeal gut or pharynx 2. Foregut - esophagus, stomach, ¼ of duodenum, liver and gallblader, pancreas 3. Midgut – ¾ of duodenum, jejujnum, ilium, colon caecum, colon ascendens and 2/3 of colon transversum 4. Hindgut – 1/3 of colon transversum, colon descendens, colon sigmoideum, colon rectum, IKcanalis analis IK Alimentary tube (canal) - general structure – tunica mucosa (mucous membrane 1 • epithelium • lamina propria mucosae (lymph tissue) • lamina muscularis mucosae – tunica submucosa (submucous layer) – vessels, erves (plexus submucosus Meissneri) – tunica muscularis externa 7 (outer
    [Show full text]
  • 1) the Main Functions of the Digestive System Are Processing, Digestion and Absorption of Food
    The digestive system includes:- I. The alimentary (digestive) canal (tract): A- Oral cavity: a- Lips b- cheeks c- Palate d. Tongue e- Teeth B- Pharynx. C- Esophagus. D- Stomach. E- Small intestine (Duodenum, jejunum and ileum). F- Large intestine (colon, caecum, vermiform appendix and rectum). G- Anal canal. II. Glands associated with digestive tract:- A – Salivary glands Major "proper" salivary glands (parotid, lingual and submandibular). Minor "accessory" salivary glands (labial, buccal, palatine and lingual). B- Pancreas. C- Liver and gall bladder. Functions of the digestive system: 1) The main functions of the digestive system are processing, digestion and absorption of food. 2. In the mouth, mechanical breakdown by teeth and tongue and mixed with saliva (mastication and swallowing). 3. in the stomach, digesion of swallowed food by gastric enzymes. 4. In small intestine, the digested food is absorbed in the form of its macromolecular basic units, amino acids, monosaccharides, glycerides, …... etc. 5. Metabolism of the absorbed food by liver. 6. Elimination of the residue from the body through the anus. A. Oral cavity (Mouth) The oral cavity is the entrance of the digestive tract housing the tongue. The boundaries of oral cavity:- 1 * Anteriorly: teeth, gingiva and lips. * Posteriorly: the oro-pharynx. * Laterally: the teeth and cheeks. * dorsally: the hard palate. *ventrally: the tongue and floor of the mouth. a) The Lips The lip is formed of a central striated muscular mass (Orbicularis oris muscle) covered externally by thin skin and internally by cutaneous mucous membrane. 1- Skin: The lips are covered by thin skin (hairy skin) with hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands.
    [Show full text]
  • Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of the Palatine Mucosa and Its Microvascular Architecture in the Rat
    Scanning Microscopy Volume 7 Number 4 Article 21 10-21-1993 Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of the Palatine Mucosa and Its Microvascular Architecture in the Rat S. Sugioka Osaka Dental University H. Ike Osaka Dental University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/microscopy Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sugioka, S. and Ike, H. (1993) "Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of the Palatine Mucosa and Its Microvascular Architecture in the Rat," Scanning Microscopy: Vol. 7 : No. 4 , Article 21. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/microscopy/vol7/iss4/21 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western Dairy Center at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scanning Microscopy by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Scanning Microscopy, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1993 (Pages 1321-1332) 089 l-7035/93$5.00+ .00 Scanning Microscopy International, Chicago (AMF O'Hare), IL 60666 USA SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE PALATINE MUCOSA AND ITS MICROV ASCULAR ARCHITECTURE IN THE RAT S. Sugioka and H. Ike• Department of Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-31 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540, Japan (Received for publication July 25, 1993, and in revised form October 21, 1993) Abstract Introduction Detailed observations were made on the structure The palatine mucosa, designated the masticatory and microvasculature of the palatine mucosa of the rat mucosa, may have special morphological and functional by means of microvascular corrosion casts and epitheli­ elements that contribute to the mastication and swallow­ um-digested specimens using scanning electron micros­ ing of food.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Cavity, Tongue, Salivary Glands, Teeth
