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Universidade Federal Da Paraíba UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E DA NATUREZA CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Riqueza e status de conservação de espécies no Campus I da UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil Thiago Oliveira dos Santos Tarcísio Alves Cordeiro Orientador João Pessoa – 2014 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E DA NATUREZA CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Riqueza e status de conservação de espécies no Campus I da UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil Thiago Oliveira dos Santos Tarcísio Alves Cordeiro Orientador Trabalho Acadêmico de conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Curso de Ciências Biológicas do Campus I da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas João Pessoa – 2014 Catalogação na publicação Universidade Federal da Paraíba Biblioteca Setorial do CCEN S237r Santos, Thiago Oliveira dos. Riqueza e status de conservação de espécies no campus I da UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. / Thiago Oliveira dos Santos. – João Pessoa, 2014. 54p. : il. - Monografia (Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas) - Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Tarcisio Alves Cordeiro BS-CCEN/UFPB CDU 574.1(043.2) 1. Biodiversidade. 2. Mata Atlântica. 3. Biologia da conservação. I. Título. BS-CCEN/UFPB CDU 574.1(043.2) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E DA NATUREZA CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Thiago Oliveira dos Santos Riqueza e status de conservação de espécies no Campus I da UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Ciências Biológicas, como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas Data:_________________________________ Resultado: ____________________________ BANCA EXAMINADORA: Prof. Drº Tarcísio Alves Cordeiro UFPB/CCEN/DSE ______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Drª Eliete Lima de Paula Zárate UFPB/CCEN/DSE ______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Drº Celso Feitosa Martins UFPB/CCEN/DSE Dedico esse trabalho a todos aqueles que, como eu, acreditam que é preciso conhecer a biodiversidade. Conhecer para conservar. Dedico-o a todos aqueles que acreditam ser possível uma mudança no quadro de devastação aos ambientes naturais e às espécies que neles habitam, ao fazermos uso de políticas de gestão ambiental. Políticas que se utilizem dos conceitos de conservação e sustentabilidade. Políticas que respeitem todas as formas de vida e que otimizem a perpetuação das diferentes espécies da biota da Terra. AGRADECIMENTOS Em primeiro lugar, agradeço ao onipresente, àquele que tudo sabe, tudo vê e tudo ouve. Em segundo, aos meus pais, Rosângela Cristina e Antônio Gonçalves, por me apoiarem sempre e terem me garantido uma educação que me permitiu chegar até aqui. Agradeço também a minha tia Bernadete Gonçalves por me dar oportunidade de estudar numa boa escola no ensino médio – acho que teria sido mais difícil ter entrado no curso de graduação em Ciências Biológicas se eu não tivesse estudado no CNEC. Agradeço à Comissão de Gestão Ambiental (CGA) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) pela bolsa que me foi dada e também pelo projeto de conhecimento de fauna e flora do Campus I da UFPB do qual me encarregaram, projeto esse que deu origem a essa monografia. Agradeço também ao meu orientador Professor Drº Tarcício Alves Cordeiro pela orientação dada para a elaboração desse trabalho. Agradeço a Diego Machado do GOA (Grupo de Observação de aves da UFPB) por disponibilizar os dados de diversidade da avifauna presente no Campus I. Agradeço a Fagner Delfim da Coleção Herpetológica do Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (DSE) da UFPB pelo acesso aos dados da coleção de herpetofauna do Campus. Agradeço a Carol Nunes, do Laboratório de entomologia do DSE, pelo acesso aos dados de diversidade de apifauna do Campus. Agradeço a todos aqueles que de alguma forma contribuíram para a realização desse trabalho, para a elaboração das listas de espécies do Campus I da UFPB. Agradeço aos meus colegas de curso pela amizade e pelas risadas. Agradeço a Jana, Jean Miguel, Rafa, Sarinho, Dani, Ingrid, Luiz Paulo (boy), Géssica Milam, Simara Maracajá, Yago Queiroz, Jucelinelcia e a tantos outros que passaram por mim e me deixaram alguma lembrança. Agradeço também aos meus professores por auxiliarem na minha caminhada. Agradeço em especial à Eliete Zárate que é não apenas uma ótima professora e excelente coordenadora, mas também uma grande amiga e, por que não dizer, uma verdadeira mãe. Agradeço a todos, que de algum modo, direto ou indireto, tornaram essa monografia possível. RESUMO Diversidade biológica ou biodiversidade refere-se à variedade de vida no planeta. O termo biodiversidade tem sido amplamente empregado. De uma maneira simples o termo é usado como sinônimo de riqueza de espécies, ou seja, o número de espécies que temos numa determinada área de interesse. A Mata Atlântica é um dos 25 hotspots mundiais de biodiversidade e isso resulta em grande parte da sua grande variação latitudinal, das diferenças de altitude e de seus diversos regimes climáticos. O presente estudo visa conhecer a riqueza de espécies no Campus I da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, o qual possui fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica, e também apresentar o status de conservação das mesmas. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica em bases de dados (IUCN e Species Link) e artigos científicos e também de consulta direta no Laboratório de Entomologia, Coleção Herpetológica da UFPB e com o Grupo de Observação de Aves da UFPB (GOA), foi evidenciada uma riqueza de 456 espécies, incluindo plantas, animais e fungos. Destas, um total de 89 espécies se encontram na lista vermelha de risco de extinção da IUCN (União Internacional para Conservação da Natureza). A maioria das espécies do Campus I da UFPB se enquadra na categoria LC da IUCN (aquela que não denota algum grau de risco de extinção). Isso se deve em parte, ao fato de que muitas das espécies que aqui ocorrem são “urbanizadas”, como timbús, sagüis, rolinhas e bem-te-vis, espécies melhor adaptadas ao ambiente antropizado. O Campus I da Universidade Federal da Paraíba possui alguns dos poucos fragmentos remanescentes da Mata Atlântica do nosso Estado, que se destacam pela sua extensão e importância biológica, pois possuem uma biodiversidade considerável. Espera-se um número ainda maior de espécies. A UFPB tornou-se um guardião do pouco que sobrou da Mata Atlântica na Paraíba e por isso precisa, num primeiro momento, conhecer seu patrimônio biológico para poder proteger, manejar e favorecer a presença do maior número possível de espécies da Mata Atlântica, no que lhes permitirem os fragmentos florestais sob sua guarda. Desta forma, visando abrir caminho para a realização de mais estudos e futuras ações acerca de conservação de espécies, reafirma-se a importância de mais prospecções nos fragmentos florestais do Campus I da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Palavras-chave: Biodiversidade; Mata Atlântica; Conservação. ABSTRACT Biological diversity or biodiversity refers to the variety of life on the planet. The term biodiversity has been widely used. In a simple way the it is used as a synonym for species richness, i.e. the number of species that we have in a particular area of interest. The Atlantic Forest is one of 25 global biodiversity hotspots and this is largely due to its large latitudinal variation of height difference and its diverse climate regimes. The present study aims to know the species richness on Campus I of the Federal University of Paraíba, which has forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest, it also presents the conservation status of the same. Through literature search in databases (IUCN and Species Link) and scientific articles as well as direct consultation at the Laboratory of Entomology, Herpetological Collection of the UFPB and the Group Birdwatching of the UFPB (GBW), there was evidence of wealth 456 species, including plants, animals and fungi. Of these, a total of 89 species are on the Red List of endangered IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Most speciesof the Campus I UFPB fall in the category LC IUCN (whichdoes not denote some degree of extinction risk). This is due in part to the fact that many of its species are "urbanized" here, as TIMBU, marmosets, turtledoves and tyrantflycatchers, species best adapted to the anthropic environment. The Campus I of the Federal University of Paraíba has some of the few remaining fragments of the Atlantic Forest in our state, which are distinguished by their length and biological importance, as they have considerable biodiversity. It has been expected an even greater number of species. The UFPB became a guardian of the little that was left from the Atlantic Forest in the state of Paraíba and therefore requires, in a firstm oment, knowing its biological heritage to protect, manageand promote the presence of the larges tpossible number of species of the Atlantic Forest, in that they allow the forest fragment sunder his care. In this way, in order to pave the way for further studies and future actions on conservation of species, reaffirms the importance of more surveys in forest fragments of I Campus of the Federal University of Paraíba. Keywords: Biodiversity; Atlantic Forest; Conservation. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Campus I da UFPB e seus fragmentos de Mata Atlântica............................24 Figura 2 – Fragmentos florestais de domínio do Campus I da UFPB............................25
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