HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES, Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University, 1583 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A

HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES EDITORS George G. Grabowicz and Edward L. Keenan, Harvard University ASSOCIATE EDITORS Michael S. Flier, Lubomyr Hajda, and Roman Szporluk, Harvard University; Frank E. Sysyn, University of Alberta FOUNDING EDITORS Omeljan Pritsak and Ihor Sevienko Harvard University MANAGING EDITOR Andrew Sorokowski BOOK REVIEW EDITOR Larry Wolff BUSINESS MANAGER Olga К. Mayo EDITORIAL BOARD Zvi Ankori, Tel Aviv University—John A. Armstrong, University of Wisconsin—Yaroslav Bilinsky, University of Delaware—Bohdan R. Bociurkiw, Carleton University, Ottawa—Axinia Djurova, University of Sofia—Olexa Horbatsch, University of Frankfurt—Halil inalcık, University of Chi- cago—Jaroslav D. Isajevych, Institute of Ukrainian Studies, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, L'viv— Edward Kasinec, New York Public Library—Magdalena László-Kutiuk, University of Bucharest— Walter Leitsch, University of Vienna—L. R. Lewitter, Cambridge University—G. Luciani, University of Bordeaux—George S. N. Luckyj, University of Toronto—M. Łesiów, Marie Curie-Sktodowska University, Lublin—Paul R. Magocsi, University of Toronto—Dimitri Obolensky, Oxford Univer- sity—Riccardo Picchio, Yale University—Marc Raeff, Columbia University—Hans Rothe, Univer- sity of Bonn—Bohdan Rubchak, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle—Władysław A. Serczyk, University of Warsaw at Białystok—George Y. Shevelov, Columbia University—Günther Stökl, University of Cologne—A. de Vincenz, University of Göttingen—Vaclav Źidlicky, Charles Univer- sity, Prague. COMMITTEE ON UKRAINIAN STUDIES, Harvard University Stanislaw Barańczak George G. Grabowicz (Chairman) Timothy Colton Edward L. Keenan Michael S. Flier Roman Szporluk Subscription rates per volume (two double issues) are $28.00 U.S. in the United States and Canada, $32.00 in other countries. The price of one double issue is $18.00 ($20.00 overseas). Correspondence should be addressed to HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES, Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University, 1583 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES Volume XVII Number 3/4 December 1993 Ukrainian Research Institute Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts The editors assume no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by contributors. Copyright 1996, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved ISSN 0363-5570 Published by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Printed byBookCrafters, Fredericksburg, Virginia Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life. CONTENTS ARTICLES Old Slavic Graffiti of Kyiv: Problems of Linguistic History 209 VLADIMIR OREL The Sound Change e>o in the Birchbark Letters of Novgorod and T. Fenne's Manual, and the N.sg m. Ending -e 219 CLAIRE LE FEUVRE The Circulation of Information about Ivan Vyhovsicyi 251 DAVID A. FRICK Insight and Blindness in the Reception of Sevcenko: The Case of Kostomarov 279 GEORGE G. GRABOWICZ DOCUMENTS Correspondence between Two Capitals: Simjaon Polacki's Letters to Varlaam Jasynsicyj (1664-1670) 341 PETER A. ROLLAND Mikhail Katkov and Mykola Kostomarov: A Note on Pëtr A. Valuev' s Anti-Ukrainian Edict of 1863 365 DAVID SAUNDERS REVIEWS Leonid BiletsTcyi, Rus'ka Pravda і istoriia її tekstu, ed. Iurii Knysh (Daniel H. Kaiser) 384 Daniel H. Kaiser, trans, and ed., The Laws of Rus'—Tenth to Fifteenth Centuries (Donald Ostrowski) 386 Bohdan Krawchenko, ed., Ukrainian Past, Ukrainian Present (Mark von Hagen) 387 Detlef Brandes, Von den Zaren adoptiert: Die deutschen Kolonisten und die Balkansiedler in Neurussland und Bessarabien, 1751-1914 (Leonard G. Friesen) 390 Theodore H. Friedgut, Iuzovka and Revolution, vol. 2, Politics and Revolution in Russia's Donbass, 1869-1924 (Hiroaki Kuromiya) 392 Moses Silberfarb, The Jewish Ministry and Jewish National Autonomy in Ukraine (Rudolf A. Mark) 394 Kurt I. Lewin, Journey through Illusions (Henry Abramson) 396 Wolodymyr Kosyk, The Third Reich and Ukraine (Wendy Morgan Lower) 397 Yoram Sheftel, Parashat Demyanyuk. Aliyato U-Nefilato Shel Mishpat Raava (Henry Abramson) 401 Larry E. Holmes, The Kremlin and the Schoolhouse (William Gleason) 402 Walter Cummins, ed., Shifting Borders: East European Poetries of the Eighties (Alexandra Sosno wski) 403 Stephen K. Batalden, ed., Seeking God; The Recovery of Religious Identity in Orthodox Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia (Jane Ellis) 405 George Nedungatt, SJ, The Spirit of the Eastern Code (Victor J. Pospishil) 407 Taras Kuzio and Andrew Wilson, Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence (Olexij HaranO 412 Roman Frydman et al., eds., The Privatization Process in Central Europe; The