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Dipsacale Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Amborellales Dipsacale Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Acorales G G Eenzaadlobbigen Alismatales D Petrosaviales Pandanales w Dioscoreales D Liliales Asparagales o a Arecales Dasypogonales P Poales G Commeliniden G H Commelinales Zingiberales d ( Ceratophyllales A Chloranthales Z Gewone vlier D Canellales Piperales zijn, vormen het meest opvallen G Magnoliiden G Magnoliales tot sterk 2-zijdig symmetrisch, m Laurales Ranunculales Sabiales Proteales Trochodendrales Buxales Gunnerales Berberidopsidales Dilleniales Caryophyllales Santalales Saxifragales G Geavanceerde tweezaadlobbigen G Vitales Crossosomatales Geraniales Myrtales Zygophyllales Celastrales Malpighiales Gelderse roos G Fabiden G Oxalidales Fabales Rosales Cucurbitales Fagales Brassicales G G Malviden Malvales Sapindales Cornales Ericales G Asteriden G Garryales G Lamiiden G Gentianales Solanales Lamiales Aquifoliales G G Apiales Campanuliden Adoxaceae Dipsacales Caprifoliaceae 26 Asterales Dipsacales De orde Dipsacales is al vrij lang een goed omschreven groep, waarvan duidelijk is welke geslachten erin thuis horen. Dit wordt ondersteund door moleculaire kenmerken, namelijk overeenkomsten in de basenvolgorde van de ndhF-, rbcL-, atpB- en 18S-genen. Probleem is nog steeds de indeling in families. Hier is ervoor gekozen om slechts 2 families te onderscheiden: de Muskuskruidfamilie (Adoxaceae) en de Kamperfoeliefamilie (Caprifoliaceae). Alles bij elkaar telt deze orde ongeveer 1000 soorten. Ze komen voornamelijk op het Noordelijk Halfrond voor. Gewone vlier De tegenoverstaande bladeren, die vaak met elkaar verbonden zijn, vormen het meest opvallende kenmerk. De bloemen variëren van regelmatig en 5-tallig tot sterk 2-zijdig symmetrisch, met een kleiner aantal meeldraden en slechts 1 zaad per vrucht. Dipsacales I Mus The order Dipsacales has been a well-defined group for a long time, of De Mus which the composition is clear. This is supported by molecular data, Sneeuw similarities in the base sequences of the ndhF-, rbcL-, atpB- and De Mus kruiden 18S-genes. Noorde However, there are uncertainties in the circumscription of the families, Ze hebb and some genera recently switched from one family to another. In this garden the Dipsacales are divided in two families, Adoxaceae and Caprifoliaceae. The order as a whole contains about 1000 species. They mainly occur in the Northern Hemisphere. The most characteristic feature is the opposite leaves, which are often joined at the base. The flowers vary from regular and 5-merous to strongly zygomophic, in extreme cases Gelderse roos with only 1 anther, and 1 seed per fruit. V M Adoxaceae Caprifoliaceae Muskuskruid Bloem I Muskuskruidfamilie (Adoxaceae) De Muskuskruidfamilie herbergt nu ook de geslachten Vlier (Sambucus) en Sneeuwbal (Viburnum), die vroeger in de Kamperfoeliefamilie werden geplaatst. De Muskuskruidfamilie omvat nu 5 geslachten en ongeveer 200 soorten. Het zijn kruiden of struiken, of zelfs bomen, die voorkomen in gematigde gebieden van het Noordelijk Halfrond en in tropische gebergten, maar niet in Afrika. Ze hebben tegenoverstaande, getande bladeren die enkelvoudig zijn of samengesteld. De bloeiwijze is vaak veelbloemig en afgeplat. De bloemen zijn meestal 5-tallig, maar soms 4-tallig. De vrucht is een steenvrucht. Viburnum foetens, bloem De meest bekende struiken uit deze familie zijn de Vlier (Sambucus) en Sneeuwbal (Viburnum), waarvan de Vrl. bloem laatste een erg populaire tuinplant is. Het grappigste plantje is Muskuskruid (Adoxa moschatellina), met een kubusvormige bloeiwijze – een voorjaarsbloeier die in Nederland in het wild voorkomt. Mnl. bloem Vrucht Sambucus australis Ver I Kamperfoeliefamilie ( Deze familie omvat tegenw Bloem Morinaceae, de Valeriaanfa (Dipsacaceae), naar wie de familie die ongeveer 40 ge (Sambucus) en houtige planten, waaronde ie werden geplaatst. De bladeren zijn tegenove 200 soorten. Het zijn zijn opvallend, en staan va tigde gebieden van het De bloemen zelf zijn 4-5-ta Afrika. de Composietenfamilie. De udig zijn of samengesteld. Van de houtige leden van geplat. De bloemen