Ukrainian
 Jewish   Encounter 

Toward a Shared Ukrainian-Jewish Historical Narrative The World War II Period in Ukraine Experts Roundtable of the Ukrainian Jewish Encounter Initiative in partnership with the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung

Potsdam (Cecilienhof) and Berlin, June 27-30, 2011

Program Schedule and Participants Directory Toward a Shared Ukrainian-Jewish Historical Narrative The World War II Period in Ukraine

Experts Roundtable/Conference of the Ukrainian Jewish Encounter Initiative in partnership with the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung

Potsdam (The Cecilienhof) and Berlin, June 27-30, 2011

Program Schedule

MONDAY, JUNE 27 (KAS Academy, Berlin)

17:00-17:30 Welcome, opening remarks

17:30-18:45 “The Bloodlands, 1932-45: Context for Understanding Ukrainian-Jewish-Polish Interaction during World War II”. Timothy Snyder (Yale University)

19:00 Dinner

20:45 Transportation to Potsdam

 TUESDAY, JUNE 28 (Potsdam)

(Each session will be introduced by two concise overview presentations, followed by 60 minutes discussion.)

9:00-10:30 Session 1—The First Stages of Violence: From Molotov-Ribbentrop to Barbarossa (NKVD Murders and 1941 Pogroms)

Vladislav Hrynevych (Kyiv-Mohyla Academy), on the Soviet occupation

Jeffrey Kopstein (University of Toronto), on the pogroms 1. How did Jews, Poles, and Ukrainians interact with Soviet authorities during the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland (western Ukraine) and Bukovina? What was Soviet policy toward Jewish refugees and local Jews? What was the scale of Soviet policy toward and repression of the Polish and Ukrainian (non-Jewish) local population? 2. What impact did Stalinism and the Holodomor (Great Famine) have on the views of western Ukrainians regarding Jews, and their views and expectations regarding Germans and Germany? Were responses to the arrival of German forces different in eastern Ukraine? 3. Were the July 1941 anti-Jewish pogroms in western Ukraine caused by rage over the Soviet murder of Ukrainian prisoners and by Jewish participation in Soviet organs of power (including the NKVD)? What does the actual record tell of the origins, nature and extent of such participation, and the impact of such participation and representation thereof on attitudes? 4. What was the nature and impact of Nazi propaganda in the period leading up to the pogroms and the Shoah in establishing or exploiting the representation of Jews as allies or agents of Bolshevism/ Communist rule? 5. To what extent did the pre-war ideologies of the major Ukrainian political movements in western Ukraine and in the European diaspora contribute to (prepare the ground for) these events? How important were preceding German-Ukrainian contacts? 6. To what extent were the events the result of planning and organization, and/or participation, by political actors, German and/or Ukrainian?

10:30-10:45 Coffee Break

 TUESDAY, JUNE 28 (Potsdam cont’d)

10:45-12:15 Session 2—Evidentiary Sources (Written, Oral and Other): Their Credibility and Use

Vadim Altskan (U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington), on use of archival sources for historical research vs. for legal purposes, and credibility of Soviet archival material Patrick Desbois and Andrej Umansky (Yahad-in Unum, Paris), on oral testimony 1. What are the evidentiary sources for the history of this period, and for attribution of responsibility or agency for crimes perpetrated during the period? What are the differences in the use of these sources for historical research and for legal purposes respectively? 2. What credibility may be lent to these sources? To what extent were testimonies forced and documents falsified or altered by Soviet authorities? 3. Access to archives: How significant are recently opened archives to our understanding of this period? What has been the impact of selective access or continued denial of access to relevant archives? 4. In what ways do oral testimonies, collected decades after the events, contribute to our understanding of this period? What are the methodological challenges posed by these sources?

