DOCSLIB.ORG

Design and Fabrication of Airborne Wind Turbine Using Analytical & Fea Technique

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Design and Fabrication of Airborne Wind Turbine Using Analytical & Fea Technique International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8, Issue-6S3, April 2019 Design and Fabrication of Airborne Wind Turbine Using Analytical & Fea Technique Apurva Potdar, Mohammed Ahmedullah Khan, Mohamed Khalid, Mohammed Rifhan, Sandeep Joshi, Sampath S S, Veerakumar M, Chitrai Pon Selvan ABSTRACT: Wind is the amplest source of energy after Solar. turbine and generator assembly into the atmosphere. The Considering the rise in demand for alternatives to conventional kite designs have the generator on the ground and rotational generation of electricity using fuel, wind energy is an attractive power is generated due to the tensile force acting on the sustainable solution. This project focuses on the design and tethers, this design beneficial as the generator weight does fabrication of an airborne wind turbine, which is a new generation of wind turbine systems that consists of a turbine not have to be lifted for power generation. Figure 1 shows elevated at high altitude using helium balloon tied with tethers to the amount of power generated using wind energy in various restrict movement. The current work focuses to overcome the regions. Maximum amount of 32000 MW is produced in limitations of ground-based windmills by reducing production 2015 in Asia. costs, location constraints and altitude limit. The prototype built is modelled using CREO software and it is simulated using ANSYS Work Bench to enhance the structural stability and obtaining design parameters. The system has a maximum capacity to generate up to 700 W, which is enough to supply half a high electricity consumption household. KEYWORD: Airborne, sustainability, helium, tethers, FEA. INTRODUCTION: The technology of wind energy is in existence and in use since centuries. Sailors have used the principle of aerodynamic lift since an early time [1]. Around 200 BC, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) were found at the Persian-Afghan border followed by the discovery of horizontal axis turbines in the Mediterranean and Fig.1 Annual Installed Capacity by Region [3]. Netherlands around 1300 to 1875 AD [2]. A notable leap in the wind energy development was when the US government Ground based systems have limitations such as instability took interest in the research and development of this field, of wind and high cost of installation. The airborne wind after the oil crisis of 1973 [2]. In an attempt to generate eco- systems provide advantage over conventional wind turbines friendlier and sustainable electricity, unlike the conventional such that they can reach higher controllable altitudes and method of using fossil fuels, there has been a serious amount wind at such high altitudes is more stable and has potential of consideration and interest shown on the wind energy to generate more power. Also, airborne wind turbine development in the last thirty years [2]. Looking at the latest systems have lower cost of installation [4]. The speed of global wind statistics, the wind energy has developed at a wind plays an important role in the amount of power steady rate in the last 8 years, especially in Asia and Europe generated. At about height of 10 meters the wind speed [3]. The concept of “Airborne” wind energy systems has obtained is 6 m/s. The higher we go more speed is achieved come up in the last few years. These systems mainly consist due to less obstruction and there is less turbulence. Due to of extraction of wind energy without a stationary tower to availability of artificial fibres like Nylon, Rayon, Dacron support the system. A major classification among these are which are 30 to 100 times stronger than steel and have the helium filled buoyant systems and the kite design densities 2-5 times less, it is possible to tether this system to systems. The former uses a helium filled balloon to lift the the ground [4]. The scope of this work is limited to the design and fabrication of a wind turbine using two Revised Manuscript Received on April 12, 2019. generators of 350 W which can be lifted by a helium Apurva Potdar, Undergraduate Students of Mechanical Engineering, balloon. It is sufficient to supply half the power required to Manipal Academy of Higher Education Dubai. Mohammed Ahmedullah Khan, Undergraduate Students of run a household. Taking into consideration of the fact that Mechanical Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Dubai. helium is expensive, the project has been constrained to Mohamed Khalid, Undergraduate Students of Mechanical work within the weight limit of 8 kg. The maximum altitude Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Dubai. Mohammed Rifhan, Undergraduate Students of Mechanical that this system is to be studied under is within a limit of 10 Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Dubai. to 15 m above ground, taking