Usos Do Disco, Do Rádio E Da História Da Música Como Instrumentos De Educação E Divulgação Musicais

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Usos Do Disco, Do Rádio E Da História Da Música Como Instrumentos De Educação E Divulgação Musicais SAID TUMA “Elevar o nível” e “frear” a decadência do gosto: usos do disco, do rádio e da história da música como instrumentos de educação e divulgação musicais SÃO PAULO 2017 2 SAID TUMA “Elevar o nível” e “frear” a decadência do gosto: usos do disco, do rádio e da história da música como instrumentos de educação e divulgação musicais Versão Corrigida Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Música, Área de Concentração Musicologia, Linha de Pesquisa Musicologia e Etnomusicologia da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Música, sob orientação do prof. Dr. Mário Rodrigues Videira Júnior SÃO PAULO 2017 3 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. 4 TUMA, Said. “Elevar o nível” e “frear” a decadência do gosto: usos do disco, do rádio e da história da música como instrumentos de educação e divulgação musicais. 2017. 217 f. Tese (Doutorado em Música) – Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. Aprovado em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. _____________________________________________________ Instituição: _____________________________________________________ Julgamento: _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. _____________________________________________________ Instituição: _____________________________________________________ Julgamento: _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. _____________________________________________________ Instituição: _____________________________________________________ Julgamento: _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. _____________________________________________________ Instituição: _____________________________________________________ Julgamento: _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. _____________________________________________________ Instituição: _____________________________________________________ Julgamento: _____________________________________________________ 5 AGRADECIMENTOS À Comissão de Bolsas da Escola de Comunicações e Artes pela concessão da bolsa Capes; Ao professor Mário Videira por aceitar o pedido para ser o orientador deste trabalho e pela confiança em mim depositada; Ao professor Eduardo Monteiro, meu orientador durante o mestrado, pelo interesse permanente e o encorajamento para a realização do doutorado; Aos professores Lilia Schwarcz e Marcos Branda Lacerda, pela meticulosa leitura do Relatório de Qualificação e pelas preciosas sugestões por ocasião do Exame de Qualificação; À banca examinadora da defesa, formada pelos professores Alberto Ikeda, Lilia Schwarcz, Paulo Iumatti e Flávia Toni, pela leitura atenta da tese e pelas contribuições inspiradoras. Muitas delas abriram para mim novos horizontes de pesquisa; Aos professores Ana Paula Simioni e Paulo Iumatti pela leitura tão cuidadosa de meu projeto de pesquisa e pelas inúmeras sugestões apresentadas no decorrer da disciplina “Estudos Brasileiros: Projetos e Metodologias”; Aos professores Lilia Schwarcz e João Felipe Gonçalves pelo acolhida tão calorosa quando participei da disciplina “Antropologia do Tempo e da Temporalidade” por eles ministrada. Agradeço a eles também a atenção com que acompanharam o desenvolvimento da monografia final, de onde tirei muitas ideias para este trabalho; À professora Flávia Toni pela presença constante e à generosidade de compartilhar tantos materiais preciosos; Ao Dante Cavalheiro pelas discas preciosas sobre histórias da música; Aos funcionários da Biblioteca do IEB – Daniela, Márcia e Flávio – e ao pessoal do Arquivo – Bete, Denise, Patrícia, Paulo e Dona Joana –, pela atenção constante e a eficiência com que responderam às minhas solicitações. Ao pessoal do Arquivo agradeço também a oportunidade muito especial de ter trabalhado com eles na catalogação de um conjunto de partituras; 6 Aos funcionários das várias divisões do Centro Cultural São Paulo – Discoteca Oneyda Alvarenga, Arquivo Histórico e Arquivo de Multimeios – e, em especial, à Jéssica e ao Marçal, pela atenção constante e pela generosidade de apresentarem muitos materiais novos, muitos deles verdadeiras novidades para mim; Aos amigos queridos! Ao Sérgio, ao Marcelo, à Carol e ao Eduardo. Agradeço a vocês por tantos momentos especiais que passamos juntos! Ao Eduardo, em especial, agradeço pelo carinho com que dividiu comigo a organização dos saraus, as inúmeras conversas e as coisas novas que me levou a conhecer! Às queridas Giuliana, Juliana e Virgínia: fontes permanentes de inspiração! À Juliana e à Virgínia agradeço