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Home , Burgenland, Dravograd, Lavanttal, Styria (Slovenia)

THE QUESTION OF 200.000 YUGOSL.AVS IN

BEOGRAD 1947 THE SLOVENE AND THE BURGENLAND

BEOGRAD 1947 D 3 1 -07- 2012/3 З Н MEMORANDUM of the Government of the Federative People’s Republic of on Slovene Carinthia, the Slovene frontier areas of and the Croats of Burgenland According to the decision of the Council of Foreign Ministers taken on December 11, 1946, in New York, - the preliminary work for the peace treaty with Austria has begun. In view of this fact, the Government of the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia deem it necessary, in connection with the claims already submitted to the Council of Foreign Ministers in the Memorandum of February 18, 1946, to state their general views on the question of the settling of relations between the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia and the re-established Austrian State. I 1) The declaration of the Moscow Conference of October 1943 should be the starting point for all the Allied and the Associated Powers when determining their relations with post-war Austria. Two principles had been laid down in this decla­ ration: The re-establishing of independent Austria and the responsibility of Austria for taking part in the war on the side of Hitlerite Germany. 2) Accepting fully both principles of the Moscow Declaration, which are inse­ parable, the Government of the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia wish to point out, that the responsibility and guilt of Austria for her participation in the war on the side of Hitlerite Germany consists: a) in th e making of plans and preparations for the aggres­ sion against Yugoslavia, for the annexation of Yugoslav territories and the of the Yugoslav popula­ tion. Such plans and preparations had been .made in Austria already before the . They consisted in the revival of the old Austrian ideology on the right of the to germanise Yugoslav lands, in the founding and spreading ■ of the Nazi theory on the necessity of the annihilation of the Slovene people, in the bringing up of special cadres for the regime of occupation and for the carrying out of the policy of germanisation in Yugoslavia, in the creation of special Austrian centres for the organisation of the Fifth Columm etc. All the above-stated, as well as other, preparations were strengthened even further after the Anschluss; b)in the all-round participation in the Hitlerite aggres­ sion against Yugoslavia. Without resistance Austria became the principal military base, whence Hitlerite Germany launched her attack against Yugoslavia on April 6, 1941. The whole economic potential of Austria became a component part of the Hitlerite war potential, without resistance, too, and served fully the Hitlerite war machine. The officers commanding the Hitlerite troops, which had attacked Yugoslavia, were to a large extent . These troops were led by Austrian generals, who besides other plans, made the one for the bombing of Belgrade and carried it out. Austrian military formations and Austrian soldiers became part of the Hitlerite army and participated in the agression against and occupation of Yugoslavia. c)in the occupation of Yugoslav territories and the com­ mitting of war crimes aga;inst the Yugoslav population. The military, Gestapo, administrative and economic personnel in the occupied territories of Yugoslavia was organised by and consisted mostly of Austrians, who, together with Germans from the Reich, committed appalling crimes against the Yugoslav population (mass slaughters, bestial tortures, shooting of hostages, concentration camps, forced labour in Austria and Germany, deportation of the Yugoslav popula­ tion etc.) and plundered Yugoslav property, which was taken in the first place to Austria. 3) The Government of the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia consider, that the causes for such a participation of Austria in the Hitlerite aggression against Yugoslavia and in the committing of such crimes against the Yugoslav peoples are to be found in the old Austrian tendencies to enslave the Yugoslav peoples, to wrench Yugoslav national territories, to germanise forcibly the Yugoslav population, tenden­ cies which did not disappear in the Austria created after , but, on the contrary, continued to develop and grow, not only on account of the existence of aggressive forces in Austria itself, but also on account of a series of international circumstances. Among these circumstances, the leaving of a large part of the Slovene national territory — Slovene Carinthia and the Slovene frontier areas in Styria — under the Austrian yoke, and the abandonment of the Croats in Burgendland to ruhtless Austrian oppression, is of a paramount significance. Instead of putting an end, after World War I, to the age-long oppression of the Yugoslav peoples and the germani­ sation of Yugoslav territories by Austria, and thus dealing a death blow to her aggressive and expansionistic forces, the leaving of Slovene Carinthia and of the Croats of Burgenland under the Austrian rule raised the hopes of these aggressive forces, that they could continue their policy of conquest and germanisation of other Yugoslav territories, thus rendering the further oppression and forcible denationali­ sation of the of Carinthia and the Croats of Burgenland possible. Not only this fact — the leaving of Slovene Carinthia, of the Slovene areas of Styria, and of the Croats of Burgenland under the Austrian yoke — but also the way in which this enslavement was given an international sanction, strengthened and emboldened the aggressive and expansionistic forces of Austria. The decision to hold a plebiscite in Carinthia, taken at St. Germain in 1919, sanctioned a state of affairs created by age-long germanisation; it gave formally the same rights to the germa- nisers and their Yugoslav victims, but, in fact, it favoured the germanisers by leaving their economic, social and political positions, obtained by force, untouched; it inflicted a crying injustice on Yugoslavia, and created a more favourable situation for Austria, because it separated without justification from the plebiscite territory a purely Slo­ vene territory, the Zila Valley (Gailtal), handing it to Austria, and the predominatly Slovene territory of the Kanal Valley (Valcanale), handing it to , and the Mežica Valley and Jezersko, also purely Slovene territories, handing them to Yugoslavia before the plebiscite, thus reducing artificially and according to plan the number of Slovenes; the drawing of the plebiscite lines (the separation of economic centres) enabled the germanisers to augment their political and economic pressure on the Slovene inhabitants and exploit, in favour of Austria, their economic dependence on the Austrian industrialists and big landowners; by a series of administrative and technical measures it rendered possible gross forgeries in favour of Austria; finally, in spite of the resuit, which — under such conditions — gave Austria 59% (22.025) of votes, and Yugoslavia 41% (15.279), the whole plebiscite area was Jianded over to Austria. The fate of Slovene Carinthia, after World War I, was greatly affected by the interference of imperialistic Italy, who strongly supported the Austrian pretensions. it was Italy who insisted that a large part of Slovene Carinthia, the Zila Valley, should become a part of Austria, and the Kanal Valley, a part of Italy, without any plebiscite. Italy, as the nearest of the great powers carrying out the plebiscite, gave Austria other advantages, which enabled her to seize Slovene Carinthia. Slovene Carinthia, on account of its geographic position, was a good base for an attack on Yugoslavia, and this was one of the reasons for the insistance of Italy, that Austria should become a partner in her aggressive plans for the encirclement of Yugoslavia. Later, Slovene Carinthia became the starting point for the linking up of Italian and German expansionistic tendencies directed towards the Balkans. The sanctioning of the age-long germanisation and conquest of Slav territories by Austria, encouraged the Teutonic expansion towards the East, paving the way to the policy of Munich and the breaking out of World War II. 4) Bearing in mind the decisions of the Anti-Hitlerite Coalition, the interests of peace and the creation of democratic and good relations between Yugoslavia and Austria, the Government of the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia consider it necessary to liquidate the sources of aggression in Austria. Every hindering of the union of Slovene Carinthia and the Slovene areas of Styria with the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia, and the denying of the rights of the Croats of Burgenland, is not only a support given to the Austrian and Nazi aggressive germa- nising traditions, but is a hindrance for the true democratisation of Austria, the building of her free and independent state, and the establishment of correct relations with Yugoslavia, with which she is bound to co-operate closely. mz* 1

