The Origins of Surgical Instruments

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George Marshall Medical Museum For Researchers: The origins of surgical instruments

Name Dates Position Instrument / procedure A Annadale, Thomas 1839 – 1908 Professor of Clinical Surgery, First described Lothiessen’s operation for strangulated femoral University of Edinburgh hernia Auvard, Pierre 1855 – 1951 Professor of Obstetrics and Vaginal speculum Victor Gynaecology, Paris

B Babcock, William 1872 – 1963 Surgeon, Philadelphia General Tissue forceps Wayne Hospital, USA Ballenger, William 1861 - 1915 Professor of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Inventor of the swivel knife Lincoln Chicago Bell, Sir Charles 1774 – 1842 Surgeon, Middlesex Hospital, Axillary nerve in mastectomy London Berger, Paul 1845 – 1908 Professor of Clinical Surgery, Paris Forequarter amputation Bilroth, Theodor 1829 – 1894 Professor of Surgery, Vienna Gastric surgery Bonney, Victor 1872 – 1933 Gynaecologist, Middlesex Hospital, Needle-holders, dissectors London Boyle, Henry 1875 – 1941 Anaesthetist, England Anaesthetic machine – introduced Davies gag here Edmund Gaskin Bowie, James 1909 – 1984 Consultant Bacteriologist, Striped autoclave tape (together with Edinburgh

With thanks to Mrs Margaret Ingman and Mrs Louise Robinson for their time spent researching and carefully transcribing this information. Additional information can be found online at the following webpages: https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/home.htm; http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2677.html

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James Dick) Browne, Sir Denis 1892 – 1967 Surgeon, Hospital for Sick Children, Tonsil holding forceps London Bruning, Wilhelm 1862 – 1936 Professor of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Biopsy forceps; sigmoidoscope * Munich Bunsen, Robert von 1811 – 1899 Professor of Chemistry Bunsen burner Wilhelm

C Cabot, Hugh 1872 - 1945 Surgeon, Mayo Clinic, USA Method of nephrostomy Cheyne-Watson, Sir 1852 – 1932 Professor of Clinical Surgery, Kings Dissector probe William College Hospital, London

D Dakin, Henry 1880 – 1952 Biochemist, New York Jar, syringe Drysdale Davis, Dr S Griffith* 1867 – 1934* Boston, USA Mouth gag (introduced here by H E G Boyle) Deaver, John Blair 1855 - 1931 Surgeon, Philadelphia, USA Retractors De Pezzer, Dr Ass. Professor Necker Hospital, Invented self-named catheter (i.e. de Pezzer catheter) in 1885 Paris Desjardins, Abel 1814 – 1866* Surgeon Dispensaire Henri-de- Stone forceps Rothschild Hospital, Paris Dick, James Senior Technician, Edinburgh Striped autoclave tape (together with James Bowie) Dott, Norman 1897 – 1973 Professor of Neurology, Edinburgh Head bandage, forceps

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McOmish Doyen, Eugene Louis 1859 – 1916 Surgeon, Paris Intestinal clamp

E Eustachius (aka 1524 – 1574 Professor of Anatomy, Rome Described Eustachian tube Eustachi), Bartolemeo

F Fallopius, Gabrielle 1523 - 1562 Professor of Anatomy, University of Described Fallopian tubes Pisa Fegan, W. George 1921 - 2007 Surgeon, Sir Patrick Dun’s Hospital, Recommended 6 week pressure bandage for varicose veins after Dublin, Eire injection Foley, Frederic(k) 1891 – 1966 Urologist, Anker Hospital, St Paul, Foley’s catheter (balloon) Eugine Basil Minnesota, USA Fothergill, William 1865 – 1926 Professor of Obstetrics and Vaginal repair operation Edward Gynaecology, Manchester University Frankfeld, Frank M Proctologist, New York Operating sigmoidoscope, diathermy snares Fullerton, Andrew 1868 - 1934 Professor of Surgery, University of Ureteric forceps, to hold ureter instead of tape Belfast

G Gallie, William 1882 - 1959 Professor of Surgery, University of Hernia fascia needle Edward Toronto, Canada Gibbon, Norman 1918 - 2008 Urologist and Surgeon, Walton He was among the first to realise the dangers of the high

