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Otto Katz Alias André Simone – Šedá Eminence Komunistické Internacionály

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Otto Katz Alias André Simone – Šedá Eminence Komunistické Internacionály Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta humanitních studií Ond řej Kulík Bakalá řská práce Otto Katz alias André Simone – šedá eminence komunistické internacionály Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jan Kašpar Praha 2009 1 Pod ěkování Rád bych na tomto míst ě pod ěkoval vedoucímu mé práce Mgr. Janu Kašparovi za jeho trp ělivost. Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem práci vypracoval samostatn ě s použitím uvedené literatury a souhlasím s jejím eventuálním zve řejn ěním v tišt ěné nebo elektronické podob ě. V Praze dne 26.1.2009 …………………….. podpis 2 Obsah 1a . Motto……………………………………………………………......4 1b. Úvod……………………………………………………………......5 1. Otto Katz ale i André Simone……………………………………......5 2. Prameny a literatura k životu a dílu Otty Katze – André Simona…...8 3. Mládí Otty Katze a jeho p řerod v socialistu………………………....10 4. První cesta Otty Katze do N ěmecka, sbírání nových zkušeností v socialisticko – komunistickém hnutí………………………………....12 5. Pražská epizoda – Otto Katz se p řipravuje na úlohu komunistického noviná ře……………………………………………………………....18 6. Druhá cesta do N ěmecka a vstup do komunistické strany…………..21 7. Nová práce v Moskv ě – výcvik na sov ětského agenta a struktura sov ětských tajných služeb…………………………………………....24 8. Návrat do jiného N ěmecka…………………………………………..31 9. Nové úkoly v „imperialistických“ zemích…………………………..33 10. Špan ělská ob čanská válka, mezinárodní brigády.……………….....36 11. Druhá sv ětová válka a p řejmenování na André Simone…………...41 12. Povále čný návrat do Evropy a zpátky v Československu……….....44 13. Poslední monstproces – ve vedení protistátního spikleneckého centra……………………………………………………………......46 14. Záv ěr…………………………………………………………….....53 15. Seznam p říloh...................................................................................54 3 1 a. Motto: Andre Simone - číslo 1415 Číslo fondu národního archivu 595; Andre Simone /Otto Katz/ - krátký životopis (sou část registru) Narodil se 27.kv ětna 1895 v Jistebnici, okres Tábor. Vychodil školu obecnou, část reálky v Praze, od 4. t řídy reálky Plzni. Rok exportí akademie ve Vídni, kde vstoupil do socialistické studentské organizace. V roce 1913 jako jednoro ční dobrovolník v Přemyslu, jako socialista vylou čen z důstojnické školy. Dne 24. prosince1914 ran ěn a po uzdravení desertoval. Od dubna 1915 žalá řován po dobu 7. m ěsíc ů ve vojenské v ěznici v Praze. Potom p řed vynesením rozsudku trestn ě poslán na frontu. V lednu 1919 jako vedoucí českého odd ělení v nakladatelství G. G. Vogel. Posseneck v Durynsku, které vydávalo žadu odborných časopis ů. Pro vedení stávky propušt ěn. Za p ůl roku návrat do Prahy, kde pracoval u fy. Meva, kovopr ůmysl, jako vedoucí koresponden čního odd ělení. Koncem roku 1921 odešel do Berlína jako svobodný noviná ř, vstoupil v r. 1922 do Komunistické strany Německa, pracoval v různých novinách. Roku 1927 ředitelem divadla Ervina Piscatora. V r. 1928 vedoucím komunistického nakladatelství Universum. Napsal knihu DEVÉT MUŽ Ů V LEDU /Expedice generála Nobile na severní pól/. V roce 1931 v Moskv ě nejd řív jako scenarista u spole čnosti Mežrabpomfilm, potom