Introduction to Scientific Discipline Agrophysics—History And
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D:Int Agrophysics -1Balashov Alashov.Vp
Int.Agrophys.,2011,25,1-5 IINNNTTTEEERRRNNNAAATTTIIIOOONNNAAALL AAgggrrroooppphhhyyysssiiicccss www.international-agrophysics.org Impactofshort-andlong-termagriculturaluseofchernozemonitsqualityindicators E.Balashov*andN.Buchkina AgrophysicalResearchInstituteRAAS,14GrazhdanskyProspekt,St.Petersburg195220,Russia ReceivedMay11,2010;acceptedJune21,2010 A b s t r a c t. The impact of 5, 45, and 75 year agricultural use During the last two decades, particular attention of of a clayey loam Haplic Chernozem on its selected quality indica- scientists has been focused on two directions of multi- tors was determined. Contents of soil organic matter and microbial disciplinary studies of selected quality indicators of soils. biomass carbon were equal to 43.1±2.2 g C kg-1 soil and 480.0± 67.6 mg C kg-1 soil in the fallow land. Soil organic matter content in The first direction of the research was to quantify the thermo- the agricultural soils ranged from 30.2±1.8 (75 year plot) to dynamic characteristics of soil solid phase. The results of 47.5±2.1 g C kg-1 soil (5 year plot), while microbial biomass carbon thosestudiesshowedsignificantdifferencesin: content varied from 340.2±5.9 (75 year plot) to 371.2±10.2 mg C – water vapour and nitrogen adsorption energy of different -1 kg soil (5 year plot). Among the three agricultural treatments, soil clay minerals, soil types (Józefaciuk and Bowanko, only the 75 year one resulted in a significant decline in total 2002), soil organic matter content (Soko³owska et al., amounts of water-stable aggregates (70.8±8.2%) and clay content (26.9±1.0%), compared to those parameters in the fallow land 1993)andsoiltillage(Józefaciuk etal.,2001); (90.1±9.4% and 30.5±1.2%, respectively). -
Organic Grain Production Research and Best Practices
Organic Grain Production Research and Best Practices Joel Gruver – [email protected] What is organic agriculture??? Why didn’t Dr. Hopkins recommend K fertilizer? Franklin Hiram King (1848-1911) FH King , Professor of Soil Physics at UW was dismayed by the rapid degradation of Midwest soils during the 19th century and traveled to Asia looking for answers. “ We desired to learn how it is Farmers of 40 Centuries: possible, after twenty and Permanent Agriculture in perhaps thirty or even forty China, Korea and Japan centuries, for their soils to be was the original title. made to produce sufficiently for the maintenance of such dense populations.. “ Farmers of Forty Centuries, 1911 JR Smith was a pioneer in the field of economic geography, an author of many popular elementary First edition school – college in 1929 level geography text books and a dedicated conservationist and agro-forester. In An Agricultural Testament (1940) Howard laid out his vision for agriculture based on nature as a model with great emphasis on a concept that is central to organic farming--the importance of utilizing organic waste materials to build soil organic matter and maintain soil fertility. An Agricultural Testament by Sir Albert Howard Chapter 1 Introduction THE maintenance of the fertility of the soil is the first condition of any permanent system of agriculture. In the ordinary processes of crop production fertility is steadily lost: its continuous restoration by means of manuring and soil management is therefore imperative. In 1940, Northbourne introduced his concept of the ideal farm as an ORGANIC whole (i.e. having a complex interrelationship of parts/organs, similar to that in living things) in a book titled, Look to the Land. -
Applied Physics
Physics 1. What is Physics 2. Nature Science 3. Science 4. Scientific Method 5. Branches of Science 6. Branches of Physics Einstein Newton 7. Branches of Applied Physics Bardeen Feynmann 2016-03-05 What is Physics • Meaning of Physics (from Ancient Greek: φυσική (phusikḗ )) is knowledge of nature (from φύσις phúsis "nature"). • Physics is the natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. • Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. • New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences, while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy. 2016-03-05 What is Physics • Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. • For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization, and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus. -
Outline of Physical Science
