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Tourism in Pokhara: Issues, Trends and Future Prospects for Peace and Prosperity
Tourism in Pokhara: Issues, Trends and Future Prospects for Peace and Prosperity 1 Tourism in Pokhara Issues, Trends and Future Prospects for Peace and Prosperity Edited by Bishnu Raj Upreti Pranil Kumar Upadhayaya Tikaram Sapkota Published by Pokhara Tourism Council, Pokhara South Asia Regional Coordination Office of NCCR North-South and Nepal Centre for Contemporary Research, Kathmandu Kathmandu 2013 Citation: Upreti BR, Upadhayaya PK, Sapkota T, editors. 2013. Tourism in Pokhara Issues, Trends and Future Prospects for Peace and Prosperity. Kathmandu: Pokhara Tourism Council (PTC), South Asia Regional Coordination Office of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR North- South) and Nepal Center for Contemporary Research (NCCR), Kathmandu. Copyright © 2013 PTC, NCCR North-South and NCCR, Kathmandu, Nepal All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-9937-2-6169-2 Subsidised price: NPR 390/- Cover concept: Pranil Upadhayaya Layout design: Jyoti Khatiwada Printed at: Heidel Press Pvt. Ltd., Dillibazar, Kathmandu Cover photo design: Tourists at the outskirts of Pokhara with Mt. Annapurna and Machhapuchhre on back (top) and Fewa Lake (down) by Ashess Shakya Disclaimer: The content and materials presented in this book are of the respective authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Pokhara Tourism Council (PTC), the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR North-South) and Nepal Centre for Contemporary Research (NCCR). Dedication To the people who contributed to developing Pokhara as a tourism city and paradise The editors of the book Tourism in Pokhara: Issues, Trends and Future Prospects for Peace and Prosperity acknowledge supports of Pokhara Tourism Council (PTC) and the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, co-funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and the participating institutions. -
Website Disclosure Subsidy.Xlsx
Subsidy Loan Details as on Ashad End 2078 S.N Branch Name Province District Address Ward No 1 Butwal SHIVA RADIO & SPARE PARTS Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-06,RUPANDEHI,TRAFFIC CHOWK 6 2 Sandhikharkaka MATA SUPADEURALI MOBILE Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-06,RUPANDEHI 06 3 Butwal N G SQUARE Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-11,KALIKANAGAR 11 4 Butwal ANIL KHANAL Lumbini Rupandehi TILOTTAMA-5,MANIGARAM 5 5 Butwal HIMALAYAN KRISHI T.P.UDH.PVT.LTD Lumbini Rupandehi TILOTTAMA-05,RUPANDEHI,MANIGRAM 5 6 Butwal HIMALAYAN KRISHI T.P.UDH.PVT.LTD Lumbini Rupandehi TILOTTAMA-05,RUPANDEHI,MANIGRAM 5 7 Butwal HIMALAYAN KRISHI T.P.UDH.PVT.LTD Lumbini Rupandehi TILOTTAMA-05,RUPANDEHI,MANIGRAM 5 8 Butwal HARDIK POULTRY FARM Lumbini Kapilbastu BUDDHA BHUMI-02,KAPILBASTU 2 9 Butwal HARDIK POULTRY FARM Lumbini Kapilbastu BUDDHA BHUMI-02,KAPILBASTU 2 10 Butwal HARDIK POULTRY FARM Lumbini Kapilbastu BUDDHA BHUMI-02,KAPILBASTU 2 11 Butwal RAMNAGAR AGRO FARM PVT.LTD Lumbini Nawalparasi SARAWAL-02, NAWALPARASI 2 12 Butwal RAMNAGAR AGRO FARM PVT.LTD Lumbini Nawalparasi SARAWAL-02, NAWALPARASI 2 13 Butwal BUDDHA BHUMI MACHHA PALAN Lumbini Kapilbastu BUDDHI-06,KAPILVASTU 06 14 Butwal TANDAN POULTRY BREEDING FRM PVT.LTD Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-11,RUPANDEHI,KALIKANAGAR 11 15 Butwal COFFEE ROAST HOUSE Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-09,RUPANDEHI 09 16 Butwal NUTRA AGRO INDUSTRY Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL 13 BELBAS, POUDEL PATH 13 17 Butwal SHUVA SAMBRIDDHI UNIT.AG.F PVT.LTD. Lumbini Rupandehi SAINAMAINA-1, KASHIPUR,RUPANDEHI 1 18 Butwal SHUVA SAMBRIDDHI UNIT.AG.F PVT.LTD. Lumbini Rupandehi SAINAMAINA-1, KASHIPUR,RUPANDEHI 1 19 Butwal SANGAM HATCHERY & BREEDING FARM Lumbini Rupandehi BUTWAL-09, RUPANDEHI 9 20 Butwal SHREE LAXMI KRISHI TATHA PASUPANCHH Lumbini Palpa TANSEN-14,ARGALI 14 21 Butwal R.C.S. -
Detailed Monitoring Survey of Bats and Their Conservation Through Radio Awareness Programme and Outreach Programme to School Children in Kathmandu
