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Predation on Lesser Bulldog Bat (Noctilio Albiventris Noctilionidae) by Great Rufous Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes Major Dendrocolaptidae) Author(S): Paulo H

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Predation on Lesser Bulldog Bat (Noctilio Albiventris Noctilionidae) by Great Rufous Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes Major Dendrocolaptidae) Author(S): Paulo H Predation on Lesser Bulldog Bat (Noctilio albiventris Noctilionidae) by Great Rufous Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes major Dendrocolaptidae) Author(s): Paulo H. S. A. Camargo and Rudi R. Laps Source: The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 128(4):903-912. Published By: The Wilson Ornithological Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/15-200.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1676/15-200.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 903 KASAHARA, S., Y. YAMAGUCHI,O.K.MIKAMI, AND K. UEDA. PRIBIL,S.AND J. PICMAN. 1991. Why House Wrens destroy 2014. Conspecific egg removal behaviour in Eurasian clutches of other birds: a support for the nest site Tree Sparrow Passer montanus. Ardea 102:47–52. competition hypothesis. Condor 93:184–185. KATTAN, G. H. 1997. Shiny Cowbirds follow the ‘shotgun’ QUINN,M.S.AND G. L. HOLROYD. 1989. Nestling and egg strategy of brood parasitism. Animal Behaviour destruction by House Wrens. Condor 91:206–207. 53:647–654. RIDLEY,A.R.AND A. M. THOMPSON. 2011. Heterospecific KATTAN, G. H., M. PARADA, AND J. W. BELTRA´ N. 2013. The egg destruction by Wattled Starlings and the impact on social system of Sharpe’s Wren (Cinnycerthia olivas- Pied Babbler reproductive success. Ostrich 82:201– cens): fluid group composition in a cooperative breeder. 205. Ornitolog´ıa Colombiana 13:59–68. RITCHISON,G.AND B. T. RITCHISON. 2010. Infanticide by an Eastern Phoebe. Wilson Journal of Ornithology KATTAN, G. H., H. ALVAREZ-LO´ PEZ,N.GO´ MEZ, AND L. CRUZ. 2000. Notes on the nesting biology of the Apical 122:620–622. SIMONS,L.S.AND L. H. SIMONS. 1990. Experimental studies Flycatcher, a Colombian endemic. Journal of Field of nest-destroying behavior by Cactus Wrens. Condor Ornithology 71:612–618. 92:855–860. KERMOTT, L. H., L. S. JOHNSON, AND M. S. MERKLE. 1991. SPOONER, A., S. PRIBIL, AND J. PICMAN. 1996. Why do Gray Experimental evidence for the function of mate Catbirds destroy eggs in nests of other birds? replacement and infanticide by males in a north- Experimental tests of alternative hypotheses. Canadian temperate population of House Wrens. Condor 93:630– Journal of Zoology 74:1,688–1,695. 636. STOLESON,S.H.AND S. R. BEISSINGER. 2001. Does risk of METZ, K. J. 1991. The enigma of multiple nest building by nest failure or adult predation influence hatching male Marsh Wrens. Auk 108:170–173. patterns of the Green-rumped Parrotlet? Condor MØLLER, A. P. 2004. Rapid temporal change in frequency of 103:85–97. infanticide in a passerine bird associated with change in VEIGA, J. P. 2003. Infanticide by male House Sparrows: population density and body condition. Behavioral gaining time or manipulating females? Proceedings of Ecology 15:462–468. the Royal Society of London, Series B 270:S87–S89. MURRAY, L. D. 2014. Video evidence of infanticide by a VEIGA, J. P. 2004. Replacement female House Sparrows female Red-winged Blackbird. Wilson Journal of regularly commit infanticide: gaining time or signaling Ornithology 126:147–151. status? Behavioral Ecology 15:219–222. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 128(4):903–912, 2016 Predation on Lesser Bulldog Bat (Noctilio albiventris Noctilionidae) by Great Rufous Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes major Dendrocolaptidae) Paulo H. S. A. Camargo1,3,4 and Rudi R. Laps2 ABSTRACT.—The Great Rufous Woodcreeper Pantanal, we recorded a Great Rufous Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes major) feeds mostly on arthropods, but preying on a lesser bulldog bat (Noctilio albiventris). After includes small vertebrates such as amphibians and reptiles in striking the bat, the woodcreeper ingested thin strips of the its diet, as well as eggs and nestlings of other songbirds. prey’s flesh. The use of tree cavities by the bats and Great There are a few records of bats in the diet of the Great Rufous Woodcreeper in the Pantanal may increase the Rufous Woodcreeper, but it is not known how commonly chance of encounters between woodcreepers and bats, and they consume bats. During fieldwork in the Brazilian suggests that this kind of predation event involving these two groups may be more common than reported. Received 1 1 Programa de Pos-Gradua¸´ ca˜o em Diversidade Biol- December 2015. Accepted 27 February 2016. gica e Conserva¸ca˜o, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Carlos, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. Key words: Brazilian Pantanal, cavities, diet, feeding 2 Laboratorio´ de Ecologia, CCBS, Universidade Fed- behavior, Noctilio, opportunistic predation, vertebrate predation. eral de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. 