16208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 concerning members of the news media; to year as National Med.lea.I Assistants• Week; By Mr. STEELMAN (for himself, Mr. the dommittee on Interstate and Foreign to the Committee on the Judlcia.ry. ERLENBORN, Mr. SHUSTER, Mr. Commerce. By Mr. ESCH (for himself, Mr. CON­ WHALEN, Mr. PARRIS, Mr. BROWN Of By Mr. MARAZITI: LAN, Mr. HECHLER of West Virglnia, Ohio, Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado, Mr. H.R. 14982. A bill to amend the Internal Mr. MARTIN of North Carolina, Mr. MCCLOSKEY, Mr. MAYNE, Mr. REGULA, Revenue Code of 1954 and certain other pro­ MAzzoLI, Mrs. CmsHOLlll, Mr. Mn.­ Mr. McKINNEY, Mr. THONE, Mr. Mc­ visions of law to provide for automatic cost­ FORD, Mr. ROE, Mr. SYMINGTON, and CoLLISTER, Mr. BELL, Mr. PRITCHARD, of-living adjustments in the income tax Mr. WINN): Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. HORTON, Mr. rates, the amount of the standard, personal H.J. Res. 1028. Joint resolution designating MITcHELL of New York, Mr. ESHLE­ exemption, and depreciation deductions, and the premises occupied. by the Chief of Naval MAN, Mr. MATHIAS of California, Mr. the rate of interest payable on certain obli­ Operations as the official residence of the SHOUP, Mr. COCHRAN, Mr. QUIE, Mr. gations of the United States; to the Com­ Vice President, effective upon the termina­ CONTE, and Mr. GUYER): mittee on Ways and Means. tion of service of the incumbent Chief of H. Res. 1144. Resolution providing for the By Mr.ROY: Naval Operations; to the Committe on Armed consideration of House Resolution 988; to H.R. 14988. A bill to provide for the modi­ Services. the Committee on Rules. fication of the project for Tuttle Creek Lake, By Mr. SYMINGTON (for himself a.nd By Mr. STEELMAN (for himself, Mr. Big Blue River, Kan.; to the Committee on Mr. MINSHALL of Ohio) : BROOMFIELD, Mr. YOUNG of South Public Works. H.J. Res. 1029. Joint resolution authoriz• Carolina, Mr. BURGENER, Mr. SHRIVER, By Mr. BKUBITZ: Ing the President to proclaim the week be­ Mr. RoBISON of New York, Mr. SARA­ H.R. 14984. A bill to amend title 88 of the ginning on the second Monday in Novem­ SIN, Mr. MARTIN of North Carolina, United States Code in order to provide service ber each year as Youth Appreciation Week; Mr. DU PONT, Mr. McEWEN, Mr. pension to certain veterans of World War I to the Committee on the Judiciary. MADIGAN, Mr. HECHLER of West Vir­ and pension to the widows of such veterans; By Mr. DULSKI: ginia, Mr. GUDE, Mr. KEMP, Mr. H. Con. Res. 502. Concurrent resolution FROEHLICH, and Ms. CHISHOLM) : to the Committee on Veterans• Affairs. expressing the sense of the Congress that By Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia: H. Res. 1145. Resolution providing for the the President, acting through the U.S. Am­ consideration of House Resolution 988; to H.J. Res. 1025. Joint resolution to author­ bassador to the United Nations Organlm­ the Committee on Rules. ize the President to proclaim the third week tion, take such steps as may be necessary to ln October of each year as National Screen place the question of human rights viola­ Printing Week and to proclaim Tuesday of tions in the Soviet-occupied Ukraine on the such week as National Screen Printing Day; agenda of the United Naitlons Orga.nizatlon; PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private By Mr. COUGHLIN: By Mr. ESCH: bills and resolutions were introduced and H.J. Res. 1026. Joint resolution to author­ H. Res. 1142. Resolution creating a stand­ ing Committee on Sm.all Business in the severally referred as follows: ize and request the President to issue a By Mrs. SULLIVAN: proclamation designating the calendar week House of Representatives; to the Commit­ tee on Rules. H.R. 14985. A bill for the relief of Ebinger beginning Aprll 20, 1975, as National Volun­ By Mr. MINISH: Electronics, Inc.; to the Committee on Ju­ teer Week; to the Committee on the Judi­ H. Res. 1143. Resolution decla.rlng the sense diciary. ciary. of the House with respect to a prohibition of By Mr. BOB WILSON: By Mr. DULSKI: extension of credit by the Export-Import H.R. 14986. A b111 for the relief of Rear H.J. Res. 1027. Joint resolution to desig­ Bank of the United States; to the Commit­ Adm. F. B. Gllkeson of the U.S. Navy; to nate the third week of September of each tee on Banking and Currency. the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

FEDERAL AID MEANS MORE federal control." During the past several to public education 1n Winchester. This type FEDERAL CONTROL months, three occurrences relating to educa­ of remedlal-i.e., punitive-procedure is set tion in Virginia have verified the truth of forth in Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of that cliche. 1964. Never mind that during the current HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. (1) In February, the news columns car­ school year, Handley officials have expelled 01' vntGINIA ried accounts of dismay among officials of or suspended 65 white students and 40 black the National Collegiate Athletic Assoclation­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES students. The charge 1s made that because dismay caused by a provision of Title IX of only black students were suspended or ex­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 the Clvll Rights Act of 1972. The provision pelled in the aftermath of the April unrest. requires that colleges which accept federal those who run the publlc schools of Win­ Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ aid spend as much money on their athletic chester are "discriminating" on the basis of dent, the Richmond News Leader of programs and fac111t1es for women as they race. If federal cash were not involved, such Tuesday, May 7, 1974, published a pro­ spend for men. Failure to comply could mean a charge would be correctly dismissed as vocative editorial entitled "Federal Aid a cut-off of federal funds to the transgress­ merely a mischievous allegation. Means Federal * * * ." It deals with the ing colleges and universities. (In fl.sea.I 1972, (3) And during the past year, both Gov­ controls which the Federal Government the Department of Health, Education, and ernors Holton a.nd Godwin have haggled with Welfare-the conduit for federal aid to ed­ HEW a.bout "desegregation" of Virginia's 1s putting on the States and localities ucation-provided $4.1 bllllon to American of public colleges and universities. The Gov­ through the Department Health, Edu­ colleges and universities.) Walter Byers, the ernors have argued that Vlrglnla already is cation, and Welfare. executive director of the NCAA, has informed complying with 1964 Civil Rights Act provi­ The editorial concludes by stating: · the NCAA's 775 member institutions that sions pertaining to higher education. HEW So it goes. Further proof, if further proof "this regulation will dismantle the structure has argued that, well, maybe Virginia ts were needed, that federal aid means of intercollegiate athletics in this country. complying and maybe Virglnia is not com­ federal control. Right now, we do have a crlsls." So, as the plying, but until HEW decides, Virginia result of a regulation Intended to eradicate would be well advised-for lnstance--to in­ How accurate that editorial is, Mr. "sex discrimination" from the nation·s col­ crease the numbers of blacks at predomi­ President. leges, the federal government possibly will nantly white schools, greatly increase the The more the States and localities ac­ put intercollegiate athletics at many colleges number of whites at predominantly black cept Federal funds, the more Federal out of business. schools, hire more black teachers at predomi­ funds are appropriated to them, the more (2) As a result of unrest at Handley High nantly white schools, etc., and file progress Federal control goes along with it. School in Winchester during the week of reports with HEW every six months. HEW April 15, school authorities in Winchester euphemistically describes its position as I ask unanimous consent to have this suspended or expelled 15 students-all of editorial printed in the Extensions of Re­ them black. And abracadabra, within 10 days "conciliatory.'' That ls about as subtle as marks. those school authorities found themselves a mailed fist. The implied threat that has There being no objection, the editorial "consulting" with two representatives from run through these year-long dealings with was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, HEW. The alleged purpose of the visitation? HEW is that lf Virginia does not knuckle as follows: To determine whether the school authori­ under to HEW's demands, HEW will halt ties had "discriminated" in their suspensions the flow of mlllions of dollars of federal aid FEDERAL Am MEANS FEDERAL * * • and expulsions. If the HEW representatives to Virginia public education. Early in the debate about federal aid to detected such discrimination, they wlll de­ So it goes. Further proof, if further proof education, it became a cltche of the anti­ mand corrective action; lf corrective action were needed, that federal a.id means . . statist argument that "federal aid means ls not Initiated, HEW will cut off federal cash federal control. May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16209 STATEMENT OF THE GREATER WIL­ DETENTE AND THE UNITED STATES frontation between the two social systems MINGTON DEVELOPMENT COUN­ (Pravda, June 29, 1972). CIL BEFORE THE CIVIL AERONAU­ The Soviet accommodation with the TICS BOARD HEARING SEPTEM­ HON. ROBERT PRICE United States in our desire to ease the BER 25, 1973, CONCERNING THE OF TEXAS tensions should not be considered as a PETITION OF EASTERN AIRLINES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sudden and fundamental change in pol­ AND ALLEGHENY AIRLINES TO icy which can be applied with any de­ SUSPEND SERVICE AT GREATER Wednesday, May 22, 1974 gree of predictability or consistency. It WILMINGTON AIRPORT Mr. PRICE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, can only be viewed as a selfish willing­ detente is being used as a descriptive ness on the part of the Soviet leadership term to characterize the complex rela­ to relax the tensions for specific pur­ HON. PIERRE S. (PETE) du PONT tions between the United States and the poses; namely, to enhance Soviet econ­ OF DELAWARE Soviet Union. It all began with the Pres­ omy and the Soviet position in world IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ident's visit to Moscow in 1972 which was affairs. We cannot link detente to the full spectrum of Soviet policy issues vis­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 followed by a wave of optimism by Americans. Let us look at this word. a-vis those of the United States. Mr. DU PONT. Mr. Speaker, I would Detente is many things to many people, To some degree, if we keep in mind its like to insert in the RECORD the following but literally it means a relaxing of ten­ precise definition, detente can be used excellent statement on the suspension of sion, implying, of course, that there had to describe the relationship between the service at the Greater Wilmington Air­ been tension in the past. But that is all United States and the Soviet Union, as port: detente means-nothing more and noth­ there has been a relaxation o.f tension STATEMENT OF THE GREATER WILMINGTON DE• ing less. Many have looked at this de­ between the two superpowers since 1972. 'YELOPMENT COUNCIL BEFORE THE CIVIL AER· scription of the state of affairs and found We find, however, that this condition is ONAUTICS BOARD HEARING SEPTEMBER 25, it to be a panacea for all our interna­ characterized by a confused and whim­ 1973, CONCERNING THE PETITION OF EASTERN tional problems. These same individuals, sical mixture of accord and discord, de­ AmLINES AND ALLEGHENY AIRLINES To SUS­ and indeed, some institutions, worry ex­ pending on the issue. PEND SERVICE AT GREATER WILMINGTON cessively about press reports that detente The hidden danger in using detente, AIRPORT is fragile, failing, crumbling, or collaps­ in its broad sense, as a descriptive term The Greater Wilmington Development ing. Unfortunately, the definition leaves lies in the real possibility that many will Council, a bipartisan, not-for-pro:flt, public much unanswered about the totality of be lulled into a false sense of security interest organization whose primary aim ts and relax into a sensation of compla­ to develop solutions to community problems the state of affairs it attempts to de­ for the long-range good of Its citizens, op­ scribe. cency. Such ominous perceptions could poses the petition by Eastern Airlines and Perhaps it is easier to express what the cause us to be overly trusting in nego­ Allegheny Airlines to suspend passenger serv­ word does not mean or what it will not tiations and ill-prepared during con­ ice at the Greater Wilmington Airport. do rather than what it means or will do. frontations. Already some are saying GWDC membership and support comes from Detente is not a panacea, nor is it an that this era of detente permits us to hundreds of influential citizens and the agreement, contract, pact, or obligation reduce our national defenses. A breath­ leading businesses and industries in the taking leap in logic, as now, more than Greater Wilmington Area. in any form between the two super­ powers. Detente will not guarantee peace ever, we must have a military establish­ We regard the proposal by the two airlines ment second to none. Now that the to have serious negative impact on the in­ between the United States and the Soviet terests of the people of the Greater Wilming­ Union, nor is it a state of affairs which Soviets have reached nuclear superior­ ton region. Based on information in hand, it would preclude the need for a modern, ity, or at best parity, we simply cannot is diftlcult to justify such an action when well-equipped, and ready military estab­ afford to negotiate from a weak hand. one considers that: (1) the airport ts stra­ lishment. Detente with the Soviet Union It is true that the framework required tegically situated in one of the fastest grow­ will not provide a basis for agreement be­ to shape the abstract concept of detente ing regions of the Northeast Corridor, a fu­ tween the United States and the Arab Into a viable form was built in Moscow ture major market for air transportation; nations to arrive at a permanent solution in May 1972. Detente is certainly the (2) in excess of 300,000 air trips are made 1nit1al and, Indeed, the essential step by New Castle County citizens annually, (S) to the oil situation, nor will it necessarily Delaware would be the only State without help us negotiate the cease-fire and troop forming lasting relationships and we regularly scheduled trunk airline service; disengagement between the Israeli and should pursue it. But until detente is un­ (4:) the suspension of these flights wm add Syrian forces-a giant step required to derpinned with initiatives in the social, to the seriously overcrowded conditions at reach a peaceful settlement in the Mid­ political, commercial, economic, and Philadelphia International, both on the dle East. netente does not represent a military areas, we can ill afford to be ground and in the air; (5) value 1n use wm change in the value system of moral and complacent or at ease with the relation­ be diminished of a $6.5 million investment ethical questions in the Soviet Union, nor ship between the United States and the made in the facllittes at this airport, about does it represent an ideological shift by Soviet Union. Detente alone is insuf­ half of which was :financed by Federal As matching funds; and (6) the CAB dented a either side which would diminish the ficient. we understand its meaning simllar request 1n 1966. "perpetual conflict" destined to confront detente is certainly preferable to the We believe that CAB approval of this pe­ the two systems. tense and strained relationship which tition would be an act contrary to the in­ The .fact of the matter is that th'e So­ existed in the 1950's and 1960's during terests and expectations of the many resi­ viets have not made one change to their the height of the cold war. But it is im­ dents of the Greater Wilmington region, Marxist-Leninist ideology even in light portant for us to realize just what de­ Lower Delaware, and the neighboring states of this new era of proclaimed "peaceful tente means, or more importantly, what of New Jersey and Maryland. There ls some it does not mean. evidence of a need to increase flights at coexistence" and, of equal importance, in Greater Wllmlngton to better serve the in­ the face of the Sino-Soviet confronta­ creasing population and support industrial tion. This latter point causes one to pon­ development in the immediate vicinity. We der how the Soviet Union will feel about S. SGT. WILLIE TERRY RECEIVES recognize the diftlcult situation the airline detente in a post-Mao era and China RED CROSS AWARD companies face trying to provide each and with leaders in agreement with the So­ every community with adequate air service. viet view of communism. Make no mis­ HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO Therefore, we offer our assistance and co­ take about it, ''American capitalistic im­ operation to both airlines in an effort to perialism" remains the No. 1 enemy of OF NEW YORK bulld a more economically viable passenger IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES flight schedule at Greater Wilmington. the Soviet Union. Chairman Brezhnev A balanced transportation system ls the said in June 1972, following Presid·ent Wednesday, May 22, 1974 lifeline of the commerce, industry and tour­ Nixon's visit to the S.oviet Union: Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, the ism of any locality and the loss of passenger Peaceful coexistence in no way implies American Red Cross has named one of air service at the Greater Wilmington Air­ the possibility of relaxing the ldeologtcal port would be a serious blow to the future struggle. On the contrary. we must be pre­ my constituents, S. Sgt. Willie Terry, economic well-being of the Greater W11m1ng­ pared for thta struggle to become more of Jamaica, N.Y., to receive the Cer­ ton region and the State of Delaware. Intense and an ever sharper !orm o! con- tiflcate of Merit, highest award of that 16210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 organization for meritorious action in hobby, he responded, "reading Oliver Wen­ truth. He swears that he met "B," wllo told sustaining another human life. dell Holmes and Louis Nizer." This article him that the defendant said he had stolen In a period in our Nation's history is adapted from an address delivered by Mr. the money. You can't cross-examine "A" ef­ Nizer at New York University Law School.) fectively. "B" is not available to be tested. when we too often miss reading of ac­ Of all the people in Watergate who re­ It ls by use of hearsay that tyrants convict counts of heroism, I believe it is particu­ ceived universal acclamation, Judge Slrica those they Wish to dispose of, no matter how larly important to bring actions such as is first. He has been praised by critics at innocent. these to the attention of my colleagues the opposite ends of the spectrum. President Does purging our political system justify in the House of Representatives. Nixon has twice referred to him as that such wrong means? Mind you, the hearsay At this point in the RECORD, I insert "courageous judge." Senator Ervin, Senator in the Watergate hearings was not projected the text of a letter which I received from Baker and the other members of the Water­ merely to 12 jurors, but to 20 million Amer­ gate Committee have heaped adulation upon icans. It was they who were drenched with the American Red Cross, advising me of him. If any editorial in the nation has con­ accusations against individuals, who, guilty the award to Stat! Sergeant Terry and tained an unkind word about Judge Slrica, or not, had none of the safeguards provided the event which earned him this recog­ I haven't found it. by criminal law. nition: I, for one, am loath to make the point I Let me consider a third proposition. A THE AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS, am about to make, but I feel it has to be senate committee is authorized to take testi­ Washington, D.C., May 15, 1974. made. The epigram, "The end does not justify mony for one purpose only-to formulate Hon. JosEPH P. ADDABBO, the means," has a corollary: "The means legislation. It has no authority to decide the Rayburn House Office Building, does not justify the end." During the Mc­ guilt or innocence of any individual. Only a Washington, D.C. Carty terror, it was easy to detect the im­ court, which affords a defendant protective DEAR MR. ADDABBO: Once again I write to propriety of the means, even if the objec­ privileges, ca.n do so. No other system of law call your attention to a meritorious action tive-to stop Communism-was desirable. is as zealous in its concern for one who may taken by another one of your constituents. "You can't," we cried, "pillory people and be deprived of his liberty as ours. Consider In this instance S/Sgt. Willie Terry, 084- destroy them by innuendo and hearsay." But some of the safeguards our Constitution 34-6334, 105-10 177th Street, Jamaica, New when today we enjoy the discomfiture of provides. York 11433, military address Hq. Co. loth those who are being accused, we are inclined First, there is a presumption of Innocence Trans. Bn., Fort Eustis, Virginia 23604, has to overlook the means by which they are that continues to the last second of the trial. been named to receive the Red Cross Cert11l­ exposed. second, the jury must be unanimous. If one cate of Merit. You wlll recall th1s Is the high­ Judge Sirlca's objective has been magnlfi­ out of the 12 has a doubt, the defendant 1s est award given by the American Nat1onal cent--the exposure of the Watergate scan­ free. Third, the defendant can sit quietly by Red Cross to a person who saves or sustains a dal. But what have been his means? no matter how guilty and say, "You, Mr. life by using skllls learned in a Red Cross Five defendants pleaded guilty to burglary. District Attorney, must prove me guilty. I first aid, small craft, or water sa.fety course. Two others stood trial and were convicted. am not going to help you." Fourth, the judge Presentation wm be made by the Red Cross Sirica told them that they knew more than charges the jury, "If you believe this man Is Field Director at Fort Eustis. they had told and he was sentencing them guilty, you must, nevertheless, not find him On March 20, 1974 Army Staff Sergeant provisionally to 35-40 years. If they coop­ so unless you find that he is gullty beyond Terry was nearby when a switchboard opera­ erated and confessed all, he would reconsider a reasonable doubt." This ls an extraordinacy tor received a severe electrical shock while the punishment. After four weeks, one of standard. operating a field switchboard. Immediately the defendants cracked and wrote a letter Justice Black was interviewed shortly be­ Sergeant Terry, trained in Red Cross ad­ saying he was ready to talk. Thus the objec­ fore his death and was asked, "In view of the vanced first aid, went to assist and began at tive was achieved. decisions you are handing down here, isn't once to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscita­ But do we want judges--despite the re­ it almost impossible to convict anybody?" tion and other lifesupportlve measures to the sult in this case-to use penalties to force He shocked the reporters by replying, "Of victim. Sgt. Terry continued -:;he resuscita­ people to surrender their right under the course-that's the purpose. Read the Consti­ tion efforts approximately 20 minutes until Fifth Amendment not to talk? Is this not tution. The government has immense an ambulance arrived and transported the a form of judicial duress? Is it very different, power-the FBI, police, prosecutors-and victim to a hospital. Although the victim except in degree and kind, from other forms unlimited funds. The individual citizen later succumbed, Sgt. Terry's use of his skllls of duress to obtain confessions, which our stands alone. The very title of the action is and knowledge sustained the man's life Supreme Court has repeatedly condemned? enough to put terror into the heart of a untll medical help could be reached. In one famous case, in which a murderer cltiZen. 'The United States of America This meritorious action is another example was forced to confess, giving objective evi­ against John Jones.' So we have built a of the concern of one human being for an­ dence that left no doubt of his guilt, the cordon of rights around him to balance the other who ls in distress. Supreme Court set aside the conviction and situation. to protect the individual against Sincerely, freed him. Justice Douglas wrote the follow­ the overwhelming power of the government. GEORGE M. ELSEY. ing sentence, which I have always admired That's our purpose, to make things as tough for its forthrightness. He said that It was for the prosecutor as we can." true that some murderers who now go free Now, one final word, I, for one, and I hope would be caught if third-degree methods you, too, are concerned but not discouraged DO SIRICA AND WATERGATE METH­ were used to wring confessions from them. by the revelations that have shocked. It 1s But "this ls the price we pay for a c1v111zed healthy that they have come out. Only in a ODS REALLY HONOR OUR SYS­ society." If we resort to duress, sooner or democracy could this miracle of exposure TEM? later innocent men are going to be pounded have occurred, despite the enormous powers and beaten. vested at the top. Also, I believe it will result There are many forms of duress. Some are in legislation to control financing of elec­ HO~ ROBERTJ. HUBER subtle, not merely the rubber pipe applied tions, and proper procedures for election OF MICHIGAN below the face to leave no marks, but end­ processes. This will be a magnificent result. ours ls a great and noble nation. We must IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES less questioning that deprives the victim of sleep, and other psychological devices. not give vent to despondency or skepticism. Wednesday, May 22, 1974 Once we break down the constitutional guar­ There are fine people in government and out antees, we set an evil precedent. of government and in business and out Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, a recent Let me give another mustration. senator of business, and our great nation couldn't article by Mr. Louis Nizer in the Family Ervin, a constitutional lawyer of standing, have achieved its em1nen£e in science, busi­ Weekly of May 12, 1974, of the Star­ and Senator Baker, a very able lawyer, said ness and culture without a healthy core. News explairui the dangers of resorting on television during the hearings, not once The surrounding corrupting tissue. will have to extraordinary methods in trying to but several times, "Ninety percent of this to be removed. · bring Watergate offenders to justice. Mr. testimony would not be admitted in a court Nizer points out how Judge Sirica used of law because it ls hearsay. But this ls not penalties to force people to surrender a court. We are a Senate committee seeking BIBLE-EVINS TAX BILL FOR SMALL their rights under the fifth amendment the truth. So we wm accept this evidence." BUSINESS STRONGLY ADVOCATED Just reflect on that a minute. The truth BY NATIONAL SMALL BUSINESS in order to secure evidence and that this is equated with hearsay evidence. For cen­ is not in keeping with our best traditions. turies, legal philosophers have considered ORGANIZATIONS The article follows: hearsay evidence the worst way to get the Do SmICA AND WATERGATE METHODS REALLY truth. The reason that hearsay evidence ls HONOR OUR SYSTEM? eliminated from trials is not technical, but HON. JOE L. EVINS (By Louis Nizer) because In the scales o! evidence It has no OF TENNESSEE (Non:--Louis Ntzer ts the author and at­ weight; it has no probative value. I could IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES torney whose la.test best seller, "The Im­ convict anyone in this country of any crime Wednesday, May 22, 1974 plosion Conspiracy," ts being produced as through hearsay evidence. You would be a major motion picture by Otto Preminger. helpless. "A" takes the stand. He ls a reputa­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, When Judge Sirica was recently asked his ble and honest man who always tells the the Small Business Association of New May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16211 England and other small business orga­ their education after May 31 of this year. American people, by inserting it into the nizations today make an excellent pres­ In just 9 days' time, GI educational bene­ RECORD. The article follows: entation to members of the Select Com­ fits will expire for those thousands of NEW BREED FROM THJ: NEW SolJTH mittee on Small Business and other veterans, even though they have not yet (By Ian Menzies) Members 1n connection with their pro­ completed their education. ATLANTA.