12:15-13:30 Lunch

13:30- 15:00 Session 3—The Destruction of the Jews (the Shoah) on the Territory of Ukraine Wendy Lower (Towson University, Maryland and Ludwigs-Maximilians- Universität, Munich), on German-occupied territories Charles King (Georgetown University, Washington), on Romanian/ Hungarian-occupied territories 1. What is the relationship between the July 1941 violence in German- occupied Galicia and the Shoah? 2. How was the Shoah carried out in the different parts of the territory of Ukraine – in what stages and under whose auspices (central and eastern Ukraine, Kyiv region, western Ukraine/Galicia, Romanian- occupied regions, Transcarpathia)? 3. Was Nazi policy and German military presence a precondition for mass killings? To what extent were pogroms and/or mass killings carried out, particularly in rural areas, without the presence of external occupiers (German, Romanian, Hungarian)?  TUESDAY, JUNE 28 (Potsdam cont’d)

4. What was the reaction to the Shoah on the territory of Ukraine on the part of ethnic Ukrainian, Polish, Romanian, Crimean Tatar, and other communities? [Note: Specific operational behaviours are treated in Sessions 5, 6 and 7 below.] 5. What was the nature and impact of the Soviet evacuation of large numbers of its citizens (including Jews, in particular from urban centers) to the eastern regions of the Soviet Union?

15:00-15:20 Coffee Break

15:20-16:20 Tour of The Cecilienhof

16:30-18:00 Session 4 — Civilian and POW Deaths Timothy Snyder (Yale University), on civilian and POW deaths Karel Berkhoff (NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam), on Babi Yar 1. The scale of the killing: how many civilians and POWs (Jews, Poles, Ukrainians and others) perished on the territory of Ukraine between 1939 and 1945? (i.e., deliberate, targeted killings?) 2. What is the record of mass starvation, “collateral” damage, and indiscriminate killings of non-combatants during the war? (i.e., non- premeditated/calculated killings?) 3. Babi Yar (Babyn Iar): What do we know about the number of victims, their ethnic background, and the chronology and conditions of their murder during the entire occupation of Kyiv, 1941-1943? 4. What do we know about German executions of Ukrainian nationalists? 5. What were the politics and policies of punishment for resistance? 6. What is the record of the treatment of POWs under German and Soviet occupation? 7. What impact did the experience of double or triple occupation have on the nature and scale of the killings?

18:45 Dinner

 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29 (Potsdam cont’d)

9:00-10:30 Session 5—Collaboration Frank Golczewski (University of Hamburg) Zvi Gitelman (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) 1. The term “collaboration” is applied to a range of behaviors. Are there more meaningful terms to describe acts that range from volunteering to coercion, taking into account the special circumstances and variety of roles under wartime conditions? 2. Under what circumstances and with what motivations did members of various ethnicities (Ukrainian and other) come to serve in the German- controlled Auxiliary Police and other police units? What is known about the conditions of recruitment and the role of these police units in the Shoah? 3. Under what circumstances and with what motivations did members of various ethnicities (Ukrainian and other) come to serve in clearing ghettos and as guards at Treblinka, Belzec, and Sobibor? 4. How should one characterize the roles and behaviours of the Jewish communal authorities and the Jewish police under Nazi/German command? 5. What was the nature of collaboration and cooperation with the Soviet NKVD and regime in those parts of prewar Poland that had large Ukrainian populations? How much evidence is there of double collaboration – with the Soviet and German regimes?

10:30-10:45 Coffee Break

10:45-12:15 Session 6—Collaboration and/or Resistance John-Paul Himka (University of Alberta) Volodymyr V’iatrovych (former Director, State Archive of Security Service of Ukraine) 1. What does the historical record establish as to the role of OUN and UPA in relation to resistance and collaboration, murder of Jews, and the 1943 massacre of Poles in Volhynia? 2. How did the OUN conceive of the establishment of an independent Ukrainian state within the reality of Nazi power (the German “new order”)? Did this include the possibility of German puppet state status, as was the case in Croatia or Slovakia?

 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29 (Potsdam cont’d)

3. How did the OUN’s positions with regard to the Nazis/Germans, Jews, and other minorities evolve during the war? 4. To what extent did local administrations cooperate with the German occupation in central and eastern Ukraine between 1941-1944? 5. What were Jewish responses and attitudes to Soviet rule during the war? How were Jews treated by the Soviets?