9 ^*>»/0»«^ The Government of the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia base their demand for the union of Slovene Carinthia and the Slovene areas of Styria with Yugoslavia, and the protection of the national rights of the , which derive from the principles and decisions of the Anti-Hitlerite Coalition and are inspired by the interest of building a democratic peace, on historical, ethnical, geo­ graphic and economic facts, and the contribution of the peoples of Yugoslavia, and of the Yugoslavs in Austria in particular, to the struggle against the German aggres­ sors. These facts were already exposed in the Memorandum of February 18, 1946 The Government of the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia deem it necessaiy to point out again: 1) The present-day Slovene Carinthia is only a remnant of the former, several times larger, Slovene territory. Austria wrenched a large part of this territory by force from the Slovene people and germanised it. The first Slovene state — Caran- tania — was situated on this territory. Slovene Carinthia was the centre of this state, to which the rich traditions of the Slovene people are bound; it was in the Middle Ages the cradle of the Slovene state independence and of the Slovene people. It always took an active part in the political and cultural life of the Slovene people.' In modern times, Slovene Carinthia was one of the centres of the cultural life of , which played an important role in the forming of the Slovene nation. 2) In spite of the age-long germanisation to which it was exposed, Slovene Carinthia survived as a compact Slovene ethnical territory. It is inhabited to-day by 120.000 Slovenes, forming a compact mass. The 60.000 Germans, who live mostly in towns, are the result and living examples of age-long forcible germanisation. 3) It is characteristic of the geographic position of Slovene Carinthia, that it is open towards the South-East, i. e. towards Yugoslavia, where all its natural and traditional lines of communication lead. Economically Slovene Carinthia developed as a complementary part of Slovene economy. The separation of Slovene Carinthia, after World War I, from the other Slovene regions, i. e. from Yugoslavia, and its annexation to Austria, meant not only an interruption of its normal and natural economic development, but also had as its consequence the deterioration and decay of a whole series of branches of its economy. 4) After World War I the Treaty of St. Germain inflicted on Yugoslavia another injustice, by giving to Austria the Slovene frontier areas in Styria, the com­ mune of Sobota (Soboth), the region of Lučane (Leutschach) and the Radgona (Rad- kersburg) triangle. • Out of a total population of 10.000, 6.000 Slovenes live in this area and they have preserved their national consciousness, their language and national culture. Their fate in Austria was the same as that of the Carinthian Slovenes. ' 5) Contrary to all obligations undertaken with regard to the rights of the minorities, Austria ruthlessly attacked the vital and national rights of the Burgenland Croats, who live in the eastern part of Austria, in Burgenland. They inhabited a wide area. To-day there have remained 70.000. Prior to the downfall of the Austro- Hungarian Monarchy they were exposed to the pressure of both the Hungarian ržgimes and their German surroundings, while under the Austria of St. Germain and in the Nazi they were subjected to deliberate and planned germanisation. The Croat language was systematically eliminated from their schools and from public life, and the imposed. Their social, economic and political orga­ nisation was hindered and rendered impossible by various administrative and forcible measures, which provoked their strong and conscious resistance, especially during World War II. In spite of the forcible denationalisation the Burgenland Croats pre­ served their national consciousness, their language, customs and constant relations with their Croat homeland. 6) The Jugoslav peoples, who have been for centuries the victims of German violence, who suffered the loss of large territories and saw the denationalisation of a large part of their population by the German conquerors, have the right to ask, that 200.000 of their brothers should not be any longer in Austria and be exposed to national oppression and germanisation. They have this right also on account of their participation in the war, on account of their sacrifices, on account of their contribution towards the victory over , on account of the age-long struggle of the Carinthian Slovenes and Burgenland Croats against German oppres­ sion and, especially, in view of their struggle against nazism and Hitlerite aggression. We have to point out the fact that Slovene Carinthia was the only region within the Third Reich, where the Slovene people, and the Slovene people alone, began the armed struggle against Hitlerite Germany in the belief that the victory of the Allies would bring them national liberation, as promised in all the declarations of the anti- Hitlerite Coalition. The democratic struggle of the Yugoslavs in Austria for their national rights and for the union of Slovene Carinthia and of the Slovene frontier areas of Styria to Yugoslavia, made a greater contribution to the war effort of the anti-Hitlerite Coalition than the whole of the population of Austria. Therefore, the Government of the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia, stating in the enclosed annexes the facts on the participation of Austria in the Hitlerite aggression against and the occupation of Yugoslavia, on the national liberation struggle of the Carinthian Slovenes, on the ethnical character of Slovene Carinthia (with the ethnographic atlas enclosed), on the history of the Carinthian Slovenes, on the geographic and economic ties of the claimed territory with Yugoslavia, on the Croats of Burgenland,* have the honour to submit th e following claims: 1) that Slovene Carinthia, with a surface of 2470 km2 and 180.000 inhabitants, and the Slovene frontier areas in Styria, with a surface of approximately 130 km2 and 10.000 inhabitants, be united to Yugoslavia and a new delimitation of the frontier be carried out along the line: from point 1496 in the Karn Alps (Karnische Alpen), along the gorge of the Krnica (Garnitzen), to the confluence of the Krnica and the Zila (Gail), then in a north-easterly direction to point 952 (Hohe Wand) and Negal (Spitzegel, 2118) in the Zila Alps (Gailtaler Alpen), along the ridge of the Zila Alps to Špicek (1329) and across the Beli Potok (Weissenbach) to Bukovnik (Buchberg, 662), further along the from point . 493, north of Gornja Bela (Obervellach), to the village of Dole (Duel), east of the mouth of the Zila;

