DOCSLIB.ORG

Middle Triassic Ammonoids from Silesia, Poland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Middle Triassic Ammonoids from Silesia, Poland Middle Triassic ammonoids from Silesia, Poland ANDRZEJ KAIM and RoBERT NmoŹwBDZKI Kaim, A. & NiedŹwiedzki, R. 1999. Middle Tiiassic ammonoids from Silesia, Poland. - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 44, I, 93-115. Adescription of new ammonoid specimens (Acrochordiceras aff.damesi,cf . Acrochordi- ceras sp. indet., DiscopĘchites cf. dux, ?Paraceratites sp., cf. Balatonites sp. indet., Beneckeia buchi) from the Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian, Middle Tńassic) of Silesia (southern Poland) is presented. The detailed stratigraphic position of the new finds is given. The description is supplemented with a list of all species of ammonoids found hitherto in Silesia, which was a southern part of the Germanic Basin during the Anisian. Beneckeia and Noetlingites were typical of epicontinental seas and usually appeared in the early part of fransgressions. Other ammonoids entered from the Tethys into the epicontinental sea of the Germanic Basin during the maxima of fransgressions. Some of them (balatonitids, paraceratitids, bulogitids, Discoptychites and probably Acrochord- iceras) were successful colonizers which established their own populations in the Ger- manic Basin and evolved towards morphologies typical of epicontinental seas. Other (Beyrichites sp., Paraceratites binodosus, and'Trachyceras' sp.) are regarded as un- successful immigrants or empĘ shells drifted post-mortem from the Tethys. Key words: Ammonoids, Triassic, Anisian, Muschelkalk, Silesia, Poland, Acro- chordiceras, DiscopĘchite s, Balatonite s, B enecl<eia,P arac eratites. Andrzej Kaim [kaim@nłarda.pan.pl], InsĘtut Paleobiologii PAN, ul. Twarda 5l/55, P L-00 -8 I 8 Wars zaw a, P oland. Robert Niedźwiedzki I rnied@ ing.uni.wroc.pl ], InsĘtut Nauk Geolo gicznych, Uniw er- sytet Wroctawski, ul. Cybulskiego j0, PL-50-205 Wroctaw, Poland. Introduction Ammonoids are extremely rare in the Polish Lower Muschelkalk (Lower Anisian, Middle Triassic). The Lower Muschelkalk in Poland crops out in Upper and Lower Silesia, as well as in the Holy Cross Mountains (Fig. 1). From the latter area only Beyrichites sp., Beneckeia buchi, and Beneckeia sp. are known (Trammer t97f; Senkowiczowa 1991). More species are known from Silesia, mainly owing to the pre-SecondWorldWarworks of Noetling (1880),HoldefleiB (1915), Rassmuss (1915) for Lower Silesia and of Assmann (1937)for Upper Silesia. More recentĘ a few new 94 Atnmonoids from Silesia; KAIM & MEDŹWIDZKI finds of ammonoidshave been published by Leśniak(1978a) from Lower Silesia and by Podstolski (1980) from Upper Silesia. Dzik (1990) described a new specimen of Acrochordiceras from Strzelce Opolskie in Upper Silesia. He also redescribed and refiguredsome of Noetling's (1880)and Rassmuss'(1915) specimens of ammonoids from Raciborowice (formerly Alt GroB-Hartmannsdorf) in Lower Silesia, which are housed at the Museum ftir Naturkunde of the Humboldt University in Berlin. During field studies on the Silesian Lower Muschelkalk by Kaim (1995, 1997), Chrząstek (|996) and Niedźwiedzkj (1998) additional specimens have been found, with well defined stratigraphicpositions. The purpose of the presentpaper is to describe these new specimens,to review the knowledgeof Lower Muschelkalk ammonoidsin Silesia, and to examine their relations to the ammonoidsof the Tethys. The collection is housed at the Instituteof Paleobiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences,Warsaw (abreviatedzPLL) and at the Geological Museum of the Instituteof Geological Sciences of WrocławUniversity (abreviatedMGUWr). Geological setting The ammonoids described here come from the Upper and Lower Silesia regions in southernPoland. The area of Upper Silesia (Fig. 1) was located during Anisian time directly at the mouth of the Silesian-Moravian Gate connecting the Germanic Basin with the Tethys.According to Urlichs & Mundlos (1985)the areaof Upper Silesia was a place where ammonoids enteredfrom the ocean into the Germanic Basin. Lower Silesia (Fig. 1) is located somewhatto the north of the Sudety Mountains, which were a northernpart of the Vindelician High duńng the Middle Triassic. Upper Silesia. - The Middle Triassic (Muschelkalk) deposits of Upper Silesia are generallyfully marine with the maximum transgressioncoinciding with the Terebratu- la Beds (Fig. 2; Szulc 1993). They are underlain by shallow-water dolomites and evaporitesof the Rót, and overlain by continentaldeposits of the Keuper (Szulc 1993). The lithostratigraphicscheme of the Lower Muschelkalk was establishedby Assmann (1944) and it remains valid to this day. He divided the Lower Muschelkalk into four hthological units underlain by the shallow-waterdolomites of the RÓt (Fig. 2). The fully marine sedimentsof the Gogolin Beds startwith organodetritallimestone composed of crinoid columnals and bivalve shells (so called 'layer with Dadocrinus and Pecterz').The rest of the Gogolin Beds is developed as micritic limestones and marls, commonly deformed in a wavy manner ('Wellenkak' sensu Assmann t944). There are two distinctive marker-bedsin this part of succession:a 'cavemous lime- stone' (see Bodzioch & Kwiatkowski 1992),and an intraformationalbreccia. Fossils are uncommon in the micritic limestones and marls, and are representedmainly by bivalves and trace fossils. In the upper part of the Gogolin Beds nautilids were found and in some places layers of gastropodcoquinas and crinoidal limestone occur. The Górazdze Beds ale composedof threeunits of oncolitic limestoneseparated by beds of micritic limestone.In the oncolitic limestonebivalves, gastropods,brachiopods and cńnoid elements are common. The highest faunal diversity of the whole Lower Muschelkalk is found in thesebeds (Niedźwiedz|<t1998). The micńtic limestonesare ACTA PALAEONTOLOGTCA POLOMCA (44) (1) 95 lffilt"rrigenous marineand continental facies ffi carbonatefacies -t - .r_ areasor non-deposiuon Ę!, -l Tethyan Realm I I o.-J"porit, ero<i,.d Muschelkalk outcrops ffi Upper Triassic ffi Muschelkalk l,owerTiiassic Palaeozoic fault tffil wn ,/ Fig. 1.A. Middle Triassic palaeogeographyof Poland.Modified afterDzik & Trammer(1980). B. Geologi- cal sketch map of the western part of Upper Silesia. Modified after Bodzioch (1997). 96 Ammonoidsfrom Silesra: KAIM & MEDZWIEDZKI Depth curve Strzelce OpolsOpolskie Góra ŚwiętejAnny Górażdże Upper Silesian (Szulc 1993) lithostratigraphy relative ](ARCHOWICE)WICEBEDS (Assmann1944) shallowing <- E'+ p deepening Keuper rr-\..........e\ 'oruszolltllc€ v o Seds v i'..'|'.....' E i, Wlkowice 6 Beds il o il c ..i.{.........' o o ą Tamowice o ą it o ffi f Beds :l ..i..ł.. .'''. .. E = !\ o (E ui< Diplopora = 6 i€ Beds p ż3 c ZPALAm.Xlll.2 o ..;.....\. o MGUWr.5283.s :l CI .E it Beds :l o :\ o :l U) "i""""\" o o Terebratula I.JJ il d) ! Beds 6 ..i......../... v E il I E GórażdŻe f o a Beds :l Ę = t o "t""1""' @ = it IrJ JJ it lr :t uJ F wr II iI EE ot MGUWr.5282.s Gogolin il iI IJJJ Beds it :iE T--r--r rl il = iI '----- / o ZPALAm.Xlll.l (S :-:- Rót I E MGUWr.5281.s (l'= _9 l'' GÓRMDZE BEDS E= marlsand mar|y|imestone tffi#El grainstone Ltl crinoida||imestone FT micńtic|imestone W coquinas and nodularlimestone amronoidfinds ffiwavy f?