Los Canarios En La Independencia De Venezuela
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The Rites of Statehood: Violence and Sovereignty in Spanish America, 1789-1821 Jeremy Adelman Princeton University in Gabriel Ga
1 The Rites of Statehood: Violence and Sovereignty in Spanish America, 1789-1821 Jeremy Adelman Princeton University In Gabriel Garcia Marquez's novel, The General in his Labyrinth, a long-winded Frenchman lectures a pensive, dying Simon Bolivar. The Liberator responds. He acknowledges that the revolution unleashed the furies of avenging justice, and laments, without repudiating, his decision to order the execution of eight hundred Spanish prisoners in a single day, including pa.ti~nts in La Guaira' s moral authority to reproach me, for if any history is drowned in blood, indignity, and injustice, it is the history of Europe." When the Frenchman tries to interrupt, Bolivar puts down his cutlery \ and glares at his guest. "Damn it, please let us have our Middle Ages in peace!" he exclaimed. 1 These, of course, were Garc,a Marquez's words, not Bolivar's. But they echo Bolivar's requiem on the events he shaped about the relationship between savagery and state-formation. More than lofty proclamations or principle's of statehood, the historical memory of the years leading to 1821 are saturated with blood. For the chroniclers and epic writers, from Jose Manuel, Restrepo's (1827) Historia de la Revolucion de Colombi~ to Garcia Marquez, the scenes of violence and carnage gave rise to narratives of sacrifice and struggle that could not be wholly redeemed by what came after. And yet, we have not thought very systematically about the significance of political violence in Latin America - despite its recurrence. Perhaps it is because of its recurrence: for so many, the cruelty was sown into a ''tradition'' of conquest and 1 Gabriel Garda Marquez, The General in His Labyrinth (New York: Knopf, 1990), p. -
El Rey Ante El Tribunal De La Revolución: Nueva Granada 1808-1819*
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/hys.n31.55457 El rey ante el tribunal de la revolución: Nueva Granada 1808-1819* Isidro Vanegas Useche** Resumen El rey fue un actor central de las conmociones revolucionarias modernas. También lo fue en la Revolución neogranadina de la década de 1810, que vio cómo pasó de ser el núcleo del orden en su calidad de detentador y garante del poder y la autoridad, a convertirse en una figura desdeñada que fue sustituida por otro tipo de soberano. Este artículo explora el lugar del monarca en tres momentos claramente diferencia- dos de la conmoción revolucionaria, buscando comprender el itinerario del distancia- miento, los dilemas que hubo en juego y las implicaciones de aquella gran innovación. Palabras clave: rey, revolución, Nueva Granada. The king before the revolution: New Granada 1808-1819 Abstract The king was a central actor in the modern revolutions. He also was in the New Gre- nada Revolution of the 1810’s, during which the king went from being the center of the order as holder and guarantor of power and authority, to be a despised figure that was replaced by another kind of sovereign. This article explores the place of the monarch in three distinct moments of revolutionary upheaval, seeking to understand the way of detachment, the dilemmas that was in play and the implications of this great innovation. Key words: king, revolution, New Grenada. * Artículo recibido el 29 de enero de 2016 y aprobado el 18 de febrero de 2016. Artículo de investigación. ** Doctor en Historia. Profesor y coordinador del doctorado en Historia de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. -
WRAP Theses Earle 1994.Pdf