-Congressman Andrew Young, jected legislative program for 1974. On February 19 of this year, the House who 1s black, a reverend, and from a Georgia The :first priority in their recommen­ passed H.R. 12£28, which not only ex­ district which is 60 percent white, tells the dations was small business tax reform, tended the eligibility time period for story of how, following an outdoor political and in this connection SBANE, the Inde­ those veterans by 2 years, but also pro­ meeting, he suddenly found himself face to vided a much-needed 13.6 percent in­ face with a huge, white, unsmiling red-neck pendent Business Association of Wiscon­ farmer leaning against the open rear door of sin, the Smaller Manufacturers Council crease in educational benefits. I strongly a Ught panel truck. of Pittsburgh, Pa., and the Council of supported that legislation, knowing full .. It was the whole bit," says Young, ""right Smaller Enterprises of Cleveland, Ohio, well the devastating impact of recent in­ down to the open neck shirt, straw hat and endorsed the Bible-Evins Tax Simplifica­ flation on the current meager allotment ba.nda.na and inside the truck I could see a tion and Reform Act. This bill, H.R. 5222, granted veterans for educational pur­ whole rack of hunting rifles. was introduced by Senator ALAN BIBLE, poses. "This is it, I thought, the end ot the chairman of the Senate Small Business However, in the last 3 months the line • . . Well, it comes to everyone, but I House and Senate have been unable to stuck out my hand anyway and said who I Committee, and by myself as chairman was. of the House Small Business Committee. resolve their differences over the level "That red-neck farmer took my hand and "The Bible-Evins bill is a must for in­ of benefit increases, and the May 31 said, 'Boy, I wantcha to know I'm gonna vote dependent business", the SBANE report deadline is now perilously close at hand. for YOl:" •.. and I.ester Maddox.' declared, and urged early action by the As a result, the critical issue to which "I asked him 'why': why Young and Mad­ Committee on Ways and Means. we must devote our immediate attention dox, who don't exactly share slmlla.r philoso­ The Bible-Evins bill provides for sim­ is the extension of the eligibility time phies. plification of tax laws and forms; tax period. It was precisely for this reason " 'Because,' he said, "I want more folksy that on May 16, I sponsored legislation politics.'" benefits to encourage plowback prac­ And by "'folksy politics," the red-neck tices; lower tax rates for small business, to extend that time period for 2 years; fa.rm.er didn't mean corn whiskey, promisee particularly new business and the promo­ if enacted, the bill would permit the and banjos, but people who ca.re and under­ tion of growth of new and small firms by Congress to work its will concerning the stand. liberalizing first-year depreciation and increase in benefits as expeditiously as Young, who is slim and boyish and looks increasing permissible accumulations of possible thereafter. more like 32 than 42, ca.res and understands. earnings to increase reserves; among Mr. Speaker, I consider it shameful He exudes sincerity, fa.1th 1n the future. others. that 300,000 honored veterans of this even the black-white future and speaks with Nation do not yet know if they will have the voice of reason which is why undoubtedly Other recommendations by the small in 1972 he was elected the first black con­ business organizations included: the means to be able to register for gressman from the Deep South since 1898. Proposals to strengthen the small busi­ classes after May 31. The blame for this Young is the type of man this nation needs, ness procurement programs in Federal intolerable situation can only be placed a man who, whether black or white, or any departments and agencies, assuring small squarely on the Congress. In the strong­ other color, appeals to the universal goodness business of an equitable share of Gov­ est terms possible, I urge my colleagues of men and women; draws out the best, not ernment contract and service awards. in leadership positions to take action to the worst. resolve this matter now. And nowhere is such a man more needed Amendments to the SBA loan assist­ today than in Boston. ance program to provide greater flexibil­ That Atlanta can send such a man to Con­ ity based on current problems and needs gress speaks well for the South and for the of small businessmen-including loan THE FUTURE OF THE SOUTH­ basic truths of the civil rights movement: a guarantees for both long-term and re­ REPRESENTATIVE ANDREW YOUNG greening which exists more 1n name than volving short-term debt. fa.ct above the Ma.son-Dixon Une. Selma was only nine years ago, a March 1n The combining of the Service Corps of which Young, chief aide to the late Dr. Mar­ Retired Executives, SCORE, with Active HON. JOE MOAKLEY tin Luther King, took pa.rt. Corps of Executives, ACE, and directed OF MASSACHUSETTS And Atlanta has looked at Young in dis­ by SBA. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinctly different ways. Encourage growth of minority enter­ In 1969 it jailed him and three years later prises in manufacturing to broaden the Wednesday, May 22, 1974 sent him to Congress, "so Atlanta can't be all base of minority participation in the Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is bad," says Young laughingly. always encouraging to see a Member of Could that happen in Boston? economy. Young's message, which comes from his These are worthwhile proposals which Congress who exudes the qualities of ministry as well as himself, is simple and will be con5idered by our Small Business faith, sincerity, and universal concern direct; that we all must live together. Committee and, I am sure, by the appro­ for the American people. "We're beginning to realize," he feels, "that priate legislative committees of the Representative ANDREW YOUNG, of it's not a question of black and white, but House. Georgia, provides an excellent example good and bad and the good ,and bad comes I commend and congratulate the lead­ of this kind of legislator. His efforts in \n all colors. ers, officials and members of SBANE and the Congress encompass a broad range "I see a new pluralism. This country is not a meltlng pot, but a stew with everyone re­ its affiliated organizations in its Wash­ of issues, a profound concern, and an taining an identity." ington program for their outstanding intense dedication to service for the Young remains vigorously opposed to black presentation and their fine work on be­ people of his district and the entire separation while conceding it may have been half of small businessmen throughout the Nation. needed by young blacks to establish identity, Nation. I am heartened also by the changes in but he feels strongly that "there can't be attitudes that have allowed a man like quality education in racial isolation." ANDY YOUNG to be elected to the House He believes, as obviously did the red-neck farmer who endorsed him, that there are far VETERANS' BENEFITS of Representatives. He was elected from greater issues facing this nation than differ­ a district in the Deep South which is 60 ences in color and that coalitions are needed percent white, and in which only 3 years to point up these issues, coalitions which he HON. STANFORD E. PARRIS before his election he had been jailed says are coming. OF vmGINIA for his work in the civil rights move­ Young, whose credo is the vote, has not been impressed with black voting records IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment. Recently, an article by Ian Menzies ap­ in Boston and as a past campaign partici­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 peared in the Boston Globe, praising the pant has some knowledge. He likes to point out that there are now Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I am frank­ work of my friend and colleague, and more black elected officials in Mississippi ly appalled by a situation which has outlining the social changes which he has than in any other state in the union, as well developed in the House and Senate and been through and worked for. I would as 3000 black elected officials nationwide, which may well prevent some 300,000 vet­ like to share this article with my col­ which is 162 percent more than flve years erans across the Nation from continuing leagues in the House, and with the ago. 16212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 Northern cities such as Boston can learn "making it alone." The freedom and with a marvelous record of public serv­ some lessons in race relations from the South, opportunity possible in a small business Atlanta and Congressman Young and that ice and accomplishments in the best "folksy" rather than confrontation politics venture cannot be overlooked or meaning of that phrase and the Lynch may be more effective in producing both co­ undervalued. family reputation continues as a model alitions and compromise. I think it encouraging to note that for all who believe in the principles of many of the minority persons of our Americanism and community service. Nation are now engaged in small busi­ ness. The Census Bureau informs me A SALUTE TO SMALL BUSINESS that, according to their latest statistics WEEK there are approximately 321,958 minority CLEAN AIR STANDARDS owned businesses in the country. I be­ lieve minority owned and operated busi­ HON. JOHN 8. ANDERSON nesses are one of the most constructive HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. OF ILLINOIS rewarding and most of all, realistic OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES channels for the minority community to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, May 22, 1974 achieve full participation in the eco­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. Speak­ nomic and social life of the Nation. I can Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. er, small business plays an indispensable think of few other instances where the Speaker, we have all seen the full-page role in our economic and social life. Small opportunity to "pull oneself up by one's ads in the national magazines and the business can be considered a tradition own boot straps" presents itself as com­ major newspapers claiming that clean as old as America itself. The early history pellingly as in a small business under­ air standards cannot be met. The solu­ of our Nation discloses that a great many taking. For these reasons I especially tion, according to the ads, is to begin of our forefathers engaged their talents congratulate the small business owned wholesale strip mining in the West and organizing and developing small busi­ by minority entrepreneurs. postpone clean air deadlines. The reason nesses. To their unending credit, their In conclusion, I wish to express to my given for not meeting the standards is efforts created a solid foundation upon colleagues the importance of supporting that the technology for desulfurization which later American enterprises could the Committee Reform Amendments of is not available. The argument is a fa­ flourish. To this day, that foundation 1974

In 1964, the Congress passed the Civil SCHOOL DESEGREGATION 1954-74 to cope with the new era-Beltway trafHc ls over 60 again. Rights Act forbidding discrimination in ed­ (In percent) ucation and withholding funds from seg­ At the recent United Nations economic ses­ regated schools. Through the 1964-65 school sion, most third-world states blindly went year, Southern Education Reporting Service, Blacks in schools with whites-11 Southern States: on parting the old anti-American line, ob­ 1954-55_ ------0. 001 livious to the almost certain reality that the the predecessor of Race Rel a. tions Informa­ 1955-56 ______------• 115 tion Center, was the only source for the 1956-57 ______.144 Arab (and Iranian) oil price increases will region's statistics on school desegregation. 1957-58. ------• 151 crush them, destroy them, some in just a In that school year, the 11 Southern States 1958-59_ ------. 132 few months. had 2.25 per cent of its Black students at­ 1959-60. ------• 160 Accustomed as we Americans are to high 1960-61.. ------.162 living, we may be less ready than any other tending schools with whites. 1961-62_ ------. 241 Beginning with 1965-66, the U.S. Depart­ 1962-63_ ------. 453 nation to absorb the new intelligence that ment of Health, Education and Welfare, 1963-64. ------1. 17 not only is our power in the world eroding­ began monitoring school desegregation and 1964-65_ ------2. 25 we had begun to deal with that-but our 6.1 per cent of the Black students in the 1966-671965-66. ______------15.6. 91 very standard of living cannot be protected South attended desegregated schools. 1967-68_ ------NA from forces beyond our national reach. 1968-69_ ------32. 0 Rea.ding last Sunday in The New York The pace of desegregation quickened with 1969-70. __ ------__ ------_---- ______NA the 1966-67 school year and 15.9 per cent of 1970-71______85. 6 Times Magazine that the new world condi­ tions stump our best economists, I felt the public school Black students attended 1971-72 •• ------90. 8 desegre.gated schools. The figure doubled 1972-73. ------91. 3 chtlled. It would have been reassuring to two years later, reaching 32 per cent. 1973-74 ___ ----______------__ ---- NA learn that, say, when the economists got their Figures were not available for 1969-70, heads together and then briefed Henry Kis­ but the federal count in 1970-71, showed al­ singer, Humpy Dumpty could somehow be most 86 per cent of the South's Black pupils A WORLD OUT OF CONTROL? put back together again. But our problems were in desegregated schools. go much deeper than one discipline's insight The figure showed another sizeable in­ or one Ina.n's prowess. crease in the following school year ( 1971- HON. RICHARD BOLLING The implications of the West's political 72), reaching 90.8 per cent. The latest avail­ OF MISSOURI crisis and the world's economic crisis go far beyond the trivial matter of issuing a. state­ a.ble figure is for 1972-73, and that figure IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ls 91.3 per cent. A spokesman for the Ofiice of-the world report. of Civil Rights said that estimates indicate Wednesday, May 22, 1974 We Americans, having just cranked our­ the figures will have changed little for this Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, there is selves through one major review of our in­ current school year. ternational premises in the last five or so a very important message in the fol­ years, must start the process over again. For The first national statistics on school de­ lowing column written by Stephen S. segregation became avaiilable in the late the NiXon-Kissinger premise of an essentially 1960s. In 1968-69, the nation had 23.4 per Rosenfeld which appeared in the Wash­ orderly 19th century kind of world, amenable cent of its Black students in majority-white ington Post, May 17: to intelligent rational manipulation by the schools (50 per cent or more white), as com­ A WORLD OUT OF CONTROL? United States (and its adversaries and allies), pared to the 18.4 per cent in the South. In ls wobbling badly. (By Stephen S. Rosenfel~) We will find ourselves more concerned, 1970-71, the ranking reversed, with the South The state-of-the-world report that Mr. having a figure of 40.3 pe·r cent Blacks in relatively, with new-style economic matters Ntxon has issued annually since 1970 is late than old-style political ones; with our wel­ majority-white schools, and the national fig­ this year and, Watergate aside, it seems in­ ure numbering 33.1 per cent. fare rather than "peace." Less and less does dicative. This is perhaps the most difficult diplomacy, in the Nixon-Kissinger sense of The latest figures available, those for 1972- and dismal year to assay the changes in one 73, show that the public schools in the South politicians arranging things between govern­ year since World II. ments, seems an adequate tool in itself for have 46.3 per cent of the Black students in Indeed, I am sobered, even scared, by the predominantly white schools, and the na­ managing our world interests. way the world's problems appear to be spin­ Freedom., in the classical Western or Wil­ tional figure is 36.3 per cent. ning out of control. I find that various ac­ Another measure of "20 years of Brown" sonian sense, is in for even harder times. quaintances share my apprehensions but, Americans have long hoped to see, and move ls an accounting of how many Black stu­ out of doubt, modesty or propriety, hesitate sometimes actively tried to promote, a flow­ dents remain in all-Black schools. The first to express them. Most politicians, eager to ering of our values around the world. Not nationwide survey in 1968-69, showed the play rainmaker, don't even breathe them. just national egoism but a hard-headed con­ U.S. had 39.7 per cent in all-Black schools, This scares me most of all. cern for the kind of international environ­ compared to 68 per cent for the South. First, by a coincidence--or is it a coinci­ ment most favorable to us lay behind this The South had dropped to par with the dence ?-the Western democracies are all desire. But freedom comes more and more to national figure of 14 per cent in 1970-71, and passing through, at the least, a crisis of con­ look like a product of good times, a luxury the South had reduced its all-Black school fidence. In Europe, not to speak of the United few can afford. enrollment to 8.7 per cent of the total Black States, governments are gasping, and citi­ Finally, the demands on political leader­ students the following year, below the 11.2 zens have lost confidence in the basic com­ ship are going to mount fiercely. As publlcs per cent national figure. petence of government. Because of the oil get a firmer sense of being on the chu te, real SUPREME COURT CALLED FOR COMPLIANCE "WITH price increases, Europe ls speeding rapidly recrimination, viciousness and demago5uery ALL DELmERATE SPEED" toward economic disaster, and almost no one become more feasible. We of the West and Statistical tables below show the pace of pays heed. leaders who will describe our dilemma truly desegregation for the nation, the 11 south­ The West has known many periods of and enlist our best instincts and best re­ ern states, the 6 border states and the Dis­ crisis but for those of us whose political con­ sources in tackling it. trict of Columbia, and the 32 Northern and sciousness goes back no further than World I feel strange sounding so alarmed. At Western states, in terms of Blacks in major­ War II, the current period is unmatched for home, we have just remodeled the kitchen: many people have in their private lives things ity white schools, and Blacks in all-Black its aura of rudderlessness and uncertainty. Then, large and dark economic develop­ which pleasantly divert them. No "critical schools. ments have become, in the last year, much mass" of public anxiety has yet been formed. UNITED STATES more important to all of us and to our fu­ But I think the grounds for it are there. ture than the political events in which most [In percent) political leaderships routinely deal. This ls profoundly disorienting. Border To avoid nuclear war, to build political de­ THANK YOU, RUTH BELDON and tente with Moscow and to ease third-area District of trouble spots like the Mideast remain vital South Columbia North West projects. But even if they are done, re­ HON. RONALD A. SARASIN . source pressures and "double-digit" inflation OF CONNECTICUT ride over political achievements and turn Blacks in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES majority people relentlessly inward upon their own white schools: personal privations. Wednesday, May 22, 1974 1968-69_ --- - 23. 4 18. 4 28. 4 27. 6 The International Institute for Strategic Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, it seems 1970-71_ ____ 33.1 40.3 28. 7 27. 6 Studies, an establishment outpost in London, 1972-73. - --- 36.3 46.3 31.8 28. 3 odd that from time to time a U.S. Con­ Blacks in all- has just pronounced the Arabs' use of the black schools: "oil weapon" last October as bestowing "the gressman should take to the floor to ~om­ 1968-69 _____ 39. 7 68. 0 25. 2 12.3 greatest shock, the most potent sense of a mend an act of simple decency and com­ 1970-71_ _--- 14. 0 14. 4 24. 1 11. 7 is I do­ 23. 6 new era, of any event in recent years." But no mon courtesy, but that what am 1972-73. ---- 11. 2 8. 7 10. 9 Western government is seriously preparing ing today. 16226 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 About a week ago, one of my staff as­ Mrs. Williams lived an exemplary life fering, she continued to work hard on legis­ sistants had her wallet lifted in a down­ of service to her family and community. lative tasks. She simply refused to let her lllness interfere with her duties as a public town restaurant. There are many people All who knew her mourned her passing official. in the city who know what a disturbing and will recall her many creative activ­ Her stubborn determination in the face of thing that can be, because there are ities for many years to come. a grave physical handicap enabled her to many people who have had the same accomplish more than many public officials thing happen to them. She lost keys, do when completely healthy. But in order credit cards, and the usual contents of a to do so, it often meant reading reports, wallet. BETTY ANN KEEGAN studying legislation or meeting with staff A few days later, she received a call aides while in a hospital bed. from Ms. Ruth Beldon, who found most What is even more remarkable, Betty Ann never complained about her tragic 1llness, of the contents of the wallet strewn in an HON. JOHN· B. ANDERSON nor did she seek sympathy from others. She alley and took the time to track down the OF ll.LINOIS kept her smile and sunny disposition, main­ rightful owner, after having telephoned tained a stiff upper lip and trusted God's the credit card companies. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wm. Not only that, she volunteered to re­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 I sincerely believe that I am a better per­ turn to the same spot later to see if some Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. son for having known Betty Ann Keegan. of the other things could be found. She Speaker, last month the people of the She was a woman of pioneer stock who dem­ did this, and recovered additional papers onstrated, with courage and bravery and Rockford, Ill. area which I represent, lost strength, why her ancestors on the frontier and medical prescriptions. Although the to cancer a remarkable woman, State were able to overcome the hardships and wallet and the money were not recovered, Senator Betty Ann Keegan. Ms. Keegan, challenge iand help settle this great land my assistant was relieved to have her a Democrat from a Republican area, was of ours. credit cards and other documents re­ serving her first term as a State senator, Her character and her admirable record turned. having previously served as a delegate to of public service over the years are the twin I off er my public thanks to this most the State's constitutional convention. legacies she leaves behind for all of us to thoughtful young woman, Ms. Beldon, Despite extreme pain in the last year of remember and cherish. and extend my hope that as citizens and her life, she fought on in the general as­ neighbors, all of us will seek to follow sembly for the issues in which she be­ SEN. KEEGAN: SOFT WORDS SHOWED HER her splendid example. lieved deeply, particularly the equal STRENGTH May 3, 1973. A soft, slow, Southern­ rights amendment. Senate Minority tempered day in the state Capitol. Almost Leader Cecil Partee observed that-- like summer, really. ANN SAUNDERS WILLIAMS It is a tribute to her strength and courage Had the patrician rules of the Senate al­ that, even when racked with pain and suffer­ lowed, gentlemen in the chamber might have ing, she continued to work hard on legislative shed their suit coats. Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke tasks, and moreover, she never complained The session began with a great musi­ OF CALIFORNIA about her tragic illness, nor did she seek sym­ cian's-a gre!llt patriot's-testimony to the pathy from others. She kept her smile and country he loved. When the Olivet Nazarene IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sunny disposition, maintained a stiff upper College choral group sang George M. Cohan's Wednesday, May 22, 1974 lip and trusted God's will. "Patriotic Fantasy," it brought a calm to the chamber which might not have otherwise Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ Mr. Speaker, I recently received a let­ found a place in the carpeted, paneled room er, I would like to call the attention of ter from a friend who had worked closely normally loud with the passions of politics. Congress to the recent passing of a dis­ with Senator Keegan in the general as­ The music and the mood set the legislative tinguished community citizen in Los An­ sembly. To quote from that letter: stage for one of the fine moments in a geles, Mrs. Ann Saunders Williams. woman's life; a woman now dead, but loved I al ways found her to be a very warm per­ no more than she was that day. Mrs. Williams was president of Public son, with tremendous capabilities as a legis­ Tha.t woman was Betty Ann Keegan-a Relations International, founded by her lator. It is, indeed, tragic that she didn't Democrat from Rockford elected from a tra­ husband Charles. Their concern handled have more time to complete the work she felt ditionally Republican district who was serv­ the public relations for a number of called upon to do. Nevertheless, in her short ing her first term. tenure as a State Senator and as a Delegate She died Tuesday at the age of 54. She had leading organizations and companies, in­ to the Constitutional Convention, she made cluding the Samuel GoldWYn Studios, spent her last year in the kind of pain that many contributions, which wm endure for comes from cancer-pain which would have 1Atlantic Richfield Corp., Yellow Cab, years to come. Western Union, and Kraft Foods. made many people quit. But she didn't, and Mr. Speaker, I am sure that all the peo­ that day in May, after the music was done, As a matter of fact, Atlantic Richfield ple of 34th District are saddened by the one of the very important issues in her life honored Mrs. Williams in 1973 with its death of Senator Betty Ann Keegan and was introduced on the fioor of the Senate. first "Wonderful World of Women" And if the sincerity and simplicity of Cohan's will deeply miss her as their State sena­ music struck a patriotic chord, it was fol­ Award. She was given the Kappa Chap­ tor and friend. At this point in the REC­ ter Award "in recognition of (her) con­ lowed by an act which fulfilled the promise ORD, Mr. Speaker, I include the full text of the songwriter's words. tributions and interest in the welfare of the eulogy of State Senate Minority The fact that she failed to accomplish her of the sorority and her community." Leader Partee, and a remembrance from legislative goal that day never detracted from Numerous contributions were made by the Chicago Tribune by Rick Soll: the spirit and resolve she demonstrated until la.st Tuesday, both in the Senate and in her her to scholarship funds and other STATEMENT BY SENATOR PARTEE ON THE DEATH worthwhile community projects in be­ hospital bed. OF SENATOR KEEGAN The matter before the Senate that day half of her clients. The State of Illinois and the citizens of was the Equal Rights Amendment. It had Mrs. Williams came to Los Angeles the 34th District have lost a fine public been deadlocked for quite some time in the from Canada and was educated at UCLA servant. My sympathies and prayers are with executive committee. A motion was made and Southwestern Law School. For a the family of Betty Ann Keegan. May God to discharge it from the committee so that comfort them and give them strength in this the full Senate could decide its outcome. number of years she was successfully as­ time of need. sociated with exclusive Beverly Hills Many arguments were made, pro and con. Besides tirelessly and conscientiously look­ If the bill was not wrested from committee, couturiers as a custom design consultant. ing after the needs of her constituents in it would die there for the next year, so the She held membership in the National the Rockford area, Betty Ann viewed her sanctity of the committee system itself ab­ Association of Business and Professional role in the General Assembly as something sorbed a great deal of the debate. Women's Clubs, the National Council of more than just a local legislative broker. She It was in the heat of the debate that Sen. Negro Women, and the Eta Phi Beta considered herself a representative of all the Keegan was recognized, and when she had Sorority. people of Illinois. Hers was not a provincial finished her short speech, the eloquence and outlook; rather, she consistently based her truth of her words mirrored the brawn and Mrs. Williams was survived by her hus­ actions upon what she thought best for the guts of the old songwriter. band, and two sisters, and brothers, Mrs. entire state. She said: "This body ought to stand up Nola Mae Smith, Mrs. Nadine Smalley, It is a tribute to her strength and courage and vote yes or no. This subject far overrides and Frank and Jake Saunders. that, even when racked with pain and suf- the limits of one committee. I encourage May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16227 all of you to have the gumption and manli­ Although scientists do not expect to find mob111ze the best minds in this nation and ness to bring this to the fioor." a single cure for more than 100 forms of in the world t.o prolong life, to ease su1fer­ The Senators on both sides of the issue cancer, they are exploring every promising ing, and to bring new hope to cancer vic­ remained silent for the longest of moments, approach in cancer research, prevention, di­ tims. for what she had said was the real truth of agonosis, and treatment. The fight against the matter. What she had said transcended cancer has accelerated rapidly in recent politics and referred to the basic courage of years. In 1971, the National Cancer Institute «'HROW THE BOOK AT n..LEGAL men and women to face an issue. appropriations were approximately $235 mil­ OIL PROFITEERS Those words brought the debate to a lion. In 1975 they wlll be about $600 million, close and the issue back to where it be­ and the federal government wlll pay more longed-to a vote. The measure needed 30 than 60 % of the total cost of cancer re­ "yes" votes to pass, and failed, 28 to 19. search. In addition, basic research sponsored by the federal government in the full scope HON. CHARLES THONE After the Senate session, she told a re­ of the bio-medical sciences ls increasing be­ OF NEBRASKA porter that one setback doesn't mean failure. cause clues to advances in cancer may come IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES "Everyone must stand up and be counted, from research in related fields. Deeply en­ she said. "This bill ls not only for women. gaged in the anti-cancer effort are educa­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 This ls the kind of thing that makes better tional and non-profit institutions, and the partners of both sexes." Mr. THONE. Mr. Speaker, my weekly international scientific community (over 19 letter to news media for the week of "Running away from an issue never solves foreign countrJca are supported in cancer anything. And it is not losing or winning research by the NCI) , including dally com­ May 6-11, expressed my disgust with that is most important, but whether you munications by Telex llne between American those who illegally profited from last have the courage to be heard and keep fight­ and Soviet cancer scientists. These accelerat­ winter's oil crisis. I declared that the ing." ing efforts have produced several noteworthy Federal Government ought to try to It was one of the days in her life for which accomplishments: "throw the book" at such violators. she ought to be remembered. It was a day TREATMENT Many Nebraska farmers have called a strong woman asked the best from every­ and written me suggesting that I share one. Treatment methods now effectively use combinations of surgery, radiation and drug with other Members of the House of Betty Ann Keegan never rested in her fight therapy. As a result, half of those children Representatives my feelings on this mat­ to secure legislated rights for women. During with acute lymphocytic leukemia, a cancer ter. Those engaged in agriculture have a year of insufferable pain she continued to of the blood, are allve five years after diag­ really been hard hit by the energy situa­ struggle for the bill she felt would insure nosis. Twenty years ago this disease had not only the dignity of women but also the tion. Most fertilizer is produced with nat­ caused death in a few months in each case ural gas; and many farmers have been dignity of men. Radiotherapy for the early stages of Hodg~ When she died, her family, understanding kin's disease, a cancer of the circulatory unable to obtain needed fertilizer at any her feeling about ERA, asked that she be system, produces a five-year survival rate of price. Propane for irrigation and crop­ remembered not by fiowers but by a vote more than 90%. Only five years ago it was drying has risen 350 percent in price in for the b111. 68 %. There are indications that breast can­ a year. Farmers are investing heavily to Which is a request for life, not death. cer may yield to combination treatment, and plant crops with no assurance that ade­ adrlamycin, an experimental drug, shows quate fuel will be available at harvest promise against several deva.staiting kinds of time. cancer. In 1972-73, the NCI screened over The text of my newsletter follows: 78,000 chemicals for effectiveness against THE FIGHT AGAINST CANCER cancer. THROW THE BOOK AT ILLEGAL OIL PROFITEERS DETECTION The federal government should "throw Progress has been made in the early detec­ the book" at any and all who lllegally prof­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON tion of cancer. X-ray examination and mass ited from the past winter's oil crisis. screening for breast cancer resulted in a OF INDIANA Now under investigation are transactions one-third reduction in the death rate over a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which may have resulted in more than 100 five-year period, and periodic examination million dollars of lllegal profits in gaso­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 for colon/rectal cancer is extremely valuable line, home heating oil, diesel fuel and pro­ in detecting pre-cancerous conditions. Scien­ pane. John C. Sawhlll, who has been nomi­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under tists are using immunologic techniques to nated to be the new administrator of the leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ detect cancer-related chemicals, or "markers" Federal Energy Oftlce, revealed this in testi­ ORD, I include my Washington Report en­ in the blood or urine of persons with can­ mony before the House Government Opera­ titled "The Fight Against Cancer": cer. tions Committee, of which I am a member. THE FIGHT AGAINST CANCER PREVENTION Under the law, violators must roll back Progress in understanding the causes of their prices, refund overcharges to custom­ In these days when government is under ers and may be liable to a $2,500 fine for each attack from many quarters for not dealing cancer may lead to its prevention. A stepped­ up program to identify cancer-causing chem­ day they violated legal price ceiUngs. Testi­ effectively with the problems confronting it, mony before our committee told of viola­ it is timely to note an excellent example of icals in the environment is underway. Ap­ proximately 445 chemicals are now being tions that seemed clearly intended to break the executive and legislative branches of gov­ or circumvent the law. Prosecutors should ernment working together to achieve new tested. Although about 110 of the nearly 1,000 known viruses produce cancer in many make a concerted effort to exact maximum hope and better health for millions of Ameri­ penalties against those who thus fiouted this cans. The Administration and the Congress species of animals, there is no definitive de.ta to prove that viruses cause cancer in hu­ law. have both been deeply committed to an ex­ One of the vicious games that was played panded attack on cancer. Recently the House man beings. However, scientists are accumu­ lating evidence for some type of association resulted from the fact that some oil regula­ of Representatives, with only one dissenting tions allowed a markup for each company vote, authorized a new extension of the Na­ of several viruses with certain types of can­ cer. through which petroleum passed. The en­ tional Cancer Act. ergy oftlce has already found about 10¥2 mil­ Cancer, the second leading cause of death, Totally new approaches to cancer control lion dollars in lllegal markups that involved will attack one in four Americans now liv­ and prevention a.re emerging. Artificial genes transferring ownership of oll without mov­ ing. In 1974, it will strike more than 655,000 may be used to learn how cancer starts ing the product or transferring ownership of them, and cause about 355,000 deaths. Be­ and can be stopped; and enzymes may be using bogus corporations. yond the incalculable toll in suffering, cancer identified that appear only in cancer cells, When the Arabian boycott was placed on produces an economic loss in the U.S. esti­ and blocking them would k111 the cancer cells shipping any oil to America last fall, we had mated at more than $15 billion annually. while leaving the normal cells unharmed. a genuine crisis on our hands. We must Even though the incidence of new cases of FACILITIES make sure that the big oll companies didn't cancer continues to increase, the outlook for To deliver research results to the people, profit 1llegally while the rest of us were sac­ the control of cancer ls steadily improving. twelve Comprehensive Cancer Centers are rificing. For the long pull, we must learn to One out of every three cancer victims expects already in operation, and six more will be conserve energy and find new sources for it. to be alive five years after treatment. One added by July 1. They assist a network of But again, we must all work together. We and one-half m1llion Americans who have other institutions to provide the best pos­ must keep fair prices and not allow any t.o had cancer are now well, and 218,000 of them sible anti-cancer programs. profit unfairly. will be saved from cancer this year. Overall, The control of cancer is an elusive and • • • • the probability of achieving a five-year cure difficult goal, but each of us can take heart Twice in the past few months I have voted is about 40 % . that the federal government is helping to to impose an excess profits tax on the big CXX--1023-Part 12 16228 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 oil companies. I also voted in favor of rolling not solve our problems but only get ourselves NATIONAL DISTRICT back petroleum prices. These were tough de­ into a bigger mess. ATTORNEYS ASSOCIATION, cisions for me. But it must be kept in mind Chicago, Ill., May 15, 1974. we're dealing with a near monopoly in an es­ Hon. RICHARD M. NIXON, sential commodity in a time of crisis. It is JUDGES AND LAWYERS ASK SUP­ President of the United States of America. obvious that we can't encourage production PORT FOR JUVENILE PROGRAMS W ashfngton, D .c. of more energy unless the companies thi)t DEAR PRESIDENT NIXON: The enclosed Reso­ produce it can make enough profit to en­ lution refiects the feelings of all 700 persons · courage new investment. On the other hand, HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL who recently attended our National Con­ big oil companies h ave in some instances OF NEW YORK ference on Juvenile Justice in New Orleans, taken advantage of the American public in Louisiana. It is interesting to note that the pa.st year. They also have been most un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this conference included representatives cooperative with the government, in some Wednesday, May 22, 1974 from all disciples of the Juvenile Justice cases, in providing solid evidence of just what spectrum; Judges, Prosecutors, Investigators, their proven oil reserves are. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ Social Workers and Counselors to mention One area where rollbacks are certainly tional Council of Juvenile Court Judges but a.few. needed are in propane prices. Early in 1973, and the National District Attorneys As­ It is the feeling of those attendees, as well there was some propane shortage. Therefore, sociation recently sponsored the First as the undersigned, that the Juvenile Justice federal energy officials allowed a dispropor­ National Conference on Juvenile Justice. System has been the "stepchild" of the tionate share of the total cost of refi ning Criminal Justice System for too long a Representatives of all phases of the juve­ period of time. Therefore, I transmit this crude oil to be charged off to that petroleum nile justice process-judges, prosecutors, converted to propane. Due to this and a rel­ Resolution to you with the hope that you atively mild winter, the propane supply is investigators, social workers, and coun­ can lend to the intention of the Resolution selors-attended the conference. They the facmttes of your office to expedite the adequate now. The prices are outrageous, purposes set forth therein. however. urge that the juvenile court be accorded the support and status befitting an insti­ Respectfully yours, While other petroleum prices in some cases JOHN J. O'HARA, went up as little as 15 percent, propane tution so crucial to crime prevention. President. prices rose as much as 350 percent. This is The resolutions passed by the conference ridiculous. The federal Energy Office has deserves our attention and considera­ acted to provide some relief on propane, but tion: not enough. I support legislation that would JUDGES AND LA WYERS ASK SU'?PORT FOR rollback propane prices to the level of May JUVENILE PROGRAM VERSAILLES FIREMEN HONOR 15, 1973. SAM CLAY The public wm lbe better served, I believe, The National Council of Juvenile Court if Congress adopts the oil reform measures Judges and the National District Attorneys that have been adopted by the House Ways Association, united in an effort to coordinate and Means Committee. The tax-writing com­ all juvenile justice disciplines into a juvenile HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS mittee proposes to phase out the oil deple­ justice system, co-sponsored The First Na­ tion allowance that has allowed oil com­ tional Conference on Juvenile Justice. San OF PENNSYLVANIA panies tax advantages for petroleum explora­ Francisco, California, Oct ober 7- 11, 1973. New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Orleans, Louisiana, January 27-31, 1974. tion they have done in the pa.st. Ways and Wednesday, May 22, 1974 Means also proposes a new windfall profits All parties, at the latter Conference, being tax on the big oil companies. They would in accord, the following was unanimously Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, Versailles be able t o escape part of this tax by invest ­ voted, adopted and resolved: Volunteer Fire Company No. 1 has sin­ ing money in new oil exploration and pro­ RESOLUTION gled out for well-deserved public recog­ duction. Another change badly needed Whereas, the Juvenile Court was created nition a charter member of the organi­ would alter the present situation that makes more than seventy years ago to rescue chil­ zation who has served his community it more attractive as far as taxes are con­ dren from the criminal process and provide cerned for the oil companies to invest abroad individualized treatment which will result faithfully for 60 years. instead of at home. in rehabilitation and correction of misbeha­ Mr. Samuel Clay was only 18 years of We must also make certain that the big vior but those hopes are as yet unrealized age when he joined the Versailles vol­ oil companies don't use the energy situation largely because of the failure to provide ade­ unteers and he has seen its transition to freeze out competition. FEO Chief Saw­ quate resources and services to the Juvenile from a "bucket brigade" to one of the hill and I agree that the big oil companies Court, and finest equipped firefighting units in have been taking over too many retail out­ Whereas, at lea.st fifty percent of all crimi­ southwestern Pennsylvania. lets. We must make certain that the bulk nal activity is attributed to juveniles and During his membership in the com­ of the service station business remains in much of the remainder of criminal conduct the hands of the independent operators. As is committed by adults who once were the pany, Sam Clay held every elected and part of his authority under the energy law, subjects of the juvenile process, and appointed office, ranging from trustee to Sawhill has refused to allow oil companies Whereas, the greatest opportunity for fire chief to president. Prior to the mod­ to raise rents at this time for their lessees. crime prevention and rehab111tatlon of of­ em centralized radio communications During the last several years, I have been fenders is to treat the offender at the earliest and tone-activated alarms of today, the working on a variety of measures to improve age. Clay household was the main post for the long-range energy situation. For ex­ Now, therefore, be it resolved, by the Na­ alerting the borough volunteers to fires ample, I introduced a bill to end the tax ad­ tional Council of Juvenile Court Judges, the National District Attorneys Association, and and other emergencies. The telephone in vantages that exist when new raw materials the Clay home was the link between the are used in manufacturing over recycled the persons attending the First National materials. I hope the Ways and Means Com­ Conference on Juvenile Justice--743 register­ situation and the solution. Upon first mittee will adopt this proposal soon. ed-at New Orleans January 27-31, 1974: ring, member of the Clay family would I also helped wrjte the legislation now in 1. That the Juvenile Court be given the answer then run to activate the fire si­ House-Senate conference committee to con­ status its responsib111ty requires in order to ren nearby and relay the vital informa­ solidate all energy research into one agency. elevate the Court from the second rate or tion to volunteers racing to the fire hall. instead of the eleven now duplicating each step-child category to which it is assigned Every member of the family took their other. in some jurisdictions. turn at helping to provide protection for Most of all, I am thankful that in the 2. That the Juvenile Court be furnished adequate support and services to provide the citizens of Versailles. In Mr. Clay's height of the energy crisis, I consistently op­ absence, the responsibility of sounding posed gasoline rationing. Many leaders of the effective programs for treatment of juvenile House and Senate were clamoring for ration­ offenders. the alarm fell upon his wife or children, ing beginning In November 1973. If rationing 3. That the Federal Government give a regardless of the time of day or night. would have been adopted, I'm convinced we higher priority to the funding of juvenile Later, Mr. Clay's two sons, William and programs. Raymond, became active members of t:Q.e would h ave a severe gasoline shortage right Be it further resolved, that a copy of this now and from now on. It is obvious that we Resolution be furnished to: The President fire company. They now are "life mem­ must put some restrictions on to protect the of the United States, The Members of the berf'" of the organization, each having public in the critical energy situation. Congress, The Governor of the several states, more than 20 years service. Also, Mr. We must, however, solve our problems The Presiding Officer of each House of each Clay's late wife and his daughter, Mar­ through our competitive enterprise system. If State Legislature, and The Chief Justice o:t garet, were active in the fire company's we get the government too involved, we will each State and Possession. ladies auxiliary. May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16229 At the testimonial honoring Sam Clay, graduated from Mason Hall High School and Supreme Court ruled in its landmark the officers and members of the Versail­ both were named valedictorians of their sen­ decision, Brown against Board of Edu­ ior class in their respective graduating years. les Volunteer Fire Company declared it They were married in 1953. They now have cation, that "separate but equal" public would be impossible to put a value on three children, Tommy 16, Timmy 14, and education was unconstitutional. This de­ the thousands of hours this gentleman Traicy 7. The boys naturally join dad in the cision has had far-reaching social im­ has devoted to serving and protecting operation of their !arm programs. pact. Its implications are still being the lives and property of friends and Both Mr. and Mrs. Griggs grew up on a studied, questioned, validated and dis­ neighbors. farm and both were well f'amil:iar with !arm­ cussed. But it has also had significant Mr. Speaker, I deem it a great .Privi­ ing and the duties and responsibllities. effect on the lives of many individuals. lege to join in the public tribute t'b Mr. They now have some 666 acres which is The following remarks by William B. devoted mainly to row crops and the feeding Samuel Clay and to bring his accomp­ of hogs. 233 of these acres are owned and Gould, a professor of law at Stanford lishments to the attention of my col­ the remaining 433 a.re leased. Law School, delivered at a meeting with leagues in the Congress of the United The Griggs began their "FmHA" operation Chief Justice Earl Warren describe the States. when they applied for a loan in 1963. This influence of Brown against' Board of Ed­ was approved in 1965 with a farm ownership ucation upon his life. I believe that my loan. They have since applied to FmHA for colleagues will find his views and FHA STATE FARM FAMILY OF THE two other loans. One in 1965, and the other thoughts a significant reflection on the YEAR in 1972 which was a rural housing loan and meaning of equality. the one which gave them their beautiful home. The remarks follow: HON. ED JONES But farming is only one part o! their REMARKS BY WILLIAM B. GoULD, PROFESSOR OF STANFORD ScHOOL OF TENNESSEE very active lives, as stated before. LAW, LAW IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES They are members of the Bethpage Bap­ Twenty years ago this May, the Supreme tist Church and where Mr. Griggs is a deacon Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education Wednesday, May 22, 1974 and Sunday School teacher. The two older that separate but equal was unconstitutional boys are also presldents of their Sunday in public education. This pronouncement Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, School