Detailed monitoring survey of bats and their conservation through radio awareness programme and outreach programme to school children in Kathmandu Progress Report II December 2010 Cover Photo: A Mandelli’s Mouse-eared myotis (Myotis sicarius) netted over the stream at the edge of dense Bajrabarahi Religious Forest near Chapagaun. Note: This species is Vulnerable in Nepal as well as World-wide. Suchita at Radio awareness Programme Team Members: Sanjan Thapa; Sagar Dahal; Suchita Shrestha Rameshwor Ghimire; Sudeep Acharya; Niroj Timilsina; Prakash Sigdel; Dikpal Krishna Karmacharya; Biswo Ram Tamang; Chanchala Duwal; Kamal Nepal; Anita Shrestha; Arjun Thapa All Photos by: Sanjan Thapa, Sagar Dahal and Suchita Shrestha Sagar delivering lecture at a school ii Detailed monitoring survey of bats and their conservation through radio awareness programme and outreach programme to school children in Kathmandu-Second Phase Report Acknowledgements We would like to honor esteem acknowledgement to The Rufford Small Grants Foundation for the financial support to the project; Prof. Paul A. Racey, Co-Chair, IUCN SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group for continuous guidance, advice, and support. We would like to express hearty thanks to Dr. Sarala Khaling, Regional Co-ordinator, Eastern Himalayas, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund; Dr. B.A. Daniel, Scientist, Zoo Outreach Organization, Coimbatore, India; and Associate Prof. Dr. Nanda Bdr. Singh, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University for the strong recommendations to the project. We are especially grateful to Malcolm Pearch, Harrison Institute, Centre for Systematics and Biodiversity Research, UK; and Dr. Gabor Csorba, Deputy Director and Curator of Mammals, Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary for precious advice and confirmation to identification. -
Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area Cggk"0F{ ;+/If0f If]Qsf :Tgwf/L Jgohgt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019
Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019 ISBN 978-9937-8522-8-9978-9937-8522-8-9 9 789937 852289 National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal Hariyo Kharka, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal National Trust for Nature Conservation P.O. Box: 3712, Kathmandu, Nepal P.O. Box: 183, Kaski, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5526571, 5526573, Fax: +977-1-5526570 Tel: +977-61-431102, 430802, Fax: +977-61-431203 Annapurna Conservation Area Project Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.ntnc.org.np Website: www.ntnc.org.np 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Published by © NTNC-ACAP, 2019 All rights reserved Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit NTNC-ACAP. Reviewers Prof. Karan Bahadur Shah (Himalayan Nature), Dr. Naresh Subedi (NTNC, Khumaltar), Dr. Will Duckworth (IUCN) and Yadav Ghimirey (Friends of Nature, Nepal). Compilers Rishi Baral, Ashok Subedi and Shailendra Kumar Yadav Suggested Citation Baral R., Subedi A. & Yadav S.K. (Compilers), 2019. Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area. National Trust for Nature Conservation, Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Pokhara, Nepal. First Edition : 700 Copies ISBN : 978-9937-8522-8-9 Front Cover : Yellow-bellied Weasel (Mustela kathiah), back cover: Orange- bellied Himalayan Squirrel (Dremomys lokriah). -
Unicef Nepal
-.;*• la 8 2 2 N P 7 5 '\ gà| UNICEF NEPAL WATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY By S. Radojicic •••-• <*, 1975 LIB RA a Y !»<; • ¿I Roiere'iee Centre for GuiiiiM unity VVaier Supply WATER SUPPLY MD SANITATION SECTOR STUDY - NEPAL NP I'S WATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY by S. RODOJICIC UNICEF Hy&rodeologist 1975 Li;:-- •' tnj -: • ••.•..V¡..*¡ t , ; :• . ,¡w »'.;•<;f- supply CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 - V RECOMMENDATIONS VI - IX INTRODUCTION ...,..,,, 1 1. SURFACE WATER OCCURRENCES „(liijàt ! 2. GROUND WATER OCCURRENCES ,..***,*. 5 2.1. Mountain complex ..............,..,........*.****,»*«** 5 2.1.1. High Himalayas *..*..*.. 