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Tibetan and Chinese Glossary1 Tibetan and Chinese Glossary1 Amdo (T: a mdo) Name of a historical region of eastern Tibet api (T: a ph’i) Fresh cheese made from dara bcud (T: bcud) From Buddhist philosophy, content or form of life bdud (T: bdud) Demons btsan (T: btsan) Furies, violent spirits ‘bu (T) See yartsa gunbu chiwa (T: lci wa) Dried yak dung used for fuel chongcao (C) See dongchong xiacao chorten (T: mchod rten) Tibetan stupa, reliquary chos sgar (T: mchod sgar) Religious encampment chuba (T: phyu pa) Long Tibetan robe chura (T: phyur ra) Dried cheese made from dara cun (C) Administrative village cunshuji (C) Village-level party secretary cunzhang (C) Village-level leader dara (T: da ra) Milk from which the cream/butter has been removed dewa (T: sde ba) Village digpa (T: sdig pa) Sin dmu (T: dmu) Malevolent spirit causing dropsy Do Kham (T: mdo khams) Eastern Tibet comprising two historical regions dongchong xiacao (C) Caterpillar fungus domad (T: mdo smad) Another name for Amdo dotod (T: mdo stod) Another name for Kham drelwa (T: ‘brel ba) Relationship, link, connection dri (T: ‘bri) Female yak drib (T: sgrib) Pollution drog, also sog (T: srog) Essence of life drogmo (T: ‘brog mo) Female nomadic pastoralist 1 T: Tibetan, C: Chinese, Wylie transliteration is provided in parentheses. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 179 G. G. Tan, Pastures of Change, Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation 10, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76553-2 180 Tibetan and Chinese Glossary drogpa (T: ‘brog pa) Tibetan nomadic pastoralist, male nomadic pastoralist droma (T: gro ma, gyo ma) Edible tuber of Potentilla anserina drub zang (T: ‘gros gzang) A casual lover dud si thun cham (T: bdud rtsi thun mchams) Name of a star connected with Tibetan medicine dzo (T: mdzo) Hybrid cow-yak animal dzomo (T: mdzo mo) Female hybrid cow-yak animal fengyu (C) Complete grazing prohibition gar (T: sgar) Encampment gasar (T: dga’ sa, also dga’ po) Lover, husband gepa (T: skud pa) Yarn or rope made from tsi glog klad (T: glog klad) Computer go re (T: go re) Braids of fried wheat dough gonpa (T: dgon pa) Monastery gowa (T: go wa) Village chief gtsang rigs (T: gtsang rigs) Limpid, permeable guanxi (C) Networks, social relations gur (T: gur) Summer white tent gza’ (T: gza’) Rahu, a god with nine heads hei shihui (C) Black society, underworld huang (C) Barren, wasteland jigten pa’i lha (T: ‘jig rten pa’i lha) Worldly deities jin (C) Chinese unit of measurement; approximately 600 g jin mu (C) Grazing prohibition for several years jod pon (T: gyod dpon) Mediator jowa (T: gyod pa) Representative in negotiations kang da jid (T: kang da byid) Powerful animal medicine, Batrachuperus pinchonii katsa (T: kha tsha) Animal illness; foot-and-mouth disease khata (T: kha btags) Ceremonial scarf, usually white Kham (T; khams) Name of a historical region of eastern Tibet khenpo (T: mkhan po) Head lama kora (T: skor ra) Circumambulation kulu (T: khu lu) Soft down from the undercoat of yaks la (T: bla) Soul latse (T: la rdzas, lha btsugs) Sacred cairns with prayer flags lha (T: lha) God, deity lha pon (T: lha dpon) God-official lha yag (T: lha g.yag) God-yak; a yak that has been liberated and offered to a deity lon pon (T: lon dpon) Ministers lu (T: klu) Water deity, water spirit lu rig dan (T: klu rig ldan) Name of a star connected with Tibetan medicine lun mu (C) Grazing rotations magpa (T: mag pa) Called-in son-in-law mamo (T: ma mo) Female wrathful dakinis mani prayer stones (T: ma