classes. was heard round the world-and it was the one of Tennessee's truly outstanding Mrs. Griggs is the church pianist and a first definitive answer provided by our gov­ farm families has recently been named Sunday School teacher. ernment to what the world knew to be the Farmers Home Administration Family of Mr. Griggs is a member of the Kenton shame of this country, i.e., the caste system the Year for Tennessee. The Billy Griggs Lions Club and both are active PTA mem­ which imposed the badge of inferiority upon family of Kenton, Tenn. has been active bers. He is also an ASCS County. Committee­ Ne,groes throughout the United States. man, a Farm Bureau Member and serves on I recall vividly May 17, 1954 and the re­ in farming, church, and civic work in the SCS Advisory board. ports of it contained in the following day's their community for many years. It She is a farm bureau vice-chairman, and edition of The New York Times. I was seven­ came as no surprise to me when I learned has been a delegate to the State Farm Bu­ teen years old then, a high school senior in that the Griggs family had received the reau and National Farm Bureau Conventions. a small New Jersey town. At that time I had FHA award. She is also vice-president of the Tilghman little knowledge about plaintiff's petition for The Humboldt, Tenn., Courier-Chron­ Home Demonstration Club. writ of prohibition lodged with the Supreme icle recently featured a story on the In 1965, Mrs. Griggs was chosen the Home Court in 1896 against segregation in public Griggs family which I commend to every­ Demonstration Club Woman o! the Year. transportation in which petition he "averred And, the children.... yes they are active that he was seven eights Caucasion and one one who has known and appreciated too. Tommy, an 11th grader, is a member of eighth African blood; that the mixture o! their work over the years. It is my priv­ the Beta Club, FFA, treasurer of the school colored blood was not discernible in him, ilege to include the text of the article at class and just last week, received his State and that he was entitled to every right, privi­ this time: Farmers Degree from FFA in Knoxville. lege, and immunity secured to citizens ot GRIGGS FAMILY OF KENTON NAMED FHA STATE Timmy is vice-president of the school the United States of the white race; and that FARM FAMILY OF YEAR band, and serves as Den Chief of the Boy upon such theory he took possession of a The Billy Griggs Family of Kenton, Ten­ Scouts. Tracy is in the second grade, and vacant seat in a coach" reserved to whites. nessee, on the Gibson County side, has been lives for the day he can be like hi3 two big Although I did not know much about brothers, and can take an active part in the Plessy v. Ferguson in 1954 I knew full wen named Farmers Home Administration Fam­ the low esteem in which black people were ily of the Year for Tennessee for this year. farming operation. The award was presented to the Griggs So, quite a family and Mr. Griggs sums up held by most white citizens of this country­ Thursday at a luncheon and awards banquet the success of their family unit this way. a point made dramatically by President held in Nashville. Previously, the Griggs had "It is a total family operation. It takes all John F. Kennedy in 1963 when he said: "Who been named District winners. of us together to make a complete opera­ among us would be content to have the The Griggs family is the third family hon­ tion." And, while Mr. Griggs is the mainstay color of his skin changed and stand in his ored in the "FmHA's" State Farm Family of the farming operation, still Mrs. Griggs is [the Negro's] place." I knew from personal of the Year program. The award was estab­ right in there. "I can do most all of it if experience the truth of what the first Mr. lished in 1971 for the purpose of honoring it became necessary." She does keep the Justice Harlan had said in eloquent dissent families who have demonstrated outstanding books. in Plessy, i.e., that segregation was simply progress as farmers and rural citizens. Farm­ "A lot of hard work and determination formalization of the master race theory. And ing methods, financial progress, family living, has brought us to this point," said Mr. Griggs. I was also well acquainted with the deb1ll­ property improvement, community leader­ Farming has turned around the last few tating impact of such attitudes upon the ship, and overcoming adversities are some of years. People used to look down on farmers, willingness of the oppressed to identify with the criteria used in making the selection. but people seem to look up to farmers now," one another so as to effectively stand up This year's winner was selected from among he added. against the oppressor. In this connection it 6 families who earlier had won district t'itles David Farness, Assistant Manager of the is to be recalled that the plaintiff in Plessy v. throughout the state. The Griggs' will now Gibson County FmHA office stated "The over­ Ferguson predicated part of his prayer for enter in competition wilith the winners from all family activities, and accomplishments the relief upon the ground that African blood other state·s for selection of the national of their farm operation has made them a in his veins was "not discernible". success. They exemplify what a farm family I am extremely proud to be on the same "FmHA" Farm Family of the Year. should be, and FmHA's choice is a perfect podium with you, Mr. Chief Justice. For there The main speaker at the luncheon was one. We congratulate the Griggs family." is nothing which was more important in my Mr. Lucius Dickerson, Assis'tant Administra­ decision to become a lawyer than that event tor for the Farmers Programs of FHA, The Sta.te Director of FHA, Mr. Paul Koger, pre­ of May 17, 1954--your opinion in Brown v. Board of Education. That decision gave me sided over the meeting. The luncheon was at­ BROWN AGAINST BOARD OF and other blacks the hope and belief that tended by other agency directors including EDUCATION the law could address itself to racial injus­ state, local, and federal officials. The Griggs are a picture of an All-Ameri­ tices in this country and that I as a law­ can family. Their modern brick home lies HON. DON EDWARDS yer could make some contribution to end west of Kenton. Both Mr. and Mrs. Griggs are the old order against which my parents had active in their church work, their civic life, OF CALIFORNIA struggled. In their day the struggle was and both dedicated to the everyday tasks of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against hopeless odds-hopeless because all making a living for themselves and their Wednesday, May 22, 1974 who possessed African blood were Isolated, family. ridiculed, despised-and thus regarded as un­ They were both born and raised near Mason Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. fit for occupations and work that the white Hall. She was the former Wilma Jo Hall. Both Speaker, 20 years ago this month, the man was willing to perform. 16230 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 Brown changed that. Regardless of the back from the new era of morality ushered a full-time fireman, in the employ of a Fed­ contemporary debate about issues like com­ in by that decision. eral, State, or local government or govern­ munity control, self determination, and in­ For that reason alone, I and all who believe mental entity." tegration, Brown was important to all black in equality of the races, pay tribute to you (b) The table of sections for such part III people because it gave us hope that we would and the Brown decision today. For me, Mr. is amended by striking out the last item have our day in court-both literally and Chief Justice, and people of all colors and inserting in lieu thereof the following: figuratively. Brown turned us as a nation throughout the world, you are a man for the "Sec. 123. Pensions pa.id to retired police­ away from the path of South Africa and ages. You have given us the hope that we men or firemen or to their de­ made the principle of racial equality a re­ dared not have previously-the hope that pendents or survivors. spectable one amongst many educated peo• our children will become adults in an age "Sec. i24. Cross references to other Acts." ple. It encouraged civil rights advocates to of equality-an age in which fate denied our SEC. 2. Section 72 (p) of the Internal Rev­ protest through the courts and elsewhere parents the right to live. enue Code of 1954 (cross reference relating and to fight back against injustice in all to annuities) is amended- forms. It prompted Congress to move on its (1) by striking out "REFERENCE.-" and in­ own initiative and to pass, amongst other serting in lieu thereof "REFERENCES.-", and important statutes, comprehensive fair em­ (2) by adding at the end thereof the fol­ ployment practices legislation such as Title GILMAN SEEKS INCOME TAX EX­ lowing: VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964. EMPTION FOR POLICE AND FmE "For exclusion of pensions, annuities, and It was May 17, 1954 that set the stage for PENSIONS other benefits paid to retired policemen or these developments and others, and it is that firemen or to their dependents or survivors decision and the difficult experience with the see section 123." implementation of its principles-which had HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN SEc. 3. The amendments made by this Act been a teacher to the courts charged with OF NEW YORK shall apply only with respect to taxable the interpretation of Title VII. This is so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years ending after the date of the enact­ because Brown and its judicial progeny ment of this Act. taught us that the past of racial inequality Wednesday, May 22, 1974 1s inseparable from judicial consideration of Mr. GILMAN, Mr. Speaker, on May 21 the present-and that the affirmative dis­ I introduced H.R. 14937, which provides mantling of segregated institutions is a pre­ for an exemption from the Federal in­ OBSTACLES TO INTERAGENCY requisite to equal opportunity. And so it ls COORDINATION in employment cases-where in the past dec­ come tax on income from pensions paid ade independent federal judges appointed for to retired police or fire officers, their de­ life have struck down segregated seniority pendents or survivors. HON. RICHARDT. HANNA lines and discriminatory no transfer policies This measure recognizes that society OF CALIFORNIA which held blacks down in less desirable and can never fully repay the great debt we low level Jobs. These same judges have laid owe the courageous, selfless public serv­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES siege to hiring preference for the sons of ants who protect our lives and property. Wednesday, May 22, 1974 white workers and their friends and relatives where the effect of such preference is to per­ All too often, these men perform their Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I would like petuate an all white work force or job clas­ duties at risk of their lives. Many do not to bring to the attention of my col­ sification. live to retirement. Their sacrifice and leagues the following excerpt which sup­ Brown also opened the way for the very dedication deserve appropriate recogni­ ports the need for interagency coordi­ important decision of the Supreme Court tion. nation in U.S. international science of March 1971, Griggs v. Duke Power, where Tragically, the grieving survivors of policy as indicated in H.R. 14242, the In­ the Court, unanimous as it was in 1954, these men often face severe financial ternational Science and Technology held that discrimination can be found even hardships in being limited to the income Transfer Act of 1974. This excerpt was when there is no intent to discriminate. The of firemen or police officer's pensions. taken from "U.S. Scientists Abroad: An Court was able to arrive at this conclusion The spiraling cost of living has made it in Griggs in part because its involvement Examination of Major Programs for with the issues in Brown and in other civil extremely difficult to make ends meet on Nongovernmental Scientific Exchange," rights areas had made it clear that blacks the limited income available from such prepared by the Science Policy Research as a group were not receiving educational pensions. Division, Congressional Research Serv­ benefits in our country equal to those I urge my colleagues to join with me ice, Library of Congress, for the House obtained by whites. From here it was a in supporting this legislation as an ex­ Committee on Foreign Affairs: short step to conclude that employment pression of our gratitude and apprecia­ practices such as written examination, ed­ tion for the difficult task being courage­ OBSTACLES TO lNTERAGENCY COORDINATION ucational qualifications and apprenticeship ously and diligently performed by our A number of factors mllitate against co­ programs which reflected societal inequities ordinated program planning. One of these is and which were not related and necessary to police and fire officers. that U.S. international science programs and the job that a black applicant sought, were Mr. Speaker, I ·insert the full text of policies have not been fully recognized as discriminatory under federal law. this blll in the RECORD: part ot either foreign policy or science pol­ And finally, the experience with Brown-­ H.R. 14937 thority and ls reported to different congres­ especially between 1954 and 1968-made it sional committees.48a A third ts that some bi­ A blll to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 491 clear that centuries of racism would not 1954 to provide that pensions paid to re­ icy. A second ls that whlle each program easily disappear and that delay therefore tired policemen or firemen or their depend­ has a number of overlapping purposes, each could no longer be tolerated. All of this ents, or to the widows or other survivors ls carried out under its own statutory a.u­ prompted the Court to say that segregation of deceased policemen or firemen, shall not lateral agreements provide for funding and must be eliminated both "here and now" be subject to the income tax program commitments which are rarely and "root and branch". The federal courts Be it enacted by the Senate and House of brought to the attention of Congress until in dealing with employment cases have Representatives of the United States of they are fait accompit.m learned well from this history-and have American in Congress assembled, That (a) A fourth consideration which must mini­ therefore not been content to merely slap part Ill of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the mize expectations of effective coordination is offenders on the wrist, but at a relatively Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to the unsuccessful history of actual attempts early stage of the development of the law, items specifically excluded from gross in­ to provide this function. Two agencies have have imposed goals and timetables for hiring come) is amended by redesigns.ting section responsib111ty in the past for coordinating, and promotion of blacks and other minori­ 123 or section 124 by inserting after section on a government-wide basis, international ties when there was no other way to remedy 122 the following new section: science policies and exchange pollcies. These discrimiation, slapped back pay awards upon "Sec. 123. Pensions paid to retired policemen are the International Committee of the Fed­ defendants and, most recently, awarded or firemen or to their depend­ eral Council for Science and Technology and millions of dollars of punitive damages ents or survivors. the Bureau ot International Scientific and against those W'ho :flagrantly violate the "Gross income does not include any Technological Affairs, Department of State. law. amount received as a pension, annuity, or FOOTNOTES 92 Mr. Chief Justice, I am pleased that you similar benefit to the extent that such pen­ ' Most U.S. Scientific exchange programs could be with us today to commemorate this sion, annuity, or benefit ls based on service proliferated in response to specific opportuni­ historic decision. Brown was and is the first which was performed (by an individual who ties presented by either diplomacy or sci­ step in our journey of a thousand miles. is retired or deceased) as a full-time police­ ence. Only a few were established under ex­ I do not believe that there can be a turning man or other law enforcement officer, or as plicit congressional mandate. The latter in- May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16231 elude, for instance, the international health 92-403, August 22, 1972, which required that lines, cheering the boys on-practicing the activities of the National Institutes of Health, the Secretary of State transmit to both the supportive role they could expect to play as authorized by the International Health Act of Senate Foreign Relations Committee and women. 1960 (Public Law 86-610); and the exchange the House Foreign Affairs Committee copies The sports sex revolution now has the programs of NASA and AEC sanctioned by of all international agreements, other than power of law behind it. Currently on the formal intergovernmental agreements, some treaties, entered into by the United States. books and being readied for implementation with congressionally mandated authorities. However, these agreements are to be trans­ are federal regulations that extend the ban The Fulbright-Hays program was established mitted after the fact within 60 days after on sex discrimination into the area of com­ under a mandate for advancement of cul­ their signing; thus, intensive congressional petitive sport. tural and educational cooperation; NSF and consideration is likely to occur only in the The new regulations could cause a dra­ NAS programs were fully established and most unusual circumstances involving severe matic overhauling of the big-time men's col­ functioning long before the Congress gave legislative-executive differences. Also, the lege sports system. At the very least they the Poundation an explicit authority to sheer number of such agreements militates will lead to a thorough reappraisal of men's support foreign and international science for against their in-depth consideration by the athletics. their own merits rather than primarily to Congress. See the extensive listing of such Beyond that, the awakening of the woman enhance the domestic science base. agreements in: U.S., Congress, Senate, Com­ athlete is part of a fundamental change in On the need for more explicit legislative mtttee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on woman's role in our culture. Nowhere does statement of international science policy Separation of Powers, Congressional Over­ the conflict between the new and the old goals, Herman Pollack, director, Bureau of sight of Executive Agreements: Hearings on attitudes toward women generate more International Scientific and Technological S 3475, 82nd Cong., 2nd sess., April and May sparks than on the playing field. Affairs, has "advocated a 'more adequate 1972, 668 pp. In countless studies and surveys advocates statement of national policy and legislative of improved sports programs for women and authority for international scientific ven­ girls have found that sex discrimination in tures.'" (U.S. Congress, House, Committee WOMEN'S ATHLETICS: NO SPORT­ athletics is ubiquitious and ingrained. on Science and Astronautics, Toward a Sci­ ING CHANCE Examples: ence Policy for the U.S.: Report, October 15, In Waco, Tex., the public schools operated 1970, p. 50, citing Pollack's testimony in a $250,000 athletic program for boys in seven hearings on National Science Policy.) sports but spent only $970 on girls' a.thlettcs. Dr. Edward E. David, Jr., as President HON. DONALD M. FRASER A study by Women's Equity Action League Nixon's science adviser, suggested " ... that OF MINNESOTA found that of $1 mill1on in athletic fac111ties we need an international science policy just IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and equipment only tennis balls could be as it has been suggested that we need a na­ used by girls on a regular basts. Waco schools tional science policy and that can only be Wednesday, May 22, 1974 therefore currently stand to lose up to $1 enunciated with the aid of the Congress. I! Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, in 1972, 12- mill1on in federal funds. such a policy were put forward strongly, I be­ year-old Maria Pepe, just dropped as A survey of 60 junior and senior high lieve it would have a major impact on the pitcher from a New Jersey Little League schools in the State of Washington found agencies of Government, in that they would not one where the physical education budget then see it as part of their mission. I think team, said: for girls was even 50 per cent of that for today, because of the way our programs are They don't do nothing for girls in Ho­ boys. structured or not structured, very often the boken, only boys. An investigation of athletics in the public mission agencies do not see their role in in­ This year they are doing even less for schools of Ann Arbor, Mich., found nearly ternational science cooperation as being on a girls in Hoboken-and boys, for that 10 times as much money has been spent on p•ar with their domestic mission." (A General boys' athletics as on girls'. Review of International Cooperation in Sci­ matter; the conflict over girls in Little At the University of Maryland, there is an ence and Space: Hearings, op. cit., p. 7.) League has scuttled teams throughout athletic budget of $2,015,000 that includes 4113 Herman Pollack in 1965 summed up the New Jersey. 100 football scholarships and nine in basket­ etfects of this fragmentation: During the same 2 years, controversy ball at a cost of $2,840 apiece. The budget " ... The budgets of the various departments over women in sports has delayed en­ for women's athletics this year ls $19,000, or and agencies that carry scientlflc and tech­ forcement of an amendment which bans approximately the cost of seven football nical programs are . . . built around the • • • sex discrimination in educational insti­ players for one year. domestic missions ... They are in the process A coalition of eight women's organizations of putting together an annual or a pro­ tutions. On one side are those who are found that in the publlc schools of Dallas, jected plan over several years . . . in terms rooting for the rights of women and girls accounted for only five per cent of the of priorities that are developed essentially girls; lined up against them: the Na­ more than 9,000 students between grades from their perspective of the domestic con­ tional Collegiate Athletic Association eight and 12 participating in inter scholastic siderations. . . . Each of these departments and the National Association of College sports. Dallas schoolgirls are effectively de­ ... is •.