6 2.1.2. Midland Zone 7 2.1.3. Mahabharat Range 13 2.1.4. Churia Hills „,., 14 2.2. Terai Region 15 2.2.1. Eastern Terai 17 2.2.2. Central Terai 18 2.3-2. Western Terai 19 2.2.3.1. Lumbini Zone 19 2.2.3.2. .Bkeri Zone 22 2.2.3.3. Seti-Mahakali Zone 24 3. FEASIBILITY OF TAPPING GROUND WATER IN THE TJ3RAI BY SHlJjLOW TUBE WELLS 24 3.1. Hydrogeological Conditions 26 3.2. Drilling Method and Equipment Required 29 3.3. Well Design, Construction and Cost .....30 4. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE WATER RESOURCES EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION . .*, 35 4.1. Water Supply and Sewerage Board ,.35 4.2. Water Supply and Sewerage Department 36 4.3. Remote Area and Local Development Department 39 4.4. Ground Water Section 40 4.5. Nepal Resettlement Co ,42 4.6 Constractors Service Available in Nepal ...4...42 REFERENCES SUMMARY x I. In Nepal there are real feasibilities the water supply of people to be settled by developing two water resources: surface and ground waters. -
Variations in Surface Ozone and Carbon Monoxide in the Kathmandu Valley and Surrounding
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-306 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 17 July 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 3.0 License. Variations in surface ozone and carbon monoxide in the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding broader regions during SusKat‐ABC field campaign: Role of local and regional sources Piyush Bhardwaj1,2,*, Manish Naja1, Maheswar Rupakheti3, Arnico K. Panday4, Rajesh Kumar5, Khadak Mahata3, Shyam Lal6, Harish C. Chandola2, Mark G. Lawrence3 1Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital, 263002, India 2Dev Singh Bisht Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263001, India *Now at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea 3Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, 14467, Germany 4International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, 44700, Nepal 5National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Boulder, 80301, USA 6Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmadabad, 380009, India Key words: Kathmandu, Himalayas, Air Pollution, Ozone, CO, Long Range Transport Correspondence to: Manish Naja ([email protected]) 1 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-306 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 17 July 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 3.0 License. Highlights of the study: A comparative study on trace gases among sites in the Kathmandu Valley and India. 5 An important contribution of regional transport to the springtime ozone enhancement in the Kathmandu Valley. 10 The winter time higher ozone levels in the Kathmandu Valley are largely due to local sources. 15 O3, CO and light NMHCs levels are higher in the Kathmandu Valley than the site in IGP. -
Nursing Association of Nepal List of Life Members S.No
Nursing Association of Nepal List of Life Members S.No. Regd. No. Name Post Address 1 2 Mrs. Prema Singh 2 14 Mrs. I. Mathema Bir Hospital 3 15 Ms. Manu Bangdel Matron Maternity Hospital 4 19 Mrs. Geeta Murch 5 20 Mrs. Dhana Nani Lohani Lect. Nursing C. Maharajgunj 6 24 Mrs. Saraswati Shrestha Sister Mental Hospital 7 25 Mrs. Nati Maya Shrestha (Pradhan) Sister Kanti Hospital 8 26 Mrs. I. Tuladhar 9 32 Mrs. Laxmi Singh 10 33 Mrs. Sarada Tuladhar Sister Pokhara Hospital 11 37 Mrs. Mita Thakur Ad. Matron Bir Hospital 12 42 Ms. Rameshwori Shrestha Sister Bir Hospital 13 43 Ms. Anju Sharma Lect. 14 44 Ms. Sabitry Basnet Ast. Matron Teaching Hospital 15 45 Ms. Sarada Shrestha 16 46 Ms. Geeta Pandey Matron T.U.T. H 17 47 Ms. Kamala Tuladhar Lect. 18 49 Ms. Bijaya K. C. Matron Teku Hospital 19 50 Ms.Sabitry Bhattarai D. Inst Nursing Campus 20 52 Ms. Neeta Pokharel Lect. F.H.P. 21 53 Ms. Sarmista Singh Publin H. Nurse F. H. P. 22 54 Ms. Sabitri Joshi S.P.H.N F.H.P. 23 55 Ms. Tuka Chhetry S.P.HN 24 56 Ms. Urmila Shrestha Sister Bir Hospital 25 57 Ms. Maya Manandhar Sister 26 58 Ms. Indra Maya Pandey Sister 27 62 Ms. Laxmi Thakur Lect. 28 63 Ms. Krishna Prabha Chhetri PHN F.P.M.C.H. 29 64 Ms. Archana Bhattacharya Lect. 30 65 Ms. Indira Pradhan Matron Teku Hospital S.No. Regd. No. Name Post Address 31 67 Ms. -