especialmente as leituras tão meticulosas deste e de outros trabalhos. Ao Pedro Fragelli pelo estímulo e pelas sugestões de leituras. Ao Joel, pela amizade e sobretudo pela paciência (!!) de me ajudar na transcrição de tantos textos escritos pelos autores aqui estudados. À Lyka, à Selminha, à Camila, ao Marcel, ao Marcelo Queiroz, à Adriana, à Fátima, à Rose e ao Edílson, que perto ou longe são sempre grandes companheiros! Ao Roberto por tornar – com suas maravilhosas massas e boa conversa – mais gostosa a vida na “árida” São Paulo! E aos alunos-amigos, Lívia, Vera, Carolina, Vinícius, com quem tanto tenho aprendido! À Kátia, pela presença constante ao longo dos últimos nove anos. Aos meus irmãos Fabíola e Thiago! E de modo muito especial ao André, que infelizmente nos deixou no final de 2015 de modo inesperado. Sua generosidade amenizou tantos momentos difíceis que tive que enfrentar, particularmente, durante os longos quatro anos de pesquisa! Aos meus pais, Vera e Said, pelo dom da vida e o apoio constante! 7 RESUMO Neste trabalho investigaram-se os usos que um grupo de atores sociais ligados à música clássica fizeram do disco, do rádio e da história da música como instrumentos de educação e divulgação musicais. A investigação se concentrou no arco temporal compreendido entre os anos de 1922 a 1945. Como preocupação metodológica procurou-se levar em conta a rica semântica do termo “história da música”, conceito investigado por meio dos periódicos consultados. Privilegiou-se uma orientação interdisciplinar para o tratamento das questões levantadas. Utilizou-se como fontes primárias um conjunto de periódicos brasileiros especializados em música, além de cartas, documentos oficiais, entrevistas, depoimentos e materiais impressos de apoio a programas de rádio. Como fontes bibliográficas destacaram-se obras de história cultural, musicologia e etnomusicologia. Como resultado da investigação, constatou-se a centralidade dos novos meios tecnológicos (disco e rádio) na pauta das discussões dos especialistas musicais. Verificou-se a importância da questão pedagógica e da divulgação em inúmeras iniciativas desses atores sociais, bem como uma produção significativa de trabalhos de história da música com objetivo de “vulgarização”. O levantamento permitiu identificar também certo caráter autoritário nas ações dos promotores da música de concertos, comportamento caracterizado pela desconfiança e até certo desprezo pelas práticas musicais dos indivíduos visados por tais iniciativas. Perceberam-se também algumas mudanças no horizonte de escrita da história da música, em favor de uma orientação científica e de maior especialização para o pesquisador musical. Palavras-chave: História da música. Disco. Rádio. Musicologia. 8 ABSTRACT This study investigates the uses, made by a group of social actors related to classical music, of the records, radio and music history as instruments of music education and popularization. The investigation is focused on the time period from 1922 to 1945. As a methodological concern, we have taken into account the rich semantics of the expression “music history”, a concept investigated by means of the periodicals consulted. An interdisciplinary orientation was favored for the treatments of the issues raised. The author used as primary sources an ensemble of Brazilian periodicals specializing in music, besides letters, official documents, interviews, testimonies and printed materials supporting radio programs. Bibliographical sources included particular works of cultural history, musicology and ethnomusicology. As a result of the investigation, the study evidenced the centrality of the new technological media (record and radio) in music specialists’ discussion agenda. It was demonstrated the importance of the pedagogical issue and of the broadcasting in numberless initiatives of those social actors, as well as a significant production of music history works with the purpose of “vulgarization”. The research allowed us to identify also some authoritarian features in the actions of promoters of concert music, a behavior characterized by the mistrust and even certain contempt for the musical practices of the individuals targeted by such initiatives. It was possible to notice also some changes in the horizon of the writing of music history, in favor of a scientific approach and a greater specialization for music researchers. Keywords: Music History. Record. Radio. Musicology. 9 SUMÁRIO SUMÁRIO ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................................................11 UM PERCURSO INESPERADO ....................................................................................................................................
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