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GMA Classiccut Brochure
GMA Garnet ClassicCutTM GUARANTEED PURITY | HIGHER PERFORMANCE | NO OVERSIZE GRAINS | REDUCED ABRASIVE CONSUMPTION The World’s Most Popular Waterjet Abrasive Major Industries GMA Garnet™ is the recognised industry standard among manufacturers of • Stone Cutting waterjet cutting machinery. It is precisely engineered to support both peak • Metalworking performance and longer lasting operating life of today’s highly sensitive • Manufacturing waterjet cutting tools. • Aerospace • Automotive The unique grain hardness of GMA Garnet™ guarantees highest production • Defense rates and a perfect cutting edge from the first cut. Consistent, accurate • Glass Cutting product sizing ensures no oversize grains, and enables steady abrasive flow • Transportation with no blockages in the focusing tube. Additionally, we offer the widest variety of job specific waterjet cutting abrasives which allows our customers to deliver optimal results. ASIA PACIFIC | AMERICAS | EUROPE | MIDDLE EAST gmagarnet.com GMA Garnet™ Waterjet Cutting Abrasives GMA Garnet™ Grade Focusing Tube Orifice ClassicCut™ 50 .050” .016 - .018” High Speed Cutting 500-200 micron 1.27mm .407 - .457mm ClassicCut™ 80 .030 - .040” .010 - .014” Precision Edge (Industry Standard) 350-150 micron .762 - 1.02mm .254 - .356mm ClassicCut™ 120 .020 - .030” .007 - .010” High Precision Edge 200-100 micron .508 - .762mm .178 - .254mm Cutting Abrasive Applications Distribution & Packaging ClassicCut™ 50 GMA Garnet™ is ideally suited for Our products are readily High Speed Cutting. Where high performance all applications including: available through our established cutting is paramount. • Carbon Steel distribution network across • Stainless Steel Europe. ClassicCut™ 80 The most versatile waterjet abrasive grade. • Aluminium Our packaging options: Delivers the optimum balance of cutting speed • Copper • 25 kg paper bags on 1 metric and precision edging.
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Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy
Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy How do democracies form and what makes them die? Daniel Ziblatt revisits this timely and classic question in a wide-ranging historical narrative that traces the evolution of modern political democracy in Europe from its modest beginnings in 1830s Britain to Adolf Hitler’s 1933 seizure of power in Weimar Germany. Based on rich historical and quantitative evidence, the book offers a major reinterpretation of European history and the question of how stable political democracy is achieved. The barriers to inclusive political rule, Ziblatt finds, were not inevitably overcome by unstoppable tides of socioeconomic change, a simple triumph of a growing middle class, or even by working class collective action. Instead, political democracy’s fate surprisingly hinged on how conservative political parties – the historical defenders of power, wealth, and privilege – recast themselves and coped with the rise of their own radical right. With striking modern parallels, the book has vital implications for today’s new and old democracies under siege. Daniel Ziblatt is Professor of Government at Harvard University where he is also a resident fellow of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies. He is also currently Fernand Braudel Senior Fellow at the European University Institute. His first book, Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the Puzzle of Federalism (2006) received several prizes from the American Political Science Association. He has written extensively on the emergence of democracy in European political history, publishing in journals such as American Political Science Review, Journal of Economic History, and World Politics.
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Localism and Direct Democracy: Comparative Perspective from West European Representative Democracies By Dr Matt Qvortrup Cranfield University Presentation for the All-Party Parliamentary Group on the Constitution 22nd November 2011 House of Lords Abstract: After a quick overview of the British provisions for direct democracy, this paper looks at experiences with initiatives and other forms of direct legislation at the local level in Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. It is generally concluded that these mechanisms provide a complement to representative government and generally result in more consensus government. While the effects have generally been positive there is little evidence to suggest that provisions for direct legislation has policy effects, i.e. lead to higher or lower levels of taxation or enhances – or the opposite – citizen participation. A nation does not have to be judged fit for democracy; it becomes it through democracy! Amartya Sen1. In a classic analysis A. H. Birch famously observed, that “there has been no support at all for the idea that the initiative and the referendum should be adopted as a permanent institution of government, as it is in Switzerland. Views of this kind...have never acquired any kind of influence”2. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1 http://www.wmd.org/assemblies/first-assembly/keynote 2 A.H. Birch (1964) Representative and Responsible Government: An Essey on the British Constitution, London, Allen and Unwin, pp.227-228. Despite experiments with referendums in the 1970s, this view remained valid until the 1990s. Indeed, as recently as the 1990s, a Tristan Garrell-Jones, then the Minister for Europe in a Conservative Government, said the very idea of a referendum “was an abdication of the responsibility of the House [of Commons] and of the Government of the day” 3.