Privatization Process in Russia, Ukraine, and the Baltic States (Volodymyr Bandera) 414 Alexander J. Motyl, Dilemmas of Independence: Ukraine after Totalitarianism (Wendy Morgan Lower) 415 CONTRIBUTORS Vladimir Orel is senior lecturer in historical linguistics at the Faculty of Humanities, Tel Aviv University. Claire Le Feuvre is a graduate student at the École Pratique des Hautes Études, Sorbonne. David A. Frick is associate professor of Slavic languages and literatures at the University of California, Berkeley. George G. Grabowicz is Dmytro Cyzevslcyj Professor of Ukrainian Literature and Director of the Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University. David Saunders is senior lecturer in history at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Peter A. Rolland is associate professor in the Division of Slavic and East European Studies at the University of Alberta, Edmonton. Old Slavic Graffiti of Kyiv: Problems of Linguistic History* VLADIMIR OREL In memory of my grandfather Vladimir Orel buried in Kyiv During the last few decades, Slavic inscriptions discovered in the ancient architectural sites of Kyiv (St. Sophia Cathedral, Zvirynets' Caves, Kyiv Caves Monastery, Tithe Church, etc.) have been studied as historical, linguistic and paléographie monuments by a number of scholars including B. A. Rybakov (1947; 1959; 1963; 1964) and M. K. Karger (1950; 1961). There can be no doubt that the chief progress in the study of Kyivan graffiti was made by S. A. Vysotskii, who has published three monographs that may be considered the first corpus of graffiti (Vysotskii 1966; 1976; 1985). S. A. Vysotskii has carried out the enormous and intricate work of finding inscriptions on the walls, preserving them from destruction, photographing them, creating an adequate inventory, and so on. In order to achieve a more or less reliable chronology of the graffiti, he has also made an attempt to develop their paleography based on the traditional paleography of (East) Slavic parchment manuscripts. Owing to the high standards of Vysotskii's works and, in particular, to the general reliability of his photographs and drawings (a factor of particular importance in cases when work in situ is hardly possible, for various reasons), further progress in the analysis of Kyivan graffiti from the point of view of historical linguistics is now possible. Clearly enough, the time has come for a new publication of graffiti in which Vysotskii's achievements as well as the important findings of other scholars would be analyzed within the framework of the modern study of Slavic languages. Presently I am working, in co-authorship with my student A. Kulik, on a new project—a commented corpus of old Slavic graffiti of Kyiv (for a preliminary publication of selected inscriptions with commentaries, see Orel and Kulik 1995). As our work has shown, there exists a number of interesting linguistic and historical problems concerning the graffiti of Kyiv. The present This paper was presented at the Slavonic Seminar in Oxford University in January 1996. 210 VLADIMIR OREL paper deals with some of these problems: the orthography of Kyivan inscriptions, as well as selected issues in etymology and lexicology. In this paper, I follow the numbering of graffiti used by Vysotskii in his books. Missing and/or reconstructed letters are adduced in parentheses (). However, various textological signs describing the degree of reliability of our readings are left out. I also use a somewhat simplified transliteration in which jus malyj is rendered as я. Exact dates given below are established on the basis of dates explicitly mentioned in the texts. All other dates are based on paléographie considerations. Dubious dates are marked by (?). If the date cannot be established, it is marked as (?) after the number of the inscription. ORTHOGRAPHY When analyzing Slavic graffiti of Kyiv, scholars used to assume that they belonged to a unified graphic and orthographic system (a standard) which, with some possible marginal deviations, was the same as that of Old East Slavic parchment manuscripts. However, when inspecting the graffiti more closely, we discover that this is not the case: in graffiti, one finds more than one orthographic system and there are no traces of one and the same orthographic standard. Orthographic systems of Kyivan graffiti may be described using the principles suggested by A. A. Zalizniak in his analysis of the Old Novgorodian language (1986, 93-111; 1993, 233-41). Such a description includes an inventory of graphemes and a list of specific graphic effects differentiating a particular orthographic system from ideal ones (Early and Late Old East Slavic systems). As far as the inventory of graphemes is concerned, the alphabet of the St. Michael chapel of St. Sophia is, undoubtedly, of particular interest. Its paléographie date is the

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