Behavioral Neuroscience Uab Graduate Handbook
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The Creation of Neuroscience
The Creation of Neuroscience The Society for Neuroscience and the Quest for Disciplinary Unity 1969-1995 Introduction rom the molecular biology of a single neuron to the breathtakingly complex circuitry of the entire human nervous system, our understanding of the brain and how it works has undergone radical F changes over the past century. These advances have brought us tantalizingly closer to genu- inely mechanistic and scientifically rigorous explanations of how the brain’s roughly 100 billion neurons, interacting through trillions of synaptic connections, function both as single units and as larger ensem- bles. The professional field of neuroscience, in keeping pace with these important scientific develop- ments, has dramatically reshaped the organization of biological sciences across the globe over the last 50 years. Much like physics during its dominant era in the 1950s and 1960s, neuroscience has become the leading scientific discipline with regard to funding, numbers of scientists, and numbers of trainees. Furthermore, neuroscience as fact, explanation, and myth has just as dramatically redrawn our cultural landscape and redefined how Western popular culture understands who we are as individuals. In the 1950s, especially in the United States, Freud and his successors stood at the center of all cultural expla- nations for psychological suffering. In the new millennium, we perceive such suffering as erupting no longer from a repressed unconscious but, instead, from a pathophysiology rooted in and caused by brain abnormalities and dysfunctions. Indeed, the normal as well as the pathological have become thoroughly neurobiological in the last several decades. In the process, entirely new vistas have opened up in fields ranging from neuroeconomics and neurophilosophy to consumer products, as exemplified by an entire line of soft drinks advertised as offering “neuro” benefits. -
The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’S Disease
life Review The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease Gianfranco Natale 1,2,* , Larisa Ryskalin 1 , Gabriele Morucci 1 , Gloria Lazzeri 1, Alessandro Frati 3,4 and Francesco Fornai 1,4 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (F.F.) 2 Museum of Human Anatomy “Filippo Civinini”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy 3 Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 4 Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is provided with a peculiar nervous network, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is dedicated to the fine control of digestive functions. This forms a complex network, which includes several types of neurons, as well as glial cells. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive classification of these neurons is still lacking. The complexity of ENS is magnified by a multiple control of the central nervous system, and bidirectional communication between various central nervous areas and the gut occurs. This lends substance to the complexity of the microbiota–gut–brain axis, which represents the network governing homeostasis through nervous, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. The present manuscript is dedicated to Citation: Natale, G.; Ryskalin, L.; identifying various neuronal cytotypes belonging to ENS in baseline conditions. -
Joan Y. Chiao
JOAN Y. CHIAO Department of Psychology Northwestern University 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 Email: [email protected] Phone: 847.467.0481 ACADEMIC POSITIONS 2006-present Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University Affiliated Faculty, Neuroscience Institute (NUIN) Affiliated Faculty, Cognitive Science Program Affiliated Faculty, Asian American Studies Program Affiliated Faculty, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center Affiliated Faculty, Multidisciplinary Program in Educational Science Affiliated Faculty, Technology and Social Behavior Program Faculty Associate, Institute for Policy Research EDUCATION Ph.D. Harvard University in Psychology, 2001-2006 B.S. Stanford University in Symbolic Systems with Honors, 1996-2000 RESEARCH INTERESTS • Social affective and cultural neuroscience • Race and its influence on perception, cognition and emotion • Psychological and neural mechanisms underlying social status and dominance • Integration of psychology and neuroscience research to public policy and population health issues HONORS, AWARDS and FELLOWSHIPS 2011 Association for Psychological Science Rising Star Award 2011 NIMH Early Career International Travel Award 2006-07 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellow 2003-06 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship 2005 John Merck Summer Institute: Biology of Developmental Disabilities Allport Travel Funds, Harvard George W. Goethals Teaching Prizes, Harvard Cognitive Neuroscience Society Graduate Student Presenter Award -
NEUROSCIENCE Neuroscience the Science of the Brain
