LES SCIENCES MÉDICALES DU Xviie AU Xixe SIÈCLE MUSÉE DE LA CIVILISATION 9

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LES SCIENCES MÉDICALES DU Xviie AU Xixe SIÈCLE MUSÉE DE LA CIVILISATION 9 &s sciences medicales du XVIIe au XI"Xe siècle -Qq bibliothèque du Eéminaire de fuébec Diane Clément Martine Malenfant Sous la direction de Danielle Aubin Cette publication a été rendue possible Han nah I nst¡tute ro, t'8'fü?åJ'iäi Ïfi äii:i'lå Serv¡ce des archives et de la docurnentat¡on Direction de la recherche et de la conservation octobre t998 @ Q¡ébecer Ouvroge réolisé sous lo dilection de Danielle Aubin Recherche Diane Clément Martine Malenfant Nafhalie Martineau Recherche iconogrophique Lan Tran Rédoclion Martine Malenfant Lan Tran Mise en poges des lexles el imoges Linda Bélanger Dépôt légal - eibliorhèque narionate du euébec, 1998 Bibliothèque nationale du Québec rsBN 2-551-t90,45-2 @ Musée de la civilisation, Québec Le Musée de la civilisat¡on est subventionné par le ministère de la Culture et des Communications LEs scIENcEs MÉDIcAtEs DU XVile AU XXe sÈcu MUSÉE DE LA CIVIUSATIoN 2 Avont-propos L'espoir de guérir, I'espoir d'améliorer la qualité de vie et de soulager, I'espoir de vivre: I'essence même de la pratique médicale, qui sous différentes formes, existe depuis des siècles. Au Xvlle siècle, les Européens ont apporté, en lerre canadienne, leurs connaissances des sciences médicales pour soigner et assurer la survie de la population. Avec eux, des livres provenanf de pays aussi éloignés que l'ltalie et I'Allemagne. Des livres de penseurs, de scientifiques, de praticiens qui ont initié les fondements de la médecine moderne. Les ouvrages décrits dans Les sciences médicales du XVlte au xtxe siècle sont le reflet de l'émergence et de l'évolution d'une pratique, ici comme ailleurs. Au fil des pages, se succèdent des livres anciens utilisés à des fins de pratique et d'enseignement de la médecine. Des livres noyés dans un grand ensemble nommé La bibliothèque du Séminaire de Québec, des livres oubliés depuis longtemps. Le Musée de la civilisation les a regroupés, inventoriés et décrits pour les faire connaître et les mettre à la disposit¡on de tous, rendant ainsi hommage aux érudits, aux bibliophiles et aux enseignants qui ont permis de constituer cette source inestimable de recherche et de la conserver au fil du temps. Cette collection témoigne du savoir d'une époque, de pratiques médicales, de mélanges de plantes et d'herbes pour guérir, de la naissance et du développement de la médecine spécialisée. seaucoup d'efforts déployés pour combattre la maladie; comprendre les mécanismes du corps humain, son développement, ses réactions, sa pensée; innover en matière de pratique et découvrir décoctions, élixirs, potions, médicaments. Des sujets de recherche captivants rendus accessibles par cette publication, qui fait enfin connaître une collection de livres oubliés depuis plus d,un demi-siècle. Danielle Aubin, directrice Service des archives et de la documentation LEs sctENcEs MÉorcRlrs ou xvl" AU xlx. slÈclE vusÉE oE LA crvrusATroN lntroduction Les sciences médicales d'aujourd'hui sont le fruit de mulliples et longues recherches, de découvertes qui ont révolutionné la pratique médicale et augmenté I'espérance de vie des populations. Elles sont de plus en plus spécialisées et bénéficient d'une technologie sophistiquée devenue indispensable. Mais qu'en était-il de la pratique médicale au xvlte siècle? Le Musée de la civilisat¡on vous offre la possibilité de découvrir l'histoire des sciences médicales portant sur trois siècles par ce catalogue intitulé Les sciences médicates du XVIF au XIXe siècle. La bibliothèque du Séminoire de Québec. Cette collection de livres anciens met en évidence des auteurs de grande renommée, des titres parfois surprenants, des illustrations qui font foi des connaissances et de la pratique médicale. Cette publication répertorie 2 2oo titres pour près de 3 ooo volumes. Elle se divise en deux parties dont la première présente une liste bibliographique par auteur et la deuxième qui se veut un index des titres de la collection. Ces ouvrages informent sur la physiologie, I'analomie, la chirurgie, la médecine pratique, la pathologie, la pharmacopée, la médecine légale et bien d'autres encore. La bibliothèque du Séminaire de Québec, gérêe par le Musée de la civilisation depuis 1995, recèle des trésors pour la recherche sur maints sujets. Les sciences médicales du XVtte au XIXe sièc,le révèle la présence de a2 titres provenanl de la célèbre bibliothèque du Collège des Jésuites léguée au Séminaire de Québec par le père Casot, en tzgz.un nombre considérable de titres ont été ajoutés à la collection grâce au mandat d'enseignement universitaire du Séminaire de Québec dès 18s2, année de la fondation de I'Université Laval et de la faculté de médecine. En 1858, un important don de Sir George OKill Stuart, avocar, premier maire anglophone de Québec et juge, vient enrichir la colleoion de mille ouvrages provenant de la bibliothèque de feu le docteur Thomas