Roma Hukuku'nda Iniuria

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Roma Hukuku'nda Iniuria T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ÖZEL HUKUK ANABİLİM DALI ROMA HUKUKU’NDA INIURIA Yüksek Lisans Tezi Alaz TARHAN Ankara – 2019 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ÖZEL HUKUK ANABİLİM DALI ROMA HUKUKU’NDA INIURIA Yüksek Lisans Tezi Alaz TARHAN Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Ahmet Nadi GÜNAL Ankara – 2019 İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER ...................................................................................................................... i KISALTMALAR ................................................................................................................. iv GİRİŞ ..................................................................................................................................... 5 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM ROMA HUKUKU'NDA BORÇ VE ÖZEL SUÇ I. Roma Hukuku’nda Borç ............................................................................................... 8 A. Borç Kavramı ................................................................................................................ 8 B. Borçların Sebepleri (Kaynakları) ................................................................................ 11 II. Roma Hukuku’nda Özel Suç (Haksız Fiil) ................................................................ 13 A. Genel Olarak ............................................................................................................... 13 B. Özel Suç ve Kamu Suçu Ayrımı ................................................................................. 14 C. Ius Civile Tarafından Tanınan Özel Suçlar ................................................................. 16 1. Furtum .................................................................................................................... 16 2. Rapina .................................................................................................................... 16 3. Damnum Iniuria Datum ......................................................................................... 17 4. Iniuria ..................................................................................................................... 17 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ROMA HUKUKU’NDA INIURIA I. Iniuria Kavramı ........................................................................................................... 18 A. Genel Iniuria Kavramı ................................................................................................ 18 B. Özel Iniuria Kavramları .............................................................................................. 20 II. XII Levha Kanunu Öncesinde Iniuria ....................................................................... 22 III. XII Levha Kanunu Kapsamında Iniuria ................................................................... 29 A. Genel Olarak ............................................................................................................... 29 B. Membrum Ruptum ....................................................................................................... 32 C. Os Fractum ................................................................................................................. 37 D. Basit Iniuria ................................................................................................................ 39 E. Iniuria Kapsamında Olduğu İleri Sürülen Diğer Suçlar ............................................. 41 1. Büyü Suçları ........................................................................................................... 41 2. Cinsel Saldırı Suçu ................................................................................................. 46 3. Kişiyi Hürriyetinden Yoksun Kılma Suçu ............................................................. 47 4. Başkasının Ağacını Kesme Suçu ............................................................................ 50 IV. Praetor Reformları Kapsamında Iniuria ................................................................... 52 A. Genel Olarak ............................................................................................................... 52 B. Praetor Beyannameleri ............................................................................................... 57 1. Iniuria’ya İlişkin Genel Beyanname ...................................................................... 57 2. Convicium’a İlişkin Beyanname ............................................................................ 59 a. Genel Olarak ...................................................................................................... 59 b. Convicium’un Anlamı ........................................................................................ 61 c. Convicium’un Şartları ........................................................................................ 63 i. Fiil Kalabalık İçinde ve Bağırma Çağırma Şeklinde İşlenmelidir ................ 63 ii. Fiil Belirli Bir Kişiye Karşı İşlenmelidir ...................................................... 65 iii. Fiil Kişinin Küçük Düşmesine Yol Açmalıdır ve İyi Ahlaka Aykırı Olmalıdır ............................................................................................ 66 3. Adtemptata Pudicitia’ya İlişkin Beyanname .......................................................... 68 a. Genel Olarak ...................................................................................................... 68 b. Adtemptata Pudicitia’nın Şartları ...................................................................... 71 i. Söz Atmaya ve Takip Etmeye İlişkin Şartlar ................................................ 71 ii. Refakatçiden Ayrı Düşürmeye İlişkin Şartlar ............................................... 74 4. Servum Alienum Verberare’ye İlişkin Beyanname ................................................ 76 a. Genel Olarak ...................................................................................................... 76 b. Servum Alienum Verberare’nin Şartları ............................................................ 78 i. Fiil Köleye Dayak Atma veya İşkence Etme Şeklinde İşlenmelidir ............. 78 ii. Fiil Neticesinde Kölenin Efendisinin Manevi Varlığına Karşı Bir Tecavüz Gerçekleşmelidir ...................................................................... 81 iii. Fiil İyi Ahlaka Aykırı Olmalıdır ve Haklı Nedene Dayanmamalıdır ........... 82 5. Ne Quid Infamandi Causa Fiat’a İlişkin Beyanname ............................................ 85 a. Genel Olarak ...................................................................................................... 85 b. Ne Quid Infamandi Causa Fiat’a İlişkin Tecavüz Örnekleri ............................ 87 c. Ne Quid Infamandi Causa Fiat’ın Şartları ........................................................ 95 C. Actio Iniuriarum Aestimatoria .................................................................................... 96 1. Genel Olarak ........................................................................................................... 96 2. Davanın Konusu Olarak Iniuria’nın Şartları .......................................................... 97 a. Fiil Kişiyi Küçük Düşürme Kastı ile İşlenmelidir ............................................. 97 b. Fiil Hukuka Aykırı Olmalıdır .......................................................................... 100 3. Davanın Özellikleri .............................................................................................. 104 a. Dava Bir Ceza Davasıdır ................................................................................. 104 b. Dava Mirasçılar Tarafından ve Mirasçılara Karşı Açılamaz ........................... 104 c. Dava Bir Yıllık Hak Düşürücü Süreye Tabidir ............................................... 106 4. Davada Taraflar .................................................................................................... 107 a. Davacı Taraf .................................................................................................... 107 b. Davalı Taraf ..................................................................................................... 113 5. Davanın Yürütülmesi ........................................................................................... 118 a. Davanın Açılması ve Sürdürülmesi ................................................................. 118 b. Davanın Sona Ermesi ve Karar ....................................................................... 122 c. Davaların Yarışması Meselesi ......................................................................... 127 V. Lex Cornelia de Iniuriis ............................................................................................. 131 A. Genel Olarak ............................................................................................................. 131 B. Lex Cornelia’nın Mahiyeti ........................................................................................ 133 1. Genel Olarak ......................................................................................................... 133 ii 2. Kişiyi İtip Kakma ve Kişiye Dayak Atma Fiilleri ................................................ 134 3. Kişinin Evine Zorla Girilmesi Fiili ...................................................................... 134 C. Actio Ex Lege Cornelia ............................................................................................. 138 VI. İmparatorluk Devrinde Iniuria ................................................................................ 142 A. Genel Olarak
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