zijn en de Sneeuwbes (Sympho vrucht is een steenvrucht. Viburnum foetens, bloem V De meest bekende struiken va uit deze familie zijn de Vlier K (Sambucus) en Sneeuwbal Su Linnaeusklokje (Viburnum), waarvan de laatste een erg populaire tuinplant is. Uit de vroegere Valeriaanfamilie kent iedereen Het grappigste plantje is officinalis), een plant met een eigenaardige ge Muskuskruid (Adoxa wortelstok wordt valeriaantinctuur bereid. moschatellina), met een kubusvormige bloeiwijze – een voorjaarsbloeier die in Nederland in het wild voorkomt. Rode spoorbloem Kleine valeriaan Verschillende soorten Kamperfoelie I Kamperfoeliefamilie (Caprifoliaceae) Deze familie omvat tegenwoordig de families Diervillaceae, Linnaeaceae, Morinaceae, de Valeriaanfamilie (Valerianaceae) en zelfs de Kaardenbolfamilie (Dipsacaceae), naar wie deze hele orde is vernoemd. Het is nu een erg diverse familie die ongeveer 40 geslachten en bijna 900 soorten omvat. Het zijn kruiden of houtige planten, waaronder ook klimmers. De bladeren zijn tegenoverstaand en enkelvoudig, soms ingesneden. De bloemen zijn opvallend, en staan vaak in hoofdjes gerangschikt. De bloemen zelf zijn 4-5-tallig, en heel anders van vorm dan die in de hoofdjes van de Composietenfamilie. De vrucht is een bes of steenvrucht. Van de houtige leden van deze familie zijn de Kamperfoelie (Lonicera) en de Sneeuwbes (Symphoricarpos) het bekendst, ook als tuinplanten. Van de kruiden zijn de vroegere leden van de Kaardenbolfamilie, namelijk de Kaardenbol (Dipsacus), Knautia en Succisa het bekendst. Linnaeusklokje Uit de vroegere Valeriaanfamilie kent iedereen wel de Valeriaan (Valeriana officinalis), een plant met een eigenaardige geur waar katten dol op zijn; uit de wortelstok wordt valeriaantinctuur bereid. Rode spoorbloem Kleine valeriaan Sneeuwbes, bloem Morina persica De Kaardenbol en het Leidse Laken De Grote kaardenbol (Dipsacus fullonum) heeft een stekelige bloeiwijze, die gebruikt kan worden om wol te kaarden: de ruwe wol moet worden gekamd, zodat de vezels allemaal dezelfde kant op komen te liggen. Zo kan er gemakkelijk mee gesponnen of geweven worden. Hiervoor werd vroeger trouwens vooral de Weverskaarde (Dipsacus sativus) gebruikt, een plant die al eeuwenlang wordt gekweekt en waarvan de herkomst niet bekend is. Waarschijnlijk hadden de kaarders tijdens de hoogtijdagen van de Leidse lakenindustrie hier al wel een ander werktuig voor. Linnaeaceae, Kaardenbolfamilie Een eigenaardigheid van de Grote nu een erg diverse kaardenbol is dat de tegenover- vat. Het zijn kruiden of staande bladeren aan de basis met elkaar verbonden zijn, zodat ze rond de stengel een bakje vormen, esneden. De bloemen waarin regenwater kan blijven staan. De wetenschappelijke naam n die in de hoofdjes van Dipsacus is afgeleid van de Griekse naam voor deze plant, die weer verwijst naar het Griekse woord voor dorst, e (Lonicera) dipsa. De Kaardenbol is dus ook een dorstlesser. inplanten. Wie eenmaal een Grote kaardenbol in zijn tuin heeft, raakt deze plant niet gemakkelijk meer kwijt. den Kaardenbollen produceren veel zaad, waar in de k de winter puttertjes op af komen. The Teasel and the cloth industry in Leyden e The Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) has a spiny inflorescence that may be used as a comb to tease wool. Combing the unprocessed wool makes all fibers lie in the same direction, so that spinning or weaving becomes easier. In the past, another species, Dipsacus sativus, was used for his purpose, a plant that has been in cultivation for ages, and of which the origin is unknown. During the heyday of cloth making in Leyden, labourers probably had man- made tools to perform this task. A peculiarity of the Teasel is that the opposite leaves are joined at the base, forming a basin round the stem, in which rain water may remain for quite a long time. The scientific name, Dipsacus, is derived from the Greek name for this plant, which refers to the Greek word for thirst, dipsa. The Teasel is thus regarded as a thirst quencher. Once a Teasel grows in your garden, you’ll never get rid of it. Teasels produce Morina persica many seeds, on which goldfinches will feed in winter..
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