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Classical Liver (Hepatic) Lobules It Is Formed of a Polygonal Mass of A- Capsule: Glisson’S Capsule
LIVER & SPLEEN Color index: Slides.. Important ..Notes ..Extra.. Objectives: By the end of this lecture, the student should be able to describe: 1. The histological structure of liver with special emphasis on: . Classical hepatic (liver) lobule. Hepatocytes. Portal tract (portal area). Hepatic (liver) blood sinusoids. Space of Disse (perisinusoidal space of Disse) . Bile canalculi. 2. The histological structure of spleen with special emphasis on: . White pulp. Red Pulp. LIVER 1-Stroma; 2-Parenchyma; mainly C.T, but not in humans. Classical liver (hepatic) lobules It is formed of a polygonal mass of a- Capsule: Glisson’s Capsule. liver tissue, bounded by b- Septa (absent in human) interlobular septa with portal areas & Portal areas (Portal tracts) at the periphery & central Portal area: surrounded by (centrolobular) vein in the center. other structures. Central vein: surrounded by c- Network of reticular fibers. hepatocytes LIVER Contents of the Classic Liver Lobule: Borders of the Classical Liver Lobule the rows of hepatocytes should be next to each other; 1- Septa: C.T. septa (e.g. in pigs). remember canaliculi 2- Portal areas (Portal tracts): 1- Anastomosing plates of hepatocytes. Are located in the corners of the classical hepatic 2- Liver blood sinusoids (hepatic blood lobule (usually 3 in No.). sinusoids): between the plates. Contents of portal area: 3- Spaces of Disse (perisinusoidal spaces of a- C.T. b- Bile ducts (interlobular bile ducts). Disse) between the hepatocytes and sinusoids c- Venule (Branch of portal vein). 4- Central vein. d- Arteriole (Branch of hepatic artery). 5- Bile canaliculi. Hepatic artery: surrounded by smooth muscles while the bile duct is not. -
Histology Histology
HISTOLOGY HISTOLOGY ОДЕСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ МЕДИЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ THE ODESSA NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Áiáëiîòåêà ñòóäåíòà-ìåäèêà Medical Student’s Library Серія заснована в 1999 р. на честь 100-річчя Одеського державного медичного університету (1900–2000 рр.) The series is initiated in 1999 to mark the Centenary of the Odessa State Medical University (1900–2000) 1 L. V. Arnautova O. A. Ulyantseva HISTÎLÎGY A course of lectures A manual Odessa The Odessa National Medical University 2011 UDC 616-018: 378.16 BBC 28.8я73 Series “Medical Student’s Library” Initiated in 1999 Authors: L. V. Arnautova, O. A. Ulyantseva Reviewers: Professor V. I. Shepitko, MD, the head of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of the Ukrainian Medical Stomatologic Academy Professor O. Yu. Shapovalova, MD, the head of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of the Crimean State Medical University named after S. I. Georgiyevsky It is published according to the decision of the Central Coordinational Methodical Committee of the Odessa National Medical University Proceedings N1 from 22.09.2010 Навчальний посібник містить лекції з гістології, цитології та ембріології у відповідності до програми. Викладено матеріали теоретичного курсу по всіх темах загальної та спеціальної гістології та ембріології. Посібник призначений для підготовки студентів до практичних занять та ліцензійного екзамену “Крок-1”. Arnautova L. V. Histology. A course of lectures : a manual / L. V. Arnautova, O. A. Ulyantseva. — Оdessa : The Оdessa National Medical University, 2010. — 336 p. — (Series “Medical Student’s Library”). ISBN 978-966-443-034-7 The manual contains the lecture course on histology, cytology and embryol- ogy in correspondence with the program. -
Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria. -
Junction Between Kupffer Cells and Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium. a Review This Short Review Was Prepared on the Basis of Trans
Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 57(2-3) : 145-158, August 1980 Junction between Kupffer Cells and Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium. A Review By TOSHIO ITO, YUTAKA TANUMA and SUSUMU SHIBASAKI Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173 and Department of Anatomy, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi 371, Japan -Received for Publication, January 24, 1980- Key Words : Kupffer-endothelial junction, Human and bat liver, TEM and SEM. Summary. In this review, the junctions between Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial cells previously revealed by the present authors under the transmission electron microscope in both normal human and bat livers has been discussed and compared with stereo- images of the connections between the two cell types reported by other authors in scanning electron microscopic studies. It is concluded that Kupffer cells lie on the gap or opening of the endothelial lining of the sinusoid, that part of the perisinusoidal surface of the cell body which is applied to the opening directly faces the perisinusoidal space, and that the margin of this part of the perisinusoidal surface of the Kupffer cell and the margin of the endothelial opening are circularly bound by means of a peculiar close junctional area identical in structure and appearance with the so-called "junctional complex" (Wisse) between endothelial cells . The two junctional areas between the Kupffer cell and the endothelial sheet which are found in a pair in trans- mission electron microscopic preparations on two diametrical parts of the perisinusoidal surface of the Kupffer cell, should be derived from the perpendicular section of such a circular margin of the endothelial opening attached to the Kupffer cell body. -