12:15-13:15 Lunch

13:15-14:45 Session 7—Sheltering Jews Wolf Moskovich (Professor Emeritus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Andrii Krawchuk (University of Sudbury, Canada) 1. What does the historical record tell us about the extent, and special cases, of ethnic Ukrainians hiding or otherwise helping Jews during the War, and about the attendant risks, motivations and circumstances? What were the pressures and motivations that moved others to denounce Jews? 2. What are the problematics of the term “Righteous Among the Nations”? 3. The case of Metropolitan Andrei Sheptyts’kyi

14:45-15:00 Coffee Break

15:00-16:30 Session 8—Armed Formations, Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency, 1943-1947 Olesya Khromeychuk (University College London), on the Diviziia Alexander Gogun (University of Potsdam), on the Insurgency and Counter-insurgency 1. Under what circumstances and with what motivations did ethnic Ukrainians and members of other local populations come to serve in armed formations under Nazi/German military command, specifically, the Nachtigall Battalion and the Galician Waffen-SS Division (Diviziia)?

 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29 (Potsdam cont’d)

2. What is known about the extent to which such armed formations targeted civilians? 3. To what extent did non-Communist Ukrainian forces and movements engage in anti-German military and partisan actions? 4. How did Soviet military forces and the NKVD pacify Ukraine? 5. What was the role and fate of the OUN and UPA as an insurrectionary movement? 6. Was there a third path between Hitler and Stalin? If so, who represented it? 7. The war and its aftermath: What do we know about the immediate postwar experience with regard to (a) Soviet reprisals against civilians; (b) ethnic cleansing of Poles; (c) deportations to Siberia; (d) Soviet treatment of POWs; and (e) treatment of returning Jews by the local population? 8. What were Soviet and NKVD policies and actions regarding Jews and ethnic Ukrainians during this period? 9. What is known about anti-Jewish attacks and pogroms in territories where the Soviet Union re-established control between 1943 and 1946?

16:45 Transportation to Berlin, KAS Academy

18:00-19:30 Commemoration Ceremony Keynote address by Dr. Norbert Lammert, President of the Bundestag

Addresses by representatives of the President of Ukraine, UJE, KAS, and Jewish world Musical Presentation

20:15 Transportation to Potsdam

21:30 Dinner

 THURSDAY, JUNE 30 (Berlin, KAS Academy)

9:00 Transportation to Berlin

10:15-11:15 Working toward a Shared Historical Narrative: Review and Recommendations Alti Rodal and Adrian Karatnycky (UJE Co-Directors) – 10 min presentations, followed by roundtable discussion

11:15-11:30 Coffee Break

11:30-13:00 Concluding Session: Responsibility, Acknowledgment, Understanding Wilfried Jilge (Berlin) Dominique Arel (University of Ottawa) Followed by roundtable discussion 1. Was the experience, on the territory of Ukraine, of persecution, of depredations and killing, of cooption and coercion, of saving or exposing Jews, similar to or in significant respects different from that in other territories under Nazi/German sway? 2. How should we understand and discuss the massive suffering of civilian non-Jews under the German occupation? 3. Who bears ultimate responsibility for the crimes of the period? 4. How should the massive suffering and injustice under Soviet rule be acknowledged and memorialized? 5. How should we deal with the problem of unconsecrated Jewish and non-Jewish mass graves? Are there adequate memorials for the Jewish and non-Jewish victims of the War, of Hitler, and of Stalin? What is the responsibility of governments, and of communities, in such memorializing?

