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Albert Camus' Biography
Albert Camus’ biography (briefly) Born November 7th, 1913, in Mondovi, a small village in French Algeria where Camus’ great grandfather, originally from Bordeaux in France, had settled in the early 19th century. Camus’ father was a shipping wine clerk and military veteran who died in WW1 when Camus was less than a year old. All he knew of his father was that he had become violently ill after witnessing a public execution. Camus’ mother was illiterate, partially deaf, and poor. After her husband’s death, Camus, his mother and his older brother lived with his maternal uncle and grandmother in a cramped three-room apartment in a working-class area of Algiers where his mother worked in an ammunition factory and cleaned houses. Camus was able to afford elementary school because of his dead father’s veteran status and, although he had recurring health issues, including tuberculosis, he distinguished himself as a student and won a scholarship to the Grand Lycee. There he was an avid reader (Gide, Proust, Verlaine, etc.). In 1932, Camus received his Baccalauréat Degree; in 1933, he enrolled at the University of Algeria for an advanced degree. 1933-1937: Married Simone Hié, divorced her, briefly joined the Communist Party, became disillusioned with it, and was expelled. During this period, he began his theatrical and writing career. 1940s—Married Francine Faure, worked as a journalist in France for the French Resistance newspaper Combat, wrote The Stranger which brought him immediate literary renown, followed by the philosophic The Myth of Sisyphus and became an editor at Gallimard Publishing. -
Revisiting Albert Camus
The Tender Indifference of the World: Revisiting Albert Camus Marilyn MAESO In an innovative study that returns Albert Camus’ early works to their rightful place in the canon, Laurent Bove suggests we should view Camus as a philosopher of immanence and of acquiescence to the joy of the world. This reading is enlightening as far as Camus’ thoughts on history are concerned, but tends to gloss over the ruptures that run though his work, which is driven with multiple tensions. Reviewed: Laurent Bove, Albert Camus. De la transfiguration – Pour une expérimentation vitale de l’immanence, Publications de la Sorbonne, collection « La philosophie et l’œuvre », Paris, 2014. 168 p., €19. Critics often locate the starting point of Camus’ philosophy in his realisation of the meaninglessness of existence (according to this view, his first truly philosophical text is The Myth of Sisyphus, illustrated by its literary counterparts, Caligula and The Outsider). They view his concept of revolt as the exploration of an act of overcoming, of an escape from the Absurd which Camus claims can never be more than a threshold, a state in which nobody can ever remain for very long. This, supposedly, is Camus’ philosophy: a tragic fissure that forcefully turns back on itself, a divorce from the world that leads to a universal fraternity made manifest through revolt. According to this view, texts such as Betwixt and Between and Nuptials, which portray the luminous beauty of Algeria and the treasured places of childhood, cannot be read as anything more than literary essays in which the author is indulging in careless pleasure and contemplation, far below or beyond any philosophical thought. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Amnesty International (2015) Death Sentences and Executions 2014, https://www.amnesty.org.uk/sites/ default/files/death_sentences_and_executions_2014 _ en.pdf, accessed 12 March 2015. Appiah, K. A. (2007) Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (New York: W. W. Norton). Archambault, P. (1972) Camus’ Hellenic Sources (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press). Arendt, H. (1994) Essays in Understandingg (New: York: Schocken Books). Aristotle (1932) Politics, trans. H. Rackham (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press). Aristotle (1976) The Nicomachean Ethics, trans. J. A. K Thomson (London and New York: Penguin Books). Aristotle (2013) Poetics, trans. A. Kenny (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Barthes, R. (1972) Critical Essays (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press). Beck, U. and Sznaider, N. (2006) ‘Unpacking Cosmopolitanism for the Social Sciences: A Research Agenda’, British Journal of Sociology, 57(1), 1–23. Benjamin, W. (1999) ‘Theses on the Philosophy of History’ in Illuminations (London: Pimlico). Brown, G. W. (2009) Grounding Cosmopolitanism: From Kant to the Idea of a Cosmopolitan Constitution (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press). Brown, G. W. and Held, D. (eds) (2010) The Cosmopolitanism Readerr (Cambridge: Polity). DOI: 10.1057/9781137525833.0010 Bibliography Camus, A. (1946–7) ‘The Human Crisis’, Twice a Year, 14–15, 19–33. Camus, A. (1948) The Plague (New York: Vintage Books). Camus, A. (1950) Actuelles I: Chroniques, 1944–1948 (Paris: Gallimard). Camus, A. (1956) The Rebell (New York: Vintage Books). Camus, A. (1957) ‘Nobel Banquet Speech’, 10 December, http://www. nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1957/camus-speech. html, accessed 14 November 2014. Camus, A. (1960) Resistance, Rebellion and Death (New York: Vintage Books). -