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Ottoway Knight Hospital, Liverpool, London pressures generated in the neuropathic bladder, and their effect on the upper urinary tract. For this he devised a simple endoscopic operation by which to divide the external sphincter. At the same time he became concerned with the prevention of infection and invented his own, beautifully simple catheter - now known by his name - which was narrow, easy to pass and to keep in place and did not irritate the urethra.* Gigli, Leonardo 1863 – 1905 Italian gynaecologist Described self-named saw (i.e. Gigli saw), 1894 Gram, Hans 1853 - 1938 Professor of Medicine, Copenhagen Bacteriological stain for organisms Christian

H Harris, Samuel 1881 - 1937 Urologist, Lewisham Hospital, and Boomerang needle - ligature carrier Henry Sydney, Australia (1936?) Hawkins-Ambler, Consultant Surgeon, Samaritan Cervical dilators George Arthur Women’s Hospital, Liverpool Hegar, Alfred 1830 - 1940 Professor of Obstetrics and Cervical dilators gynaecology, Freiberg Hewitt, Sir Frederick 1857 – 1916 Physician – Anaesthetist, St Post anaesthetic airway George’s Hospital, London Hilton, John 1805 – 1878 Surgeon, Guy’s Hospital, London Introduced safe method of abscess incision Hodgkin, Thomas 1798 – 1866 Physician, Guy’s Hospital, London Hodgkin’s Disease (Lymphadenoma) Hollyer, Thomas 1609 – 1670 Surgeon, London Removed bladder stone from Samuel Pepys (famous diarist) in 1658 Horsley, Sir Victor 1857 – 1916 Professor of Surgery, University Method of Pyloroplasty, neuro wax College Hospital, London

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Hudson, William 1862 – 1917 Atlanta, Georgia, USA Neuro brace, guillotine forceps Henry Hunter, John 1728 – 1793 Surgeon, St George’s Hospital, Hunter’s Canal (mid thigh) important for leakage tests in London varicose veins

J Jackson, Chevalier 1865 - 1958 Professor of Broncho- Bronchoscope and bronchoscopy position Oesophagoscopy, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA

K Kilner, Thomas 1870 – 1964 Nuffield Professor of Plastic Needle-holder Pomfret Surgery, Oxford University, England

L Lambott, Albin 1866 – 1955 Orthopaedic Surgeon, Antwerp, Laminectomy nibbling forceps Belgium Lane, Sir Arbuthnot 1856 – 1943 Consultant Surgeon, Guy’s Hospital, Gastric twin clamp, tissue forceps London Lebsche, Max 1886 – 1957 Professor of Surgery, Munich Sternum chisel and director Lembert, Antoine 1802 – 1851 Physician for Epidemic Diseases, Suture used for invagination in bowel anastomosis Department of the Seine, Paris,

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Lister, Lord Joseph 1827 – 1912 Surgeon, Glasgow Royal Infirmary Antiseptics, first carbolic dressing – Glasgow, 12.08.1865 Lloyd-Davies, 1905 – 1987 St Mark’s Middlesex Hospital for Sigmoidoscope, bowel clamps, tissue forceps Oswald Vaughan Rectal Diseases Lotheissen, Georg 1868 – 1941 Surgeon, Kaiser Franz Joseph Method of operation for strangulated femoral hernia Hospital, Vienna Luc, Henri 1855 – 1925 Oto-laryngologist, Paris ENT forceps Lukers, Robert Assistant Professor of Broncho- Laryngeal syringe McDowell Oesophagoscopy, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia

M Magill, Sir Ivan 1888 – 1986 Anaesthetist, Westminster Anaesthetic equipment Whiteside Hospital, London Malecot, Achille- 1852? – ? MD, Paris, France Invented self-named catheter in 1890 Etienne Mayo, William 1861 – 1939 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA Numerous surgical instruments, Mayo tray James and Charles Horace 1865 - 1939 McBurney, Charles 1845 – 1913 Professor of Surgery, New York, Appendicectomy site USA Melrose, Denis 1921 – 2007 Reader in Clinical Rheology, Post- Heart=lung machine Graham Graduate Medical School, London Miles, William 1869 – 1947 Surgeon, Royal Cancer Hospital, Abdominal procedure for abdominal-peroneal excision of Ernestm London rectum Milligan, Edward 1886 – 1972 St Mark’s Hospital, London Ligation and excision haemorrhoidectomy Thomas Campbell Mitchell, John 1917 – 2015 Urological Surgeon, United Bristol Diathermy plate and lead