 ENGAGED PARTICIPANTS (in alphabetical order)

1. Vadim Altskan (U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington) 2. Andrej Angrick (Hamburger Stiftung zur Förderung von Wissenschaft und Kultur, Germany) 3. Karel Berkhoff (NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam) 4. Alain Blum (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales [EHESS] and Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques [INED] Paris, France) 5. Konstantin Bondarenko (Head of the Board, Institute of Ukrainian Politics, Ukraine) 6. Ray Brandon (Historian/Editor, Berlin) 7. Marco Carynnyk (Writer/Editor/Historian, Toronto, Canada) 8. Martin Dean (U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington) 9. Patrick Desbois (Yahad - In Unum, Paris, France) 10. Evgeny Finkel (University of Wisconsin-Madison, US) 11. Zvi Gitelman (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, US) 12. Alexander Gogun (Free University of Berlin, University of Potsdam) 13. Frank Golczewski (University of Hamburg, Germany) 14. John-Paul Himka (University of Alberta, Canada) 15. Liudmyla Hrynevych (Ukraine National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine) 16. Vladislav Hrynevych (Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine) 17. Taras Hunczak (Professor Emeritus, Rutgers University, US) 18. Wilfried Jilge (University of Leipzig, Germany) 19. Olesya Khromeychuk (University College London, UK) 20. Charles King (Georgetown University, US) 21. Jeffrey Kopstein (University of Toronto, Canada) 22. Andrii Krawchuk (University of Sudbury, Canada) 23. Wendy Lower (Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany) 24. Christoph Mick (University of Warwick, UK) 25. Natalie Moine (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) 26. Wolf Moskovich (Professor Emeritus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel) 27. Tanja Penter (Helmut-Schmidt University/University of the Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany) 28. Anatoly Podolsky (Director, Ukrainian Centre for Holocaust Studies, Kyiv Ukraine) 29. Peter Potichnyj (Professor Emeritus, McMaster University, Canada) 30. Shimon Redlich (Professor Emeritus, Ben-Gurion University, Israel) 31. Raz Segal (Clark University, US) 32. Igor Shchupak (Tkuma Center for Holocaust Studies, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine) 33. Timothy Snyder (Yale University, US) 34. Kai Struve (Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany) 35. Frank Sysyn (Peter Jacyk Centre for Ukrainian Historical Research, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta Canada) 36. Andrej Umansky (Yahad - In Unum, Paris, France) 37. Volodymyr V’iatrovych (former Director, State Archive of Security Service of Ukraine, visiting scholar Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute)

Rapporteur Orest Zakydalsky (UCRDC, Toronto, Canada)

Session Chairs Dominique Arel (Co-Chair, UJE Academic Council; Chair of Ukrainian Studies, University of Ottawa) Paul Robert Magocsi (Co-Chair, UJE Academic Council; Chair of Ukrainian Studies, University of Toronto)

UJE Board/Staff James Temerty (UJE Chair) Adrian Karatnycky (UJE Co-Director, UJE Board Member) Berel Rodal (UJE Board Member and Chair, UJE Advisory Board) Alti Rodal (UJE Co-Director) Raya Shadursky (UJE Director of Operations)

KAS Principals/Staff Gerhard Wahlers (Deputy Secretary General) Jens Paulus (Head of Department, Europe and North America) Gabriele Baumann (Head of Department, Domestic Programs) Nico Lange (Director, Ukraine Office)

 PARTICIPANTSDIRECTORY  ExpertsRoundtable oftheUkrainianJewishEncounterInitiative inpartnershipwiththeKonradͲAdenauerͲStiftung Potsdam(Cecilienhof)andBerlin,June27Ͳ30,2011  TowardaSharedUkrainianͲJewishHistoricalNarrative TheWorldWarIIPeriodinUkraine  SessionChairs  DOMINIQUEAREL(CoͲChair,UJEAcademicCouncil)isAssociateProfessorof PoliticalScienceandChairofUkrainianStudiesattheUniversityofOttawa, Canada.Hisresearchinterestsrangefromnationalismandlanguagepoliticsto politicsofmemoryandidentityformation.Dr.ArelhascoͲeditedCacophonies d’Empire:Legouvernementdeslanguesdansl’empirerusseetl’Union soviétique(Paris:CNRS,2010),ReboundingIdentities:ThePoliticsofIdentityin RussiaandUkraine(Baltimore,MD:JohnHopkinsUniversityPress,2006)and CensusandIdentity:ThePoliticsofRace,Ethnicity,andLanguageinNational Censuses(Cambridge,UK:CambridgeUniversityPress,2002).HisrecentsingleͲ authoredpublicationsinclude“UkraineSincetheOrangeRevolution: DemocracyandtheUnruleofLaw”(forthcominginVickenCheterian,ed., ColouredRevolutions,London:Hurst,2011),“L’Ukraine,laguerreetleprincipederesponsabilité collective”(inGeorgeMink,ed.,Lepasséauprésent,Paris:Houdiard,2010),and“Recensementet légitimationnationaleenRussieetdanslazonepostͲsoviétique”,CritiqueInternationale(December 2009).HehasheldtheAnnualDanyliwResearchSeminaronContemporaryUkrainesince2005atthe UniversityofOttawaandhasservedasPresidentoftheAssociationfortheStudyofNationalities(ASN) since2004.