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Party Unity in Evolving Parliamentary Democracies
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Complete Report
INTERNATIONAL CO N G RESS OF JURISTS WEST BERLIN 1952 Complete Report Discourses Pro tocols Printed by Rudolf Ofto, 63, Lutzowsfrcsse, Berlin W 35, Germony « The first greatINTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF JURISTSfor the protection of Right against Systematic Injustice was recently held in West Berlin with the cooperation of Delegates from 43 countries, amongst whom were 31 Ministers and Statesmen, 32 Professors, 35 Presidents, Judges and Counsel in High Courts of Justice. The names of these Delegates warrant that the resolutions were passed by the Congress unprejudiced by political questions of the day and after scrupulous examination of the documentary material and the hearing of witnesses. The publication of this report is being done not for propaganda purposes, but with the object of spreading the truth in order to maintain and defend Law against an im minent danger not yet sufficiently understood by the Free World. Published by the International Commission- of Jurists 47, Buitenhof, The Hague, Netherlands Berlin■ Offices: 5, Lindenthaler Allee, Berlin-Zehlendorf-West, Germany i 1/0t f a k e tin likexhp to inform you that the Collection of Documents often referred to in this report as hearing the title “Injustice as a System” is in the original entitled “Injustice the Regime C ontents Page Page Part One: The Development of Public Law in Latvia, by M. C a k ste............................................................ 26 Preparation Legal Development in Estonia, , and Plenary Meetings of Congress by H. Mark ............................! ...................... ................ 27 FOURTH D A Y ................................................................... 30 IDEA AND PREPARATION ....................................... 1 Discussion and adoption of the Resolution of the Committee FIRST PLENARY MEETING......................................
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THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF PARLIAMENTARY GENDER QUOTA AND PARITY LEGISLATION IN FRANCE, SPAIN, AND GERMANY by Robert Hahn LLM Capstone Thesis in Comparative Constitutional Law CEU eTD Collection Supervisor: Mathias Möschel Central European University © Central European University 7 June 2020 Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 6 2 Background Information .................................................................................................... 9 2.1 International Overview ................................................................................................ 9 2.2 History of Gender Quotas for Parliaments in France and Spain ............................... 10 3 Constitutional Objections to Gender Quotas .................................................................... 11 3.1 Democratic Universalism .......................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 Universalism and Representation: The Case against Gender Quotas ................ 12 3.1.2 Counter-Arguments to the Universalist Objection ............................................. 15 3.2 Electoral Equality ...................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Electoral Freedom .....................................................................................................
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Potsdamer Mitte 2013
20121219 v009 eng Historic centre exhibition site Humboldtstraße and area surround- Havel riverside buildings The new Landtag parliament The old city centre of Potsdam is being recreated. On the outlines of ing the Landtag/Steubenplatz and promenade in Potsdam the City Palace, the new Landtag of Brandenburg is being constructed. In Breite Straße the Garrison Church is to be rebuilt. The round tour The surrounding streets and squares must be resurfaced gives information on these and other projects in Potsdam. before the Landtag of Brandenburg can move into its new pre- After the archaeological excavations are finished and the Just in time before the onset of winter, the work on the recon- Dates: April to October 2013, every first Saturday of the month mises in the old market square. The access road for the new construction site on the Havel riverside is cleared, construc- structed façades and the copper roof of the new Landtag buil- Duration: 1.5 hours tion work on the new development at the Alte Fahrt riverside ding, modelled on the historic City Palace, was to the greatest Meeting point: 2 p.m., Tourist Information Centre in Potsdam Main Station Landtag building and the Havel riverside houses will be Hum- Potsdam Price: 7 € per person, tickets available at the tourist information offices at boldtstraße. In continuation of the surface in the old market will begin in 2013. On eight building plots, residential and extent completed. Even before its final stage of construction, Brandenburger Straße 3 and in Potsdam Main Station. square, granite paving has already been laid on the northern office buildings will be constructed, thus recreating important the new Landtag building is already an impressive structure.
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Strasbourg, 2 April 2004 MIN-LANG/PR (2004) 1 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Second Periodical Report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter GERMANY SECOND REPORT submitted by the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY under Article 15, paragraph 1, of the EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES 2003 SECOND REPORT submitted by the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY under Article 15, paragraph 1, of the EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES 2003 2nd State Report Germany: European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Table of Contents Nos. Part A General Situation and General Framework 1 - 104 Part B Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers 105 - 117 Part C Protection of Regional or Minority Languages under 118 - 207 Part II (Article 7) of the Charter Part D Implementation of the obligations undertaken with 208 - 1385 regard to the various languages D.2.1 Danish Danish in the Danish speech area in Schleswig- 252 - 357 Holstein Art. 8 252 - 278 Art. 9 279 - 282 Art. 10 283 - 302 Art. 11 303 - 337 Art. 12 338 - 347 Art. 13 348 - 353 Art. 14 354 - 357 D.2.2 Sorbian Sorbian (Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian 358 - 514 (Wendish)) in the Sorbian speech area in the Länder of Brandenburg and Saxony Art. 8 358 - 424 Art. 9 425 - 432 Art. 10 433 - 457 Art. 11 458 - 482 Art. 12 483 - 505 Art. 13 506 - 514 D.2.3 North North Frisian in the North Frisian speech area in 515 - 625 Frisian Schleswig-Holstein Art.
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1 Joint Declaration
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