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/104927 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications THE BRITISH LIBRARY BRITISH THESIS SERVICE THE RESTORATION AND FALL OF ROYAL TITLE GOVERNMENT IN NEW GRANADA 1815-1820 AUTHOR Rebecca A. EARLE DEGREE Ph.D AWARDING Warwick University BODY DATE 1994 THESIS DX184477 NUMBER THIS THESIS HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the original thesis submitted for microfilming. Every effort has been made to ensure the highest quality of reproduction. Some pages may have indistinct print, especially if the original papers were poorly produced or if awarding body sent an inferior copy. If pages are missing, please contact the awarding body which granted the degree. Previously copyrighted materials (journals articles, published texts etc.) are not filmed. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that it's copyright rests with its author and that no information derived from it may be published without the author's prior written consent. Reproduction of this thesis, other than as permitted under the United Kingdom Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under specific agreement with the copyright holder, is prohibited. -
Simón Bolívar's Rhetoric and Reason
Framing Revolution: Simón Bolívar’s Rhetoric and Reason Author: James Newhouse Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104151 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2015 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College Department of History Framing Revolution: Simón Bolívar’s Rhetoric and Reason An Undergraduate Honors Thesis By James Newhouse The Honors Program April 2015 Thesis Advisor: Professor Sylvia Sellers-García Acknowledgements When I submitted my Thesis proposal last spring, I could not have imagined how much help I would receive along the way. Given space constraints, I will not be able to call out every individual that has helped me along this process. Despite that, there are a few people that I will single out. Without them this thesis would not have existed. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Sylvia Sellers-García. My love for and interest in South American historical texts began in her Travelers in Latin America class. Since that time, I have consistently relied on her for information, advice, and good conversation. I am incredibly grateful for her guidance over the past year, as well as her constant willingness to meet with me and discuss my progress. I am also very grateful to the Boston College academic community and the History department as a whole. Professor Penelope Ismay provided an encouraging and at times calming perspective during the fall semester. Research librarian Elliott Brandow always knew where to find the source for which I was looking, no matter how obscure it was. -
Contribución De La Campaña Libertadora De Guayana a La Consolidación De La Guerra E Instauración De La República, Venezuela, 1817-1824
Procesos Históricos ISSN: 1690-4818 [email protected] Universidad de los Andes Venezuela Contribución de la Campaña Libertadora de Guayana a la consolidación de la guerra e instauración de la República, Venezuela, 1817-1824. Cabello Requena, Hildelisa Contribución de la Campaña Libertadora de Guayana a la consolidación de la guerra e instauración de la República, Venezuela, 1817-1824. Procesos Históricos, núm. 36, 2019 Universidad de los Andes, Venezuela Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=20060770008 Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional. PDF generado a partir de XML-JATS4R por Redalyc Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Procesos Históricos, 2019, núm. 36, Julio-Diciembre, ISSN: 1690-4818 Articulos Contribución de la Campaña Libertadora de Guayana a la consolidación de la guerra e instauración de la República, Venezuela, 1817-1824. Contribution of the Liberating Campaign of Guayana to the consolidation of the war and establishment of the Republic, Venezuela, 1817-1824. Hildelisa Cabello Requena Redalyc: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=20060770008 Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela [email protected] Resumen: Se analiza en este artículo la campaña militar que en 1817 aseguró la posesión e incorporación del sur venezolano al proceso de independencia. Se describen cronológicamente las distintas etapas en las que se cumplió esta compleja jornada militar; y se comentan las ventajas estratégicas, logísticas y la trascendencia geopolítica de la ocupación patriota de esta provincia, como factor fundamental para explicar y comprender el drástico cambio de rumbo que adquirió la revolución de independencia en Venezuela y otros territorios suramericanos, entre 1817 y 1824. -
