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Thematic Geography to Develop Transmigration Settlements

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INSTJ1UT AIANCAJS IlE llB:tBlCHl SŒNTIfQJE POUl! lE DEVELOI'POoENT EN alOPBIATJON '1I8'\B.~ FJtANC~, THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY TO DEVELOP TRANSMIGRATION SETTLEMENTS lOWlAND RICE AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF KALIMANTAN INDQN(SIA ORSTOM TRANSMIGRATION PROJECl 1P'TA-....' .JIIIKART'" - 1Il8S DEPARTEMEN TRANSMIGRASI INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE BI RD PERENCANAAN POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT EN COOPERATION (REPUBLIK INDONESIA) (REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE) THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY TO DEVELOP TRANSMIGRATION SETTLEMENTS LOWLAND RI CE AND WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF KALIMANTAN OLIVIER SEVIN ORS. PRAYITNO IR. AlMI MAANI ORS. KARSAN Translated fro. French by Mrs. S. Henger Orawings by Ba.bang Dwi Susilo INOONESIA-ORTOK TRANSMIGRATION PROJECT PTA-44 JAKARTA, 1985 17 MARS 1987 SUMMARY Foreword 1ntroduction Part 1 A Mesopotami a, of Sorts Chapter 1. A lowland region overhung by water tanks Chapter Il. A political histo,y closely linked to the morphological devel opmen t Part Il A Veritable Palimpseste of Diverse Cultural Cont .... ibutions and Successive 1mpressions Chapter III. Banjar solutions to the land development problem Chapter IV. Development of a flat-land which from the Dutch point of view, could only be polderized Chapter V. Transmigration and the improvement of the South coast of Ka 1i man tan Part III Ana 1ysi s of the Rice-farmi ng Landscape in South Ka 1imantan Chapter VI. Elementary methods, or how to get rid of peat Chapter VII. Controlled-flooded croplands created from the use of the t i da I-bore phenomenon Chapter VIII. Alabio or the misfortunes of a polder in the Tropics Conclusions and recommendations 1. Evaluation and instruction 2. Development propositions FOREWORD The following geographic report . is a continuation of the five-year, multidiscipl inary study carried out in view of installing Transmigration Centers in the province of Central Kalimantan and favorizi ng thei r development. The first two phases of the study, based on a pre! i m i nar'y general reconnaissance survey of Central :<al imantan, consisted 1 in selecting favorable upland sites and then proposing a system 2 of development for virgin land • These projects were then followed by a regiona! ana 1ysi s of the Mentaya valley which presently serves as a model for the implantation of the first Transmigration 3 Centers in the interior of the island • It was quickly seen from these studies that the upland projects whose extension cannot continue indefinitely could be resourcefully complemented by the development of the swampy lowland plains in the surrounding' areas, which cover 1,720,000 hectares within the provinces of Central and South Kalimantan. This complementary development appears ail the more interesting since the IVth 5-Year Plan has scheduled the installation of 126,000 families in the province of Central Kalimantan alone. 1Reconnaissance Survey in Central Kalimantan. Indonesia -ORSTOM Trans­ migration project. PTA 44. Jakarta 1981. 2Turnbang Sangai Priori ty Area. ! ndonesi a-ORSTOM Transmi gration project. 3PTA 44. Jakarta, 1982. Regional Geography to Develop Transmigration Settlements in Central Ka­ limantan. "The Lower Mentaya Valley". Indonesia-ORSTOM Transmigration Project. PTA 44.. Jakarta, 1984. 6 Vfith this in mind, the analysis of the pr'eviously-e>dsting projects in the prov i nce of South :(al imantan, where Transm i grat ion appeared earlier, proved well-adv i sed. The natura 1 surround i ngs are indeed homogeneous from the 110th to 116th degree éast longitude below the 2nd parallel South 1 a t i tude, and there are a great many development methods based on a water control system tha t is more or less efficient. These systems were ei ther set up by the local populations who have for centuries examined the possibilities and constraints of their environment, or result from the application of techniques developed by the transmigrants who settled in the area at an ea ... lier date. Concerning the local populations, a study was carried out in the villages of Pematang ?anjang, f(ayu aawang, Pemakuan, and Gudang Hirang, in the Banjarmasin area; for the transmigrant population, a survey was made of the situation in the two centers of Sei Luang and Barambai, along the aarito. r'leanwhi le, the presentation of the AI ab io pol der answers the need for an ana 1ysi s of an intensive deve1opmen t of the natural surroundings using 1 modern methods . The object of th i s report i s thus to prov i de a response to the objectives of the Republic of 1 ndonesia regarding Transmigration 2 within the framework of the 1Vth 5-Year Plan, and in particular to paragraphs 2d, 2e, and 3 : l see Situation r-:lap. 2 Transmigration Policies in Repelita IV. Department of T ..ansmigration. Republic of Indonesia, Ja:-<arta, hiarch 1985. 