Camus and Racism
CAMUS AND RACISM A Thesis / Presented to the Department of Foreign Languages of the Kansas State Teachers College Emporia, Kansas In Partial Fulfillment of the Re~uirements for the Degree Master of Science by Ralph Flowers August 1969 o O"V9Ir6Z i " ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Dr. Vernon French for his inspiration, to Dr. Minnie Miller for her encouragement, and to Dr. David Travis for his advice and assistance in the preparation of this thesis. o TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION . 1 II. THE LIFE OF CAMUS 3 III. CAMUS AND RACISM . 20 1. Sympathetic Concern 21 2. Economic Concern . 25 3. Political Concern•. 31 4. Social Concern • • 37 5. Personal Concern . 43 6. Artistic Concern • 49 IV. CONCLUSIONS 56 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 59 o CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Buried in the works of Albert Camus are a collection of news paper commentaries on the situation of the Arabs in Algeria. These are the Chroniques Algeriennes. l This is a facet of Camus seldom studied--the involvement in the race problem. Sometimes there is the feeling that Camus was not involved in one of the most basic problems of the world today. This problem lies astride the Jordan river, creates a ghetto of every American city, rents assunder the axis of one of the most monolithic political philosophies of history--the axis between China and Russia. This problem, too, tore into the very fabric of Camus' life. He was born; his formative years were spent in a festering sorespot of this problem, Algeria. Algeria! the land of the invincible summer,2 the one place where this problem should not be. -
Copyrighted Material
9781405159302_4_001.qxd 04/07/2008 10:27 AM Page 10 chapter 1 camus’s life ne of Camus’s most fascinating protagonists, Jean-Baptiste Clamence, the self-styled “judge-penitent” of The Fall, proclaims Othat “charm is a way of getting the answer yes without having asked any clear question” (F, p. 56). Camus himself possessed such charm. A handsome man, who might be described as a better-looking version of Humphrey Bogart, Camus looked and lived the part of “the existentialist,” and in many respects he was the very embodiment of the cultural reputation that the intellectual came to have in France following World War II. Unlike most great thinkers, whose personal lives can be easily relegated to a long (or, perhaps, not so long) footnote, Camus lived a fascinating, complicated, and, ultimately, conflicted life. As with all highly accomplished human beings, Camus not only had an interesting mixture of qualities, but the strengths and weaknesses that constituted these qualities were often intertwined. Rightly depicted shortly after his death as “the present heir of that long line of French moralists whose works perhaps constitute what is most original in French letters,”1 he could be insufferably self-righteous. Rightly depicted as a sensualist try- ing to redeem the moment of happiness in a world all too devoid of it, he was a womanizer who could cause unhappiness in those around him, not the least of whom was his wife. And, rightly depicted as someone who was both personally and politically committed, he could be aloof and indifferent. On the whole, however, Camus was an admirable and decent man who, more often than not, evidenced warmth, humor, and a concern for the plight of his fellow human beings, especially the least fortunate. -
Among Paris's Postwar Intellectuals, Albert Camus Stood Apart-Both for His Independence and His Compelling Lucidity
Among Paris's postwar intellectuals, Albert Camus stood apart-both for his independence and his compelling lucidity. Yet few of his admirers knew how different Albert Camus, 1956 Camus was even from the persona that came thi'ough in his early, existential writings. As our author shows, the publication of Camus's last, uncompleted novel brings US closer to the man we barely knew. BY ROBERT ROYAL What they did not like in him was the Algerian. -From The First Man (Notes and Sketches) lbert Camus died in literature's most stunning car crash on January 4, 1960; he had lived in two very different worlds. One extended into the highest reaches of French intellectual and political life and brought him fame and honors, includ- ing the 1957 Nobel Prize for literature. The other was that of the lower- class European workers in the Belcourt quarter of Algiers where Camus was reared, a world of "poverty and sunlight." Even the details of his death reflected his movement between these two worlds. Returning from a vacation in the south of France with Michel Gallimard, scion of the prestigious Parisian publishing family, CAMUS 53 Camus died instantly when Gallimard lost control of his Face1 Vega and struck a tree. (Gallimard died several days later.) Camus's body, accom- panied by only a few family members and close friends, was taken back to the cemetery at Lourmarin, a humble village in Provence where, in the last few years of his life, he liked to write. Camus's deep loyalty to the worlds of high art and simple human existence may be sensed in almost everything he wrote, but nowhere more poignantly than in The First Man, the unfinished manuscript found in his briefcase near the scene of the crash. -