Histology -2Nd Stage Dr. Abeer.C.Yousif
Dr. Abeer.c.Yousif Histology -2nd stage What is histology? Histology is the science of microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues, in Greek language Histo= tissue and logos = study and it's tightly bounded to molecular biology, physiology, immunology and other basic sciences. Tissue: A group of cells similar in structure, function and origin. In tissue cells may be dissimilar in structure and functions but they are always similar in origin. Classification of tissues: despite the variations in the body the tissues are classified into four basic types: 1. Epithelium (epithelial tissue) covers body surfaces, line body cavities, and forms glands. 2. Connective tissue underlies or supports the other three basic tissues, both structurally and functionally. 3. Muscle tissue is made up of contractile cells and is responsible for movement. 4. Nerve tissue receives, transmits, and integrates information from outside and inside the body to control the activities of the body. Epithelium General Characterizes of epithelial tissues: 1. Cells are closed to each other and tend to form junctions 2. Little or non-intracellular material between intracellular space. 3. Cell shape and number of layers correlate with the function of the epithelium. 4. Form the boundary between external environment and body tissues. 5. Cell showed polarity 6. Does not contain blood vesicle (vascularity). 7. Mitotically active. 8. Rest on basement membrane (basal lamina). 9. Regeneration: because epithelial tissue is continually damage or lost. 10. Free surface: epithelial tissue always has apical surface or a free adage. Dr. Abeer.c.Yousif Histology -2nd stage Method of Classification epithelial tissue 1- Can be classified according to number of layer to two types: A. -
Aandp2ch25lecture.Pdf
Chapter 25 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre- inserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Introduction • Most nutrients we eat cannot be used in existing form – Must be broken down into smaller components before body can make use of them • Digestive system—acts as a disassembly line – To break down nutrients into forms that can be used by the body – To absorb them so they can be distributed to the tissues • Gastroenterology—the study of the digestive tract and the diagnosis and treatment of its disorders 25-2 General Anatomy and Digestive Processes • Expected Learning Outcomes – List the functions and major physiological processes of the digestive system. – Distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion. – Describe the basic chemical process underlying all chemical digestion, and name the major substrates and products of this process. 25-3 General Anatomy and Digestive Processes (Continued) – List the regions of the digestive tract and the accessory organs of the digestive system. – Identify the layers of the digestive tract and describe its relationship to the peritoneum. – Describe the general neural and chemical controls over digestive function. 25-4 Digestive Function • Digestive system—organ system that processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates residue • Five stages of digestion – Ingestion: selective intake of food – Digestion: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by -
(Hepatic Stellate Cells) in Diagnosis of Liver Fibrosis
Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access Research Article Open Access Ito stellate cells (hepatic stellate cells) in diagnosis of liver fibrosis Introduction Volume 10 Issue 4 - 2019 Adverse outcome of most chronic diffuse liver lesions of various etiologies including chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is liver fibrosis in the Vladimir Tsyrkunov,1 Viktor Andreev,2 Rimma development of which main participants are activated fibroblasts. Kravchuk,3 Iryna Kаndratovich1 Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the main source of activated 1 1,2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Grodno State Medical fibroblasts. University, Belarus 2 HSC, a synonym - stellate cells of liver, Ito cells, perisinusoidal Department of Histology, Grodno State Medical University, Belarus lipocytes, stellate cells. HSC were firstly described in 1876 and named 3Department of Science, Grodno State Medical University, by K. Kupffer stellate cells T. Ito, finding in them a drop of fat firstly Belarus marked them as lipophagic («shibo-sesshusaibo») but then finding that the fat elaborated by the cells from glycogen named