3 Current address: Programa de Pos-Gradua¸´ ca˜o em Ecologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Pau- The Great Rufous Woodcreeper, Xiphocolaptes lista,13506-900, Rio Claro, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. 4 Corresponding author; e-mail: major (Dendrocolaptidae) is one of the largest [email protected] woodcreepers (27–34 cm, 120–162 g), and occurs 904 THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY Vol. 128, No. 4, December 2016 FIG. 1. The Great Rufous Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes major) preying on a lesser bulldog bat (Noctilio albiventris)in the Brazilian Pantanal in 2013. The woodcreeper struck the bat (A) until it fainted (B). After the attack on the ground (C), the bird picked the prey up and took it to a tree where it first removed small pieces from it and then tried to swallow the bat wholly (D). in deciduous or semi-deciduous forests of Bolivia, report for the first time the predation by Great Paraguay, Argentina, and in the Brazilian Pantanal Rufous Woodcreeper on lesser bulldog bat, Noctilio (Sick 2001, Marantz et al. 2003). Available data albiventris in the Brazilian Pantanal. indicate that Great Rufous Woodcreeper feeds The predation was recorded by film (Supple- mostly on arthropods like all representatives of the mentary Material) and photographed (Fig. 1) at family, but similar to the diet of some woodcreepers 0830 Brazil Time (BRT) on September 2013 in (e.g., Dendrocincla, Dendrocolaptes, Xiphoco- Passo do Lontra, Corumba´, Mato Grosso do Sul laptes, Campylorhamphus, Xiphorhynchus and Lep- state, Brazil (198 340 S, 578 000 W). We found the idocolaptes), its diet also includes small vertebrates bird on the ground near the bat, where it was such as amphibians and reptiles, as well as eggs and hammering the prey’s head with its beak. The nestlings of other songbirds (Hayes and Argana˜ woodcreeper continued to strike the prey for ~2 1990, Carrizo 1991, Haene 1996, Sick 2001, Bodrati mins, while the bat closed its wings in an attempt to 2003, Lopes et al. 2005, de Lima and Rodrigues protect itself. Once the bat stopped moving, the bird 2008, Kupriyanov et al. 2012, Cockle and Bodrati carried the prey in its beak to a tree trunk and began 2013, Salvador and Bodrati 2013). Predation on to pull thin strips of the prey’s flesh, similar to the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)by observations of Bodrati (2003). After 8 mins, the Great Rufous Woodcreeper was documented once in bird tried to swallow the bat whole but without Argentina along with two more instances of success. We then got closer and the bird flew away predation on unknown bat species (Bodrati 2003). with the prey in its beak. We were unable to follow Therefore, bats may be part of the diet of Great the woodcreeper after that. The bat was identified as Rufous Woodcreepers, but it is unknown if they are lesser bulldog bat (Noctilio albiventris, Noctilioni- common prey items for the woodcreepers. Here, we dae) based on its very distinctive morphology. SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 905 Great Rufous Woodcreepers usually catch prey allowed us to calculate the proportion of predator in tree holes and crevices (Sick 2001), and lesser body mass. Few species of birds feed on a bat so bulldog bats use tree hollows as day roosts (Fenton large relative to bird weight as recorded for the et al. 1993). Even though we are uncertain of how Great Rufous Woodcreeper. On average, bats the bat was captured, considering the hour the represented between 5.1 6 0.6% (mean 6 SE) predation event occurred, it is likely that the and 15.6 6 2.0% of the body mass of the predatory woodcreeper snatched the bat from its roost as birds (but see records for Falco spp. and Rufous- observed by Bodrati (2003), and caused it to fall to browed Peppershrike [Cyclarhis gujanensis]in the ground. Lesser bulldog bats form numerous Appendix). Falconids are very successful bat colonies in narrow cavities with entrances, on predators (Mikula et al. 2016), as well as Rufous- average 2.62 m above the ground and preferably in browed Peppershrike, which have a favorable beak thick trees (Fenton et al. 1993, Aguirre et al. morphology for predation of this kind of food item 2003). Great Rufous Woodcreepers nest and (Gomes et al. 2011). forage in cavities with similar characteristics to The use of shallow tree cavities as roosting sites those chosen by lesser bulldog bats for roosting by the bats in the Pantanal and the foraging behavior (Carrizo 1991, Bodrati 2003, Di Giacomo 2005).
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