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The Development of Indigenous Leadership in the Church of the Province of Southern Africa, with Special Reference to the Diocese of St

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The Development of Indigenous Leadership in the Church of the Province of Southern Africa, with Special Reference to the Diocese of St University of Pretoria etd – Ledwaba, M S J (2005) THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS LEADERSHIP IN THE CHURCH OF THE PROVINCE OF SOUTHERN AFRICA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DIOCESE OF ST. MARK THE EVANGELIST by MOROAMARABA SHASHI JOHANNES LEDWABA THESIS Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR in the FACULTY OF THEOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA PROMOTER: PROF J.J. (DONS) KRITZINGER 2004 University of Pretoria etd – Ledwaba, M S J (2005) i DECLARATION I declare that THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS LEADERSHIP IN THE CHURCH OF THE PROVINCE OF SOUTHERN AFRICA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DIOCESE OF ST. MARK THE EVANGELIST, is my own work and all sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. M.J. SHASHI LEDWABA University of Pretoria etd – Ledwaba, M S J (2005) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my warmest thanks and gratitude to the following people for the help and encouragement which they extended to me while I struggled to complete this study: this thesis has arisen out of my love for the Church of Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour, the Anglican Church, and the Diocese of St. Mark the Evangelist in particular. Professor J.J. (Dons) Kritzinger, who, as my promoter, has been very kind, patient and most generous at all times with his expert guidance and suggestions. He removed my frustration when I learned of his retirement to the Free State, and promised to continue guiding me. If it had not been for his help, guidance and encouragement, this work would not have seen the light of day in its present form. I wish to thank him most heartily for his untiring sensitivity to Missiological knowledge and – above all – for his patience, tolerance and empathy. Apart from the above, I wish to express my deepest thanks to the following people for their share in helping me to complete this study: 1. My wife, Mokgaetji Mabel (Maghuba) for her patience and encouragement, and for cheerfully enduring the presence of her love to me. Also my daughter, Dr. Margaret Julia Phanyagana Ledwaba and my grand children Kabelo, Dudusile and Musa, who always encouraged me. My daughter would even go out of her way, and give me financial support when I most needed it. I would certainly not have completed this work without their support and prayers. 2. The congregation of my chaplery, St. Andrew Anglican Church, Mashashane. They are really wonderful people to work with, they make my ministry very interesting and encouraging. I wish them God’s blessings. 3. Mr. and Mrs. Carol Moshoeu, who offered their help to my family and to my business during my absence from home, they are a fine and kind family; my appreciation. University of Pretoria etd – Ledwaba, M S J (2005) iii 4. Mrs. Magda Smith, who neatly typed this work, she is a real star, God be praised. 5. Mr. P. Pienaar, Managing Director of Norbake and the management staff, who most kindly offered financial assistance for the typing of this work, God be praised. 6. The Library staff of the University of Pretoria, Ms Thea Heckroodt in particular, for their unfailing help with the inter-library loan services; my deepest appreciation. 7. My only brother Michael and my two sisters Plantina Magongoa and Mrs. Jane Malebati, who always comforted me after the death of my parents. 8. The two lay-ministers Mr. Michael Mokgaetjie Madubanya and Mrs. Semakaleng Lilly Ledwaba, who are co-ministers at St. Andrew Anglican Chapelry, my appreciation for their unfailing presence at church services and worship. 9. The late Venerable Revd. John Maluleka, who passed-away when I was in the midst of this study, he was a good man, who loved God. He was my role model with his spiritual gifts, and also prepared David Manamela and myself for ordination on 14 June 2003, the day he could not be present as he was laid to rest on the 7 June 2003 at Nylstroom. May his soul rest in peace. 