Televisión Digital Terrestre En Europa Y Estados Unidos: Una Comparativa Entre Modelos De Negocio

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Televisión Digital Terrestre En Europa Y Estados Unidos: Una Comparativa Entre Modelos De Negocio UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad I TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL TERRESTRE EN EUROPA Y ESTADOS UNIDOS: UNA COMPARATIVA ENTRE MODELOS DE NEGOCIO. MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Raquel Urquiza García Bajo la dirección del doctor Enrique Bustamante Ramírez Madrid, 2009 • ISBN: 978-84-692-7629-7 TESIS DOCTORAL “TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL TERRESTRE EN EUROPA Y ESTADOS UNIDOS: UNA COMPARATIVA ENTRE MODELOS DE NEGOCIO” 2 2 Televisión Digital Terrestre en Europa y Estados Unidos: una comparativa entre modelos de negocio Realizada por: Raquel Urquiza García Dirigida por: Dr. Enrique Bustamante Ramírez Departameto CAVP I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 10 de septiembre de 2008 Raquel Urquiza García - 3 4 4 Televisión Digital Terrestre en Europa y Estados Unidos: una comparativa entre modelos de negocio A Enrique Bustamante, por su confianza e impulso intelectual a lo largo de estos últimos años; a mis padres y hermanos, apoyo insustituible; a todas aquellas personas que han seguido con interés y cariño cada uno de los pasos que he dado en mi carrera académica. Raquel Urquiza García - 5 6 6 Televisión Digital Terrestre en Europa y Estados Unidos: una comparativa entre modelos de negocio Índice Índice .................................................................................................................................. 5 Palabras Claves ................................................................................................................ 13 Resumen ........................................................................................................................... 15 Índice de Abreviaturas ..................................................................................................... 17 Índice de Cuadros ............................................................................................................. 19 Índice de Tablas ............................................................................................................... 21 Índice de Figuras .............................................................................................................. 23 INTRODUCCIÓN ..........................................................................................................25 Objetivo y justificación del estudio .................................................................................. 26 Perspectiva, Estructura del trabajo y Repaso bibliográfico ............................................. 28 Metodología ..................................................................................................................... 32 1. LA ECONOMÍA DE LA TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL .............................................. 33 1.1 Las perspectivas económicas de la televisión: Antecedentes y evolución. ................ 33 1.1.1 Elementos de análisis bajo los Media Economics en el estudio de mercados televisivos ......................................................................................................................... 34 1.1.2 Elementos de análisis en el estudio de mercados televisivos desde la Economía Política de la Comunicación ........................................................................... 36 1.2 Estudios económicos de la televisión en Europa y Estados Unidos .......................... 37 1.3 El cambio en el negocio tradicional televisivo .......................................................... 38 1.4 El valor socioeconómico de la Sociedad de la Información en la televisión ............. 39 2. TELEVISIÓN Y SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN: INTEGRANTES E INTEGRADORES DE LA DIGITALIZACIÓN. ................................................. 41 1. Sociedad de la Información en perspectiva ................................................................. 41 2. Principales objetivos .................................................................................................... 45 3. Políticas de implantación para la Sociedad de la Información .................................... 48 3.1 Unión Europea ........................................................................................................... 48 3.1.1 La regulación europea para la implantación de la SI ............................................ 49 3.1.2 La Televisión digital dentro de la SI ....................................................................... 53 3.1.3 La función convergente de la Televisión Digital Terrestre en la Unión Europea. ........................................................................................................................... 56 3.2 Estados Unidos ........................................................................................................... 57 3.2.1 La National Information Infrastructure Task Force como iniciativa ..................... 59 3.2.2 Los principios de la NII ........................................................................................... 60 3.2.3 La optimización del espectro .................................................................................. 64 3.2.5 El impacto económico del 3G ................................................................................. 66 4. Resultados de la Sociedad de la Información y su impacto en el mercado .................. 67 4.1 Unión Europea ........................................................................................................... 69 4.2 Estados Unidos ........................................................................................................... 72 5. Usos y hábitos de la Sociedad de la Información ........................................................ 73 Raquel Urquiza García - 7 8 5.1 Unión Europea ............................................................................................................ 73 5.2 Estados Unidos ........................................................................................................... 74 6. Televisión Digital Terrestre, sistema de acceso a la Sociedad de la Información ........ 76 6.1 El rol de los medios de comunicación ........................................................................ 77 6.2 Sociedad de la Información, necesidad de convergencia ........................................... 78 7. Conclusiones ................................................................................................................. 80 3. NUEVOS MODELOS DE NEGOCIO EN TDT .................................................... 81 1. Introducción .................................................................................................................. 81 2. La estructura del negocio de la televisión tradicional .................................................. 82 3. El cambio en la estructura televisiva con la digitalización ........................................... 83 3.1 Cable digital ................................................................................................................ 85 3.2 Satélite ........................................................................................................................ 86 3.3 IPTV ........................................................................................................................... 88 3.4 Webcasting ................................................................................................................. 89 4. La irrupción de los nuevos modelos de negocio sobre TDT ........................................ 91 4.1 El multiplexing ........................................................................................................... 91 4.2 Transmisiones en HDTV ............................................................................................ 93 4.3 Servicios interactivos .................................................................................................. 94 4.3.1 Servicios interactivos gratuitos ............................................................................... 98 4.3.2 Servicios interactivos de pago ................................................................................. 99 4.4 Televisión en movilidad ........................................................................................... 101 5. Vías de financiación para la TDT ............................................................................... 103 5.1 Televisión en abierto ................................................................................................ 103 5.2 Televisión de pago .................................................................................................... 105 5.3 Televisión mixta ....................................................................................................... 105 6. Conclusiones ............................................................................................................... 106 4. REGULACIÓN DE LA TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL EN LA UNIÓN EUROPEA ...............................................................................................................109 1. Introducción ................................................................................................................ 109 2. La regulación audiovisual en la Unión Europea ......................................................... 111 2.1 La regulación del Servicio Público por la Unión Europea ....................................... 112 2.1.1 La liberación del mercado audiovisual en Europa ............................................... 115 2.1.2 El Protocolo de Ámsterdam
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