Héroes De Carabobo Ediciones De La Presidencia De La República Caracas - Venezuela, 2004 Depósito Legal: Lf8002004900384 ISBN: 980-03-0338-3
EDICIONES DE LA PRESIDENCIA DE LA REPÚBLICA HUGO RAFAEL CHÁVEZ FRÍAS PRESIDENTE DE LA REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA MANUEL ANTONIO BARROSO ALBERTO DIRECTOR DEL DESPACHO DEL PRESIDENTE TCNEL. CARLOS JULIO RODRÍGUEZ RABAN DIRECTOR DE LA OFICINA DE GESTIÓN INTERNA CAP. CC. ERIKA VIRGÜEZ OVIEDO DIRECTORA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DOLORES DAMARYS CORDERO NEGRIN COORDINADORA DE ARCHIVOS Y PUBLICACIONES (E) © Despacho del Presidente Los Héroes de Carabobo Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República Caracas - Venezuela, 2004 Depósito Legal: lf8002004900384 ISBN: 980-03-0338-3 Impresión: Anauco Ediciones, C.A. Diseño, Diagramación y Portada: José Alejandro Guzmán S. Héctor Bencomo Barrios LOS HEROES DE CARABOBO Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República 2004 ÍNDICE Prólogo 9 Introducción 13 Abreu e Lima, J. I. Ribeiro de 15 Alcántara, Francisco de Paula 19 Aramendi, Francisco 23 Arguindegui, José María 25 Arismendi, Juan Bautista 27 Arraiz, Manuel 33 Avendaño, Francisco de Paula 35 Bermúdez, José Francisco 41 Bolívar, Simón 47 Borrás, Miguel 55 Bravo, Juan Ángel 59 Briceño Méndez, Pedro 61 Camejo, Josefa 69 Carrillo, José de la Cruz 75 Castelli, Carlos Luis 81 Conde, Juan José 89 Demarquet, Carlos Eloy 91 Farfán, Francisco 99 Ferriar, Thomas Ilderton 101 Figueredo, Fernando 103 Flegel, Ludwig 109 Flores, Juan José 113 Gómez, Juan 123 Gravete, Antonio 129 Heras, José Rafael de las 131 Ibarra, Diego 133 Iribarren, Guillermo 139 Macero, Felipe 143 Manrique, Manuel 147 Manzo, Juan Manuel 153 Mariño, Santiago 155 Martin, Felipe Mauricio 165 Mellado, -
Chavez Presents Boli
xviii FURTHER READING STUDIES ON BOLIVAR AND INDEPENDENCE Brown, Matthew, Adventuring Through Spanish Colonies: Sifnon BoUvar, Foreign Mercenaries and the Birth of New Nations (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2006) Conway, Christopher Brian, The Cult of BoUvar in Latin Aincricati Literature (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2003) Davies, Catherine, Claire Brewster and Hillary Owen, South Anicricati Independence: Gender, Politics, Text (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2006) Earle, Rebecca, Spain and the Independence of Colombia (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2000) Lynch, John, Latin American Revolutions 1808-1826 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994) Murray, Pamela, For Glory and BoUvar: The Remarkable Life of Manuela Saenz (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008) f CHRONOLOGY 1783 24 July: Simon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolivar y Palacios bom in Caracas. 1799-1802 Bolivar visits and lives in New Spain (Mexico), Spain and France. 1802 26 May: Bolivar marries Maria Teresa Rodriguez del Toro in Madrid. 1803 22 January: Maria Teresa Rodriguez del Toro dies in Caracas. 1803-1807 Bolivar travels to Spain, France, Italy and the USA. 1810 19 April: Caracas rebels against colonial mle and deposes Captain-General. New junta governs, autonomously, in the name of deposed King Femando VII. Bolivar travels to London as part of Venezuelan mission seeking recognition of its independence (returns to Venezuela in December). r k X X C H R O N O L O G Y 1811 5 July: Elected Venezuelan Congress declares independence. Beginning of First Republic. 1812 26 March: Earthquake in Caracas. 6 July: Bolivar abandons Puerto Cabello. 31 July: Bolivar complicit in arrest of Francisco de Miranda. -
Pablo Morillo Y Morillo