    ORAL CAVITY, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS, TEETH Andrea Heinzlmann Veterinary University Department of Anatomy and Histology 18th MARCH 2019 FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. prehension of food 2. mastication 3. digestion 4. absorption 5. initial storage of the nutreints 6. expulsion of the unabsorbed portion of the food https://hu.pinterest.com/pin/253609022739030729/ STRUCTURES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. MOUTH 2. PHARYNX 3. ALIMENTARY CANAL 4. ACCESSORY GLANDS https://equinenutritionnerd.com/2014/06/29/the-equine-digestive-system/ https://veteriankey.com/digestive-system/ https://slideplayer.com/slide/10444416/ STRUCTURES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL: • muscular tube • begins with the esophagus • ends at the anus https://www.horsehageforage.co.uk/WP/?page_id=149 RUMINANT https://slideplayer.com/slide/4157123/ DOG https://veteriankey.com/digestive-system/ http://davidmarlin.co.uk/portfolio/2313/ STRUCTURES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ACCESSORY GLANDS: • salivary glands located on the head • liver • pancreas https://veteriankey.com/digestive-system/ http://bvetmed1.blogspot.com/201 3/02/oral-cavity-lecture-131.html https://veteriankey.com/digestive-system/ https://hu.pinterest.com/pin/294704369347319951/ CONSECUTIVE SEGMENTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. MOUTH 2. PHARYNX 3. ESOPHAGUS 4. STOMACH 5. SMALL INTESTINE 6. LARGE INTESTINE 7. ANAL CANAL https://veteriankey.com/digestive-system/ ORAL CAVITY • extends from the lips to the entrance into the pharynx STRUCTURES OF THE ORAL CAVITY: 1. tongue 2. teeth 3. salivary glands ORAL CAVITY
    [Show full text]
  • Title Page Developmental Morphological
    Developmental Morphological Analyses on the Preglottal Salivary Gland in Japanese Quails (Coturnix Japonica) Mahmoud Osman Khalifa Aswan University Mahmoud Abd-ElKareem ( [email protected] ) Assiut University Wafaa Gaber Assiut University TS Li Nagasaki University Abdelmohaimen M. Saleh Assiut University Research Article Keywords: Preglottal salivary gland, tubuloalveolar, myoepithelial cells, quails, sialomucin Posted Date: March 2nd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-255124/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Microscopy Research and Technique on August 3rd, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23892. Title Page Developmental Morphological Analyses on the Preglottal Salivary Gland in Japanese Quails (Coturnix Japonica) Mahmoud Osman Khalifa1,3, Mahmoud Abd-El Kareem2, Wafaa Gaber2, Li TS3 and Abdelmohaimen M. Saleh2 1Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt. 2Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 3Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan Corresponding author: Mahmoud Abd-El Kareem* Department of Anatomy, Histology, and embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt [email protected] [email protected] Phone 00201094453945 1 Abstract To understand the development of the mucous preglottal salivary gland in Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail), morphological and histochemical studies were performed on 20 healthy Japanese quail embryos (aging from 10th to 17th incubation days) and 25 healthy quail chicks (aging from 0th to 60th days).
    [Show full text]
  • HISTOLOGY, CYTOLOGY and EMBRYOLOGY (A Course of Lectures)
    HISTOLOGY, CYTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY (a course of lectures) CONTENTS: Lecture 1. Origin and Subiect Matter of Histology (V.L. Goryachkina) 2 Lecture 2. Membranous and Nonmembranous Organelles (V.L .Goryachkina) 5 Lecture 3. Nucleus and Cell Cycle (V.L. Goryachkina) 8 Lecture 4. Introduction to Tissues and Tissue Development. Initial Stages of Embryonic Development (T.V. Boronikhina) 10 Lecture 5. Epithelial Tissue (S.L. Kuznetsov) 13 Lecture 6. Blood and Lymph (T.V. Boronikhina) 17 Lecture 7. Connective Tissues (V.L. Goryachkina) 21 Lecture 8. Cartilage and Bone (T.V. Boronikhina) 26 Lecture 9. Muscle Tissues (V.L. Goryachkina) 30 Lecture 10. Nervous Tissue – I (S.L. Kuznetsov) 33 Lecture 11. Nervous Tissue – II (S.L. Kuznetsov) 35 Lecture 12. Nervous System – I (S.L. Kuznetsov) 37 