ni rdo) Stones on which the chant ‘o mane padme hum’ have been carved Tibetan and Chinese Glossary 181 mi rab den (T: mi rabs bdun) Seven generations minzu (C) Nationality, ethnicity mirtagpa (T: mi rtag pa) Impermanence misha (T: mi sha) Blood feud; enemy mu (C) Unit of measurement used in China, 1/15th of a hectare nag sgar (T: nag sgar) Black encampments, a term for tent monasteries nag tsang (T: nag tshang) Type of black tent namshe (T: rnam pas shes pas) Consciousness nang (T: nang) Inside nei (T: nas) Roasted barley flour nolog (T: ngo log) Rebel nor (T: nor) Wealth, synonym for yaks nyingma (T: rnying ma) Old teachings; a sect of Tibetan Buddhism phyir (T: phyir) Outside, outer Ponchen (T: dpon chen) Big leader qi (C) Energy ra (T: sbra) Type of black tent rashor (T: sbra shing) Long wooden tent pole; in Kham, this is used to open the top flap of the black tent rgyal po (T: rgyal po) Mischievous spirit risher (vernacular, also T: ri skor) Patrol around the mountain rinpoche (T: rin po che) Precious one rongpa (T. rong pa) Farmer, agriculturalist rongmadrog (T. rong ma ‘brog) Semi-pastoralist rukor (T: rus skor) Encampment samadrog (T. sa ma ‘brog) Semi-pastoralist sang (T: bsang, bsangs) Smoke-purification ritual san peitao jianshe (C) Three that form a set constructions sbra dgon (T: sbra dgon) Tent monasteries shedra (T: bshad grwa) Buddhist teaching college shengtai yimin (C) Ecological resettlement policy shugpa (T: shug pa) Juniper shrub si da tusi (C) Four big kingdoms, in reference to Dege, Lithang, Bathang, and Chakla si peitao jianshe (C) Four that form a set constructions sozhe (vernacular) Name for a 4-year-old yak sngo sman (T: sngo sman) Herbaceous medicine snod (T: snod) From Buddhist philosophy, container or vessel for sentience srinpo (T: srin po) Cannibal demon tagma (T: stag ma) Rhodendron tendrel (T: rten ‘brel) Dependent origination, interdependence, omen terma (T: gter ma) Treasure terton (T: gter ston) Treasure revealer tianran (C) Formed by the sky, pure and natural tri (vernacular) Wooden yarn-spinning contraption 182 Tibetan and Chinese Glossary trim (T: khrims) Decree trug (T: phrug) Densely woven panels of the black tent tsa da jid (T: rtswa da byid) Grass-animal medicine tsampa (T: rtsam pa) Tibetan roasted barley, mixed with tea and butter tshowa (T: tsho ba) Group of encampments, camp group tsi (T: rtsid) Yak hair, cut from coarse hair from the belly, tails, and sides tsipa (T: rtsid pa) Yarn made from coarse yak hair tshe (T: tshe) Duration of life tshe thar (T: tshe thar) Act of “liberating life” tuigeng huanlin (C) “Retiring fields, restoring forests” campaign tuimu huancao (C) “Retiring livestock, restoring pasture” campaign tusi (C) “King,” official Chinese title bestowed by the Qing emperor we’u (T: be’u) A 1-year-old yak calf xiang zhengfu (C) Township government xiaowei (C) Indistinct smell xibu dakaifa (C) “Western Development Strategy” campaign xiu mu (C) Halt to grazing for several months Xizang (C) Tibet yartsa gunbu (T: dbyar rtswa dgun ‘bu) Caterpillar fungus; Ophiocordyceps sinensis yaruh (vernacular) Name for a 2-year-old yak yasum (vernacular) Name for a 3-year-old yak you mumin dinju (C) Nomad Settlement project yullha (T: yul lha) Homeland deity Zhara (T: bzhag bra) Name of a mountain; also a territorial deity or master and a soul mountain zhibdag (T: zhing bdag/gzhi bdag) Territorial deity, territorial master zhorshi (T: zho shig) Full-fat semi-soft cheese ziwa (T: gzi ba) Judge zog (T: zog) Cow-yak animal Bibliography Agrawal, A. 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