=- intraformationalbreccia @ Fig. 2. Lithostratigraphy and depth curve of the Upper Silesian Muschelkalk Basin and localisation of the ammonoids in the Terebratula Beds. For correlation with the TeĘan Realm see Fig. 4. poor in fossils and yield only badly preserved,uncommon trace fossils. Wave ripple- marks are commonly preservedand in the uppermostpart hummocky cross stratifica- tion is developed. The TerebratulaBeds (Fig. 2) are tripartite,with the lower part composedof poorly fossiliferous laminated marl or marly limestone.There is a crinoidal limestone in the middle part of the unit, and its upper part consists of nodular.andwavy limestoneand marls with intercalationsof brachiopod and bivalve coquinas (Fig. 2); the reader is referred to Kaim (1997) for a detailed description of the TerebratulaBeds and their benthic assemblages. ACTA PALAEONTOLOGTCA POLOMCA (44) (1) 97 The Karchowice Beds predominantlycomprise crinoidal limestones,coquinas and oncolitic limestones,with subordinatemicritic intercalations.This unit is famous for its sponge-coral-echinodermbioherms (Morycow a I974; B odzioch 1997). The Upper Silesian ammonoidsdescribed herein come from the upper part of the Gogolin Beds, the TerebratulaBeds and the Karchowice Beds of the Strzelce Opolskie Quarry; from the TerebrafulaBeds of the Góra Świętej Anny Quarry and the GóraŻdŻe Quany; and from the Lower Gogolin Beds of Gogolin (Figs 18,2). Lower Silesia. - The first descriptionof the Muschelkalk in Lower Silesia was made by Noetling (1880), who establishedits lithostratigraphicsubdivision and descńbed the palaeontologicalcontent of thę strata.Additionalpalaeontologicaldata and a more detailedlithostratigraphic subdivision were provided by HoldefleiB (1915).Additional data on lithology, sedimentology and palaeontologyfrom outcrops and/or borehole cores were provided by Leśniak(1978a, b), Szulc (1991) and Chrząstek& Niedź- wiedzki (1998).Chrząstek (1996)has provided a microfacies analysis as well as new data on the palaeontology and sedimentology of the Lower Silesian and Sudetian Muschelkalk. The best outcrop of the Lower Silesian Muschelkalk is that of Raciborowice (Fig. 1A). The lithological units in the Raciborowice quarry fit the schemeapplied to the Lower Muschelkalk in Utriper Silesia. Following the correlation of Chrząstek (1996:table 4) we also apply Assmann's (1944)scheme to Lower Silesia. The main differencein comparison with the Upper Silesian Muschelkalk
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taxonomy, Stratigraphy and Phylogeny of the Ne\T Genus Lanceoptychites (Ammonoidea, Anisian)
    Rivìsta Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia pagine 143-i66 TAXONOMY, STRATIGRAPHY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE NE\T GENUS LANCEOPTYCHITES (AMMONOIDEA, ANISIAN) MARCO BALINI Receìoed February 10, 1998; accepted ApriL 3, 1998 Key-zuords: Ammonoidea, Population analysis, Triassic, Ani- Damit kann bewiesen werden, dafl das Auftreten einer subakuten./fa- sien, Biostratigraphy, Phylogeny, Northern Alps, Southern Alps. stigaten Externseite unci eines lanzettfórmigen \'Vindungsquerschnitts wlhrend des lVachstums, bei flachen Ptychitidae, eine normale onto- Riassunto. Viene effettuato per la prima volta uno studio po- genetische Entwicklung darstellt und dass es sich dabei nicht um 'Va- polazionistico degli Ptychitidae compressi (Ammonoidea) raccolti chstumsanomalien handelt, wie rnanchrnal rn der Literatur vermutet