sustainability Article The Influence of Islamic Religiosity on the Perceived Socio-Cultural Impact of Sustainable Tourism Development in Pakistan: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach 1,2, 1,2, , 3, 4,5 Jaffar Aman y , Jaffar Abbas y * , Shahid Mahmood *, Mohammad Nurunnabi and Shaher Bano 2 1 School of Media and Communication (SMC), Antai College of Economics and Management (ACEM), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), No. 800 Dongchuan Road Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China 2 School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China; Jaff
[email protected] (J.A.);
[email protected] (S.B.) 3 College of Management, Shenzhen University, No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China 4 Department of Accounting, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
[email protected] 5 St Antony’s College, University of Oxford, 62 Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6JF, UK * Correspondence:
[email protected] (J.A.);
[email protected] (S.M.) Jaffar Abbas and Jaffar Aman equally contributed as a first author to this work. y Received: 17 March 2019; Accepted: 16 May 2019; Published: 29 May 2019 Abstract: Typically, residents play a role in developing strategies and innovations in tourism. However, few studies have sought to understand the role of Islamic religiosity on the perceived socio-cultural impacts of sustainable tourism development in Pakistan. Previous studies focusing on socio-cultural impacts as perceived by local communities have applied various techniques to explain the relationships between selected variables. Circumstantially, the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique has gained little attention for measuring the religiosity factors affecting the perceived socio-cultural impacts of sustainable tourism.