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The History of the Church of the Brethren in the District of North and South Carolina

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The History of the Church of the Brethren in the District of North and South Carolina DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Th© BingtknBini m. A© CairolMai : THE BRETHREN IN THE CAROLINAS THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN IN THE DISTRICT OF NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA ROGER E. SAPPINGTON D-V. ScU TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ^Fage Preface viii Introduction xii I The Eighteenth Century Beginnings 1 The Beginning of the Church in Germany 1 The Beginning of the Church in America 3 The Beginning of the Church in the Carolinas 4 Catawba, North Carolina 6 Ewarry, North Carolina Yadkin, North Carolina 19 Beaver Creek, South Carolina 26 Clouds Creek, South Carolina 30 Edisto, South Carolina 31 Broad River, South Carolina 36 Tuchosokin, Georgia 39 Dutchman's Creek, North Carolina 42 Fraternity, North Carolina 48 Universalism in the Carolinas 54 Building Meeting Houses in the Carolinas 76 Fraternity Again 79 Ashe County, North Carolina In Summary 93 II The Nineteenth Century Growth 95 Fraternity 95 Ashe-Alleghany Counties 101 Peak Creek 103 Pleasant Valley 104 Mt. Carmel 104 Three Top 105 Long Hope 105 Flat Rock 106 Mitchell County 108 Pleasant Grove 110 Bailey 111 Brummetts Creek ill Polk County 113 Mill Creek 11") Green River Cove 116 Brooklyn 116 Eastern North Carolina 1 18 Oak Grove 118 In Summary 119 III The Twentieth Century Maturity 121 Ashe-Alleghany Counties 122 Flat Rock 122 Peak Creek 126 Pleasant Valley 131 Mt. Carmel 133 Long Hope 137 Blue Ridge 138 White Rock 140 New Bethel 141 Little Pine 142 Mountain View 147 Rowland Creek 148 New Haven 149 Lowmans Valley 153 Mt. Olive 155 Riverside 155 Friendship-North Wilkesboro 156 Mt. Airy 159 VI 1 Mitchell County 160 Brummetts Creek 160 Hollow Poplar 166 Petersons Chapel 168 Pleasant Grove 168 Bethel 176 Bailey 177 Pigeon River 179 Upper Brummetts Creek 180 Berea 181 Polk County 182 Mill Creek 182 Green River Cove 188 Brooklyn 188 Melvin Hill 190 Downs Chapel 200 Golden 201 Laurens 202 Mountain Creek (Spindale) 203 Spindale 204 Travelers Rest 206 Statesville 207 Spartanburg 2°8 Eastern North Carolina 2 ° Oak Grove 210 District-Wide Activities 211 District Organization 211 District Boards 214 District Secretary 215 District Camp 217 In Summary 225 Conclusion 226 Index Vll PREFACE About ten years ago, I first became interested in the history of the Church of the Brethren in the Carolinas. I was engaged in research on the history of the Brethren in Virginia in the eighteenth century, and I discovered first of all that the account written by Morgan Edwards, a Baptist historian, regarding the Brethren in the South in 1772 was still available and had not been destroyed; second, I was surprised by his claim that there were more Brethren in North and South Carolina at that time than there were in Virginia. That was particularly surprising since Brethren historians had traditionally thought that the beginning of the Brethren in the Carolinas had taken place after 1800. My opportunity to expand my research on this evidence that the Brethren had been in the Carolinas in the 18th century did not come until 1966, when I received one of the Humanities Fellowships established by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University with a Ford Foundation grant. I was able to take a leave of absence during the year 1966-1967 from my teaching at Bridgewater College in order to pursue research on "The German Sectarians in North Carolina in the Eighteenth Century." As a result of that research I found much additional evidence about the Brethren who had arrived in the Carolinas in the 18th century. I wrote several articles about these Brethren, two of which have been published in the North Carolina Historical Review in 1969 and 1970. Another article about the Mennonites, who were included in my research as German sectarians, has been published in the Mennonite Quarterly Review. Another result of my research was that I became in- terested in the history of the Church of the Brethren in the Carolinas in the years since the 18th century. In consultation with Bert G. Richardson, who was the executive secretary of the District of North and South Carolina of the Church of the Vlll Brethren, I learned that the Brethren had a long-standing interest in having the history of the church in that area written but had been unable to find someone to undertake the task. Inasmuch as I had had some previous experience in working with such districts in the preparation of a history, I agreed to write the history of the Brethren in the Carolinas, and the District Board of Administration agreed to provide some funds to cover the expenses and eventually to publish