strato-per-strxto nel Calcare dr Prezzo (Anisico superiore, Alpi meri- wurde. Ammonoideen mit einer solch eigentùmlicher Ontogenese dionali). Si dimostra come in alcune popolazioni di Ptychitidi com- werden nun aus der Gattung Flexoptychites, zt d.er nur noch flache pressi durante I'ontogenesi si possa verificare una modificazione del Ptychitiden mit gerundeter Externseite gerechnet werden, ;rusgeglie- ventre, che diventa subacuto/Íastigato mentre la sezione deì giro di- den und zur neuen Gattung Lanceoptychìtes gestellt. Die neue Gat- venta lanceolata. Questo particolare sviluppo della zona ventrale non tung ist eine sekundàre Abspeltung von F/exoptychires und umfasst è dovuto ad anomalie di crescita, come talvolta riponato in letteratu- zur Zett aus vier Arten: Lanceoptycbites telox sp. n, (Typusrrt), l sryx ra, ma è un normale sviluppo ontogenetico. Gli Ammonoidi con que- sp. n., l. indistinctus (Mojsisovics, 1882) und L. cbarlyanus (Diener, sto tipo particolare di ontogenesi sono separati dal genere Flexoptychi- 1900). Z. sllx und seine peramorphe Abspaltung L.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Sauropsid Reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the Western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, the Netherlands
    A new species of the sauropsid reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, The Netherlands NICOLE KLEIN and PAUL C.H. ALBERS Klein, N. and Albers, P.C.H. 2009. A new species of the sauropsid reptile Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of the western Germanic Basin, Winterswijk, The Netherlands. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (4): 589–598. doi:10.4202/ app.2008.0083 A nothosaur skull recently discovered from the Lower Muschelkalk (early Anisian) locality of Winterswijk, The Nether− lands, represents at only 46 mm in length the smallest nothosaur skull known today. It resembles largely the skull mor− phology of Nothosaurus marchicus. Differences concern beside the size, the straight rectangular and relative broad parietals, the short posterior extent of the maxilla, the skull proportions, and the overall low number of maxillary teeth. In spite of its small size, the skull can not unequivocally be interpreted as juvenile. It shows fused premaxillae, nasals, frontals, and parietals, a nearly co−ossified jugal, and fully developed braincase elements, such as a basisphenoid and mas− sive epipterygoids. Adding the specimen to an existing phylogenetic analysis shows that it should be assigned to a new species, Nothosaurus winkelhorsti sp. nov., at least until its juvenile status can be unequivocally verified. Nothosaurus winkelhorsti sp. nov. represents, together with Nothosaurus juvenilis, the most basal nothosaur, so far. Key words: Sauropterygia, Nothosaurus, ontogeny, Anisian, The Netherlands. Nicole Klein [nklein@uni−bonn.de], Steinmann−Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Universtät Bonn, Nußallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Paul C.H. Albers [[email protected]], Naturalis, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Silicification and Organic Matter Preservation In