Outline of physical science “Physical Science” redirects here. It is not to be confused • Astronomy – study of celestial objects (such as stars, with Physics. galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and neb- ulae), the physics, chemistry, and evolution of such Physical science is a branch of natural science that stud- objects, and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth, including supernovae explo- ies non-living systems, in contrast to life science. It in turn has many branches, each referred to as a “physical sions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. science”, together called the “physical sciences”. How- ever, the term “physical” creates an unintended, some- • Branches of astronomy what arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physi- cal science also study biological phenomena and branches • Chemistry – studies the composition, structure, of chemistry such as organic chemistry. properties and change of matter.[8][9] In this realm, chemistry deals with such topics as the properties of individual atoms, the manner in which atoms form 1 What is physical science? chemical bonds in the formation of compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces to give matter its general properties, and the Physical science can be described as all of the following: interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form different substances. • A branch of science (a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of • Branches of chemistry testable explanations and predictions about the • universe).[1][2][3] Earth science – all-embracing term referring to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. Earth • A branch of natural science – natural science science is the study of how the natural environ- is a major branch of science that tries to ex- ment (ecosphere or Earth system) works and how it plain and predict nature’s phenomena, based evolved to its current state. -
A Case Study of Post 3/11/2011 Organic Farmers in Saga, Fukuoka, Kagawa, and Hyogo Prefectures Seth A.Y
Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Theses Spring 5-2012 The oM vement for Sustainable Agricultural in Japan: A Case Study of Post 3/11/2011 Organic Farmers in Saga, Fukuoka, Kagawa, and Hyogo Prefectures Seth A.Y. Davis Seton Hall University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses Part of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Seth A.Y., "The oM vement for Sustainable Agricultural in Japan: A Case Study of Post 3/11/2011 Organic Farmers in Saga, Fukuoka, Kagawa, and Hyogo Prefectures" (2012). Theses. 227. https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses/227 The Movement for Sustainable Agriculture in Japan: A Case Study ofPost 3/11/2011 Organic Farmers in Saga, Fukuoka, Kagawa, and Hyogo Prefectures BY: SETH A.Y. DAVIS B.S., RUTGERS UNIVERSITY NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 1999 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE PROGRAM OF ASIAN STUDIES AT SETON HALL UNIVERSITY SOUTH ORANGE, NEW JERSEY 2012 THE MOVEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN JAPAN: A CASE STUDY OF POST 311112011 ORGANIC FARMERS IN SAGA, FUKUOKA, KAGAWA AND HYOGO PREFECTURES THESIS TITLE BY SETH A.Y. DAVIS APPROVED MONTH, DAY, YEAR SHIGER OSUKA, Ed.D MENTOR (FIRST READER) EDWIN PAK-WAH LEUNG, Ph.D EXAMINER (SECOND READER) t;jlO /2-012 MARIA SIBAU, Ph.D EXAMINER (THIRD READER) An1Y ~Mr1i ANNE MULLEN-HOHL, Ph.D HEAD OF DEPARTMENT A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE PROGRAM OF ASIAN STUDIES AT SETON HALL UNIVERSITY, SOUTH ORANGE, NEW JERSEY TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi ABSTItJ\CT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- viii CHAPTER I: INTR0 D U CTION ----------------------------------------------------------- 1. -
Farmers of Forty Centuries Or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan, 1911-2011
Vol.2, No.3, 175-180 (2011) Agricultural Sciences doi:10.4236/as.2011.23024 The making of an agricultural classic: farmers of forty centuries or permanent agriculture in China, Korea and Japan, 1911-2011 John Paull Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Corresponding Author: [email protected] Received 17 May 2011; revised 23 June 2011; accepted 19 July 2011. ABSTRACT ing the first nine decades, while 16 have ap- peared in the past decade. Few agriculture books achieve the status of ‘classic’. F. H. King’s book Farmers of Forty Keywords: Organic Agriculture; Organic Farming; Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Biodynamic Agriculture; Franklin Hiram King; Korea and Japan was privately published in Cyril Hopkins; Jonathan Cape; London. Wisconsin, USA, in 1911. The book had an in- auspicious start, and the longevity and acclaim 1. INTRODUCTION that this book has since achieved must have In his 1940 manifesto of organic farming, Look to the been, then, barely conceivable. The author was Land, Lord Northbourne described Farmers of Forty dead, the book was incomplete, and there was Centuries as a “classic” [1] and as “that great book by no commercial publisher. Yet through a com- Professor King et al. Farmers of Forty Centuries, a book bination of perhaps luck and circumstance the which no student of farming or social science can afford book was ‘resurrected’ in 1927 by a London to ignore” [1]. Eve Balfour in her 1943 book The Living publisher, Jonathan Cape, who then kept it in Soil followed Northbourne’s lead and also described print for more than two decades. -