• concerned with its own responsi­ Athletic Directors-an impressive array nied use of nearly $10 mlllion worth of pub­ b111ties . . . It protects its own budget . . . of college athletic interests. Uc facil1ties such as stadiums and field and there is . . . a mutual diffidence a.bout Women in sports has quickly become houses, the group said ln a formal complaint. not getting into the other fellow's territory. These figures suggest one measure of how ... There a.re opportunities and ... re­ the most visible issue in the fight for the athletic establishment discriminates quirements . . . where it will be desirable women's rights, an issue so timely and against women. But women say their prob­ for the United States to pursue a scientlflc complex that the Washington Post has lems go beyond money to the attitude that relationship ... that is neither related, per published an excellent four part series it is somehow unfeminine for a female to se, . . . to the priorities that have been to cover it. We plan to submit all four demonstrate ab1Uty in sports. established ... for the pursuit of domestic over the next several weeks, and begin Thts and three subsequent articles will purposes or that do not fit the jurisdic­ today with the colorful background examine how the ferment 1n athletics has tional territories and boundaries that have the potential to recast the entire sports pic­ been established by the nature of the U.S. article: No SPORTING CHANCE ture in America today for men as well as Government organization ... Agencies don't women, from the sandlot to the college feel ... that they are authorized to spend (By Bart Barnes and Nancy Scannell) stadium. funds available to them for this kind of ac­ The biggest major sports battle of the The articles are based on scores of lnter­ tivity. [And) it hadn't been anticipated 1n past year was not on television. It did not views with athletes, coaches, athletic direc­ the development of their budgetary program. take place in a packed stadium before tors, representatives of national sports orga­ They have their own congressional commit­ a crowd of screaming fans. nizations, school and government ofllcia.ls, tees to deal with, their own constituencies It happened in hundreds of courtrooms, leaders in the women's movement and on in the United States to take into account. in the offices of principals and coaches, on research papers and court documents. • . . If it involves more than one agency, it Little League base ball diamonds and at They wlll discuss how implications of immediately gives rise to coordination and school board meetings. what's happening go beyond athletics, for division of responsib111ty, and when you get Women, in growing numbers, declared in many ways the sports revolution is a to three or four you have all the complica­ war on the tradition that American sport microcosm of the women's movement. tions and problems of committee manage­ is reserved for men only. ment. (Government and Science: Review of What is happening is a revolution that The movement already has surfaced at the the National Science Foundatton, Hearing: strikes to the core of American custom and elementary school level in protests that Vol. 1, 19?5, 89th Cong., 1st sess., 1965, pp. folkways. textbooks tend to stereotype girls as passive 469-470). Competitive sport has always been con­ creatures. Boys when they appear in the 4114 Legislative recognition of this problem sidered to be a way to develop boys into elementary texts are usually active and com­ was indicated in the passage of Public Law men. Girls have been left along the side- peting. Girls tend to be shown in fr111y 16232 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 dresses, smiling pleasantly and helping funding, a price few school systems or uni­ a down-the-middle division of everything mother around the house. versities could pay. including money and scholarships. In hundreds of conflicts from Maine to Proposed guidelines drafted by the Depart­ What the legislation is aimed at, she said, California, the concept of sports as one of the ment of Health, Education and Welfare took ls ellminating such instances as: last bastions of male supremacy ls under­ two years to write, primarily because of the "When a woman's track team organized going a sustatned attack. Women-and some sensitivity of the athletic section. They have a meet the year before, and the week before men-are demanding that their daughters been circulated unofficially throughout the the meet the men's track coach called and have an opportunity equal to that of their athletic establishment although the period said, "We need it (the track) for practices sons to share 1n the sports programs, facll1- for official comment for the record has not and you have to cancel" and they canceled. t1es and equipment of the nation's public yet begun. That plainly is wrong. schools. One of the more far-reaching and con­ "When a men's hockey team ls given ex­ Women have become jockeys, letter-win­ troversial sections provides that recipients of penses and transportation to go to Olympic ning football players, wrestlers and boxers federal aid such as institutions and school tryouts and the women wanted to go for tn the last .few years. But such accomplish­ systems: figure skating and they wouldn't let them go. ments stlll are exceptions to a generally rigid "Shall not discriminate therein on the Public funds were used to transport the men. rule. basis of sex in the selection of sports or When men are transported by airplanes and And often they are met with diehard re­ levels of competition, provision of equipment given a. big steak the night before the game sistance from the male athletic establish­ or supplies, scheduling of games and prac­ and the women are giving bake sales in order ment. tice times, travel and per diem allowance, to afford a bus to take them and their peanut The New Jersey Superior Court, in a de­ awarding of athletic scholarships, opportu­ butter sandwiches in brown bags ... when cision expected to have nationwide impact, nity to receive coaching and instruction, as­ locker rooms are available only to the men ruled this March that girls must be per­ signment of coaches and instructors, provi­ ... when swimming pools are available only mitted to play Little League baseball along sion of locker rooms, practice or competitive after 9 p.m. so the women go over then and with boys. fac111tles, provision of medical and training have to wear their wet suits home in the Philip DeMarco, a salesman from Middle­ fac111ties and services, publicity or other­ snow . . . and then they say that women town, N.J., and chairman of the Save the wise." aren't interested in sports. Well, you lose Little League of New Jersey Committee, said To Walter Byers, executive director of the your interest when you're freezing to death many leagues across the state will simply National Collegiate Athletic Association, the in your wet suit." close this year rather than admit girls. regulations are ominous indeed. They mean, Indeed, the women's issue extends even to "The Little League has been a viable or­ he says, the "possible doom of intercollegiate the question of athletic scholarships for ganization and a service, especially to boys sports. It has taken us 60 years to reach our women, an extremely controversial issue with in this state, and it's going right down the level of amateur sports in this country." important implications. Until a year ago, sewer," DeMarco said. "Our rights have been In plain English, Byers and sports direc­ the associates that govern intercollegiate taken away. I will not be part and parcel of tors around the country are afraid the gov­ sports competition for women barred all this type of operation." ernment will force them to spend more money women on athletic scholarships from com­ The New Jersey decision grew out of a rul­ on women's sports and so starve the already petition. ing last November by the State's Civil Rights hard-pressed men's programs. But last year the ban was lifted after 15 Commission that barred Little League from Only 10 per cent of the college athletic women tennis players on athletic scholar­ discriminating against girls while using pub­ departments in the United States are able ships at Florida's Broward Community Col­ lic parks and playgrounds. to finance their athletic budget with the in­ lege and Marymount College filed a lawsuit in "The institution of Little League is as come from revenues-producing sports. The federal court. American as the hot dog and apple pie," other 90 per cent must dip into public money. Still, the number of women getting a col­ hearing examiner Silvia Pressler said. "There At the University of Maryland, athletic di­ lege education through an athletic scholar­ is no reason why that part of Americana rector Jim Kehoe calls the proposed guide­ ship is only a fraction of the estimated should be withheld from girls." lines "unfair, unreasonable and impractical." 50,000 males, athletes on whom such schools Maria Pepe, a then 12-year-old pitcher in They fail, he says, to recognize the "cold, as Ohio State and Penn State depend to op­ Hoboken, started the battle two years ago. hard facts of life" in trying to run an athletic erate their multimillion-dollar sports pro­ She won a place on a team but was drop­ program off two moneymaking sports, foot­ grams. And it's those programs that may feel ped because Little League rules prohibit ball and basketball. the impact of the women's movement most girls. The National Organization of Women And editorial and sports writers in the na­ acutely. took up her case. tional media have joined in the outcry. "They don't do nothing for girls in Ho­ "After all what are we after, a race of boken, only boys," Maria said at the time. Amazons? Do you want to bring home a com­ PITTSBURGH'S NEWSPAPERS ARE Three years ago, two high school girls in panion or a broad that chews tobacco?" said BACK Connecticut went to court when they were Furman Bisher, sports editor of the Atlanta denied places on their school track and Journal in a column in the March 9 issue swimming teams. of The Sporting News. "What do you want In a 1971 decision, since reversed by a for the darling daughter, a boudoir or a lock­ HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS federal court, a state judge held: er room full of cussing and brUises? A moth­ OF PENNSYLVANIA "The present generation of our younger er for your grandchildren or a hysterectomy? male population has not become so decadent ... educated their men to handle situations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that boys will experience a thrill by defeating worse than this, then we deserve feminiza­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 girls in running contests whether the girls tion." be members of their own team or an ad­ In the Washington Post on April 21, sports Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, Pitts­ versary team. Athletic competition builds columnist William Barry Furlong also burgh's two great newspapers, the morn­ character in our boys. We do not need that launched a scathing attack on women ath­ ing Post-Gazette and the afternoon kind of character in our girls, the women letes: "The clean hard sexist fact is that Press, are back in circulation after a of tomorrow." there are at least three other things I'm 46-day strike shutdown which left a very The case was tied up in court for two going to examine about a woman-four, on important part of the Nation without years; finally, a year ago in January, the the chance she has a. brain-before I even adequate news coverage. Connecticut high school athletic associa­ begin to think about her golf swing." At other points in the column, Furlong refers to I join the people of the Pittsburgh tion amended its rules to let girls compete community in welcoming the papers with boys. woman athletes as "grotesquerles." But it ls at the college level, where vast HEW's Gwen Gregory, the lawyer in charge back. To say they were missed is a mon­ sums are set aside for recruiting, scholar­ of drafting the Title 9 guidelines, emphat­ umental understatement. TV and radio ships, public relations and expensive ath­ ically denies they are intended to destroy admittedly was unable to fill the void. letic equipment for men, that the tremors men's sports. The fine papers in neighboring cities are being felt most keenly. Some in the ath­ "From the school representatives I've such as the McKeesport, Pa., Daily News letic establishment are bracing for an earth­ talked to, I certainly think it wm have a could not keep full pace with the in­ quake. What's at stake is nothing less than substantial effect at most schools. I don't creased demands upon them. the continuation of old-time, big-time col­ think that change spells disaster, however." Our newspapers render a service which lege sports. A good deal of the reaction so far to Title we too often fail to appreciate while The regulations in Title 9 of the 1972 9, Gregory says, has been panicky and alarm­ Education Amendments are intended by ist, and some of it deliberately distorted. they are in regular publication. They Congress to bar sexual discrimination in a While the guidelines do require that women bring word of community activities. number of areas including athletics. The be given an equal opportunity to partici­ They publish obituaries. They tell of penalty for violation is the loss of federal pate in sports, she said, they do not require weddings. They keep us informed of the May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16233 life about us to the point where we more increased funding of these bilingual pro­ to reach out and involve the immigrant par­ meaningfully can play our part in it. grams as well as the need to have all ents in the education of their children. The question of cultural background ls I realize that some newspapers in our ethnic groups be able to fully participate important in assessing the younger child's country have been under attack on the in these important programs. school adjustment. At the HANAC office, grounds of bias in their news reports on During the course of the hearings, in­ there have been a number of cases where Government and for violations of the dividuals and organizations serving as concerned and sometimes outraged mothers rights of persons in public life who have spokesmen for various ethnic groups tes­ ca.me to us to complain that their children met their probing scorn. tified on the urgent need to increase have come home from school saying, "I wish But on balance, we are the most for­ funding for bilingual education. One of I did not have to be Greek." To us, such in­ these organizations was HANAC, the cidents are symptomatic of the fact that in tunate people in the world in having the cultural and educational patterns in our newspapers which are highly informa­ Hellenic-American Neighborhood Activi­ schools, there are elements which fail to pre­ tive as well as vigiliant in what they con­ ties Committee. serve the pride and dignity in each child's sider the public interest. More than this, HANAC is a New York City-wide orga­ feelings towards his own identity and ethnic we have in our papers the data which is nization created in November of 1972 in roots. so necessary to us-the information on response to the needs of the growing HANAC's studies repeatedly uncovered the our schools, our churches, our clubs, our Greek-American community in New fact that the Greek immigrant child was not local governments, our sports, and all the York City. It is funded by the city to a disciplinary problem in the sense· of being both study the needs and develop serv­ disruptive in the classroom. To the contrary, other ingredients which make up the the Greek child was described as being shy, compound of American society. ices to assist the Greek community. and often withdrawn. It has been suggested The people of Pittsburgh are well Mr. Speaker, at this point in the REC­ that this is a cultural reaction for the Greek aware of this now-after 46 days without ORD, I would like to insert HANAC's tes­ child in response to the frustrations he faces newspapers. Store sales were off. Enter­ timony at the bilingual hearings. Their in school. It ls potentially more damaging to tainment programs failed to draw as they analysis of the problems as well as their the child than acting-out would be, as it wouid have otherwise. Even the Pitts­ recommendations for improvements in both hampers his educational progress and burgh Pirates got off to a poor attend­ bilingual educational programs are at the same time does not focus on the fact that he has problems. It is HANAC's ance start this season at their new worthy of my colleagues' consideration. point of view that bi-lingual studies, plus Three Rivers Stadium and have slumped The key to success in this world con­ auxlliary programs for the child, would act very badly on the playing field. Perhaps tinues to be guided on a decent educa­ in a therapeutic manner to overcome the they have needed the attention of the tion, and a decent education is a funda­ psychological problems before they became sports writers. They are getting it now. mental right which all children regard­ too serious. I am interested, inasmuch as part of less of their nationality should be able to The recent Lau vs. Nichols Supreme Court Pittsburgh is in my district, at what the enjoy. decision points up the discriminatory nature TV and radio news people have said The testimony follows: of an educational system which does not provide a bi-lingual program for a non-Eng­ about their inability to fill the big news TESTIMONY OF HANAC lish-speaking minority. At this time in the gap while the papers went unpublished. In December 1973 HANAC completed its New York City public schools 96% of the They tried manfully to do their duty study on the needs and problems of the non-English-speaking Greek children are to the public. Some publicized lists of Greek-American community in New York being denied the full benefits of public edu­ obituaries. Suburban affairs got unprec­ City. A major part of the study focussed on cation. Based on HANAC's findings and eval­ edented attention. Efforts were made to bl-lingual education and English as a sec­ uation of present conditions it recommends explain new home rule charters which ond language. Briefly, the study documented urgently that immediate steps be taken to were on the primary election ballots of that there are approximately 350,000 Greeks correct the present state of affairs. Specific­ in New York City, along with a yearly Greek ally, HANAC recommends: Pittsburgh and Allegheny County. immigrant influx to the United States of 1. The establishment of the position of a "But we feel strongly that any time 40,000, most of whom eventually settle in New York City Coordinator of Greek bi­ there isn't a paper, it is a tragedy for New York. Among these Greeks it would be lingual education. The purpose would be to the community," said Bill Aber, KDKA­ a conservative estimate to say that 90% insure the beginning of a comprehensive TV news editor. "There are a lot of have a language problem. This not only ls a city-wide approach to meet the needs of the things we can't do, like running the clas­ handicap to the adults, but poses a critical Greek-speaking child. problem in the educational process of their 2. The· exploration of potential funding sified ads, obits, vital statistics and legal children and the difficulty which their advertising. And we cannot provide the sources on the federal, state and city levels. children experience in learning English and 3. The formation of organizations of pa.r­ indepth coverage the papers can. The maintaining a satisfactory academic level ents to become involved actively in the edu­ feeling is one of frustration." of achievement. Their needs have been cation of their children. Mr. Aber''> comment was echoed by largely ignored. 4. The institution of an intensive and ex­ others among Pittsburgh broadcasters. The Greek child's educational problem is tensive recruitment of Greek bi-lingual And I am certain, too, that he spoke for intensified when one takes into considera­ teachers. the people generally. The papers were tion that he or slie has already been ed u­ 5. The development of Greek bi-lingual ca.ted to some degree in an alphabet and educational materials. sorely missed. We are all glad they are phonetics different from those of the English back. Indeed, their first post shutdown An area of great concern ls that legal re­ language and the romance languages. Greek quirements may be acting to prevent needed editions seemed to send a new burst of children who master the new alphabet and programs from reaching a minority differen­ life through Pittsburgh, a feeling akin to its phonetics learn to read well, but have tiated by language. At present there is not that which comes with quick recovery difficulty comprehending what they read. one Title VII bi-lingual program for Greek from a depressive illness. This represents special cognitive problems, children in the entire nation. We respect­ which we hope to study further. An addi­ fully submit that more can be done in behalf tional problem facing the teaching of the of the Greek child who presently ls being immigrant Greek child is that the teacher educationally disadvantaged for lack of such ON THE NEED FOR BETTER BILIN­ is hani:Ucapped in his or her efforts by the programs. Rather than look backward, GUAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS lack of appropriate and sufficient educational HANAC would suggest that we begin to materials. The result is that makeshift ma­ formulate the means by which such pro­ terials are developed to fill the void. If in­ grams can be instituted in the schools. HON. MARIO BIAGGI telligent and significant bi-lingual programs In passing, it should not be overlooked OF NEW YORK are to be developed it is essential that the that there is a proportionate need for bi­ necessary books and other learning materials I~ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lingual education in the adult community ot be developed and made available to the Greek-American immigrants as well as Wednesday, May 22, 1974 teachers. among their children. A further need is to recruit Greek bl-lin­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, several It would seem to be incumbent upon the gual teachers who are fam111ar with the lan­ Office of Education, Dept. of Health, Edu­ weeks ago, the House General Subcom­ guage and culture of the Greek immigrant cation and Welfare to investigate the needs mittee on Education, of which I am a child. The bi-lingual teacher can o:ffer a expressed by the Community and then take member, held hearings in New York City sense of security to the child which comes appropriate action to fulfill those needs. on the subject of bilingual education. At from an understanding and acceptance of Between the HEW, the local Boards of Edu­ that time, I testified as to the need for his origins. Greater attempts must be ma.de cation and the Community, it should be- 16234 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 come apparent that it 1s possible to work a 40 per cent drop in spending on improve­ ternational Law at the University of Penn­ out a program conforming to the law and ments. sylvania, former US ambassador to Colombia satisfactory to the Greek-American Com­ Governor Wilson can stm demonstrate his and former Assistant Secretary of State for munity. good faith in seeking a law fair to tenants Inter-American Affairs in the US State De­ In other words, 1f there 1s a real need, it and owners by vetoing the measure now be­ partment, should be recognized as such. The Subcom­ fore him and putting rent control on the Dr. Kurt Madlener, specialist in Spanish mittee surely can revise existing legislation agenda of the special session he plans to call. and Latin-American penal law at the Max to implement these proposals. We at HANAC Planck Institute of International and Com­ put ourselves-our experience and energies­ parative Penal Law, Freiburg-im-Breisgau. at your disposal, with the fervent hope that West Germany. an early conclusion may be reached in order HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHILE The delegation met various Ministers. to develop better conditions of learning for judges, advocates, academic lawyers and the children of the Greek Community. others concerned with human rights, includ­ ing Cardinal Raul Silva Henriques. HON. DONALD M. FRASER In the attached preliminary report the OF MINNESOTA mission expresses the view that present ju­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dicial procedures and safeguards do not REGRESSIVE RENT MEASURE meet the minimum standards which Chile Wednesday, May 22, 1974 is bound to observe under Article 3 of the HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I would Geneva Conventions, 1949. In particular. like to insert in the RECORD the prelim­ they state that ill-treatment, sometimes OF NEW YORK amounting to severe torture is carried out IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inary report of the observer mission sent systematically by some of those responsible to Chile by the International Commis­ for interrogation. Wednesday, May 22, 1974 sion of Jurists. The mission visited Chile The procedures in political trials before Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, on May 16, from April 19 to 28. The members of the the M111tary Courts were found to be very the New York State Legislature passed a mission are listed below. summary with the role of the defense lawyer rent-regulation bill designed to satisfy The report contains the following con­ severely restricted. From the decisions of clusions: these Courts there is no appeal, even when the demands of a number of .conserva­ serious errors of law have occurred. tive Republican assemblymen. The bill First, ill-trea.tment, sometimes The mission obtained the impression that ignored many of the provisions of Gov­ amounting to severe torture is carried the numbers of political prisoners have been ernor Wilson's proposed, and reasonable, out systematically by some of those re­ substantially reduced in the last three rent control bill. sponsible for interrogation; months, but that many arrests are still Vacancy decontrol will continue to af­ Second, due process is severely lacking being made and that most prisoners are flict the tenants of New York City land­ in the military trials; and held without charges being fl.led against lords rule. Albany has failed to provide Third, approximately 10,000 persons them. They estimate a total of 10,000 persons in custody in one form or another. Persons adequate protection for tenants against are being held as political prisoners­ are sometimes arrested anonymously by plain rent-gouging and intolerable living con­ charges are often not filed against them clothes men in vehicles without number ditions. As the fallowing editorial from and many are held "incommunicado" for plates which makes it impossible to tell who the New York Times of May 17 indicates, long periods. has arrested them or where they are being the system approved by the legislature Foreign Affairs Subcommittees on In­ held. Many are held "incommunicado" for has been shown to be ineffective and in­ ter-American Affairs and International long periods. equitable. By not requiring fair and ef­ Organizations and Movements have been The mission recommended that an appeal fective rent procedures, the legislature holding a series of hearings on the hu­ system and other procedural safeguards be introduced and that steps be taken by the has condoned victimizing of tenants by man rights situation in Chile. On May 23 Chilean authorities to reduce the risk of m­ landlords. the subcommittees will be hearing from treatment of prisoners. In particular the The editorial follows: one of the members of the :.cJ observer delegation recommended that: [From the New York Times, May 17, 1974] mission-Mr. Covey Oliver, former As­ ( 1) the maximum permitted time for hold­ RUNOUT ON RENTS sistant Secretary of State for Inter­ ing a prisoner "incommunicado" should be strictly enforced; In the shambles of the adjournment rush American Mairs. On June 11 the sub­ at Albany, the Republican majority in the committees will be hearing from a De­ (2) relatives should be informed of the ar­ State Legislature-with clandestine help partment of State spokesman. resting authority and place of detention; from Governor Wilson-has undone the (3) lawyers should have access to their I believe these hearings are particu­ clients at any stage after the initial period sensible rent control b111 agreed upon by the larly timely in view of the administra­ of "incommunicado". Governor, Mayor Beame and a bipartisan tion's request to the Congress to provide coalition of legislators from New York City. These recommendations have been for­ In its place, the Legislature has enacted a Chile with nearly $85 million in bilateral warded to the Chilean authorities. measure that provides almost no relief from U.S. economic assistance, military assist­ With respect to the situation of foreigners the irresponsible vacancy decontrol law ance, and credit sales. For Chile, the ad­ who had to come to Chile as refugees before adopted three years ago. ministration is requesting $800,000 in the military coup and then wished to leave. the mission states that the matter has been Under the new measure, tenants wanting military assistance-grants-and $20,- substantially resolved in accordance with to move into a vacant apartment will have 500,000 in military sales credit. Congress to accept whatever rent the landlord decides Chile's obligations under international law. should, I believe, take a very close look 1. We visited Chile on behalf Of the ICJ to set; only after they have committed them­ at these requests. A government which is from 19-28 April 1974 to enquire into the selves can the tenants file an application legal situation concerning the protection of with the rent stabllization authorities chal­ committing repressive acts against its people, as the International Commission human rights. The principal purpose of our lenging the figure's fairness. Landlords get mission was to investigate the legal safe­ better protection than tenants in the yard­ of Jurists' report reveals, should not be guards at present in force in Chile for the sticks for determining fairness, and tenants entitled to American arms. As Members protection of persons detained for political will be further disadvantaged by Albany's of Congress we run the risk of being ac­ and security reasons. scrapping of a proposed "warranty of habita­ complices in these repressive a.cts if these 2. We had meetings with the Minister of bility" that would have compelled landlords arms become the instruments of oppres­ the Interior, the Minister of Justice, the to furnish decent maintenance. sion. Members of the Supreme Court, the Council The Governor's apparent intention to sign The reports fallow: of the College of Advocates, Cardinal Raul this lopsided measure is particularly inexcus­ Silva Henriques, and a large numbaT of other able in the light of the findings of the Tem­ PRELIMINARY REPORT OF !CJ MISSION TO persons including many practicing lawyers porary State Commission on Living Costs, CHILE and professors of law with experience of the appointed by his predecessor, Nelson A. A three member mission visited Chile from problems we were enquiring into. We were Rockefeller, with the primary purpose of re­ 19 to 28 April 1974 on behalf of the Inter­ greatly assisted by the Staff of the Commit­ viewing the operation of vacancy decontrol. national Commission of Jurists to enquire tee of Cooperation for Peace in Chile. This That commission found that the law had into the legal situation with regard to hu­ is an interdenominational organization failed to meet the test of equity in its first man rights. sponsored by the Catholic, Protestant and thirty months. Rents in viacancy decon­ The delegation was composed of: Jewish communities to provide legal and trolled apartments were up 52 per cent, but Mr. Niall MacDermott, Secretary-General other assistance to detainees and their fami­ there were no overall dividends for tenants o! the ICJ and former Minister of state in lies. They have an unparalleled knowledge o! on the basis of better service or renovation. the U.K. government. the situation with which we were concerned. On the contrary, the commission reported Professor Covey Oliver, Professor of In - 3. We will flr3t make a few brief remarks May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16235 about the context within which the present thorities of the armed forces (army, navy, lawful means. others, perhaps fearing they legal system is operating. air force, and carabineros). might be arrested, have left clandestinely. 