PAULROBERTMAGOCSI(CoͲChair,UJEAcademicCouncil)isprofessorof historyandpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofToronto,where(since1980) healsoholdstheprofessorialChairofUkrainianStudies.HereceivedhisPhD fromPrincetonUniversityin1972andapostͲgraduatedegreefromHarvard University(SocietyofFellows1976).Amonghisover700publicationsare30 books,including:TheShapingofaNationalIdentity:SubcarpathianRus’,1848Ͳ 1948(HarvardUniversityPress,1978);Galicia:AHistoricalSurveyand BibliographicGuide(UniversityofTorontoPress,1983);HistoricalAtlasofEast Central/CentralEurope(UniversityofWashingtonPress,1993/2002);A HistoryofUkraine(UniversityofTorontoPress,1996);OftheMakingof NationalitiesThereisNoEnd(ColumbiaUniversityPress,1999,2vols);The RootsofUkrainianNationalism(UniversityofTorontoPress,2002);Ukraine:AnIllustratedHistory (UniversityofTorontoPress,2007);andthefullyrevisedandexpandedHistoryofUkraine:TheLandand ItsPeoples(UniversityofTorontoPress,2010).HeisalsotheeditorͲinͲchiefofTheEncyclopediaof Canada’sPeoples(UniversityofTorontoPress,1999)andcoͲeditorandmainauthoroftheEncyclopedia ofRusynHistoryandCulture(UniversityofTorontoPress,2002).ProfessorMagocsihastaughtat HarvardUniversityandtheHebrewUniversityinJerusalem.In1996hewasappointedapermanent fellowoftheRoyalSocietyofCanadaͲCanadianAcademiesofArts,Humanities,andSciences. 10  Scholars/Experts  VADIMALTSKANjoinedtheUnitedStatesHolocaustMemorialMuseumin WashingtonDCin1993,andcurrentlyservesasProjectDirectorforthe USHMMInternationalArchivalProgramsDivision,CenterforAdvanced HolocaustStudies.Heisresponsibleforthedevelopmentofprogramsand archivalacquisitionsintheformerUSSR,formerYugoslavia,Greeceand Bulgaria.HeservedearlierasaHistorianandDirectoroftheRegistryof HolocaustSurvivors.AspecialistinthehistoryoftheHolocaustinUkraineand RussianJewishhistory,VadimAltskanholdsdegreesinhistoryandarchival sciencefromtheMoscowStateUniversityfortheHumanities   ANDREJANGRICKisahistorianattheHamburgFoundationforthePromotion ofScienceandCulture–HamburgerStiftungzurFörderungvonWissenschaft undKultur.Since1990,hisresearchhasfocusedontheGermandictatorship