into consideration that, to Sandeep Joshi, Undergraduate Students of Mechanical Engineering, access higher altitude wind, a stable system is required. Manipal Academy of Higher Education Dubai. Sampath S S, Assistant Professors of Mechanical Engineering, Regardless of the height limit of this project, literature and Manipal Academy of Higher Education Dubai Veerakumar M, Assistant Professors of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Dubai Chitrai Pon Selvan, Head of School, School of Science and Engineering, Curtin University Dubai, UAE Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11500486S319/19©BEIESP 754 & Sciences Publication Design and Fabrication of Airborne Wind Turbine using Analytical & Fea Technique related material has been studied. The current methods of it gets really extreme. Bas Lansdorp and Prof. Dr. W.J. J generating power using wind energy have a high investment Ockels [9] proposed the wing concept which is used to lift and are inefficient. The motivation behind this project is to the body and it is attached by the tether that is used to drive eliminate the problems of a traditional wind turbine and the generator. The authors explained several concepts that make an airborne wind turbine that is relatively inexpensive benefit the high-altitude wind energy. First concept was the and can generate more or equivalent amount of power ladder mill which makes use of endless tethers with wings without using up much space like a wind turbine farm that attached on it. Second concept was the pump mill that uses needs a large area to be functional. Moving forward our single tether with a number of wings distributed evenly over fossil fuel resources will be extinguished and there will be a it. When the authors compared both the concept, it was need for a new sustainable and renewable method of power found that ladder mill has better weather mobility than generation. In UAE the main source of renewable energy is pumping mill but on ground station pumping mill is simpler solar energy. The aim of this project is to support the design than the ladder mill. Finally based on numerical comparison, and fabrication of an airborne wind turbine so that solar and amount of material required for ladder mill is doubled than wind energy together can completely replace traditional the pumping mill. means of power generation. Alexander Bolonkin [11] proposed the ground-based wind energy extraction system which talks about the RELATED STUDY: limitations of current design such as wind stability, high cost Moritz Diehl [5] is mainly focused on basic concepts on of installation and small output of a single unit. The author airborne wind turbine. It introduces the main basic describes how the wind is clean and unlimited source of fundamental ideas on different types of airborne wind energy and how it is utilized for renewable vitality for many turbine systems like the idea of crosswind kite power- i.e. decades. This paper concludes by explaining the problems when tethered wings fly fast in the crosswind direction then, of launching, starting, guidance and control, stability of the theoretically very high-power densities is obtained of around device at high altitudes. Lorenzo Fagiano and Trevor 40 kW/m2 of total area of the wing. The work talks about Marks [10] talk about basic airborne wind turbine energy different ways to generate power that are classified in this that aims to produce wind vitality at high altitudes by paper according to Moritz Diehl -like On Board Generation, providing wing linked to the ground by using tethers. This i.e the apparent wind at the wing is driven by a small paper aims to fill partially the details of the complete design airborne wind turbine. The paper also discusses about the of small prototype by studying airborne wind turbine, Ground based generation on how fast moving tethered including power supply mechanics, actuators, low level wings do not use high volts of electrical transmission, via control system, wings and lines, sensors and human- tethers the strong tether tension is directly unrolling from a machine interface. The authors focused on the main design drum and it drives an electric generator and, in this way, of small prototype which allows system to perform number both the drum and generator are placed on the ground. of test aspects, including aerodynamic and wind design, line Airborne wind energy for vehicle propulsion is also and wing fatigue. They concluded that the basic maneuvers classified in the paper and that how strong tethered tension can be used to operate the prototype and it can be is used directly to drive a vehicle on the ground. This paper consistently. A. Fazlizan et al. [7] talks about an innovative also describes about the fundamental physical limits of device called the ODGV (Omni-directional-guide-vane) airborne wind energy, cosine losses due to gravity and the which is placed around a VAWT. Its design was made to power limit of airborne wind energy. The paper concludes increase the performance in terms of its power output, by comparing all the types of power generation and its rotational speed and self-starting behaviour as well as to limitations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Investigation of Innovative Structuers and Materials of the Towers Used in Wind Turbines
    SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION OF INNOVATIVE STRUCTUERS AND MATERIALS OF THE TOWERS USED IN WIND TURBINES Rawane Abdaoui Suppurvised by : Abderrazzak El Boukili May 3rd / 2018 Table of Contents Table of Figures .......................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8 STEEPLE ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1: General Overview on Wind Turbines ...................................................................... 13 How is wind created?..................................................................................................................... 13 Types of Turbines based on the site .................................................................................................. 16 Offshore wind farms ...................................................................................................................... 16 Onshore wind farms ...................................................................................................................... 17 Types of Wind Turbines based on formalities ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Theme 1 | Mini-Symposia WESC 2021
    Theme 1 | Mini-Symposia Mini-Symposium: Advances in Lattice Boltzmann Methods in Wind Energy Stefan Ivanell, Henrik Asmuth (Uppsala University) Mini-Symposium: Advances in Lattice Boltzmann Methods in Wind Energy May 25 13:40 - 15:20 CEST Session Chairs: Stefan Ivanell (Uppsala University) (moderators) Henrik Asmuth (Uppsala University) Time Duration Speaker Affiliation Title 13:45 - 14:15 25 + 5 min Manfed Krafczyk TU Braunschweig GPGPU-accelerated Urban Scale Wind Simulations based on Lattice-Boltzmann methods Eastern Switzerland University Investigation of the influence of the inlet boundary conditions on the turbulent flow over 14:15 - 14:35 15 + 5 min Alain Schubiger of Applied Sciences a smooth 3-D hill 14:35 - 14:55 15 + 5 min Henrik Asmuth Uppsala University Lattice Boltzmann Large-eddy Simulation of Neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layers Friedrich-Alexander University A Holistic CPU/GPU Approach for the Actuator Line Model in Lattice Boltzmann 14:55 - 15:15 15 + 5 min Helen Schottenhamml Erlangen Simulations Session briefing: starting from 12:30 CEST (same virtual room) WESC 2021 Theme 1 | Mini-Symposia Mini-Symposium: Array-Array Interactions and Downstream Wake Effects Rebecca J. Barthelmie, Sara C. Pryor (Cornell University), Charlotte Hasager (DTU Wind Energy) Mini-Symposium: Array-Array Interactions and Downstream Wake Effects (I) May 25 15:30 - 17:10 CEST Session Chairs: Sara C. Pryor (Cornell University) (moderators) Charlotte Hasager (DTU Wind Energy) Time Duration Speaker Affiliation Title 15:30 - 15:50 15 + 5 min Jana
    [Show full text]
  • SRI: Wind Power Generation Project Main Report
    Environment Impact Assessment (Draft) May 2017 SRI: Wind Power Generation Project Main Report Prepared by Ceylon Electricity Board, Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy, Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 17 May 2017) Currency unit – Sri Lankan rupee/s(SLRe/SLRs) SLRe 1.00 = $0.00655 $1.00 = SLRs 152.70 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CCD – Coast Conservation and Coastal Resource Management Department CEA – Central Environmental Authority CEB – Ceylon Electricity Board DoF – Department of Forest DS – District Secretary DSD – District Secretaries Division DWC – Department of Wildlife Conservation EA – executing agency EIA – environmental impact assessment EMoP – environmental monitoring plan EMP – environmental management plan EPC – engineering,procurement and construction GND – Grama Niladhari GoSL – Government of Sri Lanka GRM – grievance redress mechanism IA – implementing agency IEE – initial environmental examination LA – Local Authority LARC – Land Acquisition and Resettlement Committee MPRE – Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy MSL – mean sea level NARA – National Aquatic Resources Research & Development Agency NEA – National Environmental Act PIU – project implementation unit PRDA – Provincial Road Development Authority PUCSL – Public Utility Commission of Sri Lanka RDA – Road Development Authority RE – Rural Electrification RoW – right of way SLSEA – Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority WT – wind turbine WEIGHTS AND MEASURES GWh – 1 gigawatt hour = 1,000 Megawatt hour 1 ha – 1 hectare=10,000 square meters km – 1 kilometre = 1,000 meters kV – 1 kilovolt =1,000 volts MW – 1 megawatt = 1,000 Kilowatt NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Access Statement April 2015 FULBECK AIRFIELD WIND FARM DESIGN and ACCESS STATEMENT
