SACO Participants' Manual Adam L. Schiff University of Washington Libraries for the Program for Cooperative Cataloging Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service Washington, D.C. 2001 Table of Contents Acknowledgments iv Introduction 1 Why Participate in SACO? 3 SACO Documentation 5 Practicalities 6 Subject Headings 9 When to Make a SACO Proposal 10 Authority Research for Subjects 12 Subject Authority Proposal Form 14 Guidelines for Formulating LC Subject Heading Proposals 16 Examples of Decisions Involved in Making New Subject Proposals 19 Example A: Log-periodic antennas 19 Example B: Systems librarians 20 Example C: Cataloging of cartographic materials 21 Example D: Chinese mitten crab 23 Example E: Kane, Alex (Fictitious character) 25 Example F: Historical fiction, Chilean 26 Example G: Madhupur Jungle (Bangladesh) 27 Example H: Heading with non-free-floating subdivision Wetlands -- Interpretive programs 29 Example I: Establishing a free-floating subdivision under a pattern heading Fishes -- Predators of 30 Summary of LC Subject Heading Editorial Process 32 Sample Pages from Tentative Weekly List 34 Sample Pages from Approved Weekly List 37 MARC Authority Format for Subjects 40 Fixed Fields 41 008/06: Direct or Indirect Geographic Subdivision 41 008/09: Kind of Record 42 008/11: Subject Heading System/Thesaurus 44 008/29: Reference Evaluation 45 008/33: Level of Establishment 46 008/39: Cataloging Source 47 Variable Fields 48 010: Library of Congress Control Number 48 040: Cataloging Source 49 053: LC Classification Number 50 1XX: Headings 51 100: Personal Name 52 110: Corporate Name 53 111: Meeting Name 54 130: Uniform Title 55 150: Topical Term 56 151: Geographic Name 63 i 260: General See Reference 66 360: General See Also Reference 67 4XX: See From Tracings (Used For Cross-References) 68 5XX: See Also From Tracings (See Also Cross-References) 70 667: Nonpublic General Note 72 670: Source Data Found 73 675: Source Data Not Found 81 680: General Public Notes (Scope Notes) 82 681: Subject Example Tracing Note 84 682: Deleted Heading Note 86 781: Subdivision Heading Linking Entry--Geographic Subdivision 87 952: Local Notes 88 953: Cataloger Code 90 Subject Heading Change Proposals 91 When to Make a Change Proposal 92 LC Subject Heading Change Proposal Form 94 LC Subject Heading Change Guidelines 96 Examples of Subject Heading Change Proposals 98 Examples A-C: Adding cross-references (used for references) 98 Example D: Adding a see also reference 102 Example E: Adding a broader term reference 103 Examples F-G: Changing the authorized form of heading 105 Examples H-I: Revising an 053 Field 108 Example J: Revision of references 111 Classification 113 Why Submit Classification Proposals? 114 LC Classification Proposal Form 115 Classification Proposals 116 Examples of Classification Proposals 119 Example A: New Cutter number; new classification schedule style 119 Example B: New Cutter number; old classification schedule style 122 Example C: New Cutter number plus see reference from one entry to another 124 Example D: New Cutter number in a table; pattern cited 126 Example E: New Cutter number; hierarchical Cutters 129 Example F: New whole number; anchor point above 131 Example G: New whole number; anchor point below 133 Example H: New decimal number; anchor point above 136 Example I: New decimal number; pattern cited 138 Example J: New decimal number; anchor point below 141 Example K: New decimal number; caption including explanatory note 143 Example L: Whole and decimal numbers; pattern cited 146 Example M: Multiple decimal numbers; pattern cited 149 Example N: Changing a caption 152 Example O: Changing (adding to) a caption and adding a see reference 154 Example P: Changing (adding to) a caption and adding a see reference across a range of numbers 156 ii Example Q: Creating a new number and changing the indention of a range of numbers beneath it 158 Example R: Splitting one number into multiple numbers 160 Example S: Extensive revisions 164 Example T: Canceling (invalidating) a number 167 Glossary of Terms, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 170 Appendix A: Additional Examples of SACO Proposals for New LCSH 176 100 (Personal Name) 176 110 (Corporate Name) 178 130 (Uniform Title) 180 150 (Topical Term) 181 151 (Geographic Name) 195 Appendix B: MARC Organization Codes Used in Examples 200 Index to New Subject Proposal Examples 201 Index to Change Proposal Examples 203 Index to Classification Proposal Examples 204 Index 205 iii Acknowledgments Numerous people deserve thanks for their encouragement and help with this project. The University of Washington Libraries supported my work on this book and served as a testing laboratory for some of its parts. Carolyn Aamot, Lili Angel, Kathleen Forsythe, Gloria Jeffcott, Allen Maberry, and Barbara Petite of the Monographic Services Division all provided invaluable technical support. Several people reviewed an early draft of the manual and provided important feedback: Linda Gabel and Susan Westberg at OCLC; Bruce Trumble of Harvard University; Cecilia Botero, University of Florida. Helpful comments