PEACEMAKING, 1919-1920. Tentative Plan of Meetings on 1/30/19

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PEACEMAKING, 1919-1920. Tentative Plan of Meetings on 1/30/19 PEACEMAKING, 1919-1920. Tentative Plan of meetings on 1/30/19. March 11:-- Introduction. From War to Peace. The Armistice of November 11. Paris as tHe site of tHe conference. THe organization of tHe Conference. THe five treaties of peace. The Allied and American delegations. Cameos:--Woodrow Wilson, Edith Wilson, David Lloyd George, Frances Stevenson, Georges Clemenceau. Reading: MacMillan, chaps. 1-4, 12, 21. (70 pp.) March 18:-- The Old Diplomacy and the New. Progressive internationalism, Wilsonian and otHer. The Covenant of tHe League of Nations. Negotiating tHe League at Paris, 1919. THe Interwar History of tHe League, its successes and failures. Cameos:--Wilson redux, RoBert Cecil, Leonard Woolf. Reading: MacMillan, chaps. 5,7,8. (35 pp.) March 25:-- Germany during tHe Paris Peace Conference: Revolution, National Assembly, and tHe Weimar Republic. Russia during the Paris Peace Conference: THe BolsHevik Revolution and tHe Russian civil war. The Allied and U.S. interventions. Cameos:-- Friedrich Ebert, Rosa LuxemBurg, Hugo Preuss, V.I. Lenin, L. Trotsky. Reading: MacMillan, chap. 6. Gerwarth, chaps. 1-2, 6-9. (138 pp.) April 1:-- Anti-German sentiment at tHe end of tHe Great War. THe German issues at the conference: Self- determination, security, and the boundaries of Germany decided in 1919 and tHose altered, by agreement and force, between the wars. Disarmament, reality and revanche. Reparations and war guilt: tHe cHronic issue. Cameos:-- Harold Nicolson, Maynard Keynes, Andre Tardieu, Col. House, Clemenceau redux. Reading: MacMillan, chaps. 13-16. Gerwarth, chap. 13. (70 pp.) April 8:-- The Balkans and tHe states tHat succeeded to tHe Austro-Hungarian Empire. THe predicaments of self-determination versus security and economic viability. National survival between Germany and Russia. FrencH diplomacy between tHe wars. Cameos:-- Joséf Pilsudski, Ignace Paderewski, Edvard Beneš, Tomás, Masaryk, R.W. Seton-Watson. Reading: MacMillan, chaps. 9-11 and 17-20. Gerwarth, chaps. 11-12. (124 pp.) April 15. Italy’s war and Italy’s war aims. Origins of fascism. The Far Eastern issues: tHe growth of Japanese power during and after tHe First World War. Cameos:-- Benito Mussolini, Prince Saonji., Reading: MacMillan, chaps. 22-24. Gerwarth, chaps. 10,14. (91 pp) April 22. The Treaty of Sèvres; Greece, the TurkisH national revolt and the Treaty of Lausanne. THe League of Nation mandates. Britain and France in tHe Middle East, especially Britain and the Palestine Mandate. Cameos:-- Eleutherios Venizelos, Mustafa Kemal, Chaim Weizmann. Arthur Balfour, Gertrude Bell, T.E. Lawrence. Reading: MacMillan, chaps. 25-29. Gerwarth, chaps. 11, 15. (149 pp.) April 29. The Treaty of Versailles: a just outcome of tHe Great War? Could Versailles and tHe related treaties have been the basis for a stable peace? Or, did tHe mistakes of Versailles lead to another war? Where do we see tHe continuing effects of tHe Great War and tHe Peace Conference in our own time? Cameos:-- Ulrich von Brockdorf-Rantzau, Gustav Stresemann, Adolf Hitler, Keynes redux, Etienne Mantoux. Reading: MacMillan, chap 30 and Conclusion. Gerwarth, epilogue. (55 pp.) .