Albert Camus' Presentation of Absurdism As a Foundation for Goodness
Salve Regina University Digital Commons @ Salve Regina Pell Scholars and Senior Theses Salve's Dissertations and Theses 5-2010 Meaningful Meaninglessness: Albert Camus' Presentation of Absurdism as a Foundation for Goodness Maria K. Genovese Salve Regina University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses Part of the Literature in English, North America Commons Genovese, Maria K., "Meaningful Meaninglessness: Albert Camus' Presentation of Absurdism as a Foundation for Goodness" (2010). Pell Scholars and Senior Theses. 60. https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses/60 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Salve's Dissertations and Theses at Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pell Scholars and Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Genovese 1 In 1957, Albert Camus won the Nobel Prize for Literature. By that time he had written such magnificently important works such as Caligula (1938), The Stranger (1942), The Myth of Sisyphus (1942), The Plague (1947), The Rebel (1951), and The Fall (1956). Camus was a proponent of Absurdism, a philosophy that realizes the workings of the world are inherently meaningless and indifferent to the human struggle to create meaning. Absurdism, however, is not a nihilistic philosophy. In The Myth of Sisyphus , The Rebel , and Caligula , Camus offers a foundation of optimism and morality. Albert Camus was born in Algeria on November 7, 1913. His father was killed in World War I in 1914. In 1930, Camus was diagnosed with tuberculosis, thus ending his football (soccer) career and forcing him to complete his studies part-time. -
Proquest Dissertations
"The Plague" in Albert Camus's fiction Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Ast, Bernard Edward Jr., 1963- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 14:03:07 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288839 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the origmal or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter &ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized cop3^ght material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. -
Michael Mackay
Albert Camus: A Rebel with a Cause From impoverished beginnings to an untimely death, Albert Camus continues to steal the attention of readers worldwide. Camus is known as a writer, playwright, actor, philosopher, political activist, and is distinguished by works such as The Stranger and The Fall. While he has received much notoriety for his works and views, little is generally known about the man behind the pen and paper. The philosopher of freedom and absurdity began his life in poverty, excelled as a student, survived a death sentence by tuberculosis, repeatedly committed adultery during his two marriages, acted in the French resistance during World War Two, and participated in many other unique experiences. Using psychoanalytic theory and social learning theory, I intend to illuminate how developmental crises and reinforcements as a child contributed to recurring themes - solidarity, rebellion, absurdity, and the seeking of passive women - in Camus‟ work and personal life. General Biography Albert Camus was born November 7th, 1913, in Mondovi, Algeria. His father, Lucien Camus, was a native of Algeria. His mother, Catherine Sintés, was born and raised in Minorca, Spain and later moved to Algeria. Lucien and Catherine were both impoverished. Lucien worked at a vineyard as a simple farm laborer while Catherine was taking care of Albert and his older brother, Lucien Jean Etienne Camus. Because of poor living conditions in Mondovi, Lucien Camus planned to move his family to Algiers in order to escape the onslaught of malaria (Todd, 2000, p.5). When Germany declared war on France on August 3rd, 1914, Lucien was drafted and shipped off to the front lines of Southern France. -
“The Stranger” and Camus As the Anti-Existentialist Albert Camus