Pablo Morillo y Morillo Joaquín Puig de la Bellacasa Alberola Academia de las Ciencias y las Artes Militares Sección de Diccionario Biográfico Militar 16 de diciembre de 2020 La vida de este notable militar español corre paralela a los acontecimientos extraordinarios que le tocó vivir desde que nació en Fuentesecas (Zamora) en 1779, -aunque algunos autores sostienen que no nació en Zamora, sino en Galicia, basándose en una carta del propio Morillo que empezaba así: «Tú, nacido, además, como yo, en la hermosa Galicia…», hasta que murió en julio de 1837 en Barèges (Francia) a donde había acudido a tomar las aguas. Morillo, que pertenecía a una familia humilde de campesinos y había sido pastor en su pueblo, se enroló en 1891 en el Real Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina y fue destinado a Ferrol. En esa ciudad, contrajo matrimonio con Joaquina Rodríguez, quedándose viudo muy pronto. No tuvo hijos. Entre los años 1793 y 1805, a raíz de la Revolución francesa, Morillo intervino primero en la guerra contra la Francia republicana, participando en el desembarco en la isla de San Pedro en Cerdeña y en el asedio de Tolón, donde resultó herido; después en el sitio del castillo de la Trinidad en Rosas (Gerona). El 14 de febrero 1 de 1797 combatió en la batalla del Cabo de San Vicente, donde fue hecho prisionero, siendo liberado poco después. Ya ascendido a sargento segundo fue destinado a Cádiz y participó, el 21 de octubre de 1805 en la batalla de Trafalgar, a bordo del San Ildefonso, que fue apresado por Nelson. -
Derlas Vol. 16 No. 2 Cherpak
DeRLAS Vol. 16 No. 2 Cherpak Delaware Review of Latin American Studies Vol. 16 No. 2 December 31, 2015 María Antonia Bolívar and the War for Independence in Venezuela Evelyn M. Cherpak Retired Archivist Portsmouth, RI [email protected] Abstract This article explores the relationship of María Antonia Bolívar, supporter of the royalist cause during the wars for independence, with her brother, Simón Bolívar, the Liberator of northern South America, during the conflict and in the aftermath. It explores the role of a woman of the elite who accepted and executed responsibility for the protection of the Bolívar family properties and wealth. Keywords: María Antonia Bolívar, Simón Bolívar, Venezuela, Wars for Independence ******************************** A Divisive Issue The declaration of independence proclaimed by the Congress in Caracas, Venezuela, on July 5, 1811, and the war of independence that followed created a rift in mantuano families between those who supported the continuation of Spanish rule and those who desired a free and independent republic for political, social, and economic reasons. Old and distinguished families like the Rodríguez de Toros, the Galindos, the Palacios, and the Jérez de Aristeguietas were divided between those who remained loyal to the crown and those who supported the patriots.1 However, no family was more torn asunder by events than the Bolívars. Simón Bolívar, leader of the independence army and liberator of northern South America, early on supported ending ties with Spain. His brother, Juan Vicente, sailed to the United States in 1810 with orders from the junta that supported King Ferdinand VII to meet with Spanish Ambassador Luis de Onís to propose provincial autonomy, to procure weapons, and to obtain machinery to establish textile factories in Caracas. -
Memorias De Pablo Morillo
MEMORIAS DE PABLO MORILLO PROLOGO El General Pablo Morillo, soldado español que lucho en el ejército de Fernando VII, en la guerra de independencia de España contra los ejércitos de Napoleón, llego a Venezuela en los primeros días del mes de Marzo de 1815. Allí inició su campaña pacificadora, y según sus proclamas y comunicaciones a los habitantes de Caracas y de la Isla de la Margarita, traía órdenes del Rey, de ser condescendiente con la rebelión de los americanos, según lo expresa sus memorias. Tal parece que los rebeldes venezolanos aceptaron sus llamados de paz, y se entregaron al General Morillo, en un pacto de reconciliación. Esto permitió al General dejar a Venezuela y dirigirse a la Nueva Granada por el puerto de Cartagena de indias a donde llegó en los primeros días de julio de 1815. La expedición del General Morillo estaba compuesta de 15000 hombres, y 36 barcos cargados de municiones de boca y guerra, un ejército, fogueado en la victoriosa guerra española, una armada invencible. Desde sus fragatas, inicia una serie de llamadas a la paz a los habitantes de Cartagena y Santafé, a los venezolanos, a los franceses que se habían unido al ejército republicano de la Nueva Granada, a los habitantes de Ocaña y los Llanos, y a los venezolanos que estaban con Bolívar. Como sus llamados no son escuchados, inicia el 20 de Julio un sitio a Cartagena, el cual dura 144 días. Cartagena cae en poder de Morillo, la cual da lástima según el general por el sacrificio de esos “miserables seguidores, de los bandidos que siguen en rebeldía contra el amado Rey de España”. -