them as Correspondence: Iryna Kаndratovich, Department of fat-storing cells or Ito sells («shibo-chozosaibo»).3 In 1971, K.Wake Infectious Diseases, Grodno State Medical University, Gorkogo str 80, Grodno 230009, Belarus, Tel +375152434286, Fax proved the identity of stellate cells of Kupffer and Ito cells and that +375152434286, Email these cells are “stored” vitamin A.4 Received: October 29, 2018 | Published: July 25, 2019 About 80% of vitamin A which is in the body accumulates in the liver and up to 80% of liver retinoids deposited in fat droplets of HSC. Ethers of retinol in formulation of chylomicrons entered to Methods hepatocytes, where they are converted to retinol and form of vitamin A complex with retinol binding protein (RBP), which is secreted in Lifetime liver biopsy obtained by performing aspiration biopsy perisinusoidal space where it deposited by cells.5 of the liver of patients with CHC (HCV ribonucleic acid+). -
Histochemical Characterization and Distribution of Mucosubstances and Enzyme Activity in the Lingual Salivary B
Retour au menu BIOLOGIE Histochemical characterization and distribution of mucosubstances and enzyme activity in the lingual salivary B. M. Jarrar l glands of the one-humped came1 N. T. Taib 1 l(Camelus dromedarius) JARRAR (B. M.), TAIB (N. T.). Caractérisation histochimique et MATERIAL AND METHODS localisation des mucosubstances et leur activité enzymatique dans les landes salivaires du dromadaire (Camelus dromedurius). Revue i lev Méd. vét. Puys trop., 1989, 42 (1) : 63-71. The heads of sixteen adult camels, 9 males and 7 Des recherches histologiques et histochimiques ont été effectuées sur les glandes salivaires du dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius) afin d’en females, each immediately were removed following déterminer les structures et la répartition, la composition chimique et slaughter at the Riyadh abattoir. The whole tongue of les activités enzymatiques. Des glandes de Weber et des glandes de von each animal was divided into small pieces and were Ebner ont été trouvées dans la langue du dromadaire, mais les glandes apicales de Nünh étaient absentes. Les glandes de von Ebner se sont quickly immersed into containers each with one of the révélées séromuqueuses et d’architecture tubulo-acineuse ; elles sécrè- following fixatives : cold (4 “C) 10 p. 100 buffered for- tent des mucosubstances neutres, des sialomucines et un peu de malin (pH 7.8) with 2 p. 100 calcium acetate, alcoholic sulfomucines. Les glandes de Weber sont mucoséreuses et de type Bouin’s fluid, Rossman’s fluid and Zenker’s fluid. They tubulaire ; elles sécrètent des mucosubstances neutres, des sialomuci- nes et des sulfomucines résistantes à la hyaluronidase. Ces deux types were thoroughly washed in running water and proces- de glandes ont montré une activité enzymatique variable pour les sed for sectioning at 5-6 prn thickness. -
General Anatomy of Gastro-Intestinal System
General Anatomy of Gastro-IntesTinal System The teeth, Oral cavity, Tongue, Salivary glands, Pharynx. Their vessels and innervation IKIvo Klepáček Primordium of the alimentary canal (GastroInTestinal Canal) GIT devel– systema gastropulmonale – it develops from the embryonal intestine (entoderm) ; lower respiratory structurses are splitted from intewstine as a tracheobronchial pouch Ventral (head) intestine part is added to ectodermal pouch called stomodeum, caudal part of the intestine is added to ectodermal pouch called proctodeum Division of the alimentary tract: 1) oral ectodermal segment 2) main entodermal segment 3) caudal ectodermal segment děivision of the main segment: ventral gut (foregut – to biliary duct opening) middle gut (midgut – to 2/3 colon) IKdorsal gut (hindgut – to upper part of the anal canal Digestive System: Oral cavity (ectodermal origin) The gut and ist derivatives (entodermal origin) is devided in four sections: 1. Pharyngeal gut or pharynx 2. Foregut - esophagus, stomach, ¼ of duodenum, liver and gallblader, pancreas 3. Midgut – ¾ of duodenum, jejujnum, ilium, colon caecum, colon ascendens and 2/3 of colon transversum 4. Hindgut – 1/3 of colon transversum, colon descendens, colon sigmoideum, colon rectum, IKcanalis analis IK Alimentary tube (canal) - general structure – tunica mucosa (mucous membrane 1 • epithelium • lamina propria mucosae (lymph tissue) • lamina muscularis mucosae – tunica submucosa (submucous layer) – vessels, erves (plexus submucosus Meissneri) – tunica muscularis externa 7 (outer -
1) the Main Functions of the Digestive System Are Processing, Digestion and Absorption of Food