10. The Lord God Almighty, my deepest gratitude for carrying me and supporting me throughout this work. I have therefore decided to open myself to the life- giving influence of the Holy Spirit. I wish to invite Him to take control of my life and direct my thoughts, words and deeds. To Him be honour, glory and praise. My prayer is that He may use this study to further the extension of His Kingdom on earth. MASHASHANE 2004 University of Pretoria etd – Ledwaba, M S J (2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 The Statement of the Problem 3 1.3 Definition of Terms 4 1.3.1 CPSA (The Church of the Province of Southern Africa) 4 1.3.2 Development 4 1.3.3 Diocese 5 1.3.4 Inculturation 5 1.3.5 Indigenisation 6 1.3.6 Leadership 6 1.3.7 Mission 7 1.3.8 Northern Transvaal (Limpopo Province) 7 1.4 Aim of the Study / Goal of Study 8 1.5.1 Research Methodology 8 1.6 Delimitation 10 1.7 Overview 11 PART II: HISTORICAL ASPECTS 12 CHAPTER 2: THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CPSA AND THE GRAY VISION 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 England before the Reformation 13 2.3 The Break from Rome 1534 14 2.4 The Return of Catholicism (1553-1558) 18 2.5 Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement 1559 18 2.5.1 The Two Extremes 20 2.5.2 The Puritans 20 University of Pretoria etd – Ledwaba, M S J (2005) 2.5.3 The Anglo Catholics 21 2.5.4 The Acceptance of the Settlement 21 2.5.5 The Anglican Communion 22 2.6 The Founding of the Anglican Church in South Africa 1847 22 2.6.1 The Need for a Bishop 24 2.6.2 The Introduction of the Episcopate 25 2.6.3 The First Bishop – Robert Gray, 1848 26 2.6.4 Missionary Expansion 31 2.7 The Gray Vision: “We must Plant Clergy, Build Churches and Preach the Gospel” 36 2.7.1 Building Churches 37 2.7.2 Preach the Gospel 40 2.7.3 Plant Clergy 41 2.8 Conclusion 44 CHAPTER 3 : THE CPSA IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Geographical Description of the Limpopo Province 45 3.2.1 Limpopo Province, a Socio Economic Description 46 3.2.2 The People of the Limpopo Province 48 3.2.3 The Northern Ndebele People 49 3.3.4 The Northern Ndebele Proper 51 3.3 The Death of Kgoshi Maraba II of the Mashashane Tribe 54 3.3.1 Avenging the Death of Kgoshi Maraba II 54 3.3.2 Northern Sotho, Tsonga and Venda 56 3.4 The Religious Communities/Missionary Movement 58 3.4.1 The Community of the Resurrection 59 3.4.2 The Sekhukhuneland Mission 60 3.4.3 The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) 63 3.5 The Anglican Missionary Effort in the Transvaal 64 3.5.1 The Founding of the Diocese of Pretoria 66 3.5.2 Other Dioceses in the North 69 3.6 The Growth of the CPSA in the Limpopo Province 69 University of Pretoria etd – Ledwaba, M S J (2005) 3.6.1 The Anglican Church amongst the Blacks in the Limpopo Province 70 3.6.2 The Indigenous Leadership 70 3.6.3 The Indispensable Preparation for Spiritual Leadership 72 3.6.4 Training for Leadership 72 3.6.5 The Founding of a Mission Centre in the Limpopo Province 74 3.6.6 The Establishment of Grace Dieu 1906 74 3.7 Two Examples of Grace Dieu’s Products 77 3.7.1 Rev Alfred Sepharihla Phaghane Ledwaba 77 3.7.2 Rev David Manthopeng Stephen Noko Masogo 78 3.8 Leadership as Christian Foundation 78 3.9 The Diocese of St Mark the Evangelist 79 3.10 The Administration of the Anglican Church in Limpopo Province 80 3.11 Archdeaconries 81 3.12 The Bishopric of the new Diocese 82 3.13 The Bishop’s Charge to Synod 18 May 1990 83 3.14 The Second Bishop of the Diocese of St Mark the Evangelist 84 3.15 Bishop Martin’s Charge to Synod 2000 85 3.16 Conclusion 86 CHAPTER 4: THE CPSA AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT 88 4.1 Introduction 88 4.2 The Anglican Spiritual Tradition and Mission 88 4.3 Leadership Development 93 4.4 Leadership in the Church 95 4.4.1 The Establishment of and Work at Grace Dieu 98 4.4.2 Grace Dieu’s Role in Theological Education 99 4.5 Theological Education 102 4.5.1 St Cyprian’s Theological College 104 4.5.2. The Provincial Theological College, St Paul’s, Grahamstown 104 4.5.3 St Peter’s Theological College 107 4.5.4 St Bedes Theological College in Umtata 109 4.5.5 The Theological Education by Extension College (TEEC) 112 University of Pretoria etd – Ledwaba, M S J (2005) 4.6 Conclusion 112 PART III: MISSIOLOGICAL ISSUES 114 CHAPTER 5: “SELF-GOVERNMENT” IN THE NORTHERN DIOCESE OF THE CPSA 115 5.1 Introduction 115 5.2 The Development of an Autonomous Church 116 5.3 The Administrative Governance 119 5.3.1 Church Membership 120 5.3.2 The Gift of Administration 120 5.3.3 Self-Supporting Church 122 5.3.4 Self Propagation 123 5.4 The Christian Response 126 5.5 The Anglican Prayer Book 1989 and the Ministry 129 5.6 The Training for Service 131 5.7 Christian Stewardship 134 5.8 Conclusion 135 CHAPTER 6: THE CHALLENGE OF INDIGENISATION / INCULTURATION 138 6.1 Indigenisation and Inculturation 138 6.2 Indigenous Theology 139 6.3 Inculturation and the Christian Life 141 6.4 African Theology 145 6.5 Incarnation 147 6.6 Christian Faith 150 6.7 The Theology of Mission 153 6.8 Christian Worship 157 6.9 The Ministry of the Word 162 6.10 Christian Life (Death, Funerals, etc) 166 6.11 The Need for Indigenous Leadership Structures and Training for Leadership in Indigenisation / Inculturation 169 University of Pretoria etd – Ledwaba, M S J (2005) 6.12 Indigenous Leadership Structures 171 6.13 Training for Leadership in Indigenisation / Inculturation 174 6.14 Bishop John W Colenso and Inculturation (1814-1883) 175 6.15 Conclusion 178 CHAPTER 7: GROWTH AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH 180 7.1 The Growth of the Diocese of St Mark the Evangelist 180 7.2 The Growth of the Anglican Church 181 7.3 The Anglican Philosophy
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