Overview of Current Research and Education Activity of the Institute of Agrophysics
9 Research and Teaching of Physics in the Context of University Education Nitra, June 5 and 6, 2007 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITY OF THE INSTITUTE OF AGROPHYSICS Jozef Horabik Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences Lublin, Poland Physics, with its research tools and mathematical methods of description and interpretation, found applications in many branches of science that developed to interdisciplinary fields as biophysics, astrophysics, geophysics, and most recently - agrophysics. Agrophysics as a branch of science applying physics to the investigations of properties of materials and the processes involved in the production and processing of agricultural products, especially in relationships between soil, plant, atmosphere and soil, plant, machine, agricultural products. Particular attention is given to sustainable plant and animal production, modern agricultural technologies, and quality of raw materials and food products. The scientific activity of the Institute concentrates on studies of physical properties and processes important for proper management of soil environment and development of sustainable agriculture and food production. It covers also elaboration and improvement of specific methods of physical measurements, computer modeling and monitoring. Monitoring equipped with appropriate measuring systems constitutes a basic tool in study of the environment. The Institute develops agrophysical metrology that takes care on elaboration, optimization and standardization of agrophysical measuring methods. Modeling and computer simulation concerns environmental and technological processes as: mass and energy exchange in soil-plant-atmosphere system and agricultural products, regulation of physical, physicochemical, hydrophysical, thermophysical and biological properties of soil and plant structures, optimal fertilization systems, physical characteristics of granular materials (soils, grains, flour) as well as physical aspects of agricultural products processing. -
Recalling the Georgic: Land, Labor, and Literature in American Ecological Consciousness
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2020 Recalling the Georgic: Land, Labor, and Literature in American Ecological Consciousness Sam Horrocks West Virginia University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the American Literature Commons Recommended Citation Horrocks, Sam, "Recalling the Georgic: Land, Labor, and Literature in American Ecological Consciousness" (2020). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 7540. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7540 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recalling the Georgic: Land, Labor, and Literature in American Ecological Consciousness Sam Horrocks Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for -
International Agrophysics
International Agrophysics ICOS eddy covariance flux-station site setup --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: Full Title: ICOS eddy covariance flux-station site setup Short Title: ICOS eddy covariance flux-station site setup Article Type: original research paper Section/Category: GHG Balance Keywords: ICOS, tower set up, protocol, greenhouse gas, eddy covariance technique Corresponding Author: Corinna Rebmann, Ph.D. Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Umweltforschung UFZ Leipzig, GERMANY Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Umweltforschung UFZ Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Corinna Rebmann, Ph.D. First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Corinna Rebmann, Ph.D. Marc Aubinet, Prof. Hans Peter Schmid, Prof. Nicola Arriga, Ph.D. Mika Aurela, Ph.D. George Burba, Ph.D. Robert Clement, Ph.D. Anne De Ligne, Ph.D. Gerardo Fratini, Ph.D. Bert Gielen, Ph.D. John Grace, Prof. Alexander Graf, Ph.D. Patrick Gross Sami Haapanala Mathias Herbst, Ph.D. Lukas Hörtnagl, Ph.D. Andreas Ibrom, Ph.D. Lilian Joly, Ph.D. Natascha Natascha Kljun, Prof. Olaf Kolle Andrew Kowalski, Prof. Anders Lindroth, Prof. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation Denis Loustau, Prof. Ivan Mammarella, Ph.D. Matthias Mauder, Ph.D. Lutz Merbold, Ph.D. Stefan Metzger, Ph.D. Meelis Mölder, Ph.D. Leonardo Montagnani, Ph.D. Dario Papale, Ph.D. Marian Pavelka, Ph.D. Matthias Peichl, Dh.D. Marilyn Roland, Ph.D. Penélope Serrano Ortiz, Ph.D. Lukas Siebicke, Ph.D. Rainer Steinbrecher, Ph.D. Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Ph.D. Timo Vesala, Prof. Georg Wohlfahrt, Prof. Daniela Franz Order of Authors Secondary Information: Manuscript Region of Origin: GERMANY Abstract: At ecosystem stations of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS), the principal technique for measurements of ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes of greenhouse gases is the eddy-covariance (EC) method. -
Sample Chapter
