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POETA PORTUGUÉS Y CLÁSICO CASTELLANO, LUÍS VAZ DE CAMÕES (C.1524-1580): EDICIÓN CON INTRODUCCIÓN Y NOTAS DE SUS SONETOS CASTELLANOS

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POETA PORTUGUÉS Y CLÁSICO CASTELLANO, LUÍS VAZ DE CAMÕES (C.1524-1580): EDICIÓN CON INTRODUCCIÓN Y NOTAS DE SUS SONETOS CASTELLANOS University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses, Dissertations, Student Research: Modern Languages and Literatures, Department Modern Languages and Literatures of 12-2011 POETA PORTUGUÉS Y CLÁSICO CASTELLANO, LUÍS VAZ DE CAMÕES (c.1524-1580): EDICIÓN CON INTRODUCCIÓN Y NOTAS DE SUS SONETOS CASTELLANOS Rose M. Sevillano University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/modlangdiss Part of the Modern Languages Commons Sevillano, Rose M., "POETA PORTUGUÉS Y CLÁSICO CASTELLANO, LUÍS VAZ DE CAMÕES (c.1524-1580): EDICIÓN CON INTRODUCCIÓN Y NOTAS DE SUS SONETOS CASTELLANOS" (2011). Theses, Dissertations, Student Research: Modern Languages and Literatures. 11. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/modlangdiss/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Modern Languages and Literatures, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, Student Research: Modern Languages and Literatures by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. POETA PORTUGUÉS Y CLÁSICO CASTELLANO, LUÍS VAZ DE CAMÕES (c.1524-1580): EDICIÓN CON INTRODUCCIÓN Y NOTAS DE SUS SONETOS CASTELLANOS By Rose M. Sevillano A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Modern Languages and Literatures (Spanish) Under the Supervision of Professors Óscar Pereira Zazo and Elizabeth Wilhelmsen Lincoln, Nebraska December, 2011 POETA PORTUGUÉS Y CLÁSICO CASTELLANO, LUÍS VAZ DE CAMÕES (c.1524-1580): EDICIÓN CON INTRODUCCIÓN Y NOTAS DE SUS SONETOS CASTELLANOS Rose M. Sevillano, Ph.D University of Nebraska, 2011 Advisors: Óscar Pereira Zazo and Elizabeth Wilhelmsen This dissertation concerns the Castilian sonnets of Luís de Camões, a sixteenth century Portuguese poet known for his epic work Os Lusíadas (1572). Camões’ sonnets comprise the greater part of his minor works. I present those written in Castilian, which have not been fully explored. The study commences by focusing on its historical-literary context, revealing the background for the tradition of the lyric in the Iberian Peninsula, and incorporates a section dedicated to the history of the sonnet. In later chapters, I analyze the sonnets, and include endnotes that explicate the poetic language. Camões follows Petrarch, although stylistic factors betray him simultaneously as a Mannerist. The first edition of the Rimas (1595) appeared in Lisbon fifteen years after Camões’ death. Because this book was published posthumously, its sonnets have presented a challenge in ascertaining their authenticity. I detail how in 1595, Rimas features sixty sonnets; by the eighteenth century they number 400, and by the end of the nineteenth century, they are reduced to half. Most of this corpus was authenticated at end of the nineteenth century by the German critics: Wilhelm Storck and Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcellos. Out of the 30 sonnets in Castilian that I present, four are judged to be genuinely Camões. Since these four Castilian sonnets are incorporated into a number of Camões’ complete works and are classified as being authentic by the nineteenth and twentieth century critics, I have also classified them the same way, stating who has authenticated them into the Camões’ canon. The source is María de Lurdes Saraiva’s complete collection of Camões’ lyrics, in which she indicates the critics who label them as camoneanos, as well as the CD-ROM of his Vida e Obra, which both classify and separate them as authentic or apocryphal. The remaining 26 sonnets are apocryphal. I highlight that the poet’s authentic sonnets employ mythology, an element not so prevalent in the apocryphal ones. iv Copyright Copyright 2011, Rose M. Sevillano v Dedicatoria: Rosa María Santiago de Sevillano (1924-2008) ―Mami‖ vi Acknowledgements: I would like to thank all the members of my committee for helping this study come to its conclusion. My committee members are: Prof. Óscar Pereira Zazo (Chair), Prof. Elizabeth Wilhelmsen (Co-chair), Prof. Harriet Turner (Reader), Prof. María D. Lorenzo (Reader) and Prof. James Garza (Outside Member). Also my dear friend Gorky Cruz for his invaluable support and encouragement. The idea for this study came from René P. Garay, who suggested the Castilian side of Camões. I further examined Camões in Elizabeth Wilhelmsen’s class and she also suggested to continue on with the idea. I also want to thank the Yonkers Public Schools and my principal Ms. Jade Sharp. The strength and energy came from Rosita Santiago de Sevillano, who kept the house full