InformatIon sheet NEUROSCIENCE Neuroscience The science of the brain “ Everything you think, everything you Neuroscientists study the nervous system. They do, everything you feel, comes from apply a wide range of scientific disciplines: anatomy, biochemistry, computer science, pharmacology, that 2kg of ugly grey matter inside physiology, psychology, and zoology. It’s all about your skull, and if you start from that understanding how the brain and nervous system work, premise, it’s hard not to be curious and it’s one of the fastest growing areas of science. about how that even begins to be The University of Otago is the only New Zealand possible.” university to offer an undergraduate degree in neuroscience. As an interdisciplinary programme, it is Irene Ballagh Neuroscience Graduate taught by staff from a large number of departments. Each teaches a separate “neuro” component – but the result is a coherent, integrated subject in its own right. YoUr PLaCe In the WorLD 0800 80 80 98 www.otago.ac.nz txt 866 [email protected] Why study neuroscience? You can read details about what several How will I study? neuroscience graduates are doing on our The brain is a final frontier… a last great website. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the unknown. neuroscience programme, teaching styles vary between papers. Many first and second year Neuroscientists are its explorers. They try What papers do I take? papers are taught through a combination to understand how the brain functions, how First year of lectures and laboratory sessions, while it deals with injury or damage, and how it Essential first year papers provide third year papers will have group projects develops and changes over time. -
Immersive Virtual Reality Methods in Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology: Meeting the Criteria of the National Academy Of
Immersive virtual reality methods in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology: Meeting the criteria of the National Academy of Neuropsychology and American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Panagiotis Kourtesisa,b,c,d* and Sarah E. MacPhersone,f aNational Research Institute of Computer Science and Automation, INRIA, Rennes, France; bUniv Rennes, Rennes, France; cResearch Institute of Computer Science and Random Systems, IRISA, Rennes, France; dFrench National Centre for Scientific Research, CNRS, Rennes, France. eHuman Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; fDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; * Panagiotis Kourtesis, National Research Institute of Computer Science and Automation, INRIA, Rennes, France. Email: [email protected] Abstract Clinical tools involving immersive virtual reality (VR) may bring several advantages to cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology. However, there are some technical and methodological pitfalls. The American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) and the National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN) raised 8 key issues pertaining to Computerized Neuropsychological Assessment Devices. These issues pertain to: (1) the safety and effectivity; (2) the identity of the end-user; (3) the technical hardware and software features; (4) privacy and data security; (5) the psychometric properties; (6) examinee issues; (7) the use of reporting services; and (8) the reliability of the responses and results. The VR Everyday Assessment Lab (VR-EAL) is the first immersive VR neuropsychological battery with enhanced ecological validity for the assessment of everyday cognitive functions by offering a pleasant testing experience without inducing cybersickness. The VR-EAL meets the criteria of the NAN and AACN, addresses the methodological pitfalls, and brings advantages for neuropsychological testing. -
Social Neuroscience and Psychopathology: Identifying the Relationship Between Neural Function, Social Cognition, and Social Beha
Hooker, C.I. (2014). Social Neuroscience and Psychopathology, Chapter to appear in Social Neuroscience: Mind, Brain, and Society Social Neuroscience and Psychopathology: Identifying the relationship between neural function, social cognition, and social behavior Christine I. Hooker, Ph.D. ***************************** Learning Goals: 1. Identify main categories of social and emotional processing and primary neural regions supporting each process. 2. Identify main methodological challenges of research on the neural basis of social behavior in psychopathology and strategies for addressing these challenges. 3. Identify how research in the three social processes discussed in detail – social learning, self-regulation, and theory of mind – inform our understanding of psychopathology. Summary Points: 1. Several psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, are characterized by social functioning deficits, but there are few interventions that effectively address social problems. 2. Treatment development is hindered by research challenges that limit knowledge about the neural systems that support social behavior, how those neural systems and associated social behaviors are compromised in psychopathology, and how the social environment influences neural function, social behavior, and symptoms of psychopathology. 3. These research challenges can be addressed by tailoring experimental design to optimize sensitivity of both neural and social measures as well as reduce confounds associated with psychopathology. 4. Investigations on the neural mechanisms of social learning, self-regulation, and Theory of Mind provide examples of methodological approaches that can inform our understanding of psychopathology. 5. High-levels of neuroticism, which is a vulnerability for anxiety disorders, is related to hypersensitivity of the amygdala during social fear learning. 6. High-levels of social anhedonia, which is a vulnerability for schizophrenia- spectrum disorders, is related to reduced lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) activity 1 Hooker, C.I. -