M MACHINE VISION Avery similar system is used for grading apples, as seen in Figures 1 and 2. Fragments of nut shell can be detected when pecan nuts See Visible and Thermal Images for Fruit Detection are shelled, once again by detection of the color. Kernels fall through the inspection area at a speed of around one meter per second. In an early system, light that was MACHINE VISION IN AGRICULTURE reflected from the kernel was split between two photocells that detected the intensity of different wavelengths. The John Billingsley ratio enabled color to discriminate between nut and shell. University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, More recent versions incorporate laser scanning. As the Australia nut falls further, a jet of air is switched to deflect any detected shell into a separate bin. Definition Machine vision: Visual data that can be processed by Detection of weeds a computer, including monochrome, color and infra red Color discrimination can also be used in the field to dis- imaging, line or spot perception of brightness and color, criminate between plants and weeds for the application time-varying optical signals. of selective spraying (Åstrand and Baerveldt, 2002; Zhang Agriculture: Horticulture, arboriculture and other cropping et al., 2008). It is possible for the color channels of the cam- methods, harvesting, post production inspection and era to include infra-red wavelengths, something that can be processing, livestock breeding, preparation and slaughter. achieved by removing the infra-red blocking filter from a simple webcam. Figure 3 is a low-resolution frame-grab Introduction showing one stage in the detection of a grass-like weed, The combination of low-cost computing power and applica- “panic,” during trials in sugar cane. -
Outline of Natural Science
Outline of natural science The following outline is provided as an overview of and study biological phenomena (organic chemistry, for topical guide to natural science: example). Natural science – a major branch of science that tries to explain, and predict, nature’s phenomena based on 2.1.1 Physics empirical evidence. In natural science, hypothesis must be verified scientifically to be regarded as scientific the- • • Physics – physical science that studies matter ory. Validity, accuracy, and social mechanisms ensur- and its motion through space-time, and related ing quality control, such as peer review and repeatabil- concepts such as energy and force ity of findings, are amongst the criteria and methods used • Acoustics – study of mechanical waves in for this purpose. Natural science can be broken into 2 solids, liquids, and gases (such as vibra- main branches: life science, and physical science. Each tion and sound) of these branches, and all of their sub-branches, are re- • ferred to as natural sciences. Agrophysics – study of physics applied to agroecosystems • Soil physics – study of soil physical 1 What type of thing is natural sci- properties and processes. • Astrophysics – study of the physical as- ence? pects of celestial objects • Astronomy – studies the universe beyond Natural science can be described as all of the following: Earth, including its formation and de- velopment, and the evolution, physics, • Branch of science – systematic enterprise that builds chemistry, meteorology, and motion of and organizes knowledge in the form of testable ex- celestial objects (such as galaxies, plan- planations and predictions about the universe.[1][2][3] ets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as • Major category of academic disciplines – an aca- the cosmic background radiation). -
Elbert Peets: Town Planning, Pragmatism and Ecology, 1915-1968 Royce Michael Earnest University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2017 Elbert Peets: Town Planning, Pragmatism and Ecology, 1915-1968 Royce Michael Earnest University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Earnest, Royce Michael, "Elbert Peets: Town Planning, Pragmatism and Ecology, 1915-1968" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1463. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1463 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ELBERT PEETS: TOWN PLANNING AND ECOLOGY, 1915-1968 by Royce M. Earnest A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2017 ABSTRACT A STUDY OF THE WORK AND WRITING OF ELBERT PEETS; A CASE STUDY IN URBAN PLANNING, ECOLOGY AND THE ADVENT OF MODERNISM AT THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY by Royce M. Earnest The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2017 Under the Supervision of Bob Greenstreet, PhD Elbert Peets (1886-1968) designed some significant town plans in the early to mid-twentieth century. His design work was successful and well regarded at the time, and his plans for Greendale, Wisconsin and Park Forest, Illinois were influential for post-World War II suburban developments. These town plans, and others such as Wyomissing, Pennsylvania and Washington Highlands, Wisconsin have continued to be vibrant and successful neighborhoods.