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Phillimore Hospitals Morgan, Sir Clifford 1901 – 1986 St Bartholomew’s Hospital Sigmoidoscope (together with Robert Officer)

N Negus, Ewings 1887 – 1974 Consulting Surgeon, Diseases of the Oesophagoscope Victor Ear, Nose and Throat, King’s College Hospital, London

O Officer, Robert d. 1958 Resident Surgical Officer, St Mark’s Sigmoidoscope (together with Sir Hospital, London Clifford Morgan)

P Paul, Frank T 1851 – 1941 Surgeon, Royal Infirmary, Liverpool Drainage tube Payr, Erwin 1871 – 1946 Professor of Surgery, Leipzig Intestinal crushing clamp Perkins, John J Director of Research, American Sterilisation standards Steriliser Co. Poirier, Paul-Julien 1853 – 1907 Professor of Anatomy, Paris Tissue forceps Polya, Eugene 1876 – 1944 Surgeon, St Stephen’s Hospital, Gastric surgery Budapest Potts, Alfred Children’s Hospital, Chicago, USA Arterial clamp, scissors Price-Thomas, Sir 1893 – 1973 Hon. Consultant, Westminster Thoracic rib-spreader Clement Hospital, London

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R Rampley, Charles d. 1932 Theatre Supervisor, London Sponge-holding forceps Hospital Ramstedt, Conrad 1867 – 1963 Surgeon, Rafaelklinik, Münster Operation for infant pyloric stenosis

Reverdin, Jaques 1842 – 1929 Surgeon, Geneva, Switzerland Needles Louis Robson-Mayo, Sir 1853 – 1933 Professor of Surgery, Leeds Position of patient for cholecystectomy Arthur William Ryall-Canny, Edward 1865 - 1934 Surgeon, All Saints Hospital, London Syringe, retractor

S St Mark’s Hospital, Apparatus for bladder irrigation London Sergent, Sir Percy 1873 – 1933 Surgeon, St Thomas’ Hospital, Abdominal depressor London Shoemaker, J 1871 – 1940 Surgeon, The Hague, Holland Intestinal clamps, rib shears Sims, James Marian 1813 – 1883 State Hospital for Women, New Vaginal speculum York Strauss, Herman 1868 – 1944 Professor of Medicine, Giessen, Sigmoidoscope described in 1910 Germany Syme, James 1799 – 1870 Professor of Clinical Surgery, Amputation knife, aneurism needle Edinburgh

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T Thiersch, Karl 1822 - 1895 Professor of Surgery, Leipzig, Skin-graft, suture method for prolapsed rectum Germany Thudichum, Johann 1829 - 1901 St Thomas’ Hospital, London Nasal speculum Ludwig Trendelenburg, 1844 - 1924 Professor of Surgery, Leipzig, Varicose veins surgery, operating positions Frederick Germany Tubbs, Sydney 1908 – 1993 Thoracic Surgeon, St Mitral dilators Oswald Bartholomew’s Hospital, London

V Volkmann, Richard 1830 – 1889 Professor of Surgery, Halle, Curetting spoon von Germany

W Wakeley, Sir Cecil 1892 – 1979 Kings College Hospital, London Laminectomy retractor Pembrey Grey Waugh, George 1875 – 1940 Surgeon, Hospital For Sick Children, Dissecting forceps Ernest London Wells, Sir Thomas 1818 – 1897 Surgeon, Samaritan Hospital, Artery forceps Spencer London Wertheim, Ernst 1842 – 1920 Professor of Gynaecology, Type of hysterectomy, retractor

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University Hospital, Vienna Wright, Arthur Consulting Surgeon, St Mary’s Elastic webbing bandage, after vein stripping Dickson Hospital, London Wrigley, Arthur 1902 – 1983 Obstetric Physician, St Thomas’ Obstetric forceps Joseph Hospital, London