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NIAB EMR BMSB Monitoring 2020 Report Final General Enquiries on the form should be made to: Defra, Strategic Evidence and Analysis E-mail: [email protected] Evidence Project Final Report ⚫ Note In line with the Freedom of Information Project identification Act 2000, Defra aims to place the results of its completed research projects in the public domain wherever possible. 1. Defra Project code PH04100 The Evidence Project Final Report is designed to capture the information on 2. Project title the results and outputs of Defra-funded UK Monitoring for Brown Marmorated Stink Bug research in a format that is easily publishable through the Defra website An Evidence Project Final Report must be completed for all projects. 3. Contractor • This form is in Word format and the organisation(s) NIAB EMR boxes may be expanded, as appropriate. East Malling, Kent ⚫ ACCESS TO INFORMATION ME19 6BJ The information collected on this form will be stored electronically and may be sent to any part of Defra, or to individual £ 9,625 researchers or organisations outside 54. Total Defra project costs Defra for the purposes of reviewing the (agreed fixed price) project. Defra may also disclose the information to any outside organisation 5. Project: start date ............... 01/07/2020 acting as an agent authorised by Defra to process final research reports on its behalf. Defra intends to publish this form end date................ 30/11/2020 on its website, unless there are strong reasons not to, which fully comply with exemptions under the Environmental Information Regulations or the Freedom of Information Act 2000. Defra may be required to release information, including personal data and commercial information, on request under the Environmental Information Regulations or the Freedom of Information Act 2000. However, Defra will not permit any unwarranted breach of confidentiality or act in contravention of its obligations under the Data Protection Act 1998. Defra or its appointed agents may use the name, address or other details on your form to contact you in connection with occasional customer research aimed at improving the processes through which Defra works with its contractors. EVID4 Evidence Project Final Report (Rev. 10/14) Page 1 of 18 6. It is Defra’s intention to publish this form. Please confirm your agreement to do so........................................................................ YES NO (a) When preparing Evidence Project Final Reports contractors should bear in mind that Defra intends that they be made public. They should be written in a clear and concise manner and represent a full account of the research project which someone not closely associated with the project can follow. Defra recognises that in a small minority of cases there may be information, such as intellectual property or commercially confidential data, used in or generated by the research p roject, which should no t b e disclosed. In these cases, such information should be detailed in a separate annex (not to be published) so that the Evidence Project Final Report can be placed in the public domain. Where it is impossible to complete the Final Report without including references to any sensitive or confidential data, the information should be included and section (b) completed. NB: only in exceptional circumstances will Defra expect contractors to give a "No" answer. In all cases, reasons for withholding information must be fully in line with exemptions under the Environmental Information Regulations or the Freedom of Information Act 2000. (b) If you have answered NO, please explain why the Final report should not be released into public domain Executive Summary 7. The executive summary must not exceed 2 sides in total of A4 and should be understandable to the intelligent non-scientist. It should cover the main objectives, methods and findings of the research, together with any other significant events and options for new work. Surveillance activities targeting brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) were carried out between May and November 2020. Reports of UK interceptions at ports date back to 2010, but more recently (since 2018) adults have been observed free in the environment within England. Previous sentinel pheromone traps deployed in England and Wales during 2018 and 2019 (work funded by AHDB) caught no H. halys. However, two adult males (in Essex and London) were caught during this Defra-funded work in 2020. These catches were followed up with active sampling of foliage around the trap sites, using the beating tray technique, but no further signs of the pest were detected. Active sampling was also carried out at locations close to transport hubs and ports in South East England, but H. halys were not detected. Only adults have been detected so far in the UK. Other life stages would be required to demonstrate reproduction and provide evidence for an established population. CLIMEX modelling based on UK climate parameters (using both historical data and projected future climate) was carried out in collaboration with SRUC, and