AMELIA JONES “'Women' in Dada: Elsa, Rrose, and Charlie”
AMELIA JONES “’Women’ in Dada: Elsa, Rrose, and Charlie” From Naomi Sawelson-Gorse, Women in Dada:Essays on Sex, Gender, and Identity (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998): 142-172 In his 1918 Dada manifesto, Tristan Tzara stated the sources of “Dadaist Disgust”: “Morality is an injection of chocolate into the veins of all men....I proclaim the opposition of all cosmic faculties to [sentimentality,] this gonorrhea of a putrid sun issued from the factories of philosophical thought.... Every product of disgust capable of becoming a negation of the family is Dada.”1 The dadaists were antagonistic toward what they perceived as the loss of European cultural vitality (through the “putrid sun” of sentimentality in prewar art and thought) and the hypocritical bourgeois morality and family values that had supported the nationalism culminating in World War I.2 Conversely, in Hugo Ball's words, Dada “drives toward the in- dwelling, all-connecting life nerve,” reconnecting art with the class and national conflicts informing life in the world.”3 Dada thus performed itself as radically challenging the apoliticism of European modernism as well as the debased, sentimentalized culture of the bourgeoisie through the destruction of the boundaries separating the aesthetic from life itself. But Dada has paradoxically been historicized and institutionalized as “art,” even while it has also been privileged for its attempt to explode the nineteenth-century romanticism of Charles Baudelaire's “art for art's sake.”4 Moving against the grain of most art historical accounts of Dada, which tend to focus on and fetishize the objects produced by those associated with Dada, 5 I explore here what I call the performativity of Dada: its opening up of artistic production to the vicissitudes of reception such that the process of making meaning is itself marked as a political-and, specifically, gendered-act.
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