Bolivar Quest for Gl
310 POLITICAL FAILURL TO POSTMORTEM GLORY In a recent commentary on the Liberator s continuing influence, Larry Rohter {Montreal Gazette, August 8, 2000) asked a simple yet complex ques tion, "Which Bolivar?""There is one Bolivar, for instance, who praised de mocracy as 'the most sacred source' of power, but there is also another who once proclaimed that 'necessity recognizes no laws.' One Bolivar admired George Washington as the ideal 'citizen-hero' who 'fills my bosom with emulation,' while another famously and bitterly remarked that 'the United States seems destined by providence to plague Latin America with misery in the name of liberty.' [Venezuelan President] Chavez describes himself as a disciple of Bolivar, and some of his more ardent followers have gone so far as to suggest he is the'reincarnation of the Liberator.' But his vision of Bolivar is one'very much adapted to his own purposes,' said Jesus Sanoja Hernandez, a prominent political commentator here." Guillermo Moron, a leading Venezuelan historian, pointed up the same contradiction. The Bolivar that Chavez "likes is the one who centralized power," said Moron. "The Bolivar that the opposition likes, in contrast, is the one who respected the law, consulted even his enemies and tried to create an impartial system of justice for all." At different points in his event ful life. Bolivar did indeed act in contradictory, sometimes destructive ways, but he remained ever mindful of his quest for glory. In 1983 UNESCO published a volume that included "Bolivar's Procla mation to the Soldiers of the United Army of Liberation in Pasco on July 29, 1824." He delivered the speech a few days before the decisive battles of Junin and Ayacucho. -
CHAPTER IV BOLIVAR's FIRST LIBERATION of VENEZUELA— the "WAR to TI4E DEATH" ONTEVERDE Soon Had Good Reason to Regret Having Let Bolivar Escape
CHAPTER IV BOLIVAR'S FIRST LIBERATION OF VENEZUELA— THE "WAR TO TI4E DEATH" ONTEVERDE soon had good reason to regret having let Bolivar escape. The future Liberator 'landed at Curaçao, then M in the possession' of the British, on the 28th August 1812. He was almost penniless, for, owing to informalities in the papers of the ship by which he arrived, all his property on, board was seized by the customs, and Monteverde had sequestrated his Venezuelan possessions. He is said to have talked of going to England to seek employment in the Peninsula under Lord Wellington. Whatver his real intentions, his financial difficulties prevented' any such scheme. At Curaçao he found some of his1 companions who had escaped from La Guaira, and others had accompanied him. It was not long before, having succeeded in borrowing some money in Curaçao, Bolivariwas again off to offer his services to the republican government at Cartagena. He arrived there in the middle of November 1812, and at once set to work at his new ienterprise of inspiring energy amongst the separatists of the republic, and of acquiring a position amongst then which might hereafter enable him to come to the aid of Venezuela. For the moment, the fire of revolution in his own country had been stamped down, though it Was still smouldering. In Cartagena he hoped to fan the flame into a blaze SQ CARTAGENA AND NEW GRANADA 81 involving all the neighbouring provinces. On the 15th December, two days after Labatut had successfully driven the Spaniards from the mouth of the Magdalena, Bolivar, with the approval of the Dictator Torices, by whom he had been well received, issued a manifesto to the inhabi- tants of New Granada.