4. It became increasingly evident to us that Sometimes these arrests are made anony­ Only two foreigners are known to have been Chileans are st111 deeply and passionately mously by persons coming in plain clothes sentenced by military courts, and about divided by the events leading up to and fol­ in vehicles with no number plates. No one twenty others are awaiting trial, of whom lowing the military coup on September 11, is able to find out who has arrested them, half are released on bail. Some hundreds of 1973, a.nd that it will take some time to heal or where they a.re held. Many are held in­ the original ten thousand or so aliens still the wounds of the past, but we hope that communicado for long periods. Some are later reinain, and a small number (about 5 or 6 the Junta wm before long indicate the pe­ transferred to camps or prisons for detention each week) are still coming forward asking riod of time within which they expect to be or for prosecution. Others are released, per­ to be resettled as refugees. able to return the country to civilian rule. It haps to be re-arrested later. It is, we believe, 16. We were in Chile during the week of 1s to us, and we believe to all Chileans, un­ under interrogation at this stage that most the notable call for Christian toleration and thinkable that Chile should be numbered of the cases of ill-treatment occur. national unity by Cardinal Raul Silva and among the totalitarian states. It is a coun­ We received most convincing evidence to the Catholic Bishops of Chile. As this was try with a deep and long tradition of respect support the declaration of the Catholic Bish­ also the first week of the Air Force trials, !or democratic freedom under the rule of ops on April 24, 1974, that there are "in­ some other non-Chilean groups were showing law. An expression of intent to restore democ­ terrogations with physical and moral pres­ by their presence their interest in human racy with a definite and reasonably short sure". rights and democracy in Chile. In undertak­ periOd would, we believe have a stabilizing We believe that the various forms of 111- ing this mission for the International Com­ effect, help the process of healing to which treatment, sometimes amounting to severe mission of Jurists we were motivated by a we have referred, and enable a phased torture, are carried out systematically by deep interest in Chile's great people. We leave restoration of basic human rights. some of those responsible for interrogation with hope for their future and the assurance 5. Chile is at present ruled by decree follow­ and not, as many people sought to persuade that Chileans today, as always, cherish their ing the proclamation by the M111tary Junta us, in isolated instances at the time of ar­ finest traditions. of a "state of siege" and "state of war". Fol­ rest. Habeas corpus ( amparo) and similar lowing these proclamations all normal demo­ remedies have not been effective to deal with cratic liberties are suspended, including press these problems. freedom, the rights of association and assem­ 10. Under the state of war, those accused CUBAN INDEPENDENCE DAY bly, freedom of speech, trade union rights, of offences against internal security are tried the right to strike and freedom of education. before military courts martial called Councils No political activity is allowed. The political of War. The procedure is very summary, and HON. PAUL G. ROGERS parties of the former coalition government the role of defence lawyers is severely re­ OF FLORIDA have been declared lllegal and other parties stricted. In addition, and most seriously, have been suspended. A curfew at night is in there is no appellate tribunal and the Su­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES force. preme Court has renounced any power to Wednesday, May 22, 1974 6. The explanation given for these and supervise or review their decisions. This re­ other severe restrictions on traditional free­ sults tn a serious lack of uniformity in pro­ Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, this Mon­ doms are the need for a temporary period of cedure and sentencing policy. We have re­ day, May 20 was the 72d anniversary control in order to reduce the divisions of the ceived abundant evidence that many serious of the independence of Cuba which we past, and to enable the security authorities to errors in law and procedure by these military commemorate in celebration of May 20, overcome the potentially violent forces of op­ courts have occurred and there is no judicial 1902, when the Cuban people gained in­ position which are believed to exist under­ procedure by which these errors can be dependence from Spain. It is the sad ground and across the national frontiers, remedied. misfortune of the people living in Cuba with substantial supplies of weapons clandes­ 11. we are of the opinion that the present judicial procedures and safeguards do not today that government repression of tinely imported under the previous regime. their individual freedoms remains a ves­ 7. In examining the legal system now in meet with Chile's obligations under Article operation we have accepted the hypothesis 3 of the Geneva Conventions referred to tage of the Castro regime. Only those that an emergency situation prevails in Chile above. We respectfully put forward the fol­ Cubans living outside Cuba can truly and we have looked to see whether there are lowing recommendations to meet what are, celebrate this independence day while to those minimum legal safeguards and protec­ we consider, the minimum requirements. their great sadness 8.2 million of their tions of individuals rights which are to be 12. We recommend that the mmtary pro­ countrymen remain shackled by a total­ looked for even in a serious state of emer­ cedures available under the Code of M111tary itarian dictator whose regime is eco­ gency. More particularly, our concern has Justice in time of peace should be introduced, nomically and politically dependent on been to ascertain whether, in accordance if necessary by decree law. This would pro­ with Chile's international obligations in time vide an appeal system and other necessary the Soviet Union. of internal war (under Article 3 of the Gen­ procedural safeguards. Nevertheless, the spirit of independ­ eva Conventions, 1949), there are in force 13. To reduce the risk of ill-treatment of ence of the CUban people remains alive those "judicial guarantees which are recog­ suspects under interrogation, we recommend in the hearts of millions who have brave­ nized as indispensable by c1vllized people." that: ly fled their homeland by planes, boats, 8. Our enquiry fo -: ussed in particular upon (i) the maximum permitted period of "in­ rafts and every other conceivable means the legal aspects of the arrest and trial of communicado", which we were told by Gen­ in order to find a haven free from harsh persons suspected of having committed of­ eral Bonilla, Minister of the Interior, is three political and economic sanctions impos­ fences for political reasons and the arri>st days or up to eight days in exceptional cir­ ed upon their civil liberties by Castro. of persons whose preventive or administra­ cumstances on the authority of a senior tive detention is thought necessary on officer, should be strictly enforced; I am amazed and concerned over the grounds of internal security. No official sta­ (11) relatives should be informed of the thinking of some people in the United tistics are published of the number of per­ arresting authority and place of detention at States during recent months that we lift sons arrested and held in custody for these the time of arrest, or as soon as possible the 1961 trade and travel embargo of purposes. We are satisfied that the total has thereafter; Cuba and reestablish diplomatic rela­ been very greatly reduced in the last three (111) lawyers should have access to their tions. This to me is unthinkable as long months, perhaps by as much as 50 %. clients at any stage after t h e period of "in­ as Castro continues to repress the free­ On the other hand, substantial numbers communicado", whether they are charged doms of the Cuban people-as long as of arrests continue to be made. On the with an offence or not. Castroite terrorists continue to subvert information we have received, the best esti­ 14. We are preparing, and propose later to mate we can make is that there may now be publish, a full report explaining our findings other countries in South and Central bet\ . ~en 6,000 and 7,000 persons in detention. and comments upon the present legal system America-and as long as there is a Of these probably about a third are await­ in Chile. strong possibility that missile-carrying ing trial and the remainder are being de­ 15. We also enquired into the situation of · submarines and naval vessels based in tained without charge on security grounds. foreigners in Chile, in particular refugees Cuba present a threat to the security of The conditions in many places of deten­ from other Latin American countries, about the United States. I would hope that the tion is bad, and we welcome the announce­ which a great deal of international concern President and the State Department of ment made while we were in Chile that de­ was expressed after the coup. We consider the United States will not take any ac­ tainees on Dawson Island will be transferred that the government has fully met its obli­ tion to renew economic and political re­ to the central area of Chile. gations under tbe various relevant conven­ lations with Cuba until these vestals of 9. In addition, at any given moment there tions to which Chile is a party. Nearly all of may be as many as a further 3,000 people those wishing to leave have been permitted tyranny and jeopardy to U.S. security under arrest at any one time who are bein g to do so, whether they sou ght asylum in for­ are eliminated. held for questioning in military barracks, eign embassies, or were resettled with the Mr. Speaker, I would again like to police stations, or other interrogation centres help of the United Nations' High Commis­ commend the Cuban people for their by one of the four security intelligence au- sioner for Refugees, or left on their own by spirit in fighting for their freedoms in 16236 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 the face of continued repression in their of the man. With it all he was a man the site where two previous ventures had homeland. I would also like to take this with enormous concern for humanity, a floundered and failed. In fact, it was opportunity to commend the Cuban man of such contagious enthusiasm that there that I lost my only paying job at Crusade organization on their dedica­ it was reflected in all around him. the time-15 years of age-with a Mr. tion and service in this cause. Mil gra­ It is only now that the pain of losing Walling who had Walling's Grocery and cias amigos. so good a man, so dear a friend, is be­ Butcher Shop. So, a few years later I was gining to be just a bit tempered by the one of the first to appreciate the tremen­ realization of his deep and lasting in­ dous business acumen and ability of Mr. fluence upon students, professors and Reed; for his business flourished and MARTIN CATTON! AWARD FOR practitioners of dentistry here and in prospered in the midst of hardship. His EXCELLENCE many lands. This Martin Cattoni Award family also grew and his children, Alice, for Excellence is a fitting memorial, a Marina, Peter, Henry, and Mary Lou be­ continuing recognition of his own ex­ came neighbors, playmates, and com­ HON. BOB ECKHARDT cellence. panions. OF TEXAS But Mr. Reed, being a very enterpris­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing man, began to think in terms of pio­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 PETER D. REED: PROMINENT AND neering in the field of manufacturing candles and related products, and while Mr. ECKHARDT. Mr. Speaker, on LOVED CITIZEN OF SAN ANTONIO, TEX. he was carrying on his grocery business May 8, 1974, Thomas E. Wright m, re­ began the second by renting a vacant site ceived the Martin Cattoni award for in an old structure on Medina Street, excellence in periodontics at the Univer­ near the intersection of West Commerce. sity of Texas at Houston Dental Branch. HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ Soon, he was so successful in his candle The a ward, designed to recognize both OF TEXAS manufacturing business that he closed academic and clinical excellence among IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the grocery store and concentrated on his seniors at the dental school, was estab­ Wednesday, May 22, 1974 latest venture. lished in memory of the outstanding This business grew steadily and dra­ achievements of the farmer chairman of Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, the city matically-soon it was a major venture the Department of Medicine, Dr. Martin of San Antonio, Tex., is one of the most and eventually it has become one of San Cattoni. Dr. Cattoni also held a profes­ historical and cosmopolitan of the New Antonio's most productive and success­ sorship of endodontics and periodontics World, not just of our country. It has ful businesses, enriching the community, at the dental branch. existed under six different flags of six providing employment through the years Dr. Cattoni's distinguished career, different sovereignities. Its heritage of to hundreds, and gradually expanding its which encompassed practice, teaching, culture, language, architecture, music, area of activity and its active trade ter­ and writing in the field of endodontics food is rich and deeply rooted. Its people ritory to many miles beyond San Antonio. and periodontics, reflected Dr. Cattoni's and inhabitants reflect this diversity and Thus, at the age of 82, when the Lord international background and continu­ pluralism. Almighty called Mr. Peter D. Reed on ing concern with dental care throughout This is why a man named Peter D. May l, 1974, to his eternal sleep, one can the world. Reed evokes and symbolizes this cultural truly say: Here is a real American, who Born on January 30, 1915, Dr. Cattoni and social heritage. This is why a man has enriched his city, raised a very won­ received a Bachelor of Science degree named Peter D. Reed would hardly be derful family successfully, earned the re­ from the University of Asuncion, Para­ considered to have been a citizen who was spect and encomiums of his fellow citi­ guay, in 1932 and a doctor of dental born in Sabinas, Coahuila, Mexico, and zens, and left a matchless heritage. surgery from the University of Monte­ coming to San Antonio early in his life Mr. Peter D. Reed was very shy, with­ video, Uruguay, in 1936. He earned a was identified, not with the dominant, drawn, and dedicated to his business master of science of dentistry from the English-speaking contingency but rather only, when I persuaded him to join the Northwestern Graduate School in 1949, solidly identified with and a part of that Pan American Progressive Association by and was awarded an honorary doctor of singular conglomeration, of Mexican de­ making one of the largest cash contribu­ science degree from the University of scent and Spanish speaking, that at one tions to that endeavor in 1947. The Pan Antiguia, Columbia, in 1953. time in the city's development con­ American Progressive Association, of In 1952 he became an associate pro­ stituted a nation within a city, as I have which I was one of the founders and the fessor of medicine and chairman of the pointed out for years as a significant first executive director, has been the only Department of Medicine at the Univer­ historical achievement that has little substantial organization made up of busi­ sity of Texas at Houston Dental Branch. noted or altogether overlooked by his­ ness executives, made up of almost 100 He also served as a consultant or on the torians. percent Mexican-American citizens, to staff of the World Health Organization; Yes, this great man named Peter D. have been formed in the history of San the hospital ship, Hope; the USAF Hos­ Reed by his forebears who settled in the Antonio, dedicated to not only business pital at Lackland Air Force Base, San northern State of Coahuila in Mexico and and commercial progress but social bet­ Antonio; the Veterans' Administration helped to develop that area by stimulat­ terment as well. Hospital in Houston, Tex.; the U.S. Pub­ ing its commerce and industry, by tal­ This seemed to have been the trigger­ lic Health Service Hospital, Galveston, ented endeavor, and by hard work. Mr. ing mechanism that exposed Mr. Reed to Tex.; U.S. Army, Fort Hood, Tex.; Texas Reed had to learn English, and even at his fell ow citizens and once he was Children's Hospital; and M. D. Ander­ the terminal point of his career a definite known and recognized for his ability he son Hospital and Tumor Institute, Hous­ and marked accent could be noted. was called upon time and time again to ton, Tex. But Peter D. Reed did not strangle in render service to the comm~nity. Be­ At the time of his death on July 12, the separatism of ethnic isolation and cause of Peter D. Reed we have inherited 1973, in Asuncion, Paraguay, the country segregation. Rather, he struggled from the most active Little League baseball he represented as Honorary Consul in the beginning, by toiling hard and event­ and other youth endeavors in that sec­ Houston, Dr. Cattoni was on a lecture ually establishing his own small grocery tion of the city that most needs this. tour of South America. He had recently business in the midst of the harshness of Mr. Reed eventually became president been selected as vice president-elect of the depression. of the Pan American Optimist Club, the the American Association for the Ad­ It was at this point, and coinciding San Antonio Charro Association--even­ vancement of Science and was serving with my own youth, that Mr. Reed estab­ tually, elected the president emeritus of as chairman of the 1973 session of the lished the Peter D. Reed Red and White this organization-he was honored by American Association for the Advance­ Grocery Store on the corner of West mayors, judges, Governors, and a host of ment of Science. These two honors were Euclid and Camaron Streets, in the business and community leaders. only the most recent of a long list of neighborhood where I was born. The On May 1 last, we in San Antonio lost academic and professional honors re­ economic forces of adversity were ram­ a great and productive leader. We all ceived from throughout the Americas. pant throughout San Antonio with pecu­ miss him but he has left a rich and in­ This record of accomplishments and liar ferocious strength. This same loca­ valuable heritage of service that will for­ these honors, however, reflect only a part tion of the Reed enterprise was precisely ever memorialize Peter D. Reed. May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16237 REV. LEON SULLIVAN OF became the first black director of General pastor of Mr. Powell's powerful Abyssinian PHILADELPHIA Motors. Baptist Church. The OIC hasn't been Mr. SulUvan's only In 1950, Mr. sumvan came to Philadel­ contribution to the black cause. He was a phia as pastor of Zion Baptist, which then key-if youthful-organizer of the 1943 had a congregation of about 600. (It now ls HON. WILLIAM A. BARRETT equal-rights march on Washington. In the about 6,000.) OF PENNSYLVANIA 1950s, as pastor of Philadelphia's Zion Bap­ "There was a big problem with gangs," IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tist Church-the largest church in Philadel­ Mr. Sulllvan recalls, "so I did a lot of youth Wednesday, May 22, 1974 phia, white or black-Mr. Sull1van pioneered work, organizing basketball leagues and the business-boycott techniques later adopt­ things like that. But then I began to realize Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, one of ed and expanded upon by the civil-rights that a big reason for juvenile delinquency the Nation's outstanding clergymen and movement. "It was one of the stellar con­ was unemployment. So I contacted every leader of men comes from the great city tributions to the movement," Chicago's Mr. large company in Philadelphia-about 300 of Jackson says. them-and asked them to at least give job of Philadelphia. The Reverend Leon Sul­ But it was the OIC program that brought interviews to some of the kids. I wasn't ask­ livan is one of the most outstanding citi­ Mr. Sullivan to national attention. He had ing them necessarily to hire all the kids, zens in the city of Philadelphia. The begun his Philadelphia OIC in early 1964 just to take a look at them. I heard back Reverend Sullivan is the founder and with less than $750,000, most of it raised pri­ from 10 companies, and two said they national director of Opportunities In­ vately; Mr. Sulllvan mortgaged his own home would." dustrialization Centers of America, an to help meet start-up costs. The federal gov­ Outraged by the lack of response from organization which he put together to ernment, desperate for new ideas and pro­ the business establishment, Mr. Sullivan grams that might help dampen growing called a meeting of Philadelphia's 400 or so provide self-help for the blacks and inner-city tensions, was quick to embrace black clergy. He emerged with their back­ other minority groups. the OIC concept, however. Several million ing for a massive business boycott. Boycott The Wall Street Journal on Friday, dollars in federal funds flowed into OIC cof­ tactics had been tried before, notably by May 17, 1974, contained a front page fers in 1965; by 1970, the sum had risen to Harlem's Mr. Powell, but they were usually story outlining the great work that the $13.5 mlllion, and in the current fiscal year, applied on a limited scale, such as demand­ Reverend Sullivan has accomplished it ls expected to reach about $23 million. ing a few ·jobs as checkout clerks at local since his arrival in Philadelphia in 1950 A GROWING CHAIN stores within the black community. The Philadelphia boycott was designed to and his work with the OIC since 1964. I The result has been a steadily growing pressure companies on a citywide basis, am indeed pleased that the Wall Street cha.in of job-training centers modeled a.long starting with such vulnerable concerns as Journal has recognized his great work the lines of the Philadelphia OIC. But the bakers and soft-drink bottlers. Blacks con­ and has seen fit to bring it to the at­ OICs haven't been without problems. A num­ stituted about 20% of the city's population, tention of citizens all across the coun­ ber of them are little more than shells, and Mr. sumvan estimates that at one point try. Philadelphia is honored to have such fioundering for lack of local leadership or the boycotts involved nearly a half-mllllon suffering from mismanagement. Others have consumers. "After a. while, all you had to do an outstanding citizen working within been closed in the wake of revenue sharing, its community. Mr. Speaker, I wish to was show your face at a company" and which gives city halls a veto power over more jobs would become available, he re­ include within my remarks the text of financing. Federal cutbacks in manpower calls. Between 1959 and 1962, he figures, the Wall Street Journal article on Mr. spending have also hurt; the OIC, which several thousand jobs were opened up for Sullivan: now ls almost entirely financed by the fed­ blacks. eral government, started this fiscal year ex­ LEON SULLIVAN PUSHES JOB TRAINING AS KEY Other observers recall the boycotts as pecting to receive $32 mlllion in funds from TO BLACKS' SUCCESS being less successful for the number of jobs Washington but has been cut back twice to (By Thomas J. Bray) they opened up than for the sense of pride the current $23 mllllon level. But, as one and organization they instllled in the black PHILADELPHIA.