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The History of the Northolme Estate 1939 – 1979

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The History of the Northolme Estate 1939 – 1979 The History of the Northolme Estate 1939 – 1979 Steven Marshall A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of BA (Hons) History Supervision: Dr S. A. Caunce HY3990 April 2014 Dedicated to Helen Plummer 1941 - 2014 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people for their help in compiling this dissertation: Dr Stephen Caunce, History Department, University of Central Lancashire, for his unwavering support and guidance; Earby and District Historical Society, for unlimited access to their archives; Bob Abel, Wendy Faulkner, Margaret Brown, Ken Ranson, Peter Dawson, Margaret Greenwood and Stephanie Carter. For their interviews, Helen Plummer, Brian Plummer, Roger Pickup, Patrick Murphy, Peter Stuttard, Ernest Newton and Robert Anderson, for their contributions great and small. To Christine Hession for her endless support, encouragement and ability to proof-read, you truly have been a rock. Finally to all the people of the Northolme Estate who played a major role in providing a history worthy of recording. 3 CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS, PICTURES AND MAPS 5 INTRODUCTION 6 EARBY AND ITS GROWTH 12 SHADOW FACTORIES IN THE EARBY AREA 15 A WORK FORCE ON THE MOVE 17 BUILDING THE RANCH 19 AFTER THE WAR 25 NORTHOLME ESTATE, A COMMUNITY CENTRED 33 CONCLUSION 37 APPENDIX 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY 44 4 Illustrations, pictures and maps 1 Google Road Map 2012 7 2 Old OS map of Earby. Map ref. HOSM44247 before 1939 9 3 OS Map of the Northolme Estate 1973 10 4 Taken from the 1974 town booklet * 11 5 Essential War Workers of Grove Mill, Earby * 18 6 Grade II Listed Phoenix prefabs in Wake Green Road, Birmingham 19 7 Airoh designed prefab and brochure 19 8 Construction drawings of prefabs, Peter Dawson and * 21 9 Earlsdon Ave from Warwick Drive 22 10 Prefabs (evening) on Warwick Drive (the Tops) 22 11 Northolme under construction. 22 12 69 Kenilworth Drive 22 13 Northolme from the South 22 14 The Garden on Churchill Ave 22 15 Northolme estate (1945) showing 168 prefabricated homes 23 16 The Arcon Five Standard 1945 Prefab Layout was based upon the Phoenix prefab Earby http://www.codnor.info/Needham_street.php 24 17 Original community building shown with extension on the front 33 18 Prefabricated Community Centre, Warwick Drive, late 1980s 36 19 Brick Built Centre on what was Churchill Ave, 2014 36 20 Map of the Ranch, 2014 36 *by Kind Permission of Earby and District Historical Society Archives 5 The History of the Northholme Estate 1939-1979 さEvery community needs an idea of itself in order to survive, a clear self-image that makes it possible to tell the difference between itself and other communitiesざ.1 INTRODUCTION In 1941, the devastation of Coventry and other industrial centres by the German Luftwaffe, led to shado fatoies akig stategiall ipotat ites eig set up i appaetl safe aeas around the country. Rover tank production and Rolls Royce aircraft production, together with warehousing for vital supplies, were secretly located in the small Yorkshire/Lancashire border industrial town of Earby. This is the focus of this dissertation. Amongst other things, these factories led to the influx of a workforce from Coventry and the Midlands unlike anything seen in the area before, including many female workers making their contributions to the war effort. The dissertation will examine the effects that the arrival of the manufacture of armaments had on life in this town then and in ensuing decades and on its economic growth. The localised basis will provide a very tight focus, and allow great attention to detail, while taking into consideration the general historical context.2 The focus of the dissertation is the Northolme Estate, colloquiall ko as The ‘ah, which was created to house the outsides, o offcomeduns as the ee geeall ko in typical Yorkshire fashion. This paper will explore how the estate became a permanent part of Earby life, but has somehow retained its semi-detached status to the present day. This allows the dissertation to address a number of social issues that arose on this estate and exist to the present day. Most incomers left but some decided to stay; their reasons for staying, and for coming in the first place, will be investigated. The Northolme is particularly significant as one of 1 Rodney Castleden, The Element Encyclopedia of the Celts, Harper Collins 2012 London p xi 2 British shadow factories were a plan developed by the British Government to implement additional manufacturing capacity for the British aircraft industry, in the build-up to World War II. 6 the first prefabricated estates built in England and the views of tenants on such housing, then and subsequently, will also be examined.3 It will consider the historical reasons behind the estates construction which has played a pivotal role in the overall rate of Earbys growth in comparison to the growth rate of neighbouring Earby Fig 1 Google Road Map 2012 3 Developed by the Air Ministry under the internal project name of the Shadow Scheme, the project was created by Sir Kingsley Wood and headed by Herbert Austin. 