Recommended publications
  • Oxford, 1984); H
    Notes Notes to the Introduction I. K. O. Morgan, Labour in Power, 194~1951 (Oxford, 1984); H. Pelling, The Labour Governments, 194~51 (London, 1984); A. Cairncross, Years of Recovery: British Economic Policy, 194~51 (London, 1985); P. Hen­ nessy, Never Again: Britain, 194~1951 (London, 1992). 2. J. Saville, The Labour Movement in Britain (London, 1988); J. Fyrth (ed.), Labour's High Noon: The Government and the Economy, 194~51 (London, 1993). 3. C. Barnett, The Audit oj War: The Illusion and Reality of Britain as a Great Nation (London, 1986); The Lost Victory: British Dreams, British Realities, 194~1950 (London, 1995). 4. Symposium, 'Britain's Postwar Industrial Decline', Contemporary Record, 1: 2 (1987), pp. 11-19; N. Tiratsoo (ed.), The Altlee Years (London, 1991). 5. J. Tomlinson, 'Welfare and the Economy: The Economic Impact of the Welfare State, 1945-1951', Twentieth-Century British History, 6: 2 (1995), pp. 194--219. 6. Hennessy, Never Again, p. 453. See also M. Francis, 'Economics and Ethics: the Nature of Labour's Socialism, 1945-1951', Twentieth­ Century British History, 6: 2 (1995), pp. 220--43. 7. S. Fielding, P. Thompson and N. Tiratsoo, 'England Arise!' The Labour Party and Popular Politics in 1940s Britain (Manchester, 1995), pp. 209- 18. 8. P. Kellner, 'It Wasn't All Right,Jack', Sunday Times, 4 April 1993. See also The Guardian, 9 September 1993. 9. For a summary of the claims made by the political parties, see J. Barnes and A. Seldon, '1951-64: 13 W asted Years?', Contemporary Record, 1: 2 (1987). 10. V. Bogdanor and R.
    [Show full text]
  • Harold Nicolson
    july 1936 Has Britain a Policy? Harold Nicolson Volume 14 • Number 4 The contents of Foreign Affairs are copyrighted.©1936 Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution of this material is permitted only with the express written consent of Foreign Affairs. Visit www.foreignaffairs.com/permissions for more information. FOREIGN AFFAIRS Vol. 14 JULY 1936 No. 4 HAS BRITAIN A POLICY? By Harold Nicolson a ?D how," inquired visitor to Sans Souci in 1768, "how would Your Majesty define the English system ?" "The English," snapped Frederick the Great, "have no system." events to The of the last six months might appear confirm this apophthegm. to Yet is it reasonable suppose that the greatest Empire which the world has ever known has in fact been maintained, as well as a created, in mood of absent-mindedness? Can it be seriously contended that this little dot of land to the west of an Asiatic mere unconscious and con peninsula has, by cerebration, spread one solidated of the few enduring civilizations in human history? as vast as Is it really credible that responsibilities those which have been inherited by the present generation of islanders have not some some imposed theory of policy, habit of extroverted more mind? These habits may be little than congenital instincts. are as as Yet what those instincts? Are they valid today they were before the war ?Has the establishment of democratic control of foreign policy rendered these instincts sectional and confused? Is Great Britain abandoning her former directives ?Or is the pres ent of volatile confusion transitional and occasioned stage merely only by sudden shiftings in the balances of European power? are Such the questions which impose themselves today and which, in this article, I shall endeavor to examine.
    [Show full text]
  • Bilateral Summit Diplomacy in Western European and Transatlantic Relations, 1956–63
    02_EHQ 31/3 articles 3/7/01 10:13 am Page 427 Jeffrey G. Giauque Bilateral Summit Diplomacy in Western European and Transatlantic Relations, 1956–63 During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, innovations in transportation and communication facilitated the revival of an old diplomatic tool: summit meetings and personal contacts between heads of state and government. Meetings of sovereigns go back centuries, but with the development of the modern state system and diplomatic practice from the fifteenth century, meet- ings of leaders had become less important in relations between states. Resident ambassadors and foreign-ministry professionals took on the central roles in diplomacy. However, this practice began to break down in turn during the nineteenth century. Reliable rail travel made it convenient for European leaders to meet on occasion, and some, including Napoleon III, made regular use of the practice. The telegraph and telephone also facilitated greater diplomatic centralization. Prior to these inventions, it could take weeks or months for ambassadors to receive new instructions from their governments. As a result, they had considerable autonomy and policy-making authority as they responded to developments in foreign capitals. However, the development of rapid means of communication gradually reduced many ambassadors from policy-makers to symbolic representatives of their countries and transmitters of messages. All of these changes were consolidated after the First World War when Woodrow Wilson’s ‘new diplomacy’ called all existing diplomatic practice into question while Wilson and other govern- ment leaders travelled to Paris to negotiate the peace settlement personally. Wilsonian diplomacy posited that public meetings of government leaders were a more democratic means of diplomacy European History Quarterly Copyright © 2001 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 PARIS 1919 Study Guide About The