jako nám ěstek ředitele a několik m ěsíc ů jako ú řadující ředitel u téže spole čnosti. Pozd ěji jako korespondent dvou berlínských komunistických novin „Welt am Abend“, „Berlin am Morgen“. V té dob ě hlavním redaktorem kolektivní knihy PATNÁCT ŽELEZNÝCH ROK Ů /k 15. výro čí SSSR/. V březnu 1933 poslán kominternou do Pa říže, kde se stal sekretá řem komitétu pro pomoc ob ětem fašismu a sekretá řem „Protiprocesu“ pro ti lipskému procesu proti Dimitrovovi v Londýn ě. Autor knihy DIMITROV CONTRA GÖERING /Dimitrov contra Göeringovi/ /obhajoba Dimitrova, hlavním redaktorem HN ĚDÉ KNIHY PROTI NACISTIOCKÉMU TERRORU V NĚMECKU odhalující skute čné žhá ře Reichstagu /kniha byla široce distribuována ilegáln ě v Německu/, dále autor DRUHÉ HN ĚDÉ KNIHY, hlavní redaktor knihy HN ĚDÁ SÍ Ť /o páté kolon ě nacistické ve sv ětě/. V roce 1935 do Ameriky na organisování protinacistické práce, z které vyšla mezi jinými „Liga proti nacismu“ v Hollywoodu. V roce 1936 do Špan ělska, kde zažil Francovo povstání v Barcelon ě. Zmocnil se 40.000 dokument ů nacistické organisace ve Špan ělsku /pozd ěji knižn ě vydáno pod titulem SPIONE UND VERSCHWOERER IN SPANIEN – Špioni a spiklenci ve Špan ělsku/. Koncem roku 1936 zakladatelem a ředitelem „Agence Espagne“, oficiální tiskové kancelá ře republiky špan ělské v zahrani čí. V roce1937 vedoucím propagandy špan ělské republiky v Evrop ě, pracující p římo pod vedením ministerského předsedy Negrína. Zárove ň zahrani čním redaktorem francouzských novin „L´Ordre“. V dubnu 1939 na p řednáškové turné do Ameriky k získání finan čních prost ředk ů pro n ěmecké podzemní hnutí. Návrat do Evropy krátce p řed vypuknutím války, kde p ředal peníze do rukou s. Geerharta Eislera / řídí te ď rozhlas a televizi v NDR/ v Pa říži - Kolem 12 000 Dollar ů. Při vypuknutí války jako dobrovolník do čsl. armády ve Francii, odveden. Ur čen jako spolupracovník čsl. Informa ční kancelá ře, kde pracoval do konce roku 1939. V té dob ě zat čen, v ězn ěn v koncentra čním tábo ře, po intervenci ministra Georgese Mandela a ředitele L´Ordre vypov ězen a pod policejním dozorem dopraven na lo ď v Marseille. V kv ětnu 1940 zat čen v Americe /New York/, propušt ěn po složení kauce, potom zahájen deporta ční proces /vypov ězení ze zem ě/. Aby se vyhnul vypov ězení, odejel koncem r. 1940 za p řisp ění americké spisovatelské organizace do Mexika. Po dobu pobytu v Americe spolupracoval v komunistickém deníku „Daily Wolker“ a v komunistickém týdeníku „New Masses“, a napsal knihu J´ACCUSE. V Mexiku vstoupil do čsl.-mexické asociace, stal se členem výboru, prosadil vydávání m ěsí čníku „El Checoslovaco en Mexico“. Založil organizaci komunist ů ze slovanských zemí, jejímž byl p ředsedou. Napsal knihy MUŽI EVROPY a RUSKÁ BITVA. Hlavním redaktorem ČERNÉ KNIHY O NACISTICKÉM TERORU vydané pod záštitou pres. Beneše a mexického presidenta Avila Camacha. Psal t řikrát týdn ě o mezinárodní situaci v orgánu odborových organizací latinské Ameriky „El Popular“ a pod pseudonymem v komunistickém týdeníku „La voz de Mexico“. V roce 1946 návrat do ČSR. Spolupracovník, pak redaktor Rudého práva. 