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November 15-17, 2008, Kathmandu, Nepal i International Conference on Hydrology and Climate Change in Mountainous Areas November 15-17, 2008, Kathmandu, Nepal Organized by Society of Hydrologists and Meteorologists (SOHAM-Nepal), Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM-Nepal), and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGISTS AND METEOROLOGISTS P. O. Box 11444, Kathmandu, Nepal Emails: [email protected], [email protected] Website: http://www.soham.org.np Telephone/Fax: +977-1-4251921 ii Society of Hydrologists and Meteorologists – Nepal Editors Kiran Shankar Yogacharya Mr. Jagat Kumar Bhusal Dr. Laxmi Prasad Devkota Mr. Suresh Marahatta Mr. Dhiraj Pradhananga Copyright © 2008 by SOHAM – Nepal Copy : 500 Price : Nepal : Individual NRs. 100.00, Institution NRs. 200.00 SAARC Countries : US $ 4.00 Other Countries : US $ 10.00 Layout and Design Kirti Janardan Joshi 9841 286771 Printed by The Rising Sun Printers Teku, Kathmandu Ph. 4 243557 Note: Authors are solely responsible for their papers and results. Any comments/remarks should be made directly to the authors. iii International Conference on Hydrology and Climate Change in Mountainous Areas November 15-17, 2008, Kathmandu, Nepal Jointly Organized by Society of Hydrologists and Meteorologists –Nepal (SOHAM-Nepal) Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Organizing Committee Chairman Mr. Kiran Shankar Yogacharya, SOHAM-Nepal Co-chairman Mr. Nirmal Hari Rajbhandari, Director General, DHM Members Dr. Janak Lal Nayava , Mr. Suresh Marahatta, Mr. Deepak Poudel Ex-Chairman, SOHAM-Nepal RECHAM Consult NDMF Dr. Laxmi P. Devkota, Mr. Tek Bahadur Chhetri, Dharmendra P Rajbhandari NDRI CDHM RECHAM Consult Mr. Damodar Bhakta Shrestha Mr. Ngamindra Raj Dahal Nepal Electricity Authority NTNC Contact & Conference Secretariat Dr. Lochan P. Devkota, Ms. Sarojani Pradhan Mr. Jagat K. Bhusal, CDHM TU Trichandra Campus TU Member-Secretary, Mr. Om Ratna Bajracharya, Mr. Dhiraj Pradhannanga Organizing Committee DHM Trichandra Campus TU Mr. Dhiraj Pradhannanga Mr. Mani Ranta Shakya, Mr. Shiva P Nepal General Secretary, SOHAM-Nepal DHM DHM Ms. Bibhuti Pokhrel Mr. Saraju Kumar Baidya, Secretary to the Convener DHM Scientific Committee Chairman Members – National Dr. Laxmi P. Devkota, Prof. Suresh Raj Chalise Prof. K. B. Thapa, NDRI Advisor, SOHAM-Nepal CDHM,TU Dr. Lochan P. Devkota, Co-Chairman Dr. Madan Bahadur Basnyat, CDHM TU Dr. Madan L. Shrestha, Freelance Consultant Dr. Prem Chandra Jha, Academician, NAST Dr. Arun B. Shrestha, IOE, TU Co-Chairman ICIMOD Dr. Narayan P. Chaulagain Prof. Dr. Bidur Prasad Upadhyay Dr. Rijan B. Kayastha, PEEDA Ex-Chairman, SOHAM-Nepal KU Members – International Dr. Bhanu R. Neupane Prof. Dr. N. I. Alexeyevskiy, Prof. A. Herman UNESCO Russia Germany Prof. Gordon Young Dr. Adam Lajczak Dr. QIN Dahe Canada Poland China Advisory Committee Chairman Members Mr. Adarsha P. Pokhrel, Mr. Isowrshing Thapa, Joint Secretary Director General, DWIDP Ex-Charirman, SOHAM-Nepal MOEST Director General, DOED Director General, DOI Mr. Sheetal Babu Regmi Co-Chairman Managing Director, NEA Joint Secretary MOWR Prof. Dr. P. K. Jha, Member Secretary, NTNC CDB, TU Prof. Dr. Jeewan Shrestha, Academician iv International Conference on Hydrology and Climate Change in Mountainous Areas Nov. 15-17, 2008 PREFACE Changes in the environment have been worrying issues to the scientific communities and planners. In order to open forum in these topics, Society of Hydrologists and Meteorologists–Nepal. (SOHAM-Nepal), Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM–Nepal), and UNESCO with support from several organizations like IHP-Nepal National Committee, Real Time Solutions Pvt. Ltd., RECHAM Consult (Pvt) Ltd., The Small Earth Nepal, and National Trust for Nature Conservation jointly organized an International Conference on “Hydrology and Climate Change in the Mountainous Areas" on 15-17 November 2008 in Kathmandu, Nepal. With an aim to address on reviewing the available technology in the field related to climate change and its impact on snow, glaciers and hydro-meteorological processes, assessment of the impact of sediment on water resources, environment, biodiversity and socio-economy and to look for a mechanism for research and capacity building on understanding of hydrological system of mountainous areas, the conference focused on the main themes of (1) climate change impacts and adaptations, (2) sedimentation and mass wasting, (3) snow and glacier hydrology, (4) floods in Nepal, (5) water induced disaster management, (6) hydrological extremes and early warning systems, (7) hydrological modeling, and (8) climate change & biodiversity. The conference was held in the Everest Hotel, Baneshwar in Kathmandu, the