    Energiekontor UK Ltd Design and Access Statement April 2015 FULBECK AIRFIELD WIND FARM DESIGN AND ACCESS STATEMENT Contents Section Page 1. Introduction 2 2. Site Selection 3 3. Design Influences 7 4. Design Evolution, Amount, Layout and Scale 9 5. Development Description, Appearance and Design 14 6. Access 16 Figures Page 2.1 Site Location 3 2.2 Landscape character areas 4 2.3 1945 RAF Fulbeck site plan 5 2.4 Site selection criteria 6 4.1 First Iteration 10 4.2 Second Iteration 11 4.3 Third Iteration 12 4.4 Fourth Iteration 13 5.1 First Iteration looking SW from the southern edge of Stragglethorpe 14 5.2 Fourth Iteration looking SW from the southern edge of 14 Stragglethorpe 5.3 First Iteration looking east from Sutton Road south of Rectory Lane 15 5.4 Fourth Iteration looking east from Sutton Road south of Rectory Lane 15 6.1 Details of temporary access for turbine deliveries 16 EnergieKontor UK Ltd 1 May 2015 FULBECK AIRFIELD WIND FARM DESIGN AND ACCESS STATEMENT 1 Introduction The Application 1.8 The Fulbeck Airfield Wind Farm planning application is Context 1.6 The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process also submitted in full and in addition to this Design and Access exploits opportunities for positive design, rather than merely Statement is accompanied by the following documents 1.1 This Design and Access Statement has been prepared by seeking to avoid adverse environmental effects. The Design which should be read together: Energiekontor UK Ltd (“EK”) to accompany a planning and Access Statement is seen as having an important role application for the construction, 25 year operation and in contributing to the design process through the clear Environmental Statement Vol 1; subsequent decommissioning of a wind farm consisting of documentation of design evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Turbine Report
    Wind Turbine Report Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine( HAWT ) -What is wind Turbine? -A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy. -What is it looks like? - (↓The picture of wind turbine listed below↓) I did a wind-turbine assembly in solidworks, and the following pictures basically show each part of the structure of a wind turbine. (Base↑) (lower mast↑) (upper mast↑) (hub↑) (blade↑) (Nacelle↑) Assembling the parts shown above, I got the wind-turbine assembly, which looks like the picture below. (←My turbine in Solidworks) (↑Multi-view graph for mu wind turbine↑) Darrieus wind turbines -What is the Darrieus wind turbine? -The Darrieus wind turbine is a type of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) used to generate electricity from the energy carried in the wind. The turbine consists of a number of curved aerofoil blades mounted on a vertical rotating shaft or framework. The curvature of the blades allows the blade to be stressed only in tension at high rotating speeds. There are several closely related wind turbines that use straight blades. This design of wind turbine was patented by Georges Jean Marie Darrieus, a French aeronautical engineer; filing for the patent was October 1, 1926. There are major difficulties in protecting the Darrieus turbine from extreme wind conditions and in making it self-starting. -What does it look like? -The photo of Darrieus wind turbine and my solidworks picture of Darrieus wind turbine are listed below. -What are the advantages of Darrieus wind turbine? - (1) The rotor shaft is vertical. Therefore it is possible to place the load, like a generator or a centrifugal pump at ground level.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Power: Energy of the Future It’S Worth Thinking About
    Wind power: energy of the future It’s worth thinking about. »Energy appears to me to be the first and unique virtue of man.« Wilhelm von Humboldt 2 3 »With methods from the past, there will be no future.« Dr. Bodo Wilkens Wind power on the increase »Environmental protection is an opportunity and not a burden we have to carry.« Helmut Sihler When will the oil run out? Even if experts cannot agree on an exact date, one thing is certain: the era of fossil fuels is coming to an end. In the long term we depend on renewable sources of energy. This is an irrefutable fact, which has culminated in a growing ecological awareness in industry as well as in politics: whereas renewable sources of energy accounted for 4.2 percent of the total consumption of electricity in 1996, the year 2006 registered a proportion of 12 per- cent. And by 2020 this is to be pushed up to 30 percent. The growth of recent years has largely been due to the use of wind power. The speed of technical development over the past 15 years has brought a 20-fold rise in efficiency and right now wind power is the most economical regenerat- ive form there is to produce electricity. In this respect, Germany leads the world: since 1991 more than 19.460 wind power plants have been installed with a wind power capacity of 22.247 MW*. And there is more still planned for the future: away from the coastline, the offshore plants out at sea will secure future electricity supplies.
