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Mapping Percentile Statistics of Element Concentrations in Moss Specimens Collected from 1990 to 2015 in Forests Throughout Germany T

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Mapping Percentile Statistics of Element Concentrations in Moss Specimens Collected from 1990 to 2015 in Forests Throughout Germany T Atmospheric Environment 190 (2018) 161–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Atmospheric Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv Mapping percentile statistics of element concentrations in moss specimens collected from 1990 to 2015 in forests throughout Germany T ∗ Winfried Schrödera, Stefan Nickelb, a Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, P.O.B., Postfach 1553, 49364, Vechta, Germany b Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, P.O.B. 1553, 49364, Vechta, Germany ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Monitoring and mapping of atmospheric deposition can be achieved by use of chemical transport models, Atmospheric deposition technical sampling devices and/or bio-accumulators such as mosses, lichens, etc. Within the European Moss Bio-accumulation Survey programme, since 1990 every 5 years mos specimens have been collected and analysed for heavy metals, Geographic information system (GIS) nitrogen and persistent organic pollutants according a harmonised methodology. Calculation and geostatistical Heavy metals mapping of percentile statistics of element concentration in moss is in the focus of this paper. Thereby, element- Nitrogen and survey-specific as well as heavy metals and surveys integrating statistical evaluations and GIS-mapping were Mapping Percentile statistics performed. Cr, Sb and Zn show contrary to Fe and Pb, no constant decrease of element concentrations, but an intermediate increase between 2000 and 2005, which did not continue until 2015. Cd, Hg, Pb and N which are of priority according to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution are in focus in this paper. Additionally, Cr is regarded as representing those elements with an intermediate increase between the years 2000 and 2005 as is also true for Sb and Zn. Surveys integrating percentile statistics depict the spatial patterns of, in most cases, declining element concentrations across time. Survey-specific statistical analyses corroborate that the spatial patterns of element concentrations in moss are changing element-specifically across time. The long- term information on the percentile statistics of bioaccumulation of atmospheric deposition in moss is essential for further scientific evaluation as well as for measurements and reporting of nature protection and environ- mental management. 1. Background and aim Schröder et al., 2011, 2012). This data is added by concentrations of heavy metals (HM; since 1990), nitrogen (N; since 2005) and persistent Emissions of elements from natural and anthropogenic (technical) organic pollutants (POP; since 2010) determined in moss specimens sources come down to earth as wet, occult or dry deposition at locations sampled throughout Europe. Since 2000, this European Moss Survey distant from their origin where they accumulate in biomass and soils (EMS) is part of the International Cooperative Programme on Effects of (Ulrich and Sumner, 1991). The geographical pattern of element de- Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation). Since position and accumulation is influenced by chemical and physical ele- 1990, the EMS has covered up to 7.300 sampling sites in up to 36 ment characteristics, meteorological and topographical conditions, land European countries every five years enabling to map spatial patterns of use and vegetation structure. Potential ecological impacts such as metal bio-accumulation and to derive deposition estimates by regression accumulation in food chains, and acidification and eutrophication of modelling (Berg and Steinnes., 1997; Berg et al., 2010; Harmens et al., soils and limnic ecosystems (Nickel and Schröder, 2015) are intended to 2015; Schröder et al., 2008a, 2008b, 2010). be avoided through the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Sampling and chemical analysis of moss specimens as well as clas- Pollution (CLRTAP) addressing the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), lead sification and mapping of element concentrations determined follow a (Pb), and mercury (Hg) as well as nitrogen (N). The European Mon- harmonised methodology (for EMS, 2015 refer to ICP Vegetation, itoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) is to collate emission data, 2014). This international classification does not allow displaying much to collect atmospheric deposition Europe-wide by technical devices, spatial variance with decreasing element concentrations. Therefore, and to calculate and map atmospheric deposition by chemical transport this investigation aims at developing a classification of element con- models (Colette et al., 2016; Enghardt et al., 2017; Tørseth et al., 2012; centrations based on quantiles of the measurement data. By example of ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (W. Schröder), [email protected] (S. Nickel). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.030 Received 29 March 2018; Received in revised form 11 July 2018; Accepted 13 July 2018 1352-2310/ © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. W. Schröder, S. Nickel Atmospheric Environment 190 (2018) 161–168 Fig. 1. Sampling sites and elements regarded the German Moss Surveys 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2015. SH = Schleswig-Holstein; MV = Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; HH = Hamburg; NI = Lower Saxony; BE = Berlin; ST = Saxony-Anhalt; BB = Brandenburg; NW = North Rhine-Westphalia; SN = Saxony; TH = Thuringia; HE = Hesse; RP = Rhineland Palatinate; SL = Saarland; BY = Bavaria; BW = Baden-Wuerttemberg. Fig. 2. Spatial patterns of 10 percentile classes of Cd concentrations in moss specimens calculated integratively for the EMS 1990–2015 (above) and specifically for each of five EMS (below). 162 Download English Version: https://daneshyari.com/en/article/8863478 Download Persian Version: https://daneshyari.com/article/8863478 Daneshyari.com.
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