Capital city of Nepal. There were eight technical sessions along with another special presentation on Planning Urban River Conservation in the Himalaya: Learning from Bagmati River Action Plan. Nine papers were presented on 15 November 2008, fifteen on 16 November, and twelve on 17 November. An abstract volume was published and circulated in the conference. The Organizing Committee consisted of SOHAM-Nepal Chairman Mr. Kiran Shankar Yogacharya as the Conference Convener, and Director General Mr. Nirmal Hari Rajbhandari of DHM as the Co- Chairman, with another 19 members. Mr. Jagat K. Bhusal of DHM was the Member-Secretary of the Organizing Committee. Among the members were Mr. Dhiraj Pradhananga, the General Secretary, SOHAM-Nepal and the Chairman of the Small Earth Nepal. Scientific Committee was headed by Prof. Dr. Suresh Raj Chalise with Academician Dr. Madan L. Shrestha and Prof. Dr. Bidur Prasad Upadhyay as the Co-Chair persons with additional eight persons as the members of the committee and seven international members. The Advisory Committee consisted of Mr. Adarsha P. Pokhrel as the Chairman and Prof. Dr. P. K. Jha as the Co-Chairman along with other eight members of this committee. The inaugural session was held on 15 November 2008. The Chief Guest was the Hon. Minister Bishnu Prasad Paudel, Ministry of the Water Resources, GoN. In his inaugural address, he expressed his concerns on the global warming impacts on the fresh water resources of Nepal that are creating challenges for economic development, emphasized the importance of the conference on hydrology and climate change on mountainous areas, and also pointed out the need for making the public aware of the climate change issues including adaptation measures. The Keynote Address was delivered by Dr. Siegfried Demuth, UNESCO. The session was chaired by the SOHAM-Nepal Chairman Mr. Kiran Shankar Yogacharya. The welcome address was given by Mr. Adarsha P. Pokhrel, Chairman, Nepal National Committee for International Hydrological Programme (IHP), and the vote of thanks by Mr. Nirmal Hari Rajbhandari, Director General, Department of Hydrology And Meteorology, Government of Nepal. The closing session was on 17 November 2008, and was chaired by the SOHAM-Nepal Chairman Mr. Kiran Shankar Yogacharya. The Chief Guest was Hon. Minister Ganesh Shah, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, GoN. In his closing address, he expressed that the management of water resources is becoming increasingly complex in the changing global climatic v International Conference on Hydrology and Climate Change in Mountainous Areas Nov. 15-17, 2008 situation, emphasized the importance of the scientific knowledge of interactions between climate and hydrological processes for effective design and implementation of adaptation strategies, and expressed his ministry’s commitment to work with the international community to better understand the climatic processes and adapt to increasing uncertainties. He appreciated the initiation taken to strengthen the mass balance measurements in key glaciers in Nepal, and expressed his sincere thanks to UNESCO’s team, who has been collaborating with the Government of Nepal. The Conference Summary was presented by Mr. Dhiraj Pradhananga, General Secreatary, SOHAM – Nepal. Remarks from participation were made by Prof. Dr. M. Shoshany, Geo-Information Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel, and Dr. P. C. Jha, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Kathmandu Declaration 2008 was presented by Mr. A. P. Pokhrel, Chairman, IHP-Nepal National Committee, and was well adopted by the session. The Closing Remarks were given by the Chairperson Mr. Kiran Shankar Yogacharya, Chairman, SOHAM-Nepal. The Vote of Thanks was given by Mr. Jagat Kumar Bhusal, Member Secretary, Organizing Committee, and Vice-Chairman, SOHAM-Nepal. We, hereby, express our thankfulness to all the organizers, sponsors, volunteers, presenters, session chairpersons, rapporteurs, and other active individuals and organizations for their best efforts and practical supports to make the international conference on hydrology and climate change in the mountainous areas successful. We would like especially to express our cordial thanks to Dr. Siegfried Demuth, Dr. Georg Kaser, and Dr. Bhanu R. Neupane, from UNESCO, for their invaluable contributions in giving keynote addresses and assuming the roles of chairpersons in some important technical sessions, and also in providing their most helpful guidance and suggestions for the smooth and successful conduction of the conference. Mr. Nirmal Rajbhandari, the Director General of the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, GoN, and Mr. Adarsha Prasad Pokhrel,
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