undertheNaziregime,and,inparticular,onGermanruleintheEastandthe politicsofgenocide.HehasservedasaconsultantforBritishandGerman television,andasanexpertwitnessinanumberofGermancourtcases (GhettorentenͲVerfahren).Heistheauthorandeditorofseveralbooksand articlesonthesetopics,including:DerDienstkalenderHeinrichHimmler 1941/1942(togetherwithPeterWitteet.al.,Hamburg,1999); BesatzungspolitikundMassenmord.DieEinsatzgruppeDindersüdlichenSowjetunion(Hamburg,2003); DieGestaponach1945:Karrieren,Konflikte,Konstruktionen(Editor,togetherwithKlausͲMichael Mallmann,Darmstadt,2009);The“FinalSolution“inRiga.ExploitationandAnnihilation,1941Ͳ1944 (togetherwithPeterKlein,NewYorkundOxford,2009).Forthcominginsummer2011isvolumeoneof: EreignismeldungenUdSSRderSicherheitspolizeiunddesSD–1941(responsibleforeditingand annotations,togetherwithKlausͲMichaelMallmann,MartinCüppersandJürgenMatthäus,Darmstadt, 2011).Angrickiscurrentlyworkingonamonographon“Operation1005”,asecretoperationconducted from1942Ͳ1944,aimedathidingevidencethatmillionsofpeoplehadbeenmurderedonterritoriesof NaziͲoccupiedPolandandEasternEurope.  KARELC.BERKHOFFisSeniorResearcherattheNIODInstituteforWar, HolocaustandGenocideStudiesoftheRoyalNetherlandsAcademyofArtsand Sciences.From2003to2011,heworkedattheCenterforHolocaustand GenocideStudiesinAmsterdam,whichhasmergedwiththeNetherlands InstituteforWarDocumentation(abbreviatedasNIOD).Healsoteachesatthe UniversityofAmsterdam.HereceivedaPhD.inhistoryfromtheUniversityof Toronto,anM.A.inRegionalStudies(SovietUnionProgram)fromHarvard University,andtwoDoctorandusdegrees(M.A.equivalent)inRussianstudies andhistoryfromtheUniversityofAmsterdam.HewasaSeniorScholarͲinͲ ResidenceattheCenterforAdvancedHolocaustStudiesoftheU.S.Holocaust MemorialMuseumfor2010–2011,conductingresearchforaprojectonhistoryandremembranceof BabiYar.Dr.BerkhoffistheauthorofamonographonSoviethomefrontpropagandafrom1941Ͳ1945 (forthcomingwithHarvardUniversityPress)aswellasthebook,HarvestofDespair:LifeandDeathin UkraineunderNaziRule(HarvardUniversityPress,2004;2008),whichwonthe2001FraenkelPrizein ContemporaryHistory,CategoryA,andisnowavailableinUkrainian(Kiev:Krytyka,2011).Hehaswritten