    PARIS 1919 Study Guide About the Film Inspired by Margaret MacMillan’s landmark book, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed The World, this film takes viewers inside the Paris Peace Conference offering a compelling reflection on post‐WWI history and how the decisions made during those six fateful months in 1919 continue to haunt us, for better or worse. In January 1919, Paris became the centre of the world. Armistice had been declared just a few months earlier in the most devastating war of all time. Almost ten million were dead. Two empires had collapsed. The old world order lay in tatters and a new one desperately needed to be created. Driven by unprecedented urgency, delegations from over 30 nations descended upon Paris for the most ambitious peace talks in history. The French capital became the destination of emirs and presidents, newsmen and royalty, ambitious socialites and enterprising arms dealers, each with their own agenda. At the helm of the conference were the “Big Four” of the allied victors: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George and Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando. They endeavoured to engineer a peace treaty for all time. While the Big Four staggered under this mind‐boggling agenda, separate committees assessed war reparations and realigned national borders, forming new countries such as Iraq and Yugoslavia with little chance for reflection. Meanwhile, the streets were teeming with starving widows and war amputees – and Germany was rearming. In viewing Paris 1919 audiences will gain insight into the monumental task that lay before the Big Four and their diplomatic teams, the lasting legacies that were accomplished in the peace settlement, and the inherent weaknesses of the Paris Peace Conference.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Comptes rendus / Book Reviews 837 topics we learn more from Where Is My Home? than from anywhere else. It is particularly gratifying to read a work of impartiality and balance. On the one hand, Stolarik makes no secret of his Slovak patriotism, in particular when it comes to Slovak and Czech relations in the former Czechoslovakia which as a state—whether non-Communist in the interwar years, or Communist from 1948 to 1989—did not respond adequately to Slovakia’s legitimate demands for self- rule. On the other hand, he deals even-handedly with what he describes as the three basic political orientations among Slovaks in North America: the Slovak nationalists, the Czechoslovaks, and the Communists. A major underlying theme of Where Is My Home? is applicable to many immigrant groups in North America? Namely, that they are quintessentially North American in the sense that they have functioned largely as a community or communities with common interests that unite them, regardless of the fact that they may live in the United States or in Canada. Educated and professionally employed in both countries, M. Mark Stolarik was poised better than anyone to write a history of North American Slovak immigration. We are all grateful that he has taken up the challenge and done it so well. Paul Robert Magocsi University of Toronto THOMPSON, Neville – Canada and the End of the Imperial Dream: Beverley Baxter’s Reports from London through War and Peace, 1936-1960. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2013. Pp. 394. In a 1931 BBC radio broadcast entitled “That Commonwealth Feeling,” the British diplomat, politician, and writer Harold Nicolson declared that the dominions had recently “began to emerge above our horizon as something unaccountable, as something forlorn and strange and powerful; as something mysterious, compelling, imminent”(Harold Nicolson, People and Things: Wireless Talks, London, 1931, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Sissinghurst Castle Garden
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 8 Dec 8 2017 Sissinghurst Castle Garden Of all the famous English gardens, Sissinghurst is perhaps the most familiar because of one of the gardens of note it contains: the White Garden. This is just one of ten distinct garden “rooms,” each with a different feel, built around the remnants of a once-grand Elizabethan manor house. The gardens were created in the 1930’s by Vita Sackville-West and her husband Sir Harold Nicolson – he a diplomat turned reviewer, she a writer, poet and newspaper columnist – on this ancient site in the Weald of Kent southeast of London. The gardens are Sissinghurst Castle Garden. set off by a tall tower of pale pink brick which captivated Vita when she fi rst saw Sissinghurst; she wrote some 20 books in the Tower room and it remained her refuge until her death at age 70. The site, whose name derives from a Saxon clearing in the woods, has been settled since the late 12th century. During the early middle ages a stone manor house surrounded by a moat (of which three arms remain) was built. After the property was purchased by the Baker family in the 1400’s, the old medieval manor house was demolished and replaced with a grand mansion. The Elizabethan manor house, based on a double courtyard, and tower were built by Sir Richard Baker during 1560- 70. The imposing archway and Gatehouse were added later. By the mid 1600’s Sissinghurst was neglected, and remained so Countryside around Sissinghurst.
