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Thesis Alonso Tormo Electronics and IT Aalborg University http://www.aau.dk Title: Abstract: Transition of the mobility system in Madrid A transition entails a change from a socio-technical Education: system which is established in society to an emerging MSc in Sustainable Cities one that is pushed forward by niche actors. This process is undergone because it represents the best way to improve the overall sustainability of the system. Semester: 4th Transport systems in cities need to transition from the automobile regime to the bicycle niche because it is the Semester Theme: fastest mode in the city, it does not pollute and Master Thesis increases social welfare and healthiness. Project Period: I have studied the transition of the mobility system in Spring Semester 2018 Madrid, where transport stakeholders are to a certain extent managing the transition process since about a decade by being able to adapt to the changing Student number: circumstances from the regime and landscape level and 20162493 at the same time utilising the opportunities that temporary measures like the bike priority lane produce Participant(s): to bring about the bike system and leave behind the car Alonso Tormo Castelló regime, so far. I have based the research on qualitative data from Supervisor(s): literature and 6 interviews with key stakeholders in the Andrés Felipe Valderrama Pineda process. Moreover, I have used the theories of MLP and Transition Management to analyse the topic. Copies: 1 I could conclude that the bike priority lane is supporting the transition because it helps constitute the Page Numbers: 85 bike as a utilitarian mode that southern European countries are lacking, with a low budget and prompts a future smoother transformation of the traffic lane to a Date of Completion: bike lane. June 7, 2018 The content of this report is freely available, but publication (with reference) may only be pursued due to agreement with the author. 2 MSc in Sustainable Cities Aalborg University June 2018 Transition of the Mobility System in Madrid Master Thesis Alonso Tormo Castelló Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 6 1.1. The problem: non-high levels of cycling in cities ..................................................... 6 1.2. The unknown benefits of cycling ................................................................................ 7 1.3. What is restraining having high levels of cycling?................................................... 8 1.4. The difficulty of choosing an infrastructure as there are many models .............. 10 1.5. Implementing bike infrastructure by taking space from the road......................... 11 1.6. The socio-technical system of the bike ................................................................... 12 Chapter 2 Problem Formulation ........................................................................................... 13 Chapter 3 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 14 3.1. The focus on the bike priority lane to look at the transition of the mobility system ................................................................................................................................. 14 3.2. List of terms used in the report ................................................................................. 15 3.3. Research design ......................................................................................................... 15 3.4. Data collection techniques ........................................................................................ 16 3.4.1. Interview technique ................................................................................................ 17 3.4.2. Interviewees ........................................................................................................... 17 3.4.3. Literature search..................................................................................................... 19 3.4.4. Triangulation technique .......................................................................................... 19 3.5. The case study ............................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 4 Theory ................................................................................................................... 22 4.1. Choice of theory: Multi-Level Perspective and Transition Management ............. 22 4.3. The three heuristic levels ........................................................................................... 24 4.4. Transition: Change from one socio-technical system to another ........................ 25 4.5. The different transport regimes considered in this thesis .................................... 27 Chapter 5 Analysis................................................................................................................. 28 5.1. Multiple developments emerging from different levels .......................................... 28 5.2. The beginning of a transition .................................................................................... 31 5.3. A fundamental change of assumptions ................................................................... 32 5.4. Precursors of this change.......................................................................................... 35 5.5. BPL inherent goals in line with the transition ......................................................... 38 5.6. Summary of findings .................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 6 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 42 6.1. A business as usual situation - no BPL ................................................................... 42 6.2. Negative influences of BPL and e-bikes .................................................................. 43 6.3. What can Granada learn from Madrid? .................................................................... 44 6.4. Changes in different domains along the transition ................................................ 46 6.5. Other socio-technical systems that are driving the transition .............................. 47 6.6. Possible scenarios for the future of the city ........................................................... 49 Chapter 7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 53 Chapter 8 Bibliography ......................................................................................................... 56 Chapter 9 Appendixes ........................................................................................................... 59 3 Appendix 1: Alfonso Sanz ................................................................................................. 59 Appendix 2: Ignacio Ramos .............................................................................................. 63 Appendix 3: Miguel Andrés ............................................................................................... 68 Appendix 4: Ramón Linaza ............................................................................................... 73 Appendix 5: David Álvarez ................................................................................................ 78 Appendix 6: Mª Dolores Trespando ................................................................................. 80 Appendix A: Pre-interview summary for interviewees .................................................. 82 4 Table of Figures Figure 1.1. Socio-economic benefits of cycling ......................................................................... 7 Figure 1.2. Comparative journey speeds of travel modes in an urban environment ................ 8 Figure 1.3. Evolution of daily bike trips in Seville ................................................................... .11 Figure 1.4. Socio-technical system for the bike ...................................................................... 12 Figure 2.1. Bike priority lane in a street in Madrid ................................................................... 13 Figure 3.1.Timeline of the most important events ................................................................... 21 Figure 4.1. System optimisation versus system innovation .................................................... 23 Figure 4.2. Multiple levels as a nested hierarchy in the transport system in Madrid .............. 25 Figure 4.3. A dynamic multi-level perspective on Madrid´s city transport system innovation 26 Figure 5.1. Evolution of percentage of bikes among vehicles in municipality of Madrid ........ 29 Figure 5.2. Bike lane on sidewalk in a street in Madrid........................................................... 30 Figure 5.3. Circular causality diagram of developments that reinforce the implementation of bike priority lanes in Madrid.............................................................................................. 31 Figure 5.4. Bike lane in street “Alcalá”, located on the road ................................................... 33 Figure 5.5. Evolution of the cross section of the streets in Madrid ......................................... 34 Figure 5.6. Developments emerging from the different heuristic levels in Madrid ................
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