7 1. CARTE DE LOCALISATION / SITUATION MAP 2t>o. KALIMANTAN _ TABALONG \,..", TIMUR /-~'J i -' i ",- . i'" ! ~. .1 .... 1 ,.- \ . "- ,.-.' , " ~ /~ ~ ( j • PARINGIN j HULUSUNGAI UTARA ( ./ ./ .~._. i .....'-.-_., ) ',. i -') ./ f i '-"'_0'" i i t' ".-._.-.,;'./ "'........ '\...... /' !! \ jKANDANGAN ! '.~. HULUSUNGAI ,,--.-;J.' ....·....·/SELATAN ".", /. \ ~ ". .-_.-....... i/ '; • RANTAÙ·-·.1 j (_J ." ./ . ;J '-._..,/.~ /./ ,/ i' ",' , /"'/ .1 r / ~/. ( !. ._.i 1 i Mer de Java / Java sea o 10 20 3C>km 1 , , , 114°30' 1/5°00' 1/5°30' B·/IIO ~5 Fleuve / River Villages enquêtés/lnquired villages .. Route principale / Maù? road CD Pemakuan ® Gudang Hirang BANJARMASIN : Capitale Provinciale / Provincial capitol ® Pematang Panjang @ Kayu Bawang .. RANTAU : Chef-lieu de Kabupacen /Head ofKabupacen ® Sei Luang ® Barambai •.•. ~ ....+. Limite Provinciale / Provincial boundary' Limite de Kabupacen / Kabupacen boundary ~i Polder d'alabio /Alabio polder 8 -"To guarantee the successful implementation of Ti'ansmigi'ation ( •... ) it is necessary to step up the coordination in implementation which covei'S é1mong other things ( ..•. ) production facilities and social infrastructure needed in the transmigi'ation area and effort to.integrate.the ti'ansmigrants with the local population"l -"The promot ion of the undei'tak i ngs of peasant transmi gt'ants and the local population,,2 Il settlement planning has to take into account a range of factoi's that' are relevant not only to transmigrant welfai'e but also ._tQ,..?,tbe specifie needs of the regions. These factors include 3 spatial, ecological, economical, and human aspects of the settlement" • Thus, th i s report serves two pUi'poses to draw instruction, lessons, and recommendat i ons for improving the function of the existing transmigration centers in keeping with the framework of the Second Stage Development studies, but also to pi'opose a new model for i'ational development of the lower valleys. Finally, wish to exp;",ess my thanks to the Services of the provincial government of South Kalimantan, particula;",ly those of the iliinistry of Transmigration and the f·i;inistry of Public V/orks, • for their precious aide A special thanks must be made to Dr.lr.H.J. Schophuys for the hospitality and precious counsel he so generously offered me. 1.. ., 1010, p. 11- 2'1b "d l , p. 11- 3ibid , p. 14. INTï={ODUCTION South-east Ka 1i mantan is a doub 1y si ngu 1ar region. On a large scale, from the foot of the i/ieratus Mountains in the east to the Kahayan River in the west, and as far north as the Tanjung region, an orderly, even geometrical, landscape whose ridges are sometimes so clearly defined as to evoke the shape of some sort of fork, on a background of dikes and canals, contrasts just as sharply with the blurry indecision of the central part of the island as it does with the surr..ounding::lowJand pLains.-.The. :Iatter..:.;.._-.greatj· deserted, swampy areas cross-eut wi th mighty rivers that are scattered with oxbows and cut-offs - are reputed to be repulsive and malarla­ infested and are generally devoid of human inhabitants. On a small scale, however, the civilized appearance takes on a relative character. Thei'e is nothing comparable to the antiquity of the extraordinary densities of the continental Asian deltas (Tonkin delta) or the Indian sub-continent (Ganges delta). In the Java • Sea periphery it is the mountains that are ripe with history and which shelter the densest populations. Naturally, Java is the best illustration of this phenomenon, but the imposing human burden of this island must not mask the importance of the Sumatranese range, nor the intensity of the Toraja region in South-Central Sulawesi. On the other hand, the amelioration of the lowland plains is a recent implementation as shown by the example of Lampung, on the exti'eme southeast ti p of Sumatra. Around Banjarmas in , its port, and its sultanate, an original civilization grew up, bOi'rowing from the Javanese, Dayaks, Bugis, i~ialays, and even the Dutch; from this civilization emerged a new people, the 8anjar. Due to these multiple cultural contributions, the Banjar were the first to succeed in perfecting an original type of