-Leon Howard Sullivan staffer puts it, "The most impressive thing community. Mr. Sullivan shared the spot­ leans his six-foot, five-inch frame forward in is that the OIC stlll exists at all." light with the boycott's other organizers, but the pulpit, gazes sternly out over his con­ In any case, the ups and downs of Mr. he was clearly the leader. His reputation gregation and launches into his weekly ser­ Sullivan's operations tell much about minor­ was solidified when Martin Luther King mon. ity efforts to implement the gains of the asked him to go to Atlanta to help organize "God likes to stir people's nests from time civil-rights movement of the 1960s. Mr. Sul­ the boycotts there. to time." (Scattered amens.) "God stirred. livan's career ls also a remarkable story in At the same time, however, Mr. Sullivan America's nest in the '60s during the civll­ its own right. was moving beyond the protest tactics of rights movement." (More amens; his voice INTEGRATING LUNCHROOMS the civil-rights movement. "Jobs were be­ rises.) "God stirred President Nixon's nest, That career started in Charleston, W. Va., coming available,'' he says, "but our people and little Mitchells and Deans fell out." where Leon Sulllvan was born in a dirt alley couldn't do them." (Laughter, "right-ons.") "And God's stir­ to a mother who was an elevator operator The result was the· OIC. At first, Mr. Sul­ ring your nest-because he wants you to and a father who was a janitor. He was livan thought the solution lay in mobilizing stand on your own two feet." (Loud chorus raised mainly by his grandmother, and it the savings of the black community to form of amens and approval.) was apparent fairly early that young Leon companies that would train and employ It's an old theme--God helps those who had brains, ambition and zeal. He was a other blacks. "I got the idea from Jesus help themselves-but one on which Leon good student, a good athlete-and a constant feeding the 5,000 with loaves and fishes," he Sullivan ls well-qualified to preach. As pest to white lunchroom owners who tried to says, referring to a Biblical story that em­ founder and national director of the Op­ deny him service. "I tried to integrate every phasizes the Christian concept of sharing. portunities Industrialization Centers of place that said blacks couldn't enter,'' he Mr. Sullivan asked members of his congre­ America, Mr. sumvan has made a career out recalls. "I couldn't understand why my peo­ gation to set aside $10 a month for 36 of self-help for blacks and other minorities. ple put up with it." Occasionally, he was months-the 10-36 Plan, he called it-to The OIC program began 10 years ago in an successful: one establishment served him a form the seed capital for his ventures. More abandoned police station in the North Coke after he recited the Declaration of In­ practical heads, however, persuaded Mr. Philadelphia slums and has since grown into dependence from memory. Sullivan to separate the investment and a network of more than 100 job-training Mr. Sulllvan won an athletic scholarship job-training aspects of his program. centers across the nation. Over 150,000 dis­ to West Virginia State College, and when an From the start, the ore didn't claim any advantaged and unskilled workers have been injury put an end to his football and basket­ startling new concepts in training as such. trained and placed in jobs ranging from ball career, he worked his way through But it was soon apparent to the OIC staff brlckworking to court reporting, and labor school in a steel mill. He also picked up a that enrollees needed something more than experts praise the OIC as one of the most little extra cash as an itinerant preacher. In training in skllls. "The transition from un­ successful and efficient manpower programs person, he ls soft-spoken, almost shy, but his employed to employed can be a lot for some going. pulpit style is in the best tradition of fire­ of these people to grasp," a Philadelphia AN INFLUENTIAL LEADER and-brimstone Baptist revivalism. OIC staffer says. "Our feedback was that The OIC program has helped make the Soon after graduation, Mr. Sullivan en­ many people were losing their jobs not be­ 51-year-old Mr. Sullivan one of the more countered a fiamboyant Harlem minister cause their technical training wasn't ade­ infiuentlal black leaders in the U.S. "He (later to be a controversial Congressman), quate but because of personal problems and comes as close as any man to being my Adam Clayton Powell, who was in West Vir­ attitudes." idol," says Jesse Jackson, the charismatic ginia on a speaking engagement. Mr. Pow­ A feeder program was quickly es­ Chicago civil-rights leader and onetime aide ell, impressed by the youth, invited him to tablished to acquaint the trainees, about to Martin Luther King. Politicians of both New York, where he helped organize the half of whom are welfare recipients ranging parties regularly beat a path to Mr. Sulli­ wartime civil-rights march on Washington in age from 21 to 40, with the realities of the van's door, and the businessmen who have and entered prestigious Union Theological largely white workaday world. The students lent their support read like a Who's Who Seminary for his doctorate 1n divinity. For learn such rudiments as how to apply for a of American industry. In 1971, Mr. Sull1van several yea.rs, he also served as assistant job, how to take employment tests, how to 16238 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 accept criticism from their future bosses­ plete with a day-care center, classrooms for GREENVILLE NEWS-PIEDMONT and how to make complaints of their own. adult education and a gym for the basket­ EDITORIAL Punctuality, courtesy and social amenities ball league that Mr. Sullivan organized neat"­ are stressed; gum chewing and wearing ly two decades ago. ha.ts indoors are out, good diction ls in. One It is from his modest church salary that HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN classroom ls lined with mirrors to make stu­ Mr. Sulllvan receives his only compensa­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA dents aware of their dress and grooming. tion, aside from some lecture and director­ "Basically,'' says Lorraine Lockett, an in­ ship fees; his clothes tend to be wrinkled and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES structor, "we teach them to conform.'' a little threadbare. He recently moved to a Wednesday, May 22, 1974 The applicants also take refresher courses comfortable but modest home in a predomi­ in basic math, reading and oral communica­ nantly white suburb in order to be closer to Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the Greenville, tion during the feeder program. When the the Quaker school that his three chlldren S.C., News-Piedmont is one of the enrollees are judged ready-usually in two attend. The move drew the predictable hate South's most dynamic, outstanding to five weeks-they are sent to the job-train­ mall and telephone calls. newspaper organizations, and renders ing centers. The Philadelphia program, for Mr. Sullivan continues to put in long splendid service in keeping our peo­ example, offers 14 courses ranging from key­ hours, and he makes ·substantial demands on ple informed. I am particularly pleased punch operator to auto mechanic; there are his congregation. At one recent service, of­ to call to the attention of the Congress four centers around the city. Close continu­ ferings were asked separately for the Girl and all Americans the following splendid ing contact with employers and careful fol­ Scouts, 21nd the church mortgage fund, mis­ low-up work with train ees have produced a sionary work and the general church fund. editorial from the News-Piedmont, writ­ relatively high job-retention rate; more than He doesn't plan to let up, either. One am­ ten by editorial page Editor James H. 50 % of the trainees are still on the same bitious project he is planning: to use the re­ McKinney, Jr., concerning the role of job six months later. (And a good many sources and manpower of his church, the the press in a democratic society: others move on to other jobs, it is believed.) OIC and ZIA to rehabilitate large chunks of CURING ILLS OF THE PRESS "That shapes up just as well as most com­ the black ghetto in Phlladelphia. It must be a frightening world in which pany-run training programs," says a Labor we live today, much more frightening than Department official in Philadelphia who most people think it is. monitors the OIC program here. Adds a labor That impression emerges from almost every expert with an old-line civil-rights organiza­ national or regional convention of almost tion: "The OIC may not place its people THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF every conceivable group in America. It was at the highest level, but it is definitely pro­ SCHOOL DESEGREGATION DE­ prevalent to a large degree at the recent con­ ductive-unlike most government programs CISION vention of the American Society of Newspa­ that are supposed to deal with the hard­ per Editors in Atlanta. Pessimism and fear core unemployed." The ore also says it does played a part in almost every discussion on the job more cheaply-for about $1,500 a the agenda. trainee, compared with about $3,500 tn most HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Despite the fact that the American press federally financed programs. OF MASSACHUSETTS ls the freest in the world and has exercised For the enrollees, however, there can be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that freedom to a greater extent than ever financial problems. No stipends are paid in before in recent years, the ASNE Freedom of the ore program, making it diffi.cult for · Wednesday, May 22, 1974 Information report was a gloomy document. many to attend classes regularly but ensur­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, 20 years Reading it would lead one to believe that ing that those who do tend to be fairly well ago last Friday the Supreme Court held shackles were dangling from almost every motivated. For various reasons, about a third editor's arms. of the enrollees drop out during the feeder unconstitutional the maintenance of Of course there are some reasons in the program or during actual job training. public schools on the basis of race. In form of court cases, governmental actions At about the same time that Mr. Sullivan ruling that the separate but equal doc­ and pressures of one sort or another which was beginning the ore program in the mid- trine has no place in the area of public could be regarded as intended to inhibit the 1960s, he was also forming Zion Investment education, a unanimous Court stated: press. But the FOI report also touched upon Association, an investment company in which Separate educational fac111ties are inher­ the worst real threat to freedom of the press parishioners provided most of the capital. ently unequal. Brown v. Board of Education, -growing lack of public confidence in the (This was an outgrowth of his old 10-36 347 U.S. 483 (1954). accuracy and fairness of the media. Plan.) ZIA bought some garden apartments, That one is a dire threat indeed, because built a new shopping center in North Phila­ Looking back across those 20 years, we written constitutional guarantees of a free delphia and started several companies that see much that has changed. Since that press become meaningless when the pub­ supply parts to the aerospace and automotive Monday morning in May, great strides lic becomes hostile to the news media. industries. Assets now are about $5 million, have been made in removing the historic Despite lack of public confidence in the and ZIA has more than 8,000 stockholders. barriers which have prevented black mass media nationally, we have an idea the But like the OIC, Zion Investment Associa­ true situation ls not as bad as painted. Americans from enjoying the bounty of Furthermore we are certain that the remedy tion has had its share of problems. ZIA has our land. Full access to public facilities, stubbed its toe badly on several investment s, to whatever threat exists to freedom of notably a garment-manufacturing operation restaurants, schools, Federal programs, the press lies in the hands of the media. that attempted to double as a job-tra,inln g and jobs may no longer be denied to In many instances the press is its own worst program. The aerospace company lost $500,- minority citizens. The authority of the enemy in a battle in which it should be un­ 000 last year, and the automotive-parts con­ State to place its power and prestige be­ beatable-the battle to shape public opinion. cern has been hurt, like other auto suppliers, hind racial discrimination has been It is ironic that large segments of the by the energy crisis. Mr. Sulllvan got a chilly rendered impotent. news media complain constantly these days reception recently when he approached John about "sinister forces" in government and Yet the promise of that momentous elsewhere seeking to destroy press freedom. Bunting, cha;irman of First Pennsylvan ia decision, while fulfilled in part, has not Corp., Philadelphia's biggest bank, to ask They see special interests as ganging up on for financing for shopping centers in other been fully realized. It has, to be sure, re­ newspapers and other elements of the media cit ies. "I told him we only back successes," moved legal obstacles to equality. It has to prevent them from informing the public. says Mr. Bunting, whose bank had nonethe­ not eliminated racism. The burdens of Many, man y news media people are seek­ less been a heavy lender to earlier ZIA ven­ bad schools, poor housing, unemploy­ ing congressional action to protect news tures. ment, and crime still fall disproportion­ personnel's sources of information . There ls a growing fear among news people that the Mr. Sulivan contends that ZIA eventually ately and unfairly on minorities. Those courts are out to shackle the press by re­ will turn the corner; one of his priorities ls who have been the victims of past dis­ quiring reporters to testify before grand to help ZIA become a self-sustaining, divi­ crimination still suffer the disabilities of juries. dend-paying enterprise. "It won't be easy," racial exclusion through the use of new­ These protests obscure and worsen the real Mr. Sullivan says, "but it has to succeed so er, more sophisticated forms of inequal­ problem of the press-the fact that the big­ minorities can see that they can manage ity. gest special interest group of all (the Ameri­ busin esses, too." That we have not achieved the great can public) no longer trusts the m ass med ia Another of his goals is to cajole General goal underlying the Brown decision for reliable information. The fault for that Motors, of which he ls a director, to assign should not be cause for despair. Rather lies n ot with special interest groups hostile more dealerships to blacks, promote more to the press, but with the press it self. blacks to executive positions and train more it should be a call for a broader com­ In it s zeal to report and t o analyze, the black mechanics. mitment of time, resources, and spirit American press at the n ational level often An d, always, there's Mr. Sulliva;n's church, to remove, once and for all, the ancient has st epped over the line between reporting which burned down in 1971 but has been re­ scourge of racism. That is our task; we and participating in t h e event s of the day. built on a larger, more m odern scale, com- must finish it; there is no choice. The advent of so-called "advocacy" journa- May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16239 lism on the television tube and in many large This represents but a first step in a years' imprisonment. They were quietly papers and magazines has robbed the press of commitment we as a nation must make relased later. its once-cherished role of objective reporter. if we are to provide the moral leadership April 27, 1973-an Italian was kllled in the We have to get away from this business of Rome office of El Al by a. Palestinian Arab "blowing up" the inevitable relatively few the world so desperately needs at this who was later placed under psychiatric errors and foul-ups which occur in our so­ time. We have seen far too many acts of observation. ciety and its systems. The media has the terrorism in the past, now we must work July 24, 1973-A Japan Air Lines jumbo habit of making one or two misfires in a sys­ to prevent future acts. We have no more jet was hijacked and blown up in TripoU, tem look like a complete collapse. important mission before us. Libya.. None of the five terrorists was brought This is not so say such misfires should be Mr. Speaker, at this point in the REC­ to trial. covered up or left unreported. They should ORD, in an effort to illustrate just how Aug. 4, 1973-Two Arab terrorists k1lled be reported, but in such a way as to put them frequent these acts of terror have oc­ five persons and wounded 45 in a. machine­ in proper context. The good should be re­ curred, I would like to insert a chronol­ gun attack on passengers in the Athens air­ ported along with the bad. port lounge. Last week the terrorists were The role of objective reporter, buttressed ogy of terrorist acts which have taken freed by the Greek government and given by the expression of opinion in clearly labeled place since 1970. In light of these stag­ safe passage to Libya. editorials and airing of opposing viewpoints gering figures, the need for strong lead­ Sept. 28, 1973-Three Jewish immigrants in letters to the editor, made the American ership by the United States in promoting from the Soviet Union were taken hostage newspaper the most trusted purveyor of in­ peace in the world should be apparent: a.board a. train for Vienna. Austrian authori­ formation in the world not long ago. EARLIER ACTS OJ!' TERRORISM ties arrested two Palestinians who were then The way to restore public confidence in A list follows of major Arab terrorist activ­ freed and flown to an Arab country. the press is to return to the practice of ob­ ities since Feb. 10, 1970, when an attack on Nov. 25, 1973-Three Arabs hijacked a KLM jectivity and clear separation of fact from an El Al Israel Airlines plane at Munich jumbo jet and flew it to Abu Dhabi. There 1s opinion. killed one passenger and wounded eight. An no record of an arrest by Abu Dhabi authori­ That can be done only if the editors and Egyptian and two Jordanians were arrested ties. publishers of newspapers and heads of broad­ but they were later set free. Aprll 11, 1974-Three Arab guerrillas k1lled cast media purge their reportorial organ­ July 22,, 1970-Six Palestinians hijacked a total of men, women and children in the izations of advocacy reporting, undue re­ an Olympic Airways plane. None was brought northern Israeli border town of Qiryat liance upon unnamed sources and the tend­ to justice. Shemona. before dying themselves in the ex­ ency to accept the minority negative in­ Sept. 6, 1970-P&n America.n's, Trans World plosion of their dynamite charges while stead of the majority positive. Airlines and Swissair planes were hijacked under siege by Israeli security forces. by Arabs. All were eventually blown up. None of the terrorists was arrested. Sept. 6, 1970-A woman terrorist was CONDEMNS LATEST ACT OF ARAB wounded and her ma.le companion k1lled in PUBLIC FINANCING OF CAMPAIGNS TERRORISM an attempt to hijack an El Al plane. The woman was later released. July 28, 1971-An attempt to blow up an HON. MARIO BIAGGI El Al plane with booby-trapped luggage HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN OF NEW YORK given to a. woman by a male Arab friend did OJ!' ll.LINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not succeed. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sept. 20, 1970-A similar attempt to blow Wednesday, May 22, 1974 up another El Al plane failed. Wednesday, May 22, 1974 Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the civilized Nov. 29, 1971-Wasft Tai, Premier of Jor­ Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, public world reeled in shock and outrage last dan, was assassinated by four Palestinian financing of campaigns has been a per­ guerrillas while entering his hotel in Cairo. tinent issue for quite some time. With week over the latest deplorable act of Suspects were taken into custody but no Arab terrorism directed at the beleagu­ prosecutions have been reported. Congress right around the comer from ered nation of Israel. While all acts of Feb. 22, 1972-A Lufthansa airliner was the campaign trail, this issue is getting terrorism are to be condemned, this par­ hijacked to Aden where the hijackers were bigger and bigger. I believe this article ticular act was the most barbaric and paid $5-million for its release. The hijackers from the Chicago Tribune will be of in­ senseless of all, the victims of this mas­ went free. terest to my colleagues: sacre were innocent schoolchildren, who May 8, 1972-Terrorists hijacked a Belgian A NO'l'-SO-POPULAR IDEA Babena. airliner to Lydda, where two men were hoping to live in a world of peace, were k1lled by Israeli security guards. Two In ramming public campaign financing but instead fell victim to a world of war women were subsequently sentenced to lite thru the United States Senaite, its supporters and violence. imprisonment. made much of a Harris poll which was taken Equally as tragic was the fact that this May 30, 1972-Three Japanese gunmen be­ last November and showed that 53 per cent event took place in a critical time in the longing to the Popular Front for the Libera­ of Amertcans were for public financing, 35 history of the Middle East. Thanks to the tion of Palestine killed 26 persons at Lydda per cent opposed, and 12 per cent undecided. Airport. At the time, public financing was being untiring efforts of U.S. Secretary of touted as a cure for the sort of corruption State, Dr. Kissinger, a viable peace August 16, 1972-A booby-trapped ta.pe­ recorder exploded in the luggage compart­ which was being spotlighted because of seemed imminent, by virtue of a disen­ ment of an El Al plane, causing slight dam­ Watergate; President Nixon's "Saturday gagement of forces between Syria and age. Two Arabs were released by Italla.n Night Massacre" had just shocked the coun­ Israel. This act seemed almost to be an authorities after a short detention. try. attemped sabotage of this noble effort, Sept. 5, 1972-Members of an Arab guer­ Since then, the American publlc has had and it is the hope of the free world that rilla organization attacked the quarters of a cha.nee to give the proposal more thought. Dr. Kissinger will not abandon his goal Israeli athletes in the Olympic Village in The results are predtctable. The most recent Munich. Eleven members of the Israeli Olym­ Harris poll on the subject shows that support of achieving peace in this troubled area. has fallen to 43 per cent, with 37 per cent pic Team were slain. Five of the terroris~ We must, however, be cautious with were killed. Three others were later freed. opposed and 20 per cent unsure. the Syrians and Arabs until they can Oct. 29, 1972-A Lufthansa. plane was The reasons given for the growing opposi­ prove to the world they are responsible hijacked to Zagreb, Yugoslavia., where it was tion to public financing are compelling. Peo­ parties to international agreements. released after Arab terrorists responsible for ple fear that the scheme would add to their These nations must abandon their poli­ the attack on the Israeli athletes at Munich tax burden, and they don't like the idea of cies of terror and violence. They must had been set free. The hijackers were never having their tax money squandered on the brought to justice. kind of things politicians spend campaign abide by the dictates of reason, and not money for. As one of those polled put it: force innocent victims to die so that they March 2, 1973-Eighit guerrlllas invaded "A candidate ought to feel lucky getting may get their views across to the world. the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Khartoum, the my vote, but to also want my money to pay In response to this latest terrorist act, Sudan, and killed three diplomats. The ter­ for his campaign is just carrying it too far." rorists were taken into custody and are Those polled in the latest survey were also I joined with a large number of iny col­ reportedly awaiting trial. leagues in introducing a resolution con­ asked their opinion of a compromise proposal April 4, 1973-Two Arabs made an unsuc­ sponsored by Mr. Nixon. It would not permit demning the latest Arab terrorist act, cessful attempt to attack passengers of an public financing but would impose strtct and suggesting to the President that he El Al plane in Rome. They were arrested but limitations on private campaign financing, recommend the Ambassador of the later released and sent to Lebanon. including a $15,000 ceillng on Presidential United States to the United Nations take April 9, 1973-Arab terrorists attempted contributions and a $3,000 top on congres­ appropriate actions before the U.N. Secu­ to attack an Israeli plane at Nicosia, Cyprus. si-onal contributions. rity Council. Eight were arrested 'Uld sentenced to seven Despite Mr. Nixon's poor rating among the 16240 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1974 people, this proposal received the support of prices for all we can export, on what basis in saving natural gas and bringing needed 57 per cent of those polled, with only 18 per will we serve hungry people who do not have fertilizer to the United States. cent against it. the cash? Will we supply foreign needs at Eximba.nk will be involved only in financ­ The supporters of public financing are the expense of tightening domestic supplies ing U.S. exports, but this transaction is part working relentlessly now to get their blll and aggravating our own inflatlon? of a program between the Soviet Union and passed by the House. They w111 be deservedly Secretary of State Kissinger has called for American companies under which superphos­ frustrated by the fact that they can no an international approach to the world food phoric acid, which the U.S. has in relative longer claim the pubUc's support. crisis and promised a greater American ef­ abundance, will be shipped to the Soviet Un­ fort in the field. A United Nations-sponsored ion and two nitrogen fertilizers (ammvnia World Food Conference wlll be held in Rome and urea.) which are scarce her~ plus potash, in November, and a prime topic will be the will come to the U.S. The nitrogen fertilizer PROBLEMS WITH FOOD possibility of an international food reserve will be made with Soviet natural gas. to be drawn on in meeting shortages. Sen­ To manufacture the needed fertilizer here ator Humphrey contributed handsomely to would require a drain on U.S. natural gas re­ the discussion with his recent call for a serves in an amount large enough to heat HON. DONALD M. FRASER "world food action program" in which the a million U.S. homes a year. OF MINNESOTA United States would play the leading role. The ammonia and urea imported into the America's performance in meeting the food U.S. will have an energy content equivalent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crisis will be a key to the success of the to 25.2 m111ion barrels of crude oil per year. Wednesday, May 22, 1974 country's diplomacy in years to come. The For every BTU (British Thermal Unit) of nation must be generous in answering what­ energy used for the phosphates exported, am­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, all of us ever demands for relief Inight arise, even to monia, urea and