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Population Mobility Mapping Plumtree District, Zimbabwe December 2020 Introduction

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Population Mobility Mapping Plumtree District, Zimbabwe December 2020 Introduction POPULATION MOBILITY MAPPING PLUMTREE DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE DECEMBER 2020 INTRODUCTION The lockdown restrictions in Zimbabwe People travelling from South Africa’s due to COVID-19 has drastically reduced Mafikeng also pass through this border. the number of cross border movements. Mangwe district holds a particular As of 10 December 2020, Zimbabwe had significance for a greater understanding 11,081 confirmed cases, including 9,253 of mobility trends and migration recoveries and 305 deaths. As part of the practices. Located 542 km to the West of response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the capital of Zimbabwe. On average, the Zimbabwe, the Ministry of Health in numbers crossing through the Plumtree collaboration with its partners in health main border post has dropped from 5,500 recognized a need to understand the to 500 persons a day due to COVID-19. impact mobility within and across borders can potentially have on Plumtree Town is usually referred to as controlling the spread of the virus. To “ku Titji” in Kalanga which means a support these activities, the International railway station. Its development can be Organization for Migration (IOM) is drawn back to 1897 when it was still working closely with the local operating as a railway station in the government of Zimbabwe, Ministry of region when the Plumtree-Bulawayo Health, and the Immigration Department railway line was still under construction. to support the government of Zimbabwe Rapidly developed as an alternative rail and other key partners with regards to route to suppliers between Bulawayo, understanding migration flows, as well as Botswana and South Africa, the town is to respond to the outbreak in a way that also known as an economic trading is sensitive to current and emerging hub/centre for rural Bulilima and rural migration and mobility realities in Mangwe districts. multiple regions in Zimbabwe. The aim of the Population Mobility Plumtree Border Post is the main crossing Mapping in Plumtree was to complement point between Zimbabwe and Botswana. the Government of Zimbabwe’s National Participants identifying key mobility routes in the region © IOM 2021 Preparedness and Response plan for COVID-19 by providing the Government, communities, and humanitarian partners with information on population mobility and cross-border movements. Population Mobility Mapping (PMM) aims to inform public health interventions through the analysis of the dynamics and characteristics of population mobility. Flow monitoring aims to derive quantitative estimates of the flow of individuals through specific locations and to collect information about the profiles, intentions and needs of the people on the mobility trends to support Government’s move. More broadly, it aimed to enhance evidence-based migration policy prevention, detection, and response to the development. spread of infectious diseases through an improved understanding of prevailing A Participatory Mapping Exercise (PME) human mobility patterns in Zimbabwe was convened from the 8th to the 10th of and Plumtree border districts. December in Plumtree. For this exercise, key stakeholders were selected from the The specific objectives of this exercise Mangwe district committee and local were to: councilors who oversee the community and are responsible for day-to-day ▪ Identify the points of entry and operations in the community. Participants congregation areas within Plumtree represented the formal and informal, and at its borders with neighboring health and non-health sectors, including countries. local authorities, and community leaders. ▪ Based on estimations on volume of Local councilors also assisted in mapping flows and other criteria, provide a list Points of Entry (PoE) in Plumtree which of specific points of entry and help in tracking irregular and regular congregation areas that are prioritized migrants. Key stakeholders from for public health interventions in government also participated in the one- times of public health emergency. day workshop to ensure that Flow ▪ Recommend immediate public health Monitoring Points (FMP) are selected interventions for the identified based with their experience in dealing prioritized congregation areas and with migrants and flow of people. The ports of entry. mapping exercise was based on their ▪ Assess the feasibility of implementing understanding of nearby countries such Flow Monitoring and recommend as Botswana, Malawi, DRC and South locations of Flow Monitoring Points for Africa and local population movement the purpose of disease surveillance, dynamics in the country. interventions strengthening health system along mobility corridors and