1946 poslán jako delegát na Mírovou konferenci v Pa říži. 1948 delegátem na Informa ční konferenci v Ženev ě. Poslán jako zpravodaj nebo pro konání přednášek do Pa říže, do Bruselu, do západního N ěmecka, do východního N ěmecka, do Polska, do Jugoslávie, do Bulharska. Též profesorem Vysoké školy politické. Pozd ěji redaktorem časopisu „Sv ět v obrazech“ a zahrani čním komentátorem v Československém rozhlasu. (p řepis stru čného životopisu Otto Katze, který byl po řízen v roce 1981 pracovníky archivu KS Č p ři zakládání fondu osobní poz ůstalosti popraveného a rehabilitovaného Katze, viz P říloha č. 1, pozn. OK) 4 1 b. Úvod Otto Katz (též André Simone – viz dále) pat řil k té generaci komunist ů-zakladatel ů, kte ří o tom, že „když se kácí les, létají t řísky“ nikdy nepochybovali. Omyly, p řehmaty, lži a zlo činy si tato generace komunist ů legitimizovala skute čností, že jejich hlavním nep řítelem je (až na pragmatické výjimky – Pakt Molotov-Ribbentrop) celosv ětový fašismus a n ěmecký nacismus se svými krut ě antihumánními praktikami. Neuv ědomovali si, že tzv. Dobro nelze „páchat“ a že ve jménu své „pravdy“ byli mnohde antihumánn ější než jejich nep řítel. Většina zmínek o Otto Katzovi zcela samoz řejm ě p ředpokládá, že byl naverbovaným agentem GPU-NKVD. Je to možné, dokonce pravd ěpodobné, ale bez d ůkazu by nem ěl být soud a vše, co Katz provád ěl ve službách Kominterny, mohl docela dob ře vykonávat jako nekritický ideový nadšenec. Za jistý klad mé práce považuji fakt, že jsem jako jediný mluvil na toto téma krátce p řed její smrtí s Katzovou dobrou známou a v té dob ě poslední žijící a německy píšící židovskou spisovatelkou v Praze (z kischovské generace) Lenkou Reinerovou. Ona úzký vztah mezi Katzem a sov ětskou rozv ědkou (kontrarozv ědkou) nejen p řipouští, ale považuje ho pro tu dobu za vícemén ě samoz řejmý a logický. Cht ěl jsem Katz ův osud vložit do kontextu d ějin první poloviny 20. století. Jsem si pln ě v ědom, že renomovaní historici nevnímají Johnsonovy Dějiny 20. století jako p říliš relevantní pramen – považují ho spíše za výte čného popularizátora s tenden čním zanícením než za skute čného v ědce. Já ve své práci Johnsona jako autora kontextu používám bohat ě a bez výhrad, protože si myslím, že ty pasáže, které z něj doslova cituji, relevantní jsou, a navíc: dominantním tématem mé bakalá řské práce je Otto Katz (André Simone) ne Paul Johnson. Otto Katze jsem nesoudil ani neglorifikoval. Cht ěl jsem se jen skromn ě pokusit, aby alespo ň na chvíli vyšel z „úplného zapomn ění“ (viz poslední kapitola P řílohy č. 5, pozn. OK) . 1. Otto Katz ale také André Simone André Simone, vlastním jménem Otto Katz, byl jedním z nejschopn ějších propagandist ů Kominterny, člov ěkem a komunistickým soudruhem, který p ůsobil tém ěř po celém sv ětě. Jeho povolání noviná ře a také jeho snadný p řístup do žurnalistických i jiných salon ů, zp ůsobený tehdejší oblibou levicového hnutí, mu umožnily časté kontakty s politiky, ale také s významnými osobnostmi (herci, noviná ři, režiséry,význa čnými pr ůmyslníky i v ědci) z tém ěř celého sv ěta. Je proto až s podivem, že tento noviná ř a autor mnoha knih v několika jazycích, je v zemi, kde se narodil, tém ěř neznámou postavou. 5 André Simone se narodil na území Rakouska - Uherska koncem devatenáctého století stejn ě jako socialistické hnutí, jehož sou částí (podle archivu KS Č) se také brzo stal. Do škol chodil v Čechách, ale i ve Vídni, kde se se socialismem poprvé seznámil. Mimo ú časti na socialistických sch ůzích za číná také jeho literární činnost, která je zap říčin ěna jeho styky a snad i p řátelstvím se známým pražským spisovatelem Franzem Kafkou.
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