and criticisms of a later draft were provided by Lori Robare and Carol Hixson of the University of Oregon. Carol, in her role as chair of the PCC Standing Committee on Training, encouraged me to take my time and do things right, which I hope she and others will agree I have done. This work would not be what it is were it not for the support and guidance of colleagues at the Library of Congress. Ruta Penkiunas, Ana Cristán, and John Mitchell of the Cooperative Cataloging Team all provided feedback and helped in innumerable ways. In particular, much of what I've learned about SACO and how to create good proposals has come from John Mitchell, who has been my SACO liaison at LC for many years. I've learned much from John's wise and thoughtful counsel. The staff in LC's Cataloging Policy and Support Office have been an enormous help in making this manual as useful and accurate as I hope it is. Detailed comments, corrections, and suggestions were received from Larry Buzard, Lynn El-Hoshy, Ron Goudreau, Mary Kay Pietris, and Millie Wewerka. In particular, Lynn El-Hoshy went over the manuscript with a fine-tooth comb, catching typos, errors, and misunderstandings large and small, and educating me about LC policy and practice in the process. Lynn's extensive suggestions have made the manual much better than it would otherwise have been. Lynn has long been an important mentor to me, always willing to take time to engage in discussions and explanations of LC subject cataloging policy in person and over email. Any errors of omission or commission are mine, and I would appreciate learning of them so that they can be corrected in a future edition. Adam L. Schiff Principal Cataloger University of Washington Libraries Monographic Services Division Box 352900 Seattle, WA 98195-2900 USA Phone: (206) 543-8409 Fax: (206) 685-8782 Email: [email protected] iv Introduction Introduction The Library of Congress (LC) is involved with a number of different cooperative cataloging enterprises. The Subject Authority Cooperative Program (SACO) is one of these projects. SACO is one of the four constituents of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC), the others being NACO (Name Authority Cooperative Project), CONSER (Cooperative Online Serials Program), and BIBCO (bibliographic component). SACO was established to provide a means for libraries to propose new Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and LC Classification (LCC) numbers. It also allows libraries to submit change proposals for existing subject headings and classification. Proposals are submitted through the Regional and Cooperative Cataloging Division at LC and are reviewed weekly by the Cataloging Policy and Support Office. Approved subject headings are distributed as subject authority records by the Cataloging Distribution Service (CDS) to bibliographic utilities and other subscribers and are included in the printed Library of Congress Subject Headings that is published annually. Approved classification proposals are incorporated into the LC Classification schedules. This manual is intended as an overview of SACO policies and procedures and as a guide to creating SACO proposals. It is not intended to replace essential existing documentation such as the Subject Cataloging Manual. Although information from the Subject Cataloging Manual is included throughout, this manual frequently refers the user to the more detailed information and explanations found there, expecting that catalogers will consult it as necessary. Almost all examples included within this manual are taken from actual headings and classification numbers proposed or modified by SACO participants. There are no formal training requirements for participation in SACO. However, libraries making proposals are expected to have access to and familiarity with the key documentation containing the policies and practices used by LC in subject heading and classification assignment and in the creation of new subject headings and classification numbers. Any library may submit just one or many proposals. The library must have a MARC organization code (formerly called NUC symbol or USMARC code) assigned to it by the Library of Congress, or for Canadian libraries, by the National Library of Canada. A complete list of MARC organization codes is available at http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/organizations/ along with information on how to request a new code. Instructions for requesting a code from the National Library of Canada may be found at http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/pubs/ill/eillse_3.htm#3.2.2. LC staff provide free general and specialized SACO training at workshops held during conferences of the American Library Association and other organizations. While these workshops are not required in order to participate in the SACO program, catalogers interested in further training are encouraged to register for them. Announcements of workshops are made on electronic discussion lists such as AUTOCAT and on the SACO home page. 1 Introduction There is an electronic discussion list for SACO, called appropriately enough, SACOLIST.