 11 articlesontreatmentoftheHolocaustintheSovietMedia,1941Ͳ45;theBabiYarmassacre;andthe attitudeoftheOrganizationofUkrainianNationaliststowardGermansandJews.   ALAINBLUMisDirectoroftheCenterforRussian,CaucasianandCentralͲ EuropeanStudiesattheEcoledesHautesEtudesenSciencesSociales(EHESS) andSeniorResearcherattheInstitutNationald’EtudesDémographiques (INED)inParis,France.HeiscoͲleaderoftheinternationalprojectSound ArchivesͲEuropeanMemoriesoftheGulaganditsvirtualmuseum (museum.gulagmemories.eu/en).HeistheauthorofL’Anarchie bureaucratique.StatistiqueetpouvoirsousStaline(EditionsLaDécouverte, 2003)andNaître,vivreetmourirenURSS,1917Ͳ1991(Plon,1994)andoneof theeditorsof“Families,EastandWest:AHalfCenturyofChangesinEurope”, Revued’étudescomparativesEstͲOuest,2009.Historiananddemographer,hehasinitiatedmajor collaborativeresearchprojectsonthehistoryofforceddisplacementsofpopulation,thehistoryof demographicstatistics,andthehistoryofdemographyinImperialRussiaandintheSovietUnion,aswell asaprojectofcomparativestudiesconcerningEuropeancontemporarychangesinfamilybehaviors. AlainBlumisamemberoftheeditorialboardofthejournalKritika:ExplorationsinRussianandEurasian History.   KOSTIANTYNBONDARENKOisaUkrainianpolitologistandheadoftheboard oftheInstituteofUkrainianPolitics.HeholdsaPhDinhistory,specializingin thehistoryofinternationalrelations.Inparticular,hisresearchdealswith GermanpolicytowardUkraineduringWorldWarII.Besidehisscholarlywork, hewasinvolvedinmanyjournalisticprojects,includingpositionsasthe politicaleditorat"Postup",and,morerecently,leadeditorofthe"Livyibereg" analytic a lnewspaper.Hehasledseveralthinktanksandwasamemberof publiccouncilsadvisingthePresidentofUkraine,theSpeakerofthe VerkhovnaRadaofUkraine,andtheMinistryofForeignAffairsofUkraine.He hasauthoredmorethan3,000articlesinthegeneralpressandmorethan50 scholarlyworks.   RAYBRANDONisafreelancetranslator,historian,andresearcherbasedin Berlinsince2003.HebecameinterestedintheHolocaustinUkrainewhile workingasaprogramofficerfortheInternationalResearchandExchanges BoardinKiev(1993Ͳ1995).AfterearninghisM.A.atJohnsHopkinsSchoolof AdvancedInternationalStudies,hewenttoWarsawasaFulbrightScholar (1997Ͳ1998)andextendedhisstaywithagrantfromtheGermanHistorical Institute(1999).FromWarsaw,hemovedtoGermanytoworkasaneditorat theFrankfurterAllgemeineZeitung,EnglishEdition(2000Ͳ2002).HeiscoͲ editor,withWendyLower,ofTheShoahinUkraine:History,Testimony, Memorialization(IndianaUniversityPress,2008),whichwillappearin Ukrainianlaterthisyear,and,withTimothySnyder,ofStalinismandEurope: Terror,War,Domination,1937Ͳ1947(forthcoming).HealsotranslatedAndrej AngrickandPeterKlein,The“FinalSolution”inRiga:ExploitationandAnnihilation,1941Ͳ1944(2009). Currently,heisworkingonadissertationaboutDmytroPaliïvandeasternGaliciaduringtheinterwar periodandtheSecondWorldWar 12  MARCOCARYNNYKisawriter,editor,translator,andhistoricalresearcher.As awriterhehaspublishedpoetry,articles,andessaysonliterature,film,and twentiethͲcenturyhistoryandpoliticsinEnglishandUkrainian,whichhave beentranslatedintoFrench,German,Italian,Portuguese,Polish,Russian,and Ukrainian.Hishistoricalstudiesareconcernedwiththefamineof1933in Ukraine,SovietandNazirepressionsinthe1930sand1940s,andJewishͲ Ukrainianrelations.Asaneditorandtranslator,Carynnykhaspublished translationsofthefilmmakerAlexanderDovzhenkoandhaslecturedon DovzhenkoattheVeniceBiennale,HarvardUniversity,andtheDovzhenko StudioinKyiv.OthermajortranslationsbyCarynnykincludefiction,poetry,andSovietdissident memoirs.HispublicationsonissuesrelatingtotheWorldWarIIperiodinclude:anarticleonthepogrom inZolochivinJuly1941intheKyivjournalKrytyka(October2005);“ThePalaceontheIkva–Dubne, September18th,1939,andJune24th,1941”inSharedHistory–DividedMemory:JewsandOthersin SovietͲOccupiedPoland,1939Ͳ1941,eds.ElazarBarkan,ElizabethA.Cole,andKaiStruve(Leipzig: Universitätsverlag,Leipzig,2007;alsoinUkrainianintheKyivjournalIehupets’(18[2009]);and“Foesof ourrebirth:UkrainiannationalistdiscussionsaboutJews,1929Ͳ1947”inNationalitiesPapers:TheJournal ofNationalismandEthnicity(Vol.39,No.3,May2011).   MARTINDEANisanAppliedResearchScholarattheUnitedStatesHolocaust MemorialMuseum’sCenterforAdvancedHolocaustStudiesinWashington, DC