* All these Annexes were enclosed to the Memorandum submitted by the Government of the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia to the Deputies of the Foreign Ministers at their session in London in January 1947. from there in a northern direction to point 852 on Osojske Ture (Ossiacher Tauern), along the ridge of Osojske Ture eastwards to Golimje (Gallinberg, 1045), over šenturška Gora (St. Ulrichsberg, 1015), šentlenška Gora (Magdalensberg, 1056), along points 1074 and 1079 to the Krka (Gurk), crossing it to the south of the village of Šent Janž na Mostiču (St. Johann am Brückl); from the Krka over point 1225 to Zapotnikova Peč (Sapotnig Ofen, 1413), and along the ridge of Svinška Planina (Saualpe) to point 1899 (Speikkogl); thence the line descends south-eastwards over point 1218 near Sv. Lenart (St. Leonhard), comprising the valley of Gradnica (Granitz) and Sent Pavel (St. Paul) in the Laboška Valley (Lavanttal), climbs the Brandel (1448) and runs along the ridge to the top of Golica (Koralpe, 2144); thence it descends along the watershed between the Drava and Mura comprising the commune of Sobota (Soboth), to a point on the former frontier southeast of Hadernik (Hadernig, 1083); it leaves this frontier again at point 697, southeast of the village of Arvež (Arnfels), and goes to Kamajer (Kameier Kogl), runs over the Karnarjev Vrh (Karner Kogl), along the watershed between the (Pössnitz) and Gomilica (Gamlitz), to a point on the former frontier near Slatina; finally, it leaves the frontier again at point 209 on the Mura, north of the village of , leaving the Radgona (Radkersburg) triangle to Yugoslavia, following a line west of the villages of Farovci (Pfarrsdorf) and Pridova (Pridahof), and then reaches the former frontier to the northwest of the village of Korovci; 2) that the further germanisation of the Burgenland Croats be prevented and their question settled either by the granting of a special statute guaranteeing their national rights, or — as proposed by the Government of the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia for the other Yugoslavs who would still remain in Austria — by an exchange of populations; i.e. their exchange with the Austrian minority, which the new frontier would leave in Yugoslavia and which is, of course, nothing else but the result of the forcible germanisation of the last decades. Conscious of the great contribution she made to the common victory over the fascist invaders, Yugoslavia is expecting with full right that the Allies fulfil her just chaims with regard to Slovene Carinthia, the Slovene frontier areas in Styria and the Burgenland Croats, especially in view of the fact, that her justified demands had not been given due consideration in the drafting of the peace treaties so far. The Yugoslav Government hope that the Federative People’s Republic of Yugoslavia shall not be exposed to the same treatment again.