    Central European Geology, Vol. 60/1, 35–52 (2017) DOI: 10.1556/24.60.2017.002 First published online February 28, 2017 Silicification and organic matter preservation in the Anisian Muschelkalk: Implications for the basin dynamics of the central European Muschelkalk Sea Annette E. Götz1*, Michael Montenari1, Gelu Costin2 1School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom 2Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA Received: July 19, 2016; accepted: October 3, 2016 Anisian Muschelkalk carbonates of the southern Germanic Basin containing silicified ooidal grainstone are interpreted as evidence of changing pH conditions triggered by increased bioproductivity (marine phytoplankton) and terrestrial input of plant debris during maximum flooding. Three distinct stages of calcite ooid replacement by silica were detected. Stage 1 reflects authigenic quartz development during the growth of the ooids, suggesting a change in the pH–temperature regime of the depositional environment. Stages 2 and 3 are found in silica-rich domains. The composition of silica-rich ooids shows significant Al2O3 and SrO but no FeO and MnO, indicating that late diagenetic alteration was minor. Silicified interparticle pore space is characterized by excellent preservation of marine prasinophytes; palynological slides show high abundance of terrestrial phytoclasts. The implications of our findings for basin dynamics reach from paleogeography to cyclostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy, since changes in the seawater chemistry and sedimentary organic matter distribution reflect both the marine conditions as well as the hinterland. Basin interior changes might overprint the influence of the Tethys Ocean through the eastern and western gate areas. Stratigraphically, such changes might enhance marine flooding signals.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of the Upper Illyrian Ammonoid Subzone Marker Reitziites Reitzi in the Karst Dinarides
    75 The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin First record of the upper Illyrian UDC: 551.7:551.8 ammonoid subzone marker DOI: 10.17794/rgn.2020.2.7 Reitziites reitzi in the Karst Dinarides Original scientific paper Duje Smirčić1; Dražen Japundžić2; Nikolina GaberšeK1, Dunja Aljinović1, Nediljka Prlj-Šimić2, Katarina Krizmanić2, Uroš Barudžija1, Ivor Pavić1 1Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR10000 Zagreb 2Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, HR10000 Zagreb Abstract Middle Triassic deposits in the Karst Dinarides (south Lika area, near Gračac) were investigated for petrological, sedi- mentological and biostratigraphic determinations. Within two continuously recorded sections of sedimentary carbon- ates and interlayered pyroclastic rocks (Mali Kunovac and Kunovac sections) reflecting variable sedimentary-magmatic environments, valuable cephalopod fauna ranging from the middle Illyrian to the upper Illyrian age was found. The most significant was the recovery of the ammonoids Asseretoceras sp., indicating the upper part of the Illyrian Paraceratites trinodosus Zone, and Reitziites reitzi species which marks the upper part of the Illyrian Reitziites reitzi Zone. The dis- covery of the Reitziites reitzi species was not known from the Karst Dinarides until this finding. Keywords: Karst Dinarides, Croatia, Middle Triassic, biostratigraphy, ammonoids 1. Introduction 2. Geological setting Biostratigraphic zonation according to ammonoids The investigated area is located in the southern part of has a very high resolution and is still considered one of Lika, in Croatia. In a geological sense, the area represents the best correlative principles for the Middle Triassic. the central part of the Karst Dinarides. The wider area of There are many recent works that consider ammonoids as Kunovac has been investigated in the frame of basic geo- the important correlative marker in spite of the wide use logical mapping, and the area of our interest covers the of conodonts in biostratigraphic correlations.