    [Show full text]
  • Sissinghurst Castle Garden - En Arts -And -Craftsträdgård
    Sissinghurst Castle Garden - En arts -and -craftsträdgård Författare: Jessica Janeblad SJÄLVSTÄNDIGT ARBETE VID LTJ-FAKULTETEN Fakulteten för Landskapsplanering, Trädgårds- och Jordbruksvetenskap Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet Trädgårdsingenjörsprogrammet, Alnarp, 2010 10hp Grundnivå SLU, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Författare: Jessica Janeblad Titel på svenska: Sissinghurst Castle Garden, En Arts and Craftsträdgård Titel på engelska: Sissinghurst Castle Garden, Arts and Crafts garden Nyckelord: Trädgårdshistoria, Sissinghurst Handledare: Hanna Fors, SLU, Område Landskapsutveckling Examinator: Mark Huisman, SLU, Området Landskapsutveckling Kurstitel: Examensarbete för trädgårdsingenjörer med designinriktning Kurskod: EX0357 Omfattning: 10hp Nivå: Grund AB Utgivningsort: Alnarp Mars 2010 Omslagsbild: Tornet på Sissinghurst. Fotograf: Karin Svensson Elektronisk publicering: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Sammanfattning Sissinghurst är en vacker trädgårdsanläggning som ligger i grevskapet Kent i sydöstra Storbritannien. Syftet med detta arbete var att studera Sissinghursts historia, design och växtslag men även att undersöka vad som gör Sissinghurst till en typisk arts -and -craftsträdgård. Trädgården köptes på 1930-talet av skriftställaren och diplomaten Harold Nicolson och författarinnan Vita Sackville-West. En ordentlig upprustning gjordes av Sissinghurst och sedan skapade de tillsammans den mest berömda och besökta arts -and -craftsträdgården i England. Trädgården användes som om den hade varit ett hus. Övre gården utgör hallen där höjdpunkten är den purpurröda rabatten med blad som har en silvergrå nyans. Vita trädgården är matsalen som är det mest berömda trädgårdsrummet på Sissinghurst. Den innehåller bara vita blommor med ett inslag av ljust rosa. Cottage-trädgården är ett extra vardagsrum som Harold Nicolson och Vita Sackville-West kallade för ”vår egen lilla trädgård”. Lindallén är ett långt galleri och detta var Harold Nicolsons mästerverk. Denna del hade han skapat helt på egen hand och det är i Lindallén det blommar först på våren.
    [Show full text]
  • Churchill's Evolution As a Statesman-Writer • Belloc at Large
    Spring 2013 | Volume 4 | Issue 1 The Magazine of the National Churchill Museum churchill's evolution as a statesman-writer belloc at large annual enid and r. crosby kemper lecture the writer's colleagues Board of Governors of the Association of Churchill Fellows James M. Schmuck MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Chairman & Senior Fellow Wildwood, Missouri A.V. L. Brokaw, III St. Louis, Missouri Greetings from a distinctly Robert L. DeFer chilly Fulton. For the first Chesterfi eld, MO time in my eight years at the Earle H. Harbison, Jr. St. Louis, Missouri Churchill Museum, our William C. Ives Churchill weekend in early Chapel Hill, North Carolina March was framed by heavy R. Crosby Kemper, III snow on the ground. Kansas City, Missouri Barbara D. Lewington undeterred, however, in true St. Louis, Missouri Churchillian fashion the Richard J. Mahoney weekend went ahead and St. Louis, Missouri Jean-Paul Montupet laid down a marker to be one St. Louis, Missouri of the best in recent memory. William R. Piper St. Louis, Missouri A packed Church of St Mary Suzanne D. Richardson St. Louis, Missouri for Professor Peter Clarke’s The Honorable Edwina Sandys, M.B.E. lecture and a similarly well New York, New York attended brunch bore ample Lady Mary Soames L.G., D.B.E. testimony to what really was London, U.K. Linda Gill Taylor a wonderful weekend all Edgerton, Missouri PHOTO BY DAK DILLON around. The induction of John C. Wade new Churchill Fellows and Wildwood, Missouri Hjalma E. Johnson, Emeritus large turnout of Westminster students — many thanks especially to the Dade City, Florida Delta Tau Delta and Kappa Alpha fraternities in particular — added an John R.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomacy [Harold Nicolson]
    CogitoPraxis BOOK REVIEW Diplomacy Harold Nicolson reveals the principles of professionalism by Nicholas Dungan Sir Harold George Nicolson KCVO CMG was the product of a patrician Victorian and Edwardian background and upbringing. The son of a future ambassador and the grandson of an admiral, he was born in Persia, where his father, later The Lord Carnock, was chargé d’affaires at the British Embassy. Nicolson spent his childhood, inter alia, in Tehran, Budapest, Constantinople and Tangiers. He went away to school in England and attended Wellington College before going up to Oxford to study at Balliol, from which he graduated in 1907. Two years later he entered the Foreign Office and after the Great War was a member of the British delegation to the Paris Peace Conference which resulted in the Treaty of Versailles and became the subject of his book Peacemaking 1919. During twenty years as a diplomat, then as a journalist and member of Parliament, he wrote prolifically throughout his whole life, including the official biography of King George V, which earned him his knighthood. He was married to the outrée and aristocratic Vita Sackville-West—both Harold and Vita engaged in affairs but Vita’s were legend—and, despite the ups and downs of their marriage, they remained intensely devoted to and supportive of each other, as recorded in their quotidian correspondence and in their son Nigel’s Portrait of a Marriage. They also created together the splendid gardens at Sissinghurst. The diplomat writes Diplomacy In 1939, Harold Nicolson published a short, highly readable, immensely informative and impressively authoritative review of the practice of international affairs, entitled simply Diplomacy.