development in an environment which others considered repulsive, so that today the region offei's a variety of. forms that are mOi'e or less finished depending on whether the water conti'ol i s more or 1ess perfect. PART 1 A Mesopotami a, of Sorts 2 A,ound 3anj armasin, a 1Q, 000 to 15, OOO-km amph i b ious plain was formed by the gigantic accumulation of alluvial deposits washed do"vn by the aarito, :~apuas, and ;<ahayan rivers, as weil as, to a lesser degree, the r~e9a,a. This intermediate zone between land and sea is for southern border an immense, more or Jess consolidated delta of highly va,ying shape, common to the three major rivers. The recent evolution of this delta was sufficiently pe,ceptible to condition the history of the region's colonization. The political history of the area bears vvitness to the arr.oiguous ïelationship between man and water the latter was first seen as a means of transportation, then as a method of ag,icultural development, and finally as a danger to be provided against.
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    Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol. 6, No. 2, September 2020 P-ISSN: 2477-4928, E-ISSN: 2656-6680 URANG BANJAR PHILOSOPHY: EDUCATION AND THE SOCIAL AFFAIRS OF THE COMMUNITY Anwar Hafidzi Faculty of Shariah Antasari State Islamic University Banjarmasin E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The possibility of social change in the urang Banjar ideology is illustrated in this study. The people of Banjar demonstrate that farming is to be taught for the next generation, not just for the economies alone Bahuma or right farming. This research is field research with a descriptive-analytical approach. This research found that the philosophics of the traditions of Banjar should thrive wherever they are, with the approach of longitude (honesty, trust and fathanah), superficial (persistent and resilient), tugul (diligent and continuity), paibadah (near to God), batarget (sight and a clear mission). This paper is based on al-Qur'an surah Al-Fath verse 29 and alA'raaf verse 56 and supports Ashabiyah Ibn Khaldun's theory, which emphasizes that three stages tend to change people's thinking, namely the stage of creation, the stage of enjoyment, and the stage of individuality. Likewise, Arnold Toynbee's theory, which suggests that changes that happen in society, whether they are improvement or failure, can be explained by social concepts that are always interrelated, namely challenges and responses. Keywords: Bahuma, Banjar, society, technology, change, education. A. PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS The Banjar, broadly speaking, is indigenous to part of the province of South Kalimantan. The majority of the population is located in the Banjarmasin area and extends to the Martapura area.
  • The 19Th Century Traditional Houses of the Banjar Islamic (Muslim) Community: a Display of Power

    The 19Th Century Traditional Houses of the Banjar Islamic (Muslim) Community: a Display of Power

    This paper is part of the Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Islamic Heritage Architecture and Art (IHA 2016) www.witconferences.com The 19th century traditional houses of the Banjar Islamic (Muslim) community: a display of power I. Marwoto Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Abstract As mentioned by Christopher Tilley, a house can be a medium to do negotiations among the individuals and their community. The house can become a site to collect and display cultural capital in terms of individual relations with others to place themselves socially. Rumah Bubungan Tinggi which I researched is a traditional house of the Banjar Islamic Malay Kingdom in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, functioning as one where kings have lived. According to the research which has been conducted, there are just about seven wooden houses with rich Islamic caligraphy. The objective of the research is to reveal some facts that this Rumah Bubungan Tinggi as a material culture is used to display those who live in the houses and expose their social power in identity contestation. Keywords: Rumah Bubungan Tinggi, Islam, Banjar Kingdom, display, identity. 1 Introduction As stated by Shank and Tilley [1], the discussion on power according to the archaeology perspective has so far been related to ranking and control. Power is seen as something owned and moving in a top-down manner in a community. This paper will discuss power in a different perspective, meaning that power is seen from something which is not owned by an institution, but is a result of individual activities in any social activities.