    [Show full text]
  • GUIDEBOOK the Mid-Triassic Muschelkalk in Southern Poland: Shallow-Marine Carbonate Sedimentation in a Tectonically Active Basin
    31st IAS Meeting of Sedimentology Kraków 2015 GUIDEBOOK The Mid-Triassic Muschelkalk in southern Poland: shallow-marine carbonate sedimentation in a tectonically active basin Guide to field trip B5 • 26–27 June 2015 Joachim Szulc, Michał Matysik, Hans Hagdorn 31st IAS Meeting of Sedimentology INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION Kraków, Poland • June 2015 OF SEDIMENTOLOGISTS 225 Guide to field trip B5 (26–27 June 2015) The Mid-Triassic Muschelkalk in southern Poland: shallow-marine carbonate sedimentation in a tectonically active basin Joachim Szulc1, Michał Matysik2, Hans Hagdorn3 1Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland ([email protected]) 2Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark ([email protected]) 3Muschelkalk Musem, Ingelfingen, Germany (encrinus@hagdorn-ingelfingen) Route (Fig. 1): From Kraków we take motorway (Żyglin quarry, stop B5.3). From Żyglin we drive by A4 west to Chrzanów; we leave it for road 781 to Płaza road 908 to Tarnowskie Góry then to NW by road 11 to (Kans-Pol quarry, stop B5.1). From Płaza we return to Tworog. From Tworog west by road 907 to Toszek and A4, continue west to Mysłowice and leave for road A1 then west by road 94 to Strzelce Opolskie. From Strzelce to Siewierz (GZD quarry, stop B5.2). From Siewierz Opolskie we take road 409 to Kalinów and then turn we drive A1 south to Podskale cross where we leave south onto a local road to Góra Sw. Anny (accomoda- for S1 westbound to Pyrzowice and then by road 78 to tion). From Góra św. Anny we drive north by a local road Niezdara.
    [Show full text]
  • The Carnian Humid Episode of the Late Triassic: a Review
    The Carnian Humid Episode of the late Triassic: A Review Ruffell, A., Simms, M. J., & Wignall, P. B. (2016). The Carnian Humid Episode of the late Triassic: A Review. Geological Magazine, 153(Special Issue 2), 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756815000424 Published in: Geological Magazine Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © 2015 Cambridge University Press General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:01. Oct. 2021 Geol. Mag. XXX, The Carnian Humid Episode of the late Triassic: A Review A.RUFFELL*, M.J. SIMMSt & P.B.WIGNALL** *School of Geography, Archaeology & Palaeoecology, Queen’s University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, N.Ireland tNational Museums Northern Ireland, Cultra, Holywood, Co. Down, BT18 0EU [email protected] **School of Earth and Environment, The University of Leeds, Leeds. LS2 9JT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - From 1989 to 1994 a series of papers outlined evidence for a brief episode of climate change from arid to humid, and then back to arid, during the Carnian Stage of the late Triassic.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY
    MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Families J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A COMPENDIUM OF FOSSIL MARINE FAMILIES J. JOHN SEPKOSKI, JR. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago REVIEWERS FOR THIS PUBLICATION: Robert Gernant, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee David M. Raup, Field Museum of Natural History Frederick R. Schram, San Diego Natural History Museum Peter M. Sheehan, Milwaukee Public Museum ISBN 0-893260-081-9 Milwaukee Public Museum Press Published by the Order of the Board of Trustees CONTENTS Abstract ---- ---------- -- - ----------------------- 2 Introduction -- --- -- ------ - - - ------- - ----------- - - - 2 Compendium ----------------------------- -- ------ 6 Protozoa ----- - ------- - - - -- -- - -------- - ------ - 6 Porifera------------- --- ---------------------- 9 Archaeocyatha -- - ------ - ------ - - -- ---------- - - - - 14 Coelenterata -- - -- --- -- - - -- - - - - -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - -- 17 Platyhelminthes - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- --- - - - - - - 24 Rhynchocoela - ---- - - - - ---- --- ---- - - ----------- - 24 Priapulida ------ ---- - - - - -- - - -- - ------ - -- ------ 24 Nematoda - -- - --- --- -- - -- --- - -- --- ---- -- - - -- -- 24 Mollusca ------------- --- --------------- ------ 24 Sipunculida ---------- --- ------------ ---- -- --- - 46 Echiurida ------ - --- - - - - - --- --- - -- --- - -- - - ---
    [Show full text]
  • And Early Jurassic Sediments, and Patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic