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF SLOVENE CARINTHIA. Slovene Carinthia represents 10% of the present-day Slovene ethnical territory and only 3% of the entire Austrian state territory. There live in Slovene Carinthia 8 % of all the Slovenes and only \ % of all the Austrians. Geographical position of Slovene Carinthia

1 = Austria 2 ~ Slovene Carinthia MAP OF CARINTHIA. Slovene Carinthia covers 2470 km2 — one tenth of the entire Slovene ethnical territory. It is inhabited by 120.000 Slovenes — 8 % of the entire Slovene people. 13° Es* de Greenwich

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Austrian frontier 1920-1937 Frontier of the Austrian Frontier proposed by ■ Province of Carinthia Yugoslavia SLOVENE-INHABITED PARTS OF STYRIA ALONG THE FRONTIER, CLAIMED BY YUGOSLAVIA. The three rectifications of the frontier: at Sobota (Soboth), Lučane (Leutschach) and Radgona (Radkersburg) amount altogether to 130 km*. These regions gravitate geographically and economically towards Yugo­ slavia. They are inhabited by 10.000 people of whom 6.000 are Slovenes. Slovene border districts of Styria

1.'600.000 SLOVENE CARINTHIA IS BUT A SMALL RESIDUE OF THE ONCE LARGE SLOVENE ETHNICAL TERRITORY IN PRESENT-DAY AUSTRIA. The territory inhabited by Slovenes covered, through centuries, approxi­ mately one half of the present-day Austrian state territory (38.000 km2 out of 83.000). The first Slovene in dependant state — Carantania whose center was on the territory of the present-day Slovene Carinthia — covered almost all this ethnical territory. Owing to German oppression in the course of the Middle Ages the Slovenes lost a great part of their former ethnical territory. Slovene Duchy of Carantania and Slovene ethnic territory in the IXth century