    [Show full text]
  • Kite Power Technologie
    KITE POWER TECHNOLOGIE Het besturingssysteem hangt ongeveer 10 m onder de vlieger Roland Schmehl Associate Professor, Institute for Applied Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET), TU Delft De wind hoog boven de grond wordt gezien als een potentieel zeer grote bron van duurzame energie. Conventionele windturbines met hun starre toren zullen nooit in staat zijn deze bron ten volle te benutten. Eén van de mogelijke oplossingen om deze wind op grote hoogte te benutten, is het gebruik van kite power systemen. De kite power onderzoeksgroep van het ASSET instituut aan de TU Delft is bezig met de ontwikkeling van een kite power systeem gebaseerd op pompende cycli. Het 20 kW test systeem maakt gebruik van een enkele kabel die de kite met de grond verbindt. De kite wordt bestuurd door middel van een besturingssyseem onder de kite. Systematische tests in 2010 hebben bevestigd dat het pompende concept geïmplementeerd kan worden met een relatief laag energieverlies veroorzaakt door de pompende beweging. Het concept is Alle afbeeldingen bij dit artikel: een aantrekkelijke optie voor het onttrekken van windenergie van grote Asset, TU Delft hoogte en heeft de potentie om significant goedkoper energie te produceren dan conventionele windturbines. 22 WIND NIEUWS - APRIL 2011 Figuur 1: Energie producerende fase (kabel uitrollen) en energie consumerende fase (kabel inrollen). High altitude wind power Het onttrekken van windenergie van grote hoogte brengt een aantal voordelen met zich mee. Ten eerste het feit dat de wind op hoogte harder en constanter is dan de wind waartoe conventionele windturbines toegang hebben. Hierdoor kunnen vliegende wind energie (Airborne Wind Energy, AWE) systemen, die boven de 150 m ingezet kunnen worden, een substantieel hogere capaci - teits factor hebben.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Airborne Wind Energy
    Introduction to Airborne Wind Energy March 2020 Udo Zillmann Kristian Petrick Stefanie Thoms www.airbornewindeurope.org 1 § Introduction to Airborne Wind Energy Agenda § Airborne Wind Energy – principle and concepts § Advantages § Challenges § Airborne Wind Europe § Meeting with DG RTD www.airbornewindeurope.org 2 § AWE principle and concepts Overview § Principles § Ground generation § On-board generation § Different types § Soft wing § Rigid wing § Semi-rigid wing § Other forms www.airbornewindeurope.org 3 § AWE principle Ground generation (“ground gen”) or yo-yo principle Kite flies out in a spiral and creates a tractive pull force to the tether, the winch generates electricity as it is being reeled out. Kite Tether Winch Tether is retracted back as kite flies directly back to the starting point. Return phase consumes a few % of Generator power generated, requires < 10 % of total cycle time. www.airbornewindeurope.org 4 § AWE principle On-board generation (“fly-gen”) Kite flies constantly cross-wind, power is produced in the on-board generators and evacuated through the tether www.airbornewindeurope.org 5 § AWE principle The general idea: Emulating the movement of a blade tip but at higher altitudes Source: Erc Highwind https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UmN3MiR65E Makani www.airbornewindeurope.org 6 § AWE principle Fundamental idea of AWE systems • With a conventional wind turbine, the outer 20 % of the blades (the fastest moving part) generates about 60% of the power • AWE is the logical step to use only a fast flying device that emulates the blade tip. www.airbornewindeurope.org 7 § AWE concepts Concepts of our members – soft, semi-rigid and rigid wings www.airbornewindeurope.org 8 § AWE Concept Overview of technological concepts Aerostatic concepts are not in scope of this presentation Source: Ecorys 2018 www.airbornewindeurope.org 9 § AWE Concept Rigid kite with Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • IEA Wind Technology Collaboration Programme
    IEA Wind Technology Collaboration Programme 2017 Annual Report A MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR Wind energy continued its strong forward momentum during the past term, with many countries setting records in cost reduction, deployment, and grid integration. In 2017, new records were set for hourly, daily, and annual wind–generated electricity, as well as share of energy from wind. For example, Portugal covered 110% of national consumption with wind-generated electricity during three hours while China’s wind energy production increased 26% to 305.7 TWh. In Denmark, wind achieved a 43% share of the energy mix—the largest share of any IEA Wind TCP member countries. From 2010-2017, land-based wind energy auction prices dropped an average of 25%, and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) fell by 21%. In fact, the average, globally-weighted LCOE for land-based wind was 60 USD/ MWh in 2017, second only to hydropower among renewable generation sources. As a result, new countries are adopting wind energy. Offshore wind energy costs have also significantly decreased during the last few years. In Germany and the Netherlands, offshore bids were awarded at a zero premium, while a Contract for Differences auction round in the United Kingdom included two offshore wind farms with record strike prices as low as 76 USD/MWh. On top of the previous achievements, repowering and life extension of wind farms are creating new opportunities in mature markets. However, other challenges still need to be addressed. Wind energy continues to suffer from long permitting procedures, which may hinder deployment in many countries. The rate of wind energy deployment is also uncertain after 2020 due to lack of policies; for example, only eight out of the 28 EU member states have wind power policies in place beyond 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development