Lecture 13. Nervous System – II (S.L. Kuznetsov) 39 Lecture 14. Primary Sentient Sense Organs: The Eye and the Organ of Smell (T.V. Boronikhina) 41 Lecture 15. Secondary Sentient Sense Organs: The Ear and the Organ of Taste (T.V. Boronikhina 46 Lecture 16. Cardiovascular System – I (V.L. Goryachkina) 49 Lecture 17. Cardiovascular System – II (V.L. Goryachkina) 52 Lecture 18. Central Organs of Hemopoiesis: Red Bone Marrow and Thymus(V.L. Goryachkina) 56 Lecture 19. Peripheral Organs of Hemopoiesis and Immunogenesis (V.L. Goryachkina) 60 Lecture 20. Endocrine System – I (S.L. Kuznetsov) 63 Lecture 21. Endocrine System – II (S.L. Kuznetsov) 66 Lecture 22. Gastrointestinal Tract – I (S.L. Kuznetsov) 69 Lecture 23. Gastrointestinal Tract – II (S.L. Kuznetsov) 72 Lecture 24. Gastrointestinal Tract – III (S.L. Kuznetsov) 74 Lecture 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Test Tasks for the Preparation of the Section "Digestive System" 1 the Cheek (Bucca) Contains: Skin Buccinator (M
    Test tasks for the preparation of the section "Digestive system" 1 The cheek (bucca) contains: skin buccinator (m. buccinator) masseter (m. masseter) buccal fat pad (corpus adiposum buccae) mucosa (tunica mucosa) 2 The inferior wall of the oral cavity (cavitas oris) includes: hyoglossus (m. hyoglossus) sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis) posterior belly of the digastric (venter posterior m. digastrici) geniohyoid (m. geniohyoideus) mylohyoid (m. mylohyoideus) 3 The walls of the oral cavity proper (cavitas oris propria) are represented by: lips (labia oris) gums (gingivae) cheeks (buccae) teeth (dentes) palate (palatum) 4 The walls of the oral vestibule (vestibulum oris) include: palate (palatum) teeth (dentes) lips (labia oris) cheeks gums (gingivae) 5 In the oral vestibule (vestibulum oris) open: oral fissure (rima oris) sublingual duct (ductus sublingualis) submandibular duct (ductus submandibularis) parotid duct (ductus parotideus) fauces (fauces) 6 In the oral cavity proper (cavitas oris propria) open: palatine glands (glandulae palatinae) sublingual ducts (ductus sublinguales) submandibular ducts (ductus submandibulares) parotid ducts (ductus parotidei) buccal glands (glandulae buccales) 7 Formula of deciduous teeth (dentes decidui): "1 0 2 2 " "2 1 0 2" "2 0 1 2" "1 1 2 1" "2 0 2 1 " 8 Formula of permanent teeth (dentes permanentes): "2 1 3 2 " "1 2 2 3" "2 1 2 3" "1 2 3 2 " "2 2 1 3" 9 Each tooth has: body (corpus) cervix (collum) crown (corona) pulp cavity (cavitas dentis) root (radix dentis) 10 Hard tooth tissues are: pulp
    [Show full text]
  • Histology Lec 7
    Prof.Athraa Histology lecture 7 SALIVARY GLANDS • The major salivary glands consist of 1. Parotid 2. Submandibular 3. Sublingual glands. • The minor salivary glands include 1. Lingual 2. Labial 3. Buccal 4. Molar 5. Palatine glands. • The major salivary glands are surrounded by a capsule. The minor salivary glands do not have a capsule. • The basic secretory unit of salivary glands, the salivon, consists of 1. Acinus 2. Intercalated duct 3. Excretory duct • Three types of acini are described: • Serous acini, which contain only serous cells and are generally spherical • Mucous acini, which contain only mucous cells and are usually more tubular • Mixed acini, which contain both serous and mucous cells. 1 Prof.Athraa Histology lecture 7 Parotid Gland • Completely serous • Largest of the major salivary glands. • Large amounts of adipose tissue often occur in the parotid gland; this is one of its distinguishing features. • The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) passes through the parotid gland Submandibular Gland The submandibular glands are mixed glands that are mostly serous in humans. Sublingual Gland • The small sublingual glands are mixed glands that are mostly mucous secreting in humans. • The smallest of the paired major salivary glands LIVER Overview • The largest mass of glandular tissue • The largest internal organ weighing approximately 1,500 g • Anatomically divided by deep grooves into two large lobes (the right and left lobes) and two smaller lobes (the quadrate and caudate lobes) • Several vitamins stored or biochemically modified by the liver: 1. Vitamin A 2. Vitamin K 2 Prof.Athraa Histology lecture 7 3. Vitamin D • Bile production is an exocrine function of the liver.
    [Show full text]