Dissociating Hippocampal Versus Basal Ganglia Contributions to Learning and Transfer
Dissociating Hippocampal versus Basal Ganglia Contributions to Learning and Transfer Catherine E. Myers1, Daphna Shohamy1, Mark A. Gluck1, Steven Grossman1, Alan Kluger2, Steven Ferris3, James Golomb3, 4 5 Geoffrey Schnirman , and Ronald Schwartz Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/15/2/185/1757757/089892903321208123.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 Abstract & Based on prior animal and computational models, we Parkinson’s disease, and healthy controls, using an ‘‘acquired propose a double dissociation between the associative learning equivalence’’ associative learning task. As predicted, Parkin- deficits observed in patients with medial temporal (hippo- son’s patients were slower on the initial learning but then campal) damage versus patients with Parkinson’s disease (basal transferred well, while the hippocampal atrophy group showed ganglia dysfunction). Specifically, we expect that basal ganglia the opposite pattern: good initial learning with impaired dysfunction may result in slowed learning, while individuals transfer. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a single with hippocampal damage may learn at normal speed. task has been used to demonstrate a double dissociation However, when challenged with a transfer task where between the associative learning impairments caused by previously learned information is presented in novel recombi- hippocampal versus basal ganglia damage/dysfunction. This nations, we expect that hippocampal damage will impair finding has implications for understanding the distinct -
Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience
ALBQ155_ch1.qxp 10/26/09 10:15 AM Page 1 chapter Origins of Behavioral OUTLINE ● Understanding Human Neuroscience Consciousness: A Physiological Approach Split Brains ● The Nature of Behavioral Neuroscience The Goals of Research 1 Biological Roots of Behavioral Neuroscience ● Natural Selection and Evolution Functionalism and the Inheritance of Traits Evolution of the Human Species Evolution of Large Brains ● Ethical Issues in Research with Animals ● Careers in Neuroscience ● Strategies for Learning LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the behavior of people with split brains and explain what study of this phenomenon contributes to our understanding of self-awareness. 2. Describe the goals of scientific research. 3. Describe the biological roots of behavioral neuroscience. 4. Describe the role of natural selection in the evolution of behavioral traits. 5. Describe the evolution of the human species. 6. Discuss the value of research with animals and ethical issues concerning their care. 7. Describe career opportunities in neuroscience. 8. Outline the strategies that will help you learn as much as possible from this book. ALBQ155_ch1.qxp 10/26/09 10:15 AM Page 2 PROLOGUE René’s Inspiration René, a lonely and intelligent young man of pursued her, an imposing statue of Neptune rose in front of him, eighteen years, had secluded himself in Saint- barring the way with his trident. Germain, a village to the west of Paris. He recently had suffered René was delighted. He had heard about the hydraulically a nervous breakdown and chose the retreat to recover. Even operated mechanical organs and the moving statues, but he had before coming to Saint-Germain, he had heard of the fabulous not expected such realism. -
The Behavioral Neuroscientist and Comparative Psychologist
BUSINESS NAME The Behavioral Neuroscientist and Comparative Psychologist Division 6, American Volume 25, Issue 2 Fall/Winter, 2010 Psychological Association Editor A Message From Division 6 President Gordon Burghardt David J. Bucci, PhD Dartmouth College As incoming president of Division 6 I was not totally aware of what would be entailed. Now that I am in the thick of helping plan the APA convention program, facilitating the operation of our various Division President committees such as Membership, Fellows, Awards, Gordon Burghhardt, PhD Students, and others, I see that I, along with many other Div. 6 members, take for granted the ‗gift‘ we have as one of the oldest APA divisions and the sup- port and resources available to us from APA. None- theless, there are problems that we need to discuss both within and across the many APA Divisions. In Inside this issue: this and future newsletter essays I want to raise is- sues, present proposals, and try to elicit some feed- back and dialogue that can be discussed within our Message from 1, 4- division listserv [email protected] or through President 5 personal exchanges at [email protected]. In any event, vigorous conversations seem to be needed. Membership Crisis & the Scientific Imperative APA council, but only one seat due to our small Division 6 2-3 The Division Services office of APA is concerned membership. Still, our impact on the field, as Officers about the health of all divisions, as many APA mem- shown by articles and research blurbs in the APA bers are not affiliating with any division and those Monitor and the flagship American Psychologist, belie remaining in divisions are rapidly aging and member- our small numbers. -