EDUCATION, AWARENESS and FACING DEVELOPMENT in RASUWA Ariel Murray SIT Study Abroad
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2018 MONEY SPEAKS: EDUCATION, AWARENESS AND FACING DEVELOPMENT IN RASUWA Ariel Murray SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Educational Sociology Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Place and Environment Commons, Tourism Commons, and the Work, Economy and Organizations Commons Recommended Citation Murray, Ariel, "MONEY SPEAKS: EDUCATION, AWARENESS AND FACING DEVELOPMENT IN RASUWA" (2018). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2860. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2860 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MONEY SPEAKS: EDUCATION, AWARENESS AND FACING DEVELOPMENT IN RASUWA By Ariel Murray (Fig. 1: three of the six hotels in Nagathali, Thuman Ward 6, Rasuwa) Academic Director: Onians, Isabelle Project Advisor: Dixit, Kunda Sending School: Smith College Major: Government Studies; French Studies Primary Research Location(s): Asia, Nepal, Rasuwa, Thuman, Nagathali, Brenthang Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Nepal: Tibetan and Himalayan Peoples, SIT Study Abroad, Spring 2018 Abstract In the Rasuwa district of Nepal, an area affected profoundly by the 2015 earthquake, development and infrastructure have been fast growing both since the natural disaster and the opening of Rasuwa Gadhi as the more formal trade route to and from China. -
Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Strategy Andactionplan2016-2025|Chitwan-Annapurnalandscape,Nepal
Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Strategy andActionPlan2016-2025|Chitwan-AnnapurnaLandscape,Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-1- 4211567, 4211936 Fax: +977-1-4223868 Website: www.mfsc.gov.np Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Publisher: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Citation: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation 2015. Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025, Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Cover photo credits: Forest, River, Women in Community and Rhino © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Nabin Baral Snow leopard © WWF Nepal/ DNPWC Rhododendron © WWF Nepal Back cover photo credits: Forest, Gharial, Peacock © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Nabin Baral Red Panda © Kamal Thapa/ WWF Nepal Buckwheat fi eld in Ghami village, Mustang © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Kapil Khanal Women in wetland © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Kashish Das Shrestha © Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Acronyms and Abbreviations ACA Annapurna Conservation Area asl Above Sea Level BZ Buffer Zone BZUC Buffer Zone User Committee CA Conservation Area CAMC Conservation Area Management Committee CAPA Community Adaptation Plans for Action CBO Community Based Organization CBS -
Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal
SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics Acknowledgements The completion of both this and the earlier feasibility report follows extensive consultation with the National Planning Commission, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), World Food Programme (WFP), UNICEF, World Bank, and New ERA, together with members of the Statistics and Evidence for Policy, Planning and Results (SEPPR) working group from the International Development Partners Group (IDPG) and made up of people from Asian Development Bank (ADB), Department for International Development (DFID), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNICEF and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), WFP, and the World Bank. WFP, UNICEF and the World Bank commissioned this research. The statistical analysis has been undertaken by Professor Stephen Haslett, Systemetrics Research Associates and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand and Associate Prof Geoffrey Jones, Dr. Maris Isidro and Alison Sefton of the Institute of Fundamental Sciences - Statistics, Massey University, New Zealand. We