    and Early Jurassic sediments, and patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic PAUL E. OLSEN AND tetrapod transition HANS-DIETER SUES Introduction parent answer was that the supposed mass extinc- The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic boundary is fre- tions in the tetrapod record were largely an artifact quently cited as one of the thirteen or so episodes of incorrect or questionable biostratigraphic corre- of major extinctions that punctuate Phanerozoic his- lations. On reexamining the problem, we have come tory (Colbert 1958; Newell 1967; Hallam 1981; Raup to realize that the kinds of patterns revealed by look- and Sepkoski 1982, 1984). These times of apparent ing at the change in taxonomic composition through decimation stand out as one class of the great events time also profoundly depend on the taxonomic levels in the history of life. and the sampling intervals examined. We address Renewed interest in the pattern of mass ex- those problems in this chapter. We have now found tinctions through time has stimulated novel and com- that there does indeed appear to be some sort of prehensive attempts to relate these patterns to other extinction event, but it cannot be examined at the terrestrial and extraterrestrial phenomena (see usual coarse levels of resolution. It requires new fine- Chapter 24). The Triassic-Jurassic boundary takes scaled documentation of specific faunal and floral on special significance in this light. First, the faunal transitions. transitions have been cited as even greater in mag- Stratigraphic correlation of geographically dis- nitude than those of the Cretaceous or the Permian junct rocks and assemblages predetermines our per- (Colbert 1958; Hallam 1981; see also Chapter 24).
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Stratigraphic Names
    Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 23, 2021 Glossary of stratigraphic names This index attempts to list in alphabetical order all proper strati- completed here in square brackets where it differs. Constituent graphic names from Svalbard literature. It cannot be complete, units are listed generally from the top down. although most names encountered during work on this book have As explained in Sections 18.3 and 19.3.2 correlated units in the an entry. Each entry begins with the name and its stratigraphic rank Hammerfest Basin have been included. abbreviated. The name occurs and may be defined in the translation of the Aavatsmarkbreen Fm (Harland et al. 1993) Comfortlessbreen Russian Publication of Gramberg et al. (1990, Dallmann & Mork Gp; V2, Edi; 9 13. 1991 (eds)). This is a valuable source of further information which * Aberdeenflya Fm (SKS 1996, after Rye Larsen ) McVitiepynten supplements this work. Gramberg et al. is indeed especially valu- Sbgp; Pg; 9 20. able because the Russian entries are interpreted by the authors' *t Adriabukta Fro. (Birkenmajer & Turnau 1962) Billefjorden Gp; colleagues. However, the presently recommended equivalents of Meranfjellet, Julhogda, Haitanna mbrs; Cl,Tou-Vis; 10, 17. many named units are different from that work. :~t Adventdalen Gp (Parker 1967) Janusfjellet Subgp; Carolinefjel- * Names have been recommended for use by the Stratigrafisk let, Helvetiafjellet, Rurikfjellet, Agardhfjellet, Kong Karls Komite for Svalbard (SKS) of Norsk Stratigrafisk Komite (NSK). Land, Kongsoya fms; J2-K~; 4 5, 19; it has been suggested to At the time of collation of this book the SKS had provisionally include Kolmule, Kolje, Knurr, Hekkingen and Fuglen fms of agreed only on post-Devonian stratigraphic nomenclature, hence Hammerfest Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Exceptional Fossil Preservation During CO2 Greenhouse Crises? Gregory J
    Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 307 (2011) 59–74 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Exceptional fossil preservation during CO2 greenhouse crises? Gregory J. Retallack Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA article info abstract Article history: Exceptional fossil preservation may require not only exceptional places, but exceptional times, as demonstrated Received 27 October 2010 here by two distinct types of analysis. First, irregular stratigraphic spacing of horizons yielding articulated Triassic Received in revised form 19 April 2011 fishes and Cambrian trilobites is highly correlated in sequences in different parts of the world, as if there were Accepted 21 April 2011 short temporal intervals of exceptional preservation globally. Second, compilations of ages of well-dated fossil Available online 30 April 2011 localities show spikes of abundance which coincide with stage boundaries, mass extinctions, oceanic anoxic events, carbon isotope anomalies, spikes of high atmospheric carbon dioxide, and transient warm-wet Keywords: Lagerstatten paleoclimates. Exceptional fossil preservation may have been