1 = Present-day Slovene 2 = Slovene ethnic territory 3 = Carinthlan Slovenes ethnic territory In the IXth century 5 = Western and northern 4 = Croats border of the Slovene Duchy of Carantania about the year 800 ETHNICAL BOUNDARY BETWEEN SLOVENES AND GERMANS AS ESTABLISHED BY THE GERMAN AUTHOR IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XlXth CENTURY. Ten descriptions of the Slovene-German boundary in Carinthia from the first half and the middle of the XlXth century are completely con­ cordant to affirm that the basin of Celovec (Klagenfurt) and the eastern part of the Zilja valley (G'ailtaH) were a part of the compact Slovene ethnic territory. One of these sources is represented on this map. This ethnical boundary was drawn in 1847 by the German historian Wagner for his book: Wagner, Das Herzogtum Kärnten, 1847 (cf. Carinthia I 109, 1919, p. 73). Ethnical boundary between Slovenes and Germans according to the Austrian historian Wagner

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1:1 250.000 OFFICIAL DATA CONCERNING THE LANGUAGE USED IN CHURCH PROVE EVEN TO-DAY THE SLOVENE ETHNICAL CHARACTER OF SLOVENE CARINTHIA. According to official data on the language used in church in Slovene Carinthia collected by the Heimatbund, the very agency of Germanizatipn', the was used in 1935 in 41 parishes in Slovene Carinthia; in addition to a few border parishes German was used beside Slovenian' in only 6 parishes in the interior of Slovene Carinthia. The German language was only introduced there in the course of these last decades under' pressure of Germanization and owing to the assistance of Bishop Hefter, a German from Bavaria. Language spoken in Slovene parishes in 1935

Slovene parishes Slovene—German German parishes Southern boundary of Northern boundary of parishes German parishes parishes set forth in the « according to the „Geistli­ list of the ,,Heimatbund cher Personalstand der Diözese Gurk" of 1922 CONSPECTUS OF THE RESULTS OF OFFICIAL AUSTRIAN CENSUSES IN SLOVENE CARINT1HA FROM 1880 TO 1934. Desirous of justifying their rule over the Carinthian Slovenes, the Austrians falsified censuses and constantly diminished therein the number of Carinthian Slovenes, Even the Austrians admitted in their first censuses that the Slovenes represented a compact ethnical majority in Slovene Carinthia. Conspectus of the results of official Austrian censuses from 1880 to 1934

1 — More than 50 per cent 2 — Less than 50 per cent of Slovenes of Slovenes ETHNICAL STRUCTURE OF SLOVENE CARINTHIA IN 1910 ACCORDING TO THE MOTHER TONGUE OF THE INHABITANTS. The results of the Slovene national cadastre of 1910 established on the basis of the mother tongue concord entirely with the result of scientific calculations concerning the changes of the ethnical structure of Slovene Carinthia based on official data relating to the demographic development and to migrations in this province. Consequently, there were in 1910 144.000 inhabitants in Slovene Carinthia of whom 107.000 were Slovenes. Ethnical structure of Slovene Carinthia in 1910 according to the Slovene national cadastre

10S—98% 90—70% 50 -30% 30—10% ETHNICAL STRUCTURE OF SLOVENE CARINTHIA IN 184Г) ACCORDING TO JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. It has been established on the basis of the first Austrian official sta­ tistics (of 1846) that Slovene Carinthia had altogether 113.622 inhabitants of whom 103.200 were Slovenes and only 10.422 Germans. Consequently, Slovene Carinthia was an entirely Slovene land. Ethnical structure of Slovene Carinthia in 1846

Territory entirely popu- Territory with a Slovene Territory with a small Territory with a German lated by Slovene^ majority Slovene minority majority ETHNICAL STRUCTURE OF SLOVENE CARINTHIA IN 1934 ACCORDING TO THE LANGUAGE IN USE AT HOME. According to the Slovene natinal cadastre for 1933/34, wholly establi­ shed as to the territory assigned to bilingual schools (because of the pres­ sure o f' Germanization only a part of the Carinthian Slovenes could be taken into account), it is clear that Slovene Carinthia is still to-day a compact Slovene territory. The Slovenes represent 85% of the entire popu­ lation living on the territory assigned tio utraquist schools. This result concords entirely with official Austrian data concerning the percentage of Slovene children in primary schools. Ethnical structure of Slovene Carinthia according to the Slovene national cadastre carried out in 1933/34