Fargues. DiplÔmé en t797 de I'Université d'Edimbourg, Fargues obtint sa licence de pratique en t 799. ll dev¡ent entre autres, chirurgien général à I'Hôtel-Dieu, médecin des pensionnaires de l'Hôpital Général, des ursulines et de la prison du district de Québec, en plus de recruter une clientèle privée importante. Médecin de renommée, il suivait de près l'évolution de sa discipline et possédait l,une des bibliothèques médicales privées les mieux garnies du pays. ll faut retenir de ce catalogue qu'il recense la presque totalité des écrits sur les sciences médicales conservés au Canada depuis le Régime français jusqu'à l'aube du XXe siècle. On y retrouve les auteurs de LES scrENcES MÉDICALES DU xvle AU xxe $Ècl-E r¡usÉe oe LA crvrusATroN I'Antiquité représentés par Hippocrate, Galien, Aristote, à qui succèdent les grands auteurs célèbres des XVle et XVue siècles, tels que Descartes et Bacon. Parmi les figures dominantes clu XVlle siècle, citons Harvey, auteur de la grande découverte sur la circulation du sang; Thomas Bartholin, qui se rend illustre par ses découvertes anatomiques et Borelli, par son traité De Motu anìmolurn, en 1680. Mais I'un des plus célèbres médecins demeure le Dr Sydenham, qui meurt en 1689, après s'êlre êlevé, au plus haut degré ( d'illustration médicale > comme observateur. ll avait publié ses Obseruations médicales en t666 et ses Guures complètes en t 68s. L'époque de t 689 à l zoo est marquée par Morton, célèbre pour ses recherches sur la phtisie et son 'rraité des fièures inÍlammatoires. Les ceuvres sur I'art chirurgical reviennent aux plus habiles médecins praticiens Mauriceau et Dionis, en France; Magati, Marc-Aurèle Séverin, en ¡talie et Wiseman, en Angleterre. La documentation du XVllle siècle est abondante. Parmi quantité d'ouvrages ¡ntéressants, on y retrouve le premier volume des Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris publié en lTOl; Le Theoria medica uera de Stahl sur l'animisme; l'Histoirc de Ia médecine de Daniel Le Clerc publié en 1723: Bærhaave, le plus grand praticien de son temps, compose, en 1739, sa Doclrine Aphorisme; Hoffmann publie, en 17O8, Dissernfiones phgsico-medicas et, en 1739, La médecine raisonnée. Enfin, en 1749, sénac fait paraître son Traité du cæur. ua physiologie expérimentale renaît grâce à albert de Haller qui fait paraître, en lzs7, Elementa phgsiologiæ. corporis humani et, en lz6l, Le rraìté De sedibus et causis morborum per anantomen indagatis. En lzBt, Baudelocque se distingue paÍ L'Art des accouchements ou l,Obstétrique. Mauriceau, Lamothe, madame Boivin, Capuron et madame Lachapelle f¡gurent parmi les auteurs classiques spécialement nécessaires à l'étudiant et au médecin traitant. Avec Bichat, Bayle, Laennec, Dupuytren et les traités sur I'anatomie pathologique commence, pour la médecine, une ère nouvelle. Cette publication vous propose autant d'auteurs, de titres, de sujets les plus passionnants les uns que les autres, sur les sciences médicales et sur l'évolution du savoir dans notre société. LEs SCIENCES MÉDICALES DU XVII€ AU XIXô sIÈcLE MUSÉE DE LA CIVIUSATION Abott, S. A. - L'alcool, voilà l'ennemi! : plaidoyer en faveur de la prohibition du trafic des boissons enivrantes / par S.A. Abbott. - Montréal : [s.n.], 1883. - 98, [1] p. ; 22 cm. Cote : 459.3.29 Abeille, Jonas, 1809-. - Traité des hydropisies et des kystes ou des collections séreuses et mixtes dans les cavités closes naturelles et accidentelles / par J. Abeille. - A Paris : Chez J.B. Baillière, libraire, 1852. - vii, 636 p. ; 22 cm. Cote : 456.6.3 Abercrombie, John, 1780-1844. - Pathological and practical researches on diseases of the brain and the spinal cord / by John Abercrombie. - 1st American from the 2nd Edinburgh ed., enl. - Philadelphia : Carey & Lea, 1831. - xix, [23]-464 p. ; 25 cm. Cote : 459.1.26 Abercrombie, John, 1780-1844. - Pathological and practical researches on diseases of the brain and the spinal cord / by John Abercrombie. - 2nd American, from the 3rd Edinburgh ed., enl. - Philadelphia : Carey, Lea and Blanchard, 1836. - xiv, 383, [8] p. ; 23 cm. Cote : 459.1.27 Abercrombie, John, 1780-1844. - Pathological and practical researches on diseases of the brain and the spinal cord / by John Abercrombie. - New ed., enl. by the author. - Philadelphia : Lea and Blanchard, 1843. - xvi, [17]- 324, 32 p. ; 24 cm. Cote : 459.2.1 Abercrombie, John, 1780-1844. - Pathological and practical researches on diseases of the stomach, the intestinal canal, the liver, and other viscera of the abdomen / by John Abercrombie. - Philadelphia : Carey and Lea, 1830. - xxiv, [25]-416 p. ; 25 cm. Cote : 459.4.23 Abercrombie, John, 1780-1844. - Pathological and practical researches on diseases of the stomach, the intestinal canal, the liver, and other viscera of the abdomen / by John Abercrombie. - 3rd American from the 2nd London ed., enl. - Philadelphia : Carey, Lea and Blanchard, 1838. - xx, [21]-320 p. ; 23 cm. Cote : 459.5.1 Abernethy, John, 1764-1831 ; Royal College of Surgeons of London.
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