Absurdity & Paradox “The Stranger” and Camus as the Anti-Existentialist Albert CAmus Born in 1913 in French Algeria Second child of Lucien Auguste Camus and Catherine Helene Camus Father was a military veteran and wine-shipping clerk, mother was housekeeper and factory worker Father died in 1914 from shrapnel wounds Camus as a child was told a story about his father becoming violently ill after witnessing a public execution Grew up in poverty Very bright student, won a scholarship to attend secondary school where he learned English and Latin In 1930 a bout of tuberculosis sent Camus away from school to live with his aunt and uncle who were butchers - his uncle was well educated, and an anarchist Earned his Baccalauréat degree in 1932 and went to work as a journalist for Sud 1933-1937 Camus attended further college, married and divorced his first wife, Simone Hié, joined the Communist Party and started his career in theatre 1937 Camus was expelled from the Communist Party 1939 Camus tries to enlist but is rejected due to health 1940 Camus moves to Paris France was invaded, and Camus’ paper began publishing anti-Semitic content 1940 Camus married Francine Faure and returned to Algeria 1942 The Stranger and The Myth of Sisyphus were published and Camus fell ill again 1943 Camus met Maria Casares, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Simone de Beauvoir Camus starts writing anti-Nazi articles for the clandestine Resistance newspaper Combat 1945 Robert Brasillach was executed and Camus cut all ties with the Communist Party 1951 The Rebel was published and Sartre and Camus split 1960 Camus died in a car accident A Man of Paradox: Camus as Anti-Existentialist “I’m not a philosopher, because I don’t believe in reason enough, to believe in a system. -
Seeing Black Lives Matter and the Alt-Right Through an Existential Lens: from Responses to Death to Rebellion and Revolution
SEEING BLACK LIVES MATTER AND THE ALT-RIGHT THROUGH AN EXISTENTIAL LENS: FROM RESPONSES TO DEATH TO REBELLION AND REVOLUTION A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Matthew Stein December 2020 Examining Committee Members: Heath Fogg Davis, Advisory Chair, Political Science Barbara Ferman, Political Science Chloé Bakalar, Political Science Rosalind P. Petchesky, External Member, City University of New York ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the potential existential roots of contemporary American social movements. I extract an existential social movement theory from Albert Camus’s philosophy that can elucidate surprising similarities and tactical differences across ongoing movements. I then apply the theory to Black Lives Matter and the Alt- Right which helps demonstrate that both movements express existential anxiety related to collective, racialized death. The social movement theory also clarifies the movements’ divergent political tactics as Black Lives Matter responds to existential anxiety by collectively acting to relieve immediate Black suffering and death which I argue is a Camusian rebellion. The Alt-Right conversely responds to existential anxiety by directing their energies towards achieving a teleological goal of racial homogeneity which I argue is a Camusian revolution. I use a variety of first-person sources including memoirs, interviews, and undercover exposés to support my thesis that Black Lives Matter and the Alt-Right are both responding to feelings of racialized existential anxiety, although they traverse disparate pathways. While the dissertation is primarily focused on racially motivated social movements, I argue that American environmental activists can learn from, and emulate Black Lives Matter’s tactics. -
N°188 - Albert Camus Et Maria Casarès > Édition Novembre 2017
N°188 - Albert Camus et Maria Casarès > édition novembre 2017 FloriLettres Revue littéraire de la Fondation La Poste Sommaire 02. Édito - Albert Camus et Maria Casarès, Correspondance 03. Entretien avec Catherine Camus 06. Portrait croisé : Camus/Casarès 07. Lettres choisies : Camus/Casarès 09. Marcel Pagnol, Correspondances 11. Dernières parutions 13. Agenda nov.-déc. 2017 hoto et conception graphique N. Jungerman P Édito Albert Camus et Maria Casarès Nathalie Jungerman « Merci à eux deux. Leurs lettres font que la terre est plus vaste, l’espace plus lumineux, l’air plus léger simplement parce qu’ils ont existé. » Par ces mots, Catherine Camus conclut son introduction à la volumineuse, et merveilleuse, correspondance entre Albert Camus et la comédienne Maria Casarès, parue chez Gallimard le 9 novembre et publiée avec le soutien de la Fondation La Poste. Elle a 14 ans lorsque son père meurt dans un accident de voiture le 4 janvier 1960. Michel Gallimard (le neveu de l’éditeur Gaston Gallimard) qui conduisait, succombera à ses blessures. 865 lettres jusqu’alors inédites, et quelques mots sans date, composent cette correspondance amoureuse que Catherine Camus, qui a renoncé à sa carrière d’avocate en 1980 pour se consacrer entièrement à la gestion de l’œuvre de son père, rend publique aujourd’hui. Quand Albert Camus rencontre en 1944 la jeune actrice de 21 ans, originaire de La Corogne (Galice) et fille d’un ancien ministre républicain espagnol en exil, il vit seul à Paris, la guerre l’ayant séparé de son épouse, Francine Faure, repartie en Algérie. Deux ans plus tôt, il publiait L’Étranger et Le Mythe de Sisyphe, Maria Casarès débutait sa carrière.