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Herpetofauna Recorded by a Fauna Rescue Program in a Caatinga Area of João Câmara, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil

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Herpetofauna Recorded by a Fauna Rescue Program in a Caatinga Area of João Câmara, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil 13 5 647 Calixto and Morato ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 13 (5): 647–657 https://doi.org/10.15560/13.5.647 Herpetofauna recorded by a fauna rescue program in a Caatinga area of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Pedro de Oliveira Calixto,1 Sérgio Augusto Abrahão Morato2 1 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Caixa Postal 19020, CEP 81531-980. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. 2 STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda, CEP 80530-260. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Corresponding author: Pedro de Oliveira Calixto, [email protected] Abstract We present an annotated list of herpetofauna for the municipality of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Brazil, in Caatinga domain. The data were obtained through fauna rescue program activities performed during the installation of two wind energy parks. We recorded 10 species of lizards, eight snakes, four amphisbaenids and three anurans. The results obtained present extensions to known geographic distribution for four species (Amphisbaena littoralis, Enyalius bibronii, Epictia borapeliotes and Corythomantis greeningi) and add information to the natural his- tory of the first two species. This constitutes the second list of herpetofauna for RN. Our results show that such studies may contribute useful data on herpetofauna, especially in poorly studied areas. Key words Semi-arid; diversity; reptiles; amphibians; conservation. Academic editor: Ross MacCulloch | Received 15 June 2017 | Accepted 19 August 2017 | Published 20 October 2017 Citation: Calixto PO, Morato SAA (2017) Herpetofauna recorded by a fauna rescue program in a Caatinga area of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Check List 13 (5): 647–657. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.5.647 Introduction 2008, Loebmann and Haddad 2010, Albuquerque et al. 2012, Guedes et al. 2014a, 2014b, Magalhães et al. 2015, The Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome (Tabarelli Caldas et al. 2016, Freitas et al. 2016, Abbeg et al. 2017a, and Silva 2005), is 1 of the 3 semi-arid spaces of South 2017b). This lead to an increase in the amount of pro- America (Ab’Sáber 2003). It is located in northeastern tected areas from less than 2% of Caatinga territory to Brazil and covers about 850,000 km² (Andrade-Lima about 7.5% (Leal et al. 2005, MMA 2016). 1981, MMA 2016). Due to some environmental restric- Among the studies on the herpetofauna in Caatin- tions and its xerophytic condition, it was believed that the biome had a low species richness and endemism ga, Rodrigues (2003) reported 167 taxa, of which 116 for several animal groups (Cordeiro and Hoge 1973, were reptiles (4 testudines, 3 crocodilians, 52 snakes, Vanzolini 1974, 1976, Vanzolini et al. 1980, Mares et 47 lizards, and 10 amphisbaenids) and 51 amphibians (3 al. 1985, Willig and Mare 1989). This conclusion, based caecilians and 48 anurans). Although this list can be rep- on surveys performed several decades ago, proved to be resentative of the groups and the biome, it is out of date. incorrect after recent research and inventories (Rodrigues In the last decade, many surveys were performed and 2003, Arzabe et al. 2005, Borges-Nojosa and Arzabe new species were described, while taxonomic revisions 2005, Borges-Nojosa and Cascon. 2005, Santos et al. revealed endemic taxa (Heyer and Juncá 2003, Borges- Copyright Calixto and Morato. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits un- restricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 648 Check List 13 (5) Figure 1. Map showing the location of the wind energy parks Modelo I and Modelo II in João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Nojosa and Santos 2005, Rodrigues et al. 2006, Arias et at João Câmara, RN, Brazil. This list aims to fill gaps in al. 2011, 2014, Ribeiro et al. 2012, Garda et al. 2013, the knowledge of the herpetofauna in a poorly known re- Cavalcanti et al. 2014, Guedes et al. 2014a, Pires et al. gion of the Caatinga domain and intends to assist propos- 2014, Recorder et al. 2014, Roberto et al. 2014, Andrade als of conservation of local biodiversity. et al. 2016). Despite advances in the knowledge of the Caatinga Methods biota, the fragmentation of the biome by human activities continues and many localities remain unsampled (Cas- Study site. Data collection was part of the fauna rescue telleti et al. 2003, Rodrigues 2003). In RN there are 5 program conducted prior to the construction of wind lists for reptiles and amphibians, 1 for amphibians, 1 for energy parks Model I and Model II (05.427° S, 035.911° squamates reptiles, 2 for lizards and 1 for general herpe- W, 194 m elev., datum SIRGAS2000). The project’s area tofauna (Freire 1996, Delfim and Freire 2007, Freire et al. is 1729.7 