The digestive system includes:- I. The alimentary (digestive) canal (tract): A- Oral cavity: a- Lips b- cheeks c- Palate d. Tongue e- Teeth B- Pharynx. C- Esophagus. D- Stomach. E- Small intestine (Duodenum, jejunum and ileum). F- Large intestine (colon, caecum, vermiform appendix and rectum). G- Anal canal. II. Glands associated with digestive tract:- A – Salivary glands Major "proper" salivary glands (parotid, lingual and submandibular). Minor "accessory" salivary glands (labial, buccal, palatine and lingual). B- Pancreas. C- Liver and gall bladder. Functions of the digestive system: 1) The main functions of the digestive system are processing, digestion and absorption of food. 2. In the mouth, mechanical breakdown by teeth and tongue and mixed with saliva (mastication and swallowing). 3. in the stomach, digesion of swallowed food by gastric enzymes. 4. In small intestine, the digested food is absorbed in the form of its macromolecular basic units, amino acids, monosaccharides, glycerides, …... etc. 5. Metabolism of the absorbed food by liver. 6. Elimination of the residue from the body through the anus. A. Oral cavity (Mouth) The oral cavity is the entrance of the digestive tract housing the tongue. The boundaries of oral cavity:- 1 * Anteriorly: teeth, gingiva and lips. * Posteriorly: the oro-pharynx. * Laterally: the teeth and cheeks. * dorsally: the hard palate. *ventrally: the tongue and floor of the mouth. a) The Lips The lip is formed of a central striated muscular mass (Orbicularis oris muscle) covered externally by thin skin and internally by cutaneous mucous membrane. 1- Skin: The lips are covered by thin skin (hairy skin) with hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. -
Dystroglycan Expression in Hepatic Stellate Cells: Role in Liver Fibrosis
0023-6837/02/8208-1053$03.00/0 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION Vol. 82, No. 8, p. 1053, 2002 Copyright © 2002 by The United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Dystroglycan Expression in Hepatic Stellate Cells: Role in Liver Fibrosis Pierre Bedossa, Sophie Ferlicot, Valérie Paradis, Delphine Dargère, Frank Bonvoust, and Michel Vidaud Service d’Anatomie Pathologique (PB, SF, VP), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, UPRESA CNRS-8O67 (PB, VP, DD, FB), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Paris VI, and JE DRED 351 (MV), Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France SUMMARY: Dystroglycan is a membrane component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein transmembrane complex. Its expression is required for the spatial organization of laminin on the cell surface and for basement membrane assembly. In view of the constitution of a perisinusoidal basement membrane during liver fibrosis, we studied dystroglycan expression in liver fibrosis. Dystroglycan mRNA and protein expression were investigated by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and quantitative RT-PCR (TaqMan) in normal human and rat liver and in isolated rat hepatic stellate cells. On Western blot, a 43-kd band corresponding to -dystroglycan was observed in protein extracted from normal and fibrotic human and rat livers. The specific 43-kd protein was also detected in lysates from rat hepatic stellate cells but not from hepatocytes. By immunofluorescence, patchy deposits of -dystroglycan were detected on membrane of hepatic stellate cells in culture. On Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR, an up-regulation of -dystroglycan was shown during spontaneous activation of hepatic stellate cells in culture. Direct evidence for the role of dystroglycan in laminin-hepatic stellate cell interaction was shown because specific antibody directed against ␣-dystroglycan inhibited partially hepatic stellate cell adhesion on laminin-coated plates. -
Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
Digestive system III: Liver, Gallbladder, And Pancreas Liver Introduction - The embryology , gross morphology , and histology of the normal human liver ”the single largest organ in the human body ”are described in this chapter . - In many instances, immunohistologic studies of liver tissue have the potential to yield more information than electron microscopy. Embryology - The liver arises as the hepatic diverticulum from the endodermal lining of the most distal portion of the foregut during the 3 to 5 week of gestation. - In embryos 4 to 5 mm in length. - The hepatic diverticulum differentiates cranially into proliferating hepatic cords and caudally into the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. - The anastomosing cords of hepatic epithelial cells grow into the mesenchyme of the septum transversum. - As the hepatic cords extend outward during the 5 week of gestation, they are interpenetrated by the inwardly growing capillary plexus, which arises from the vitelline veins in the outer margins of the septum transversum and forms the primitive hepatic sinusoids. - Scattered mesenchymal cells lie between the endothelial wall of the sinusoids and the hepatic cords and form the hepatic stroma, as well as the capsule. - Hematopoietic tissue and Kupffer cells also derive from splanchnic mesenchyme, begins during the 6 week. - By 9 weeks' gestation accounts for approximately 10% of the total weight of the embryo. - The bile canaliculi appear in the 10-mm embryo (9weeks) as intercellular spaces between immature hepatocytes (hepatoblasts). - The epithelium of the intrahepatic bile ducts arises from the proximal part of the primitive hepatic cords. - the epithelial layer in direct contact with the mesenchyme around the portal vein transforms into bile duct “type cells.