of reading material, so that we would always be entertained in our free time. vii Poeta portugués y clásico castellano: Luís Vaz de Camões (c. 1524-1580) Edición con introducción y notas de sus sonetos castellanos ÍNDICE GENERAL Introducción p. 1 Capítulo I-Contexto histórico-literario p. 4 A. Datos históricos del bilingüismo en la corte portuguesa del siglo XVI p. 4 B. Portugal (1524-1580) p. 25 Capítulo 2- Luís Vaz de Camões (c. 1524-1580) p. 32 A. Datos biográficos-Las tres etapas de la vida de Camões p. 34 B. Os Lusíadas y los trabajos menores p. 59 C. Luís de Camões clásico castellano p. 66 Capítulo 3-Explicación de los sonetos presentados en esta edición p. 69 A. La influencia petrarquista: Francesco Petrarca, Il dolce stil nuovo, el p. 80 neoplatonismo B. Francesco Petrarca (Arezzo 1304-Arquà 1374) p. 80 C. Il dolce stil nuovo p. 83 D. Neoplatonismo p. 85 E. Autores portugueses del Siglo XV y XVI que escribieron en español: Gil Vicente, Francisco Sá de Miranda, Jorge de Montemayor (Montemôr-o-Velho) p. 88 1. Gil Vicente (1465?-1537?) p. 88 2. Francisco Sá de Miranda (1481-1558) p. 90 3. Jorge de Montemayor (Montemôr-o-Velho) (1520-1561) p. 91 F. La intertextualidad: El influjo español p. 91 1. Juan Boscán Almogáver (Joan Boscà Almugàver) (c.1490-1542)p. 92 2. Garcilaso de la Vega (1501-1536) p. 94 3. Fernando de Herrera (1534-1597) p. 111 G. Las características de las obras líricas de Luís de Camões p. 112 H. Las ediciones de Rimas de Camões p. 119 I. Los sonetos verdaderos y apócrifos de Luís de Camões p. 140 Capítulo 4-Análisis de los sonetos castellanos de Luís de Camões p. 147 A. Sonetos auténticos de Luís de Camões-Índice de primeros versos p. 151 ―El vaso reluciente y cristalino‖ p. 151 ―Pues lágrimas tratáis, mis ojos tristes‖ p. 161 viii ―En una selva al despuntar del día‖ p. 168 ―Orfeu enamorado que tañía‖ p. 176 B. Sonetos apócrifos de Luís Vaz de Camões-Índice de primeros versos p. 183 ―Al pie de una verde y alta enzina,‖ p. 183 ―Amor, amor, que fieres al coitado‖ p. 191 ―Ayudame, Señora, a hacer venganza‖ p. 197 ―Ay, quien dará a mis ojos una fuente‖ p. 202 ―Cançada y ronca boz por bolando‖ p. 208 ―Con razon os vays, aguas, fatigando‖ p. 213 ―De piedra de metal, de cosa dura‖ p. 218 ―Do están los claros ojos que colgada‖ p. 227 ―Dulces engaños de mis ojos tristes‖ p. 233 ―Ilustre Gracia, nombre de una moza‖ p. 238 ―Las peñas retumbavan al gemido‖ p. 244 ―Los ojos que con blando movimiento‖ p. 249 ―Los que bivis subjectos a la estrella‖ p. 253 ―Mi Gusto y tu Beldad se desposaron‖ p. 259 ―Mil veces entre sueños tu figura‖ p. 264 ―No bastava que Amor puro y ardiente‖ p. 270 ―Ó claras águas deste blando rio‖ p. 275 ―O cesse ya, Señor, tu dura mano!‖ p. 280 ―Ondas que por el mundo caminando‖ p. 285 ―Por gloria tuve un tiempo el ser perdido‖ p. 290 ―Rebuelvo en la incessable fantasia‖ p. 295 ―Se el triste corazon que siempre llora‖ p. 300 ―Si el fuego, que me enciende, consumido‖ p. 304 ―Sobre um olmo que al cielo parecia‖ p. 309 ―Sospechas que en mi triste fantesia‖ p. 314 ―Ventana venturosa do amanece‖ p. 319 Capítulo 5- Conclusión p. 324 Glosario p. 328 Bibliografía p. 333 Ediciones de la lírica de Luís de Camões p. 333 Ediciones y traducciones de la épica Os Lusíadas de Luís de Camões p. 334 Fuentes primarias p. 337 Obras citadas p. 339 Introducción ―A Luis de Camoens‖ Sin lástima y sin ira el tiempo mella Las heroicas espadas. Pobre y triste A tu patria nostálgica volviste, Oh capitán, para morir en ella Y con ella. En el mágico desierto La flor de Portugal se había perdido Y el áspero español, antes vencido, Amenazaba su costado abierto. Quiero saber si aquende la ribera Última comprendiste humildemente Que todo lo perdido, el Occidente Y el Oriente, el acero y la bandera, Perduraría (ajeno a toda humana Mutación) en tu Eneida Lusitana. Jorge Luis Borges (1898-1986) Obra poética, 1923-1977 ―La mayoría de los poetas del siglo XVI carece de ediciones y estudios críticos suficientes, que permitan medir su aportación en el desarrollo de la lírica española‖ (Checa Cremades 9). También Elías Rivers dice en su libro El soneto español en el Siglo de Oro: ―Aunque existen ya buenas ediciones de la mayor parte de los sonetistas más importantes del Siglo de Oro, la historia del soneto español está todavía por escribir‖ (8). A la lírica española de este siglo se puede añadir Luís Vaz de Camões, considerado el ―Poeta nacional de Portugal‖, quien fue también soldado, es decir, un hombre de armas y de letras. “A obra espanhola de Camões é a mais alta expressão e o mais feliz resultado do bilingüismo tão largamente praticado pelos escritores portugueses do século XVI” (Vieira de Lemos y Martínez Almoyna 24). El enfoque de este trabajo monográfico es presentar los sonetos castellanos auténticos y apócrifos de Camões como poeta clásico en una edición.
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