promoted during unusual times, comparable with fi Fossil preservation the present: CO2 greenhouse crises of expanding marine dead zones, oceanic acidi cation, coral bleaching, Trilobite wetland eutrophication, sea level rise, ice-cap melting, and biotic invasions. Fish © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Carbon dioxide Greenhouse 1. Introduction Zeigler, 1992), sperm (Nishida et al., 2003), nuclei (Gould, 1971)and starch granules (Baxter, 1964). Taphonomic studies of such fossils have Commercial fossil collectors continue to produce beautifully pre- emphasized special places where fossils are exceptionally preserved pared, fully articulated, complex fossils of scientific(Simmons et al., (Martin, 1999; Bottjer et al., 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins
    Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3789969/9781565760936_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 26 September 2021 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3789969/9781565760936_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 26 September 2021 MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF EUROPEAN BASINS PREFACE Concepts of seismic and sequence stratigraphy as outlined in To further stress the importance of well-calibrated chronos- publications since 1977 made a substantial impact on sedimen- tratigraphic frameworks for the stratigraphic positioning of geo- tary geology. The notion that changes in relative sea level shape logic events such as depositional sequence boundaries in a va- sediment in predictable packages across the planet was intui- riety of depositional settings in a large number of basins, the tively attractive to many sedimentologists and stratigraphers. project sponsored a biostratigraphic calibration effort directed The initial stratigraphic record of Mesozoic and Cenozoic dep- at all biostratigraphic disciplines willing to participate. The re- ositional sequences, laid down in response to changes in relative sults of this biostratigraphic calibration effort are summarized sea level, published in Science in 1987 was greeted with great, on eight charts included in this volume. albeit mixed, interest. The concept of sequence stratigraphy re- This volume also addresses the question of cyclicity as a ceived much acclaim whereas the chronostratigraphic record of function of the interaction between tectonics, eustasy, sediment Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences suffered from a perceived supply and depositional setting. An attempt was made to estab- absence of biostratigraphic and outcrop documentation. The lish a hierarchy of higher order eustatic cycles superimposed Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European on lower-order tectono-eustatic cycles.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying Morphological Variability Through the Latest Ontogeny Of
    QUANTIFYING MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY THROUGH THE LATEST ONTOGENY OF HOPLOSCAPHITES (JELETZKYTES) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS WESTERN INTERIOR USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AS A MORPHOMETRIC TOOL Mathew J. Knauss A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2013 Committee: Margaret M. Yacobucci, Advisor Enrique Gomezdelcampo Sheila Roberts © 2013 Mathew J. Knauss All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Margaret M. Yacobucci, Advisor Ammonoids are known for their intraspecific and interspecific morphological variation through ontogeny, particularly in shell shape and ornamentation. Many shell features covary and individual shell elements (e.g., tubercles, ribs, etc.) are difficult to homologize, which make qualitative descriptions and widely-used morphometric tools inappropriate for quantifying these complex morphologies. However, spatial analyses such as those applied in geographic information systems (GIS) allow for quantification and visualization of global shell form. Here, I present a GIS-based methodology in which the variability of complex shell features is assessed in order to evaluate evolutionary patterns in a Cretaceous ammonoid clade. I applied GIS-based techniques to sister species from the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway: the ancestral and more variable Hoploscaphites spedeni, and descendant and less variable H. nebrascensis. I created digital models exhibiting the shells’ lateral surfaces using photogrammetric software and imported the reconstructions into a GIS environment. I used the number of discrete aspect patches and the 3D to 2D area ratios of the lateral surface as terrain roughness indices. These 3D analyses exposed the overlapping morphological ranges of H. spedeni and H.
    [Show full text]