potash requiring at least are aware of the mounting world food the point of trimming the over-abundant 50 BTU's of energy will be imported by the crisis. A thoughtful editorial in the American diet to more healthful proportions. United States. Washington Star-News of May 15, 1974, And long-term solutions must be assiduously Occidental Petroleum or its affiliates plan speaks to the magnitude of the problem. sought, to increase food production in the to invest more than a half billion dollars in The editorial points out the important poor countries and bring population growth the U.S. to construct ships and to ·~xpand role this country must play if the literal­ under reasonable control. production fac1liti~s to mine and process phosphate rock in Florida. It is estimated ly millions of starving men, women, and that this will create two to three th.')usand children around the world are to obtain jobs during the construction period .mtil relief. THE CONTINUED INCREASE IN THE 1979, and 2900 permanent jobs thereafter. The editorial follows: COST OF DETENTE WITH THE SO­ In addition to the sale of at least $400 mil­ PROBLEMS FOOD lion in U.S. equipment and supplies, the WrrH VIET UNION Many frightening numbers are making the project should provide substantial balance­ :rounds in the perennial effort to get the of-trade advantages for the U.S. resulting world's affiuent peoples worried about food from the trade of commodities. The transac­ shortages in the poorer countries. An esti­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK tion contemplates that the U.S. would ac­ mated quarter of a milUon people have died OF LOUISIANA quire needed fertilizer from abroad not for in the drought-stricken, sub-Sahara belt of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cash but in return for exporting materials Africa. UNICEF is picturing 400 to 500 mil­ in ample supply here, thus a.voiding a net lion children threatened with malnutrition Wednesday, May 22, 1974 drain on American's trade balance. or actual starvation as a result of acute eco­ The materials purchased from American Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the Ex­ companies with the assistance of this financ­ nomic problems, compared with the year-in, port-Import Bank's approval of a $180 year-out quota of 10 million suffering kids. ing wm be used in the construction of An all-encompassing view is that half of the million loan to the Soviet Union to fi­ ammonia plants, storage facilities, pumping world's 3.7 blllion people are always hungry, nance a $400 million foreign investment, stations, railroad tank cars and a 1200 mile and no one knows where the food will come coming as it does just a month before the pipeline in the U.S.S.R. Private financing in from for a population of more than 7 billion President's June summit meeting in Mos­ the amount of another $180 million will be at the end of the century. cow, will be viewed by many observers as provided by a consortium of U.S. commercial It is ha.rd to tel! whether some of the fig­ another example of the administration's banks headed by Bank of America, without ures are exaggerated for the purpose of pierc­ "checkbook detente." It should be seen Eximbank's guarantee. The borrower w111 ing complacency in the more prosperous make a cash down payment of $40 million, quarters. But there is no doubt that many not only as a direct affront to the Amer­ which is 10% of the balance of the U.S. costs. signs point to the imminence of food crisis ican taxpayer, but to this Congress as Proceeds of the Extmbank and commercial in various parts of the world, besides the al­ well. bank credits will be applied against pur­ ready-present calamity in Africa. The feeling of this body was made clear chases from U.S. companies by Techmash­ Grain reserves are generally low, after the on the subject of the administration's import and Promsyrioimport of the U.S.S.R. mammoth sales of American stocks to make freewheeling trade schemes with the Some of the possible major suppliers include: up for Soviet crop failures and to add to the Russians when the Vanik amendment to Babcock and Wilcox Company, New York, diets of the newly affiuent elsewhere in the N.Y., Bechtel Corporation, San Francisco, Western world. With the disappearance of the trade bill, which would withhold Cal., Chemical Construction Company, New surpluses, prices have zoomed upward, de­ most-favored-nation status from the York, N.Y., Chicago Bridge and Iron Com­ lighting American farmers but increasing U.S.S.R. until their oppressive policies pany, Oakbrook, Ill., General Electric Com­ the price of existence for countries that must changed, was overwhelmingly adopted. pany, New Yorl{, N.Y., Honeywell, Inc., Min­ import basic foods. Complicating the plight Despite the glowing pronouncements neapolis, Minn., Ingersoll-Rand Company, of the have-not nations is the simultaneous made by William J. Casey, Chairman of Woodclifl' Lake, N.J., Kaiser Steel Corpora­ explosion of oil prices, damaging their ab1lity the Exim Bank, about the benefits of tion, Oakland, Ca.I., Occidental Petroleum to increase food production by using more giving $180 million of taxpayers' money Corpora ti on, Los Angeles, Cal., Union Car­ fertiUzer, much of which ls made from bide Corporation, New York, N.Y., Union petroleum. to the Soviets at a low 6-percent interest, Tank Car Company, Chicago, Ill., and West­ India, most of whose 580 m1llion people I doubt that many Members of this Con­ inghouse Electric Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. already a.re underfed, is expected to provide gress can agree with the President's The ammonia and urea plants which will a. huge example of a losing battle to feed statement that the deal is a "contribution be located at Togllatti and Kuybyshev, and an uncontrollably growing population. There, to the national interest." the pipeline which wm extend from the plant the once-bright hopes for the green revolu­ I ask: that the related news release and sites to Odessa, are expected to be com­ tion have been overshadowed by the grim newsclipping follow. pleted by December 1978. U.S. exports of arithmetic of a galloping birth rate, domes­ superphosphoric acid are expected to com­ tic inflation and high international prices of [Export-Import Bank Release May 21, 1974] mence sometime in 1978. U.S. imports of food and fuel. U.S. EXPORT SALES OF $400 MILLION PLUS ammonia, urea and potash will begin at the As the country that accounts for 70 per­ ENERGY AND FERTILIZER BENEFITS PROMISED same time. cent of the world's grain exports, much of BY EXIMBANK CREDIT OF $800 MILLION TO The credits are to be repaid in 24 semi­ the responsibility for meeting shortages will THE U .S.S.R. annual installments beginning May 20, 1979, fall on the United States. A lot is riding on WUliam J . Casey, Chairman of Export-Im­ with Eximbank's direct credit of $180 mil­ the expectations of large crops this year and port Bank of the United States, announced Uon to be repaid out of the la.st 12 install­ in years to come. But the nation has only today that the Bank's Directors have author­ ments. The Soviet bank will pay interest on started to think about how to fulfill its ob­ ized a credit of $180 Inillion to the Bank for outstanding balances at an annual rate of ligations under the new set of circumstances. Foreign Trade of the U.S.S.R. (Vneshtorg­ 6% which was the rate Exlmbank charged The free "Food for Peace" program has bank). This credit will not only assist in on its loans when a Preliminary commitment atrophied as the surpluses have dwindled. the export of $400 million of U.S. goods, was issued on this transaction last year. The With customers a.broad ready to pay high but also promises major additional benefits blended interest rate of Eximbank's loan and May 22, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16241 the loans extended by the U.S. commercial Last year, the bank approved a $153 mil­ I am sure that Lee's retirement will banks to Vneshtorgbank will be, at present lion loan for purchase of equipment by the leave a "hole" at the International Asso­ prime rate levels, approximately 7.8% per Russians !or their Kama River truck plant. year. Repayment of Eximbank's credit ls to The fertmzer deal was sponsored with the ciation of Machinists and Aerospace be guti.ranteed by the government of the support of the administration by the Occi­ Workers. However, I know that he will Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. dental Petroleum Corp. continue to be a vital and active partici­ However, Occidental's direct involvement pant in local affairs even while he de­ [From the Washington Post, May 22, 1974] will not begin until around 1978, when it votes more time to his garden and stamp SOVIET LOAN .APPROVED BY EX-IM BANK Will start to trade superphosphoric acid fer­ collection. (By Dan Morgan) tmzer produced in this country !or nitrogen fertmzer produced in the new Soviet plants The U.S. Export-Import Bank, ending built partly with American equipment. months of delays brought about by fear of According to this barter arrangement, the INTERNATIONAL TRADE: WE ARE congressional disfavor, yesterday approved Soviet Union will supply 1.5 m111ion metric MISSING THE BOAT the largest low-interest government loan to tons o! ammonia, 1 million tons o! urea and date for American equipment sales to the a milUon tons o! potash in exchange for a Soviet Union. million tons of superphosphoric acid refined The $180 milUon bank credit wm help fi­ from Occidental's phosphate holdings in HON. LOUIS STOKES nance a $400 mlllion deal to supply eight am­ Florida. OF OHIO monia fertilizer plants, chemical storage fa­ Occidental has announced it will spend cilities, pumping stations, railroad tank cars about half a b11lion dollars in the mining of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and a 1,200-mile pipeline for the Soviet the phosphate and in constructing ships to Wednesday, May 22, 1974 Union. transport the nitrogen fert111zers. The action is sure to raise controversy on A number of American industries have Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I would Capitol Hill, where powerful groups in both provisional contracts to help build the fer­ like to bring to the attention of my col­ houses are seeking to curtail government tilizer plants in the natural gas fields around leagues an excellent article entitled "In­ lending to the Soviet Union. Kuibyshev, on the banks o! the Volga River. ternational Trade: We're Missing the The bank's board of directors acted yes­ A 1,200-mile pipeline from there to the Boat" by Prof. Kenn Rogers that was terday morning after President Nixon inter­ Black Sea port of Odessa w111 transport the vened personally to break the indecision at published in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, chemicals. May 9, 1974. the lending fac111ty. Some administration of­ The United States now produces only 40 ficials confi rmed last week that the credit per cent o! its total ammonia and urea needs. Professor Rogers' analysis is perceptive had been held up to avoid antagonizing Con­ American commercial banks are providing and the article clearly describes the wide gress, which is now considering a measure another $180 million in credits, without gov­ gap between goals and performance in to extend the bank's charter past its June ernment guarantee, and the Soviet Union the area of international economics 30 expiration. wlll make a cash down payment o! the re­ trade development by those charged with There were some indications from officials maining $40 million. that the administration was now satisfied this responsibility in Ohio, in general, that the project had sufficient support in and, especially, in Cleveland. Congress. The emphasis of some groups, such as However, there was no explanation for the LEE NELSON RETIRES the Mayor's Advisory Council on Inter­ timing of the board's action. Some had felt national Trade on public relations, is the President might wait to announce final typical of a trend in government which, approval of the loan until his expected visit HON. DON EDWARDS OF CALIFORNIA on the national scene, was instrumental to Moscow next month. in undermining faith in government. In a letter to bank chairman William J. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Even high quality, clever public relations Casey, received Monday, Mr. Nixon said the Wednesday, May 22, 1974 project would result in balance-of-payments efforts are an inadequate substitute for and trade benefits to the United States, Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. quality, substantive programs and knowl­ would alleviate American fertilizer and en­ Speaker, I would like to take this oppor­ edge. ergy shortages and would contribute to world tunity to recognize Leland L. Nelson, Sr., Dr. Rogers, formerly a professor of food needs. on the occasion of his retirement from business administration at Cleveland He added that the credit "makes exactly State University, is currently a professor the kind of contribution to the national the International Association of Machin­ interest which I envisioned when I made the ists and Aerospace Workers, District No. of psychiatry and organizational psy­ determination on Oct. 18, 1972, that it is 93, San Jose, Calif. Lee has been asso­ chology at the College of Medicine and in the national interest for the Export-Im­ ciated with this organization since 1955, Dentistry of New Jersey. port Bank to finance U.S. exports to the having joined the staff as a kind of second The article is a result of a 6-month Soviet Union." career upon the completion of 19 years survey by Professor Rogers, and I urge A preliminary loan commitment for the my colleagues to read it. highly complex project, which also involves service with the Continental Can Co. a barter-type exchange of chemical fertmzers In both jobs, he earned the respect and The article follows: between the two countries starting in 1978, friendship of literally hundreds of peo­ INTERNATIONAL TRADE: WE'RE MISSING THE was granted by the bank last year. ple from the Santa Clara Valley who had BOAT In the last few weeks, Soviet officials have the privilege of working with him. (By Kenn Rogers) warned that if the United States did not go A native and continuous resident of Ohio, and especially Greater Cleveland, is through with the promised credits, they San Jose, Lee has devoted a great deal desperately in need of jobs, a problem which would have to look to Western Europe, and of time not only to his work but to com­ undoubtedly wm grow in seriousness as re­ Morocco to fulfill Soviet needs. munity activities. He served for many percussions of the energy crisis spread "It got pretty frantic," a bank spokesman throughout industry. Ohio cannot afford to said. "We had nothing but calls from all years as a Cub Scoutmaster and has pass up any opportunity. Unfortunately, the these (American) people who could lose frequently been a member of his church state seems literally to be missing the in­ their contracts (with the Russians) 1f the council. Together with his wife, Louise, ternational trade boat. loan was not approved." he has also been very active in Demo­ Businesses in Greater Cleveland and Ohio In Congress, the credit has become em­ cratic politics, giving unstintingly of his are being exhorted to engage in international broiled in the administration bill to extend talents and enrgies to Governor Brown's trade by the Ohio economic development de­ the charter of the bank another four years reelection campaign in 1966, to the Hum­ partment, Cleveland World Trade Associa­ and expand its lending authority from $20 tion, Greater Cleveland Growth Association billion to $30 billion. phrey presidential campaign in 1968, and to all my own campaigns as well as count­ and other official bodies. Simultaneously, and Hearings on the blll have been completed at considerable expense, they are sending in both houses. However, opponents of Amer­ less others. Over the years he has been ican eonomic concessions are seeking to block a member of many local campaign com­ trade missions around the globe to advance or limit further concessions as the price for Ohio's involvement in international trade. mittees and is as concerned about and Some o! our universities, too, are busily en­ approving the bank's charter. interested in good local government as Among them are supporter of amend­ gaged in the development o! academic pro­ ments to the administration's trade b111 anyone in the Santa Clara Valley. The grams in world trade. which would prohibit any new government fairness and understanding which char­ But these efforts are not being conducted credits or non-discriminatory tariff treat­ acterize all Lee's activities also made him in a way to promise success. ment for the Soviet Union unless it permits an excellent choice for the Santa Clara In recent months I conducted a survey of free emigration. The main concern is for County Selective Service Board on which the methods and 'their underlying rationales Soviet Jews seeking to move to Israel. he is currently serving. used to encourage Ohio, and particularly 16242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE May 23, 1974 Cleveland, firms to engage in international on international exports than does the na­ different organizations compete in advising trade. In the course of this research I had a tion as a whole. Ohio is one of these states Ohio's industry about international trade discussion with a leading member of Mayor in that the industries basic to its economy and their advice tends to be all too often Perk's Advisory Council on International are more export-oriented relative to the in­ mutually contradictory and, worse, inade­ Trade shortly before the latter left on a dustries basic to the United States. Develop­ quate for the degree of detailed knowledge propaganda mission to the Far East, includ­ ment in international trade agreements are of markets and products which we and ing Japan. therefore of considerable significance to the other firms in our industry need to know." The planned sales pitch was stated simply Ohio economy." The other student, a middle-level manager as "Ohio, and particularly Cleveland's, peo­ Having made this point, the report pro­ of an industrial firm, wanting to obtain in­ ple are superior human beings as evidenced vides a series of statistical tables and con­ formation about market conditions related by having produced John Glenn, the first cludes by issuing a warning against pursuing to a popular household appliance in a major American in orbit." When I somewhat in­ efforts. It states: Latin-American country, approached the credulously asked whether this approach "While international exports are signifi­ Greater Cleveland Growth Association. He might not be less than useful, since inter­ cant for economic development and expan­ could not get beyond a receptionist who, af­ orbital feats seem hardly related to interna­ sion, there are some inherent drawbacks of ter listening to his request, "called some­ tional trade and that, moreover, Asians might an economy heavily relying on foreign mar­ one 1n the office who advised me that my possibly consider this boast to contain a kets. The economy is made dependent on best bet would be to consult publications in racial slur, I was met with a nonplussed smile economic conditions abroad. Changes in Cleveland's public library." and a suggestion that I could not be serious­ these conditions will affect demand from Desirous of improving academic offerings or worse, that something might be wrong abroad and therefore the economic activity on international trade at Cleveland State with my patriotism. of the economy in question. The greater the University by stressing special area studies One indicator of the effectiveness of this concentration of industries and the higher important to Cleveland and Ohio industries, approach emerged in an interview with Mr. the export-manufacture ratio, the more vul­ I also contacted the Greater Cleveland T. Izuchi, of the Osaka Chamber of Com­ nerable is the economy to instab111ty in com­ Growth Association. I was given a barrage of merce, who recently was quoted to have said: parison to the East-North Central Region vagaries, more or less covering the globe but "For reasons unknown, we in Osaka have and the nation as a whole." lacking the specificity of their importance to been less concerned with Ohio, and Cleve­ Considering the present domestic energy the present or potential future. land in particular, in relations to trade ... crisis, this bit of conventional wisdom could, These experiences, among others, give cause (I) had known Cleveland only because of the of course, be equally applicable to the do­ for concern for the usefulness of the various Cleveland Orchestra." mestic business of these firms. One wonders organizations supposed to promote Ohio and The essence of the interview unmistake­ what it is which this official Ohio state de­ Cleveland in international trade. It is im­ ably implied that Cleveland is being ignored partment wishes to warn business against. possible to ignore the conclusion that these as a major market for Japanese investment. Perhaps a cardinal reality of business has officials are groping blindly in a maze of fan­ I am as proud as anyone of the magnificent escaped its attention-that business always tasy assumptions, rather than working with Cleveland Orchestra and of John Glenn's operates under uncertainty and that this well-developed programs based on research accomplishment in orbit. However, it seems uncertainty represents one of the major rea­ into successful and unsuccessful trade stra­ rather obvious that these able musicians as sons for legitimizing business' pursuits of tegies and the needs and attitudes of poten­ well as Glenn as astronaut can do precious profits. tial foreign partners in trade. It was alarm­ little to promote international trade for our Experiences of two students enrolled in ing to learn that no one interviewed has industry. my course on international trade tend to sought to know the reasons for lack of suc­ I then extended my inquiry to the Ohio further enhance the suspicion that the vari­ cess. Tliey uniformly stressed their costly Department of Economic and Community ous official organizations concerned with efforts to "put Ohio and Cleveland on the Development. I received a curt reply stat­ Ohio's exports might be less than well pre­ map of international trade." Yet, none of ing that "Our office is not aware of any sur­ pared for discharging their assumed their sales campaigns was based on anything vey of methods encouraging northeastern responsib111ties. that can remotely be called systematic re­ Ohio firms to export their products. We rec­ One student, a senior executive of a search designed for a reasonable chance of ommend that you contact the executive di­ major Cleveland firm engaged in marketing success. rector of the Greater Cleveland Growth As­ and manufacturing precision tools, wanted It is time for Ohio government and in­ sociation since he may know of such a to gather information related to his firm's dustry to decide whether they are serious survey." Following the suggestion, I con­ intention to extend its marketing operation about promoting international trade; and tacted the association and was successively lo Europe's Common Market countries. His if so, to engage in the necessary market and shunted among three executives, none of experience in contact with the relevant attitudinal research based on social and whom was aware of any such research, nor Cleveland and Ohio agencies evokes remi­ behavioral concepts tested in marketing re­ for that matter the need for it. niscences of the film Rashomon. In describ­ search which will arm effective officials Shortly thereafter, I received an official re­ ing some rather exasperating encounters with essential information. port on International and Interstate Com­ with a number of senior officials of these It is time, in other words, for Ohio and merce in Ohio. The report stated in its in­ agencies whose right of existence is to pro­ Cleveland to fish or cut bait in the matter of troductory pages that "Certain regions or vide information services for firms such as capturing world markets for the abundance states in the United States rely more heavily his, he summarized by stating: "Too many of its industrial and agricultural product.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, May 23, 1974 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. good will so come to life in our age that cated to the House by Mr. Marks, one of The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward wars may cease, peace may come, and his secretaries, who also informed the G. Latch, D.D., offered the following cooperation be established among the House that on May 21, 1974, the Presi­ prayer: natio~ on our planet. dent approved and signed bills of the I have fought a good fight, I have fin­ Grant us rest during this weekend and House of the following titles: ished my course, I have kept the faith.­ may we return renewed in b<:>dy, mind, H.R. 6035. An act to amend Public Law II Timothy 4: 7. and spirit. 90-335 (82 Stat. 174) relating to the pur­ In Thy holy name we pray. Amen. chase, sale, and exchange of certain lands O God, our Father, we thank Thee for on the Spokane Indian Reservation; and Thy mercies which are new every morn­ H.R. 5525. An act to declare that certain ing, fresh every day and for this quiet THE JOURNAL mineral interests are held by the United moment when we may be still and know States in trust for the Chippewa Cree Tribe that Thou art God. The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ of the Rocky Boy's Reserv·atlon, Mont. We thank Thee for the coming of ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ another Memorial Day and for the ceedings and announces to the House his sacred memories of valiant men and approval thereof. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE women who fought the good fight, who Without objection, the Journal stands A message from the Senate by Mr. finished their course, and who kept the approved. Sparrow, one of its clerks, announced faith-all in the interest of the welfare There was no objection. that the Senate disagrees to the amend­ of our country. ments of the House to the bill (S. 2830) Give us valiant men and women today entitled "An act to amend the Public who will live and labor for peace, for jus­ MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Health Service Act to provide for greater tice, and for righteousness in our land A message in writing from the Presi­ and more effective efforts in research and and in our world. May a new spirit of dent of the United States was communi- public education with regard to diabetes