Psychologist Scope of Practice
The Honorable Eileen Cody 303 John L. O’Brien Building Olympia, WA 98504 April 23, 2020 The Honorable John Wiesman Secretary of Health Washington State Department of Health P.O. Box 47890 Olympia, Washington 98504-7890 Dear Secretary Wiesman, I am requesting that the Department of Health consider a Sunrise Review application for a proposal that would change the scope of practice for psychologists, namely giving this profession prescriptive authority for those with appropriate training. A copy of the proposal is attached for HB 2967 (2020). The House Health Care & Wellness Committee would be interested in an assessment of whether the proposal meets the sunrise criteria for expanding the scope of practice for a regulated health profession in Washington. I appreciate your consideration of this application and I look forward to receiving your report. Please contact my office if you have any questions. Sincerely, Representative Eileen Cody, RN Chair, House Health Care & Wellness Committee 34th Legislative District Cc: Kelly Cooper, Washington State Department of Health Melanie Smith, Washington State Psychological Association Representative Nicole Macri, 43rd Legislative District H-3313.2 HOUSE BILL 2967 State of Washington 66th Legislature 2020 Regular Session By Representative Macri 1 AN ACT Relating to the prescriptive authority of psychologists; 2 amending RCW 18.83.010, 18.83.050, 18.83.080, and 18.83.090; 3 reenacting and amending RCW 18.64.011, 18.79.260, and 69.50.101; and adding new sections to chapter 18.83 RCW.4 5 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON: 6 Sec. 1. -
Clinical Health Psychology Fellowship
Clinical Health Psychology Fellowship APA-ACCREDITED CLINICAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY FELLOWSHIP AT THE MAYO CLINIC APA-Accredited Clinical Health Psychology Fellowship at the Mayo Clinic The Clinical Health Psychology Fellowship is one of three tracks offered in the Medical Psychology Post-Doctoral Fellowship at Mayo Clinic. This APA-Accredited Fellowship is the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, which is one of the largest psychiatric treatment groups in the United States, with more than 80 psychologists and psychiatrists. The two-year fellowship includes clinical activities, 30% protected time for research, educational activities, as well as opportunities for teaching/leadership. The Clinical Health Psychology Fellowship offers both breadth and depth in health psychology training. Fellows choose a specialty area (“major rotation”) in which they focus the majority of their clinical and research work. Fellows receive their clinical supervision and research mentorship in their specialty area. In addition, fellows can obtain broad training through several minor rotations. The rotational schedule is flexible based on the fellows’ interests and goals. All major rotation areas are also offered as minor rotations. “Fellows are able to complete minor rotations in each specialty area during the two-year fellowship, or they may choose to focus on their major area of concentration.” Many of our faculty hold leadership positions in the department and the institution, offering our fellows formal and informal professional development opportunities to learn about the role of the Clinical Health Psychologist within an academic medical center setting. Our faculty includes individuals from diverse cultural and clinical training backgrounds. We strongly encourage diverse applicants to apply to our program, including international applicants. -
Social Cognitive Neuroscience: a Review of Core Systems
C HAPTER 2 2 SOCIAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE: A REVIEW OF CORE SYSTEMS Bruce P. Doré, Noam Zerubavel, and Kevin N. Ochsner Descartes famously argued that the mind is both SOCIAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE everlasting and indivisible (Descartes, 1988). If he APPROACH was right about the first part, he is probably pretty In the past decade, the field of social cognitive neuro- impressed with the advance of human knowledge science (SCN) has attempted to fill this gap, integrat- on the second. Although Descartes’ position on ing the theories and methods of two parent the indivisibility of the mind has been echoed at disciplines: social psychology and cognitive neurosci- times in the history of psychology and neurosci- ence. Stressing the interdependence of brain, mind, ence (Flourens & Meigs, 1846; Lashley, 1929; and social context, SCN seeks to explain psychological Uttal, 2003), the modern field has made steady phenomena at three levels of analysis: the neural level progress in demonstrating that subjective mental of brain systems, the cognitive level of information life can be understood as the product of distinct processing mechanisms, and the social level of the functional systems. Today, largely because of the experiences and actions of social agents (Ochsner & success of cognitive neuroscience models, Lieberman, 2001). In contrast to scientific approaches researchers understand that people’s intellectual that grant near exclusive focus to a single level of anal- faculties emerge from the operation of core ysis (e.g., behaviorism, artificial