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF EPUB} Sissinghurst Portrait Eines Gartens by Vita Sackville-West Sissinghurst Portrait Eines Gartens by Vita Sackville-West
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Sissinghurst Portrait eines Gartens by Vita Sackville-West Sissinghurst Portrait eines Gartens by Vita Sackville-West. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 6604a20e6b5bc26d • Your IP : 116.202.236.252 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. The Shop at Sissinghurst Castle Garden. Good stories are at the heart of everything we do. Moments of history shape who we are, and we want to bring some of that to life in the shop. Former residents who were steeped in literature and Lady Sackville's influence on Vita, these are a few of the stories that influence our products. Bristol Blue. Vita’s love of the rich colour of Bristol Blue Glass may have been influenced by her mother who was fond of decorating her homes in the Persian style, which featured yellows, orange and blue. Originally this Blue Glass was developed in the 18th century by a Bristol potter, Richard Champion.
    [Show full text]
  • Travel Writing Additional Reading
    Travel Writing Additional Reading “To the Royal Geographic Society", Punch, June 10, 1893 A lady an explorer? A traveler in skirts? The notion’s just a trifle too seraphic. Let them stay at home and mind the babies, Or hem our ragged shirts; But they mustn’t, can’t and shan’t be geographic! — Anonymous verse in Punch Page | 1 Contemporary poem on travellers - “Postcard from a Travel Snob” by Sophie Hannah I do not wish that anyone were here. This place is not a holiday resort with karaoke nights and pints of beer for drunken tourist types – perish the thought. This is a peaceful place, untouched by man – not like your seaside-town-consumer-hell. I’m sleeping in a local farmer’s van – it’s great. There’s not a guest house or hotel within a hundred miles. Nobody speaks English (apart from me, and rest assured, I’m not your sun-and-sangria-two-weeks- small-minded-package-philistine-abroad). When you’re as multi-cultural as me, your friends become wine connoisseurs, not drunks. I’m not a British tourist in the sea; I am an anthropologist in trunks. Page | 2 Foot Notes: Reflections on Travel Writing, Dervla Murphy The Wilson Quarterly (1976-), Vol. 16, No. 3 (Summer, 1992), pp. 122-129 Page | 3 Page | 4 Page | 5 Sir Richard Burton (1821-1890) The Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Mecca, 1885 Burton was a phenomenal linguist, who over the course of his life mastered more than forty languages and dialects. He worked for the British Army in India, where he learned to disguise himself with ease.
    [Show full text]
  • Churchill and Britain's 'Financial Dunkirk'
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Churchill and Britain's 'Financial Dunkirk' AUTHORS Toye, Richard JOURNAL Twentieth Century British History DEPOSITED IN ORE 08 February 2008 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10036/17792 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication CHURCHILL AND BRITAIN’S ‘FINANCIAL DUNKIRK’ RICHARD TOYE ABSTRACT: At the end of World War II the United Kingdom, on the verge of bankruptcy, was threatened with ‘a financial Dunkirk’. Winston Churchill was eager to help the new Labour government tackle this crisis. However, his ability to give such help, in his position as Leader of the Opposition, was constrained by important divisions within his own party. These caused him considerable political difficulties as 1945 came to a close, prompting a major Conservative rebellion against his leadership on the question of the proposed US loan to Britain. Yet, in spite of his discomfiture on this issue in the domestic sphere, he went on, during his 1946 trip to the USA, to play a key role in overcoming congressional opposition to the loan. Moreover, he did so in close collaboration with Clement Attlee’s government. In reciprocating the spirit of unity that Labour had showed in 1940, Churchill revived, during Britain’s ‘financial Dunkirk’, the spirit and the ethos of the original. Using previously unpublished evidence, this article tells the story in full for the first time.
    [Show full text]