7 towns such as Colne, Nelson and Burnley. It will attempt to link both the history of the area and the effects of governmental changes made during the war years of 1939-45. Earby is a small town of 6,116 people (2014), (4,625 in 1938). Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, it is now within the Borough of Pendle, Lancashire. Earby was an Urban District, however it is now classed as a small town, part of a very complex urban rural system within the mostly rural West Craven Area of Pendle. It is approximately five miles north of Colne, seven miles south-west of Skipton, and eleven miles north-east of Burnley. The parish had a population of 4,348 recorded in the 2001 census.4 On the south-eastern edge of the town, on a connecting road between the A56 and the B6383, one mile from the small village of Salterforth, lies a small housing development of semi-prefabricated Spooner-built council houses built in the mid 1950s - this housing estate, named by developers The Northolme Estate, is ool ko as The Ranch.5 Little has been written about this particular subject even though there have been papers based around prefabricated housing, shadow factories and the contributions of a female workforce. It is hoped that The Histo of Nothole Estate, Earby 1939 – , ill provide some significant conclusions about prefabricated housing, social cohesion and social migration. This dissertation will consider differing aspects of Bitais pre-war housing and works policies; the decisions to incorporate prefabricated buildings as part of the pre-war rebuilding strategies; the effects on insular communities; and the social and cultural interactions as a consequence of housing policies adopted, with direct implications on the Northolme Estate. The following sources are therefore of some importance: Professor Peter Malpass has done much work on 4 "Parish headcount". Lancashire County Council. Retrieved 2009-01-10. 5 Post-war temporary prefabricated (prefab) houses were the major part of the delivery plan envisaged in March 1944 by war- time Prime Minister, Winston Churchill and legally outlined in the Housing (Temporary Accommodation) Act 1944, to address the United Kingdom's post–World War II housing shortage. 8 British Housing Policies from the 1940s to the present day which will be considered within the dissertation. Fig 2 Old OS map of Earby before 1939. Map ref. HOSM44247 The History of Prefabricated Housing by Brenda Vale, looks in some detail at the architectural plans of post-war prefabricated housing policies adopted, which in turn give depth to the policies adopted by the British government in post-wa Bitai ad the oset of the Ne Jeusale perception to housing shortages immediately after the cessation of the Second World War. i The dissertation will also consider in some detail the type of war-time production that was going on at the shadow factories secretly located in and around Earby with Rover Tank production and Rolls Royce aircraft production; and the influx of a female workforce to the area and the contributions they made to the war effort. Penny Summerfield gives a great insight into the mobilisation of young, single women during the early periods of the Second World War. They were taken from their loved ones in cities such as Barnsley, Doncaster and Sheffield, to a rural area, to share rooms and accommodation with complete strangers, while carrying out essential 9 war work.6 G. Bead Woods ook, Yorkshire Villages, gives an insight into the small village or town mentality of the populations of small rural communities in Yorkshire and the growth or lack of growth, of such villages. Fig 3 OS Map of the Northolme Estate 1973 Earby was originally one of these villages. While the village of Earby has now grown into a small town, its overall social mentality seems to have become stagnant and failed to grow at the same rate as the towns physical boundaries. This gives some substance to the concept of Offcumden and the levels of discrimination that can often be directed at strangers from unknown places. It is still not uncommon to walk into a busy and rowdy pub in Earby to be met with complete silence and suspicious eyes. 6 Earby War Workers, Mrs. Williams, Cae Heald // Ea Ahies, Ms. Willias epeiees of eig a foed migrant worker during the Second World War. 10 The dissertation will consider the social changes and overriding effects on both the local community and on the people effectively drafted into this area from an inner city environment and how these changes, to such diversely opposing communities, have given rise to a possible unique form of discrimination, that has had a ripple effect upon the town for over seventy years, predominantly during the 1970s and 80s.
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