gratefully acknowledge the considerable assistance provided at all stages by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Special thanks to Bikash Bista, Rudra Suwal, Dilli Raj Joshi, Devendra Karanjit, Bed Dhakal, Lok Khatri and Pushpa Raj Paudel. See Appendix E for the full list of people consulted. First published: December 2014 Design and processed by: Print Communication, 4241355 ISBN: 978-9937-3000-976 Suggested citation: Haslett, S., Jones, G., Isidro, M., and Sefton, A. (2014) Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commissions Secretariat, World Food Programme, UNICEF and World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2014. -
ANNUAL REPORT 2019 NEPAL PROGRAM Health for the Poorest ABBREVIATIONS
ANNUAL REPORT 2019 NEPAL PROGRAM Health for the Poorest ABBREVIATIONS • ANC: ANTE NATAL CARE • ANM: AUXILIARY NURSING MIDWIFE • BC: BIRTHING CENTER • BCC: BEHAVIOUR CHANGE COMMUNICATION • BYC: BHIMAPOKHARA YOUTH CLUB • CHSB: COMMUNITY HEALTH SCORE BOARD • CHU: COMMUNITY HEALTH UNIT • CP: CEREBRAL PALSY • DHIS: DISTRICT HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM • EDD: EXPECTED DATE OF DELIVERY • FCHV: FEMALE COMMUNITY HEALTH VOLUNTEER • HF: HEALTH FACILITY • HFOMC: HEALTH FACILITY OPERATION MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE • HP: HEALTH POST • ICRC: INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF RED CROSS • INF: INTERNATIONAL NEPAL FELLOWSHIP • LMP: LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD • MG: MOTHERS’ GROUP • MNH: MATERNAL AND NEONATAL HEALTH • NGO: NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION • NTD: NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES • PHCC: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTER • SATH: SELF-APPLIED TECHNIQUE FOR QUALITY HEALTH • SM: SOCIAL MOBILIZER • TOT: TRAINING OF TRAINERS • USG: ULTRASOUND SONO GRAPH • WASH: WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE........................ 1 FOREWORD FROM THE COUNTRY COORDINATOR PAGE ....................... 3 FAIRMED IN NEPAL PAGE ....................... 4 ON-GOING PROJECTS : RURAL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT PROJECT PAGE ....................... 9 CASE STORY PAGE ......................11 ON-GOING PROJECTS : ESSENTIAL HEALTH PROJECT PAGE ......................16 CASE STORY PAGE ......................17 CASE STORY PAGE ......................18 COMPLETED PROJECTS : UPAKAR FOLLOWUP PAGE ......................20 FAIRMED IN DISABILITY INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT PAGE ......................22 FAIRMED FIELD -
49215-001: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Environmental Assessment Document Initial Environmental Examination Loan: 3260 July 2017 Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project: Panchkhal-Melamchi Road Project Main report-I Prepared by the Government of Nepal The Environmental Assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Department of Roads Project Directorate (ADB) Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) (ADB LOAN No. 3260-NEP) INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION OF PANCHKHAL - MELAMCHI ROAD JUNE 2017 Prepared by MMM Group Limited Canada in association with ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd, Total Management Services Nepal and Material Test Pvt Ltd. for Department of Roads, Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport for the Asian Development Bank. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) ABBREVIATIONS AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic AC Asphalt Concrete ADB Asian Development Bank ADT Average Daily Traffic AP Affected People BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CBOs Community Based Organization CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CFUG Community Forest User Group CITIES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CO Carbon Monoxide COI Corridor of Impact DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DDC District Development Committee DFID Department for International Development, UK DG Diesel Generating DHM Department of Hydrology and Metrology DNPWC Department of National