predicts that H. halys already has the potential to establish in localised areas (particularly Greater London), with a much larger area of suitability for establishment across South East and Eastern England predicted by 2050. Based on this modelling, and on patterns of initial urban establishment of the pest in other countries, it is recommended that future UK surveillance efforts should include a greater number of pheromone traps within the Greater London area. EVID4 Evidence Project Final Report (Rev. 06/11) Page 2 of 18 Project Report to Defra 8. As a guide this report should be no longer than 20 sides of A4. This report is to provide Defra with details of the outputs of the research project for internal purposes; to meet the terms of the contract; and to allow Defra to publish details of the outputs to meet Environmental Information Regulation or Freedom of Information obligations. This short report to Defra does not preclude contractors from also seeking to p ublish a f ull, formal scientific report/paper in an appropriate scientific or other journal/publication. Indeed, Defra actively encourages such publications as part of the contract terms. The report to Defra should include: ⚫ the objectives as set out in the contract; ⚫ the extent to which the objectives set out in the contract have been met; ⚫ details of methods used and the results obtained, including statistical analysis (if appropriate); ⚫ a discussion of the results and their reliability; ⚫ the main implications of the findings; ⚫ possible future work; and ⚫ any action resulting from the research (e.g. IP, Knowledge Exchange). EVID4 Evidence Project Final Report (Rev. 06/11) Page 3 of 18 The agreed activities comprised: • Co-ordination of a pheromone-based trapping programme, hosted by volunteers at multiple (between 15 and 20) sites in England and Wales. • Field visits to suspected areas of BMSB population establishment for active searching for life stages of the invasive pest in mid- and late-summer, using established beating tray and net sampling methods. The following report is a modification of a manuscript accepted for publication (Powell et al., 2020) on 30th November 2020. INTRODUCTION Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (brown marmorated stink bug) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive shieldbug native to East Asia, where it occurs in regions of China, Japan, and Korea (Haye et al., 2015). The global range of this species has expanded considerably within the last three decades and it is now well established in North America and Europe (Haye et al., 2015; Leskey & Nielsen, 2018). Populations initially established in the USA during the late 1990s (Rice et al., 2014) and the species subsequently also colonised parts of Canada (Gariepy et al., 2014; Abram et al., 2017). Records in Europe date back to 2004 in Liechtenstein and Switzerland, followed by significant establishment and spread within Switzerland (Haye et al., 2015). Subsequent records followed in many European countries including (in 2012) France (Callot & Brua, 2013) and Italy (Maistrello et al., 2014) and later (2013) in Hungary (Vétek et al., 2014). Climate-based niche models indicate that regions of Europe between latitudes 40 and 50oN show particularly high risk of H. halys invasion and establishment (Zhu et al., 2012). Regions beyond 50oN (e.g. most of the UK) appear to have marginal suitability for establishment when historic climatic data are used to predict potential distribution, but small amounts of inter-annual climate variability, or future global warming, could change this scenario substantially (Kriticos et al., 2017; Kistner, 2017). Establishment in the Southern Hemisphere has been more limited but H. halys is also recorded in Chile (Faúndez & Rider, 2017). Halyomorpha halys has a very wide host range and is capable of feeding on many crop species in addition to exotic ornamental woody plants. The insect uses its piercing mouth parts to imbibe plant sap and particularly targets developing fruits, causing deformities (Fig. 1e) and internal staining that can render crops unmarketable. Tree fruit crops such as apple, pear, and peach (Leskey et al., 2012; Leskey & Nielsen, 2018) as well as soft fruits such as raspberry (Haye et al., 2015) are susceptible to damage. Glasshouse and field crops including tomatoes, peppers, sweetcorn, crucifers, and legumes may also be attacked and damaged (Rice et al., 2014). Following arrival in a new region, H. halys can spread rapidly and have agricultural impacts very soon after establishment. For example, the pest was first detected in Georgia in 2015 (Gapon, 2016) and caused US$24 million losses in hazelnut production in the first full year it was demonstrated to be present, whereas significant damage to Italian fruit crops occurred within two years of the first report of the species in Northern Italy (Maistrello et al., 2016). Like most other pentatomid species, H. halys pass the winter as adults. In the autumn, individuals move from food plants to sheltered over-wintering sites (Nielsen & Hamilton, 2009).
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