100-90% 90-700/, 70 - 50-% 50 -30% 30-10% 10—0% UTRAQUIST SCHOOLS ACCORDING TO THE DECREE OF THE CARINTHIAN PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT DATED OCTOBER 31st, 1945 The Carinthian Provincial Government decided, by their Decree of October 31st, 1945, that utraquist (bilingual) schools should be reintroduced for the benefit of Slovene children on almost the entire territory of Slovene Carinthia, Thus even the present Carinthian Provincial Government admitted that Slovene Carinthia is still a compact Slovene territory; still1, this decree has no practical importance whatsoever because utraquist schools in Carinthia are, as a matter of fact, only a means towards Germanization. Utraquist schools according to the regulation of the Carinthian Provincial Government of October 31, 1945

The territory of utraquist schools SETTLEMENTS OF CROATS IN GRADIŠČE (BURGENLAND). There live about 70.000 Croats in Gradišče (Burgenland). They are being systematically Germanized and they ask that their national survival be secured. The Croats of Burgenland

1 * Austro-Hungarian frontier 2 = Western frontier of the of 1921 Austrian province of Burgenland 3 * Yugoslav frontier 4 = Croat settlements FIGHTS OF . Slovene Partisan units had to their credit more than 600 fights with the German Army from 1942 until the capitulation of Germany. In the course of these fights more than 10.000 enemy soldiers were disabled. The Slovene Partisans fought all over Slovene Carinthia and in the Styrian borderland. The contribution of Carinthian Slovenes to the war effort of the anti- Nazi coalition was far superior to the war effort of all Austrians put together. Fights of Slovene Partisans

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Austrian frontier 1920—1937 Localities where Committees of the Liberation Front were organized before the capitulation of Germany LIBERATED TERRITORY IN SLOVENE CARINTHIA IN 1944. Already before the capitulation of Germany the Carinthian Slovenes liberated, fighting the Nazis under the most difficult conditions, large tracts of Slovene Carinthia so that it may for ever remain united with other . National Liberation struggle of Carinthian Slovenes

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p------ч z .Austrian frontier 1920-1937 Territory controlled by © «Я S Partisans £ l i l Z j LIBERATION OF SLOVENE CARINTHIA IN 194 Towards the end of the war Slovene Partisans in Carinthia liberated, leaning on the IVth Operational Zone of, the Yugoslav Army, almost all Slovene Carinthia even before the arrival’of allied armies. Liberation of Slovene Carinthia

Other units of the Yugoslav Army HYDROLOGICAL UNITY OF POWER STATIONS ON THE DRAVE BETWEEN BELJAK (VILLACH) AND . There are 5 constructed and 11 projected power stations on the Drave between Beljak and Maribor. They can only be made use of if they are controlled ty the same authority. The power stations above Dravograd were constructed by the Germans during the war, not in order to meet the needs of the Austrian economy but for the benefit of the German war industry. System of power stations on the Drave between Beljak (Villach) and Maribor I . ____ ЛЈ ■ ------

1 = High tension lines 110 KW 2 - High tension lines 110 KW under construction 3 = Power station already built 4 = Projected power station 5 = Austrian frontier 1920—1937 CONSEQUENCES OF THE DISRUPTION OF THE HYDROLOGICAL UNITY OF THE DRAVE POWER STATIONS. Great damage is suffered by the Yugoslav economy because of the division of the Drave power stations between two countries. The Austrian regime of the Drave watercourse engenders fluctuations in the flow of the river. The productivity of Yugoslav power stations situated down-stream is therefore quite considerably reduced. Fluctuations of the flow of the Drave at Dravograd in February 1946 THE DRAVE IS COMPLEMENTARY TO OTHER YUGOSLAV RIVERS AS SOURCE OF WATER-POWER. * The Drave is the most powerful of all Yugoslav rivers. Its flow is greatest at a season when that of other Yugoslav rivers declines (beginning of May — beginning of August). Austrian rivers rise and fall simultaneously with tne Drave; besides, Austria has — proportionately — three times more water-power than Yugoslavia. Water-power of the Drave, Save, Soča (Isonzo) and Cetina

K W o J f M Л M J J a S O N D Comparison of monthly averages THE ABSURDITY OF THE RADGONA TRIANGLE. The frontier drawn in 1919 tore Radgona (Radkersburg) away from the Yugoslav territory of which it is the natural urban centre. The Radgona Triangle