    U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy Navigant Consulting, Inc. 77 Bedford Street Suite 400 Burlington, MA 01803-5154 781.270.8314 www.navigant.com February 22, 2013 U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development Document Number DE-EE0005364 Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy Michael Hahn Cash Fitzpatrick Gary Norton Prepared by: Navigant Consulting, Inc. Bruce Hamilton, Principal Investigator Lindsay Battenberg Mark Bielecki Charlie Bloch Terese Decker Lisa Frantzis Aris Karcanias Birger Madsen Jay Paidipati Andy Wickless Feng Zhao Navigant Consortium member organizations Key Contributors American Wind Energy Association Jeff Anthony and Chris Long Great Lakes Wind Collaborative John Hummer and Victoria Pebbles Green Giraffe Energy Bankers Marie DeGraaf, Jérôme Guillet, and Niels Jongste National Renewable Energy Laboratory David Keyser and Eric Lantz Ocean & Coastal Consultants (a COWI company) Brent D. Cooper, P.E., Joe Marrone, P.E., and Stanley M. White, P.E., D.PE, D.CE Tetra Tech EC, Inc. Michael D. Ernst, Esq. Notice and Disclaimer This report was prepared by Navigant Consulting, Inc. for the use of the U.S. Department of Energy – who supported this effort under Award Number DE-EE0005364. The work presented in this report represents our best efforts and judgments based on the information available at the time this report was prepared. Navigant Consulting, Inc. is not responsible for the reader’s use of, or reliance upon, the report, nor any decisions based on the report. NAVIGANT CONSULTING, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. Readers of the report are advised that they assume all liabilities incurred by them, or third parties, as a result of their reliance on the report, or the data, information, findings and opinions contained in the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Power Limit for Crosswind Kite Systems
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 5 February 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0035.v1 Power Limit for Crosswind Kite Systems Mojtaba Kheiri1,2, Frédéric Bourgault1, Vahid Saberi Nasrabad1 1New Leaf Management Ltd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 2 Concordia University, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Montréal, Québec, Canada ABSTRACT static kite which only harvests from a region of the sky corresponding to its projected cross-section (and/or the rotor area of the turbine(s) it This paper generalizes the actuator disc theory to the application of carries). crosswind kite power systems. For simplicity, it is assumed that the kite sweeps an annulus in the air, perpendicular to the wind direction (i.e. Simplistically, a crosswind system parallels a horizontal axis wind straight downwind configuration with tether parallel to the wind). It is turbine (HAWT), where the kite traces a similar trajectory as the further assumed that the wind flow has a uniform distribution. turbine blade tip (see Fig.1)1. For a HAWT, approximately half the Expressions for power harvested by the kite is obtained, where the power is generated by the last one third of the blade (Bazilevs, et al., effect of the kite on slowing down the wind (i.e. the induction factor) is 2011). To capture the same wind power, a kite does not require taken into account. It is shown that although the induction factor may HAWT's massive hub and nacelle, steel tower and reinforced concrete be small for a crosswind kite (of the order of a few percentage points), foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on the Evolution of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: Small Wind Turbines
    Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 2019, 7, 27-44 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jpee ISSN Online: 2327-5901 ISSN Print: 2327-588X A Review on the Evolution of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: Small Wind Turbines Palanisamy Mohan Kumar1,2*, Krishnamoorthi Sivalingam2,3, Srikanth Narasimalu3, Teik-Cheng Lim2, Seeram Ramakrishna1, He Wei4 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore 2School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore City, Singapore 3Innovation Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore 4Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore city, Singapore How to cite this paper: Kumar, P.M., Abstract Sivalingam, K., Narasimalu, S., Lim, T.-C., Ramakrishna, S. and Wei, H. (2019) A Re- Wind energy witnessed tremendous growth in the past decade and emerged view on the Evolution of Darrieus Vertical as the most sought renewable energy source after solar energy. Though the Axis Wind Turbine: Small Wind Turbines. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) is preferred for multi-megawatt Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, power generation, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) is as competitive as 7, 27-44. https://doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2019.74002 HAWT. The current study aims to summarize the development of VAWT, in particular, Darrieus turbine from the past to the project that is underway. The Received: March 31, 2019 reason for the technical challenges and past failures are discussed. Various Accepted: April 25, 2019 configurations of VAWT have been assessed in terms of reliability, compo- Published: April 28, 2019 nents and low wind speed performance. Innovative concepts and the feasibil- Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and ity to scale up for megawatt electricity generation, especially in offshore envi- Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
    [Show full text]