ha, located in the rural area of João Câmara, RN 2009, Magalhães et al. 2013, Caldas et al. 2016). (Fig. 1). Installation of the wind energy parks required According to National Biodiversity Policy knowledge removal of about 52 ha of vegetation, or 2.99% of the of biological diversity in areas for occupancy and man- total area. agement is the responsibility of both public and private The study site is located in the “Depressão Sertaneja institutions. Thus, the aim herein is to present a list of Setentrional”, 1 of 8 ecoregions of Caatinga, which has herpetofauna recorded during a fauna rescue program a hot and semi-arid climate with annual average precipi- performed during the installation of 2 wind energy parks tation of 500 to 800 mm (Velloso et al. 2002). The veg- Calixto and Morato | Herpetofauna of the Caatinga of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte 649 etation is characterized as Steppical-Savanna Wooded Results (IBGE 2012). Its topography is flat or slightly undulat- ing with rocky soil and rocky outcrops. Prior to removal The rescue activities resulted in 115 recorded individuals of vegetation, we found 2 distinct vegetation types in belonging to 25 species (Table 1; Figs 2–23), of which the area, characterized by the predominance of arboreal- 3 are Anura (3 individuals) and 22 are Squamata (112 shrubby and arboreal species. Vegetation of the arboreal- individuals). The anurans were Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, shrubby type was composed of smaller trees and shrubs 2002), Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger, 1896, and with bole diameters <8 cm. The height of the canopy did Physalaemus cicada Bokermann, 1966. The Squamata, not surpass 2 m. The most common species were Cro- consisted of 68 lizards in 10 species from 8 families and ton sonderianus Müll. Arg (Marmeleiro), C. campestris 17 snakes in 8 species from 4 families. We recorded 27 St. Hil. (Velame), and Jatropha cf. poliana Müll. Arg. amphisbaenids in 4 species from 1 family. The list of (Pinhão-bravo). The arboreal vegetation was composed species is shown in Table 1. The rarefaction curve (Fig. of larger trees; the most common species were Burs- 24) did not reach the asymptote, indicating that other era leptophloeos Mart. (Imburana-cambão), Myracro- species are expected for the area. Species accounts with druon urundeuva Allemão (Aroeira), Mimosa tenuiflora natural history, diagnosis and notes on distribution are (Willd.) Poir (Jurema), Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. provided below. (Pereiro), and Sapium sp. (Burra-leiteira). There was herbaceous vegetation with abundant bromeliads Bro- Amphibians melia laciniosa Mart. ex Schult. (Macambira), which occurred in sparse groups or formed mantles under ar- Family Bufonidae Gray, 1825 boreal vegetation. Rhinella jimi Stevaux, 2002: Figure 2 Data collection. During the removal of vegetation, we Bufo jimi Stevaux 2002: 19—Kwet et al. 2006: 96; Freire et al. 2009; conducted active searches to locate amphibians and Caldas et al. 2016: 1929. reptiles. The active search consisted of monitoring dur- Chaunnus jimi—Frost et al., 2006: 364. ing and after vegetation removal (using bulldozers and Before the description of R. jimi, the populations of chainsaws). It was conducted 8 hours per day (7:00h to the Brazilian northeast were identified as Bufo paracne- 17:00h) by 2 collectors, between 22 March 2013 and 17 mis (= R. schneideri). Stevaux (2002) described and May 2013, totalling 152 hours per collector. Most of the differentiated R. jimi from other species of the marinus fauna rescue program occurred during the dry season in group using the following characteristics: presence of the Caatinga (March to July). During the period when glands on forearm, on the external side of the foot and the fieldwork was conducted (March to May) the aver- both sides of cloaca; median snout-vent length (SVL) is age local precipitation was only 22.61 mm (Empresa de 147.48 mm in males and 133.8 mm in females (Stevaux, Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte, pers. 2002). No individuals of this common species were col- comm.). Specimens were captured by hand, identified, lected. photographed, and transported out of the immediate area. Captured animals whose welfare was in doubt or Family Hylidae Rafinesque, 1815 that could not be identified in the field were euthanized Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger, 1896: Figure 3 in accordance with resolution no. 301 of December Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger 1896: 405—Carvalho, 1941: 107; 8/2012 (CFBIO 2012). Subsequently, these specimens Jared et al. 2005: 265; Freire et al. 2009; Pombal et al. 2012: 3; were fixed in 10% formol, preserved in 70% alcohol and Caldas et al. 2016: 1929. sent to the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Corythomantis schubarti Miranda-Ribeiro 1937: 56—Miranda-Ribeiro Biosciences Center, Department of Botany, Ecology and 1955: 42. Zoology. Specimens that were observed but not captured The following characters distinguish C. greeningi were not included in the study because of the possibil- from its congener C.
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