provide information on cross border Data collection near Plumtree border post © IOM 2021 The exercise was being chaired by the ▪ Verification of the information Mangwe District Development collected during the exercise and Coordinator. The Ministry of Health gave direct observations on site. an update on the epidemiological ▪ Collection of any additional situation in Plumtree at the opening of the information for the prioritization of session. Following an overview of flow FMPs. monitoring, data collection, target areas, and risk of communication emphasizing transmission of COVID 19 and other FINDINGS health related issues, key informants Sixteen key informants took part in the were then encouraged to relate the mapping exercise in Plumtree. The information shared with situations in connections between travellers and their daily lives and contribute their stationary communities in the epicenter knowledge of their communities by and main town along mobility pathways identifying and locating PoEs, axes of were examined. Points of interest were mobility (routes) and Points of allocated into three categories: Points of Congregation (PoCs) on maps, to identify Congregation of travelers (where internal places where travellers could interact mobility is experienced such as markets, with other travellers and/or the local churches, universities, playgrounds), community. Points of Entry (PoEs) (border crossings); and major travelling routes connecting Among the key points, participants these Points of Entries and the Points of selected priority sites for the Congregations. implementation of public health measures, Flow Monitoring activities, Points were prioritized based on population mobility patterns and significant volume of mobility and strong dynamics were then characterized. The connections to areas reporting COVID-19 exercise was followed by an assessment cases. A total of 4 points were identified of prioritized sites in the field with the as Flow Monitoring Points, of which 1 following objectives: priority point (the main border post) was selected for immediate response actions ▪ Collect GPS coordinates of the sites and an IOM tent had been erected there identified during the exercise to for support in terms of COVID-19 develop the final map. screening, surveillance, hand washing, risk communication and community engagement. Regional Mobility Characteristics of population mobility routes (migration routes) The first Long distance population flows were theme identified from the neighboring countries identified via Plumtree to major towns such as routes of Bulawayo, Gweru and Harare (the mobility and capital). The following high population mobility mobility routes were noted through two patterns axes: observed in Mangwe (1) Francistown-Plumtree-Bulawayo district. The (2)Harare-Gweru-Bulawayo-Plumtree- information Gaborone gathered (3) Beitbridge-Plumtree-Botswana during the (4) DRC–Plumtree-South Africa exercise include the Plumtree is an important transit point for main axes of COVID-19 messaging at Plumtree border post © IOM 2021 long distance travelers, especially traders mobility, the to access neighboring towns (Bulawayo, characteristics of this mobility and the Gweru, Harare). Traders of commercial main origin and destination of travellers. goods, the majority of whom are from Matabeleland South province, to be Axes of mobility specific, transit in Plumtree before One main mobility route traversing heading to Francistown or Gaborone (two Plumtree was identified during the cities in Botswana) resulting in long exercise: distance movement across multiple countries with interactions with migrants. Route A7: The main route that connects Botswana to Zimbabwe through the The state of business in Plumtree attracts Plumtree official Border post. This route daily travellers from Botswana includes commercial vehicles, buses and (Francistown, Mosetse, Sebina and near- pedestrians travelling to Zimbabwe. This the-border communities) as well as route connects to A1 in Botswana and nearby semi-rural and rural communities proceeds to Francistown. On the such as Bulilima and Mangwe rural. Zimbabwean side, the route proceeds to Traders include Batswana, South Africans Bulawayo and to Harare as route A5. and Zimbabweans. Various trades such as Small traders and irregular migrants from vegetables markets, are also popular in Botswana and South Africa are listed as Plumtree, attracting the same the most common groups using the communities mentioned above. irregular crossing point. The local routes More than 6 isolation centres are present pass through local towns such as in Plumtree to curb the spread of COVID- Bulawayo, Gweru and Harare. 19 and the community at large takes precautionary measures against COVID- 19. IOM staff collecting information in Plumtree © IOM 2021 Participants identified a total of 10 official Travellers using this axe, from Zimbabwe and unofficial
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