the results in the form of a book. After returning to Bridgewater, I spent the summer of 1968 busily studying and writing about the Brethren in the Carolinas. I was significantly assisted in my research by one of the most capable students that I have had in my classes in Brethren history, Robert E. Alley, who carefully read all of the Gospel Messengers in the Bridgewater College Library, looking for material on the Carolina congregations. His notes were invaluable in my writing; a quick examination of my footnotes in Chapters II and III will indicate that this material from the Gospel Messenger proved to be my major source in writing the history of the church in the Carolinas in the 20th century. Incidentally, I compensated Mr. Alley for his many hours of work with some of the expense funds provided by the District Board. By the end of the summer, I had completed the story of the Brethren in the 19th and 20th centuries and had brought the story down to the present-day. It has been a genuine pleasure for me to have become involved in this project, for I thoroughly enjoy studying and writing about the history of the Church of the Brethren. Another part of the pleasure is that I have become acquainted with some mighty fine people, to whom I have accumulated a large measure of indebtedness for the assistance that they have provided. I must attempt to name some of these people, although I realize that any such attempt runs a great risk of omitting others who also played a part. My greatest in- debtedness, I am sure, is to Bert G. Richardson, now a pastor of a Church of the Brethren in Tennessee, without whose IX assistance and encouragement this book would never have been written or published; he has read the second and third chapters and has provided many helpful suggestions which have made the text more accurate. He has also led out in the negotiations for the publication of the book. Another person who has read much of the manuscript and offered many valuable suggestions was Clayton B. Miller, who has been active as a minister in different North Carolina congregations for much of the 20th century ; he has also written extensively about the history of the Brethren in the Ashe-Alleghany county area, and thus has provided valuable material for my study. Finally, among those in North Carolina who have been very helpful has been Miss Betty Griffith, who has read the manuscript and has offered suggestions dealing especially with the Mitchell County congregations ; she also has played a major role in collecting the pictures used in this book and in working with the publisher. I am also indebted to the editorial staff, especially Mrs. Memory F. Mitchell, of the North Carolina Historical Review for helpful suggestions and for permission to use in Chapter I material which has already appeared in that journal. One of the results of the publication of my material in the Review was that I was brought into contact with Dr. John Scott Davenport, the director of research of Scripps-Howard with offices in Cincinnati. He was personally interested in the Germans in North Carolina who intermarried with his ancestors, and he has become very much interested in the early Brethren in the South Atlantic area and in their emigration to the Ohio River Valley. He is furthermore a remarkably skilled researcher in working with legal documents, and he has been able to sup- plement my work with the 18th century Carolina Brethren with much additional information. As a result there is some significant material in this book which did not appear in the Review articles. To all of these individuals, I am deeply grateful for the 1 contribution that they have made toward making this book possible. They deserve a great deal of the credit that may result from its publication. Whatever errors of fact or of in- terpretation may be discovered are of course my respon- sibility. I firmly believe that this book will make a contribution to our historical understanding not only of the Brethren who have lived in relative isolation in small numbers in the South Atlantic states, but also in broader outline it will contribute to our understanding of the difficulties involved in the transitions from a sect group that is emerging as a more churchly religious type and from a completely rural religious group that is trying to adjust to the urbanized culture of the United States in the 20th century. For the members of the Church of the Brethren in the Carolinas, these transitions have provided many difficult and challenging moments in their lives. Bridgewater, Virginia June 1 , 197 Roger E . Sappington XI INTRODUCTION History is a continuous stream, flowing from the past to the present, and into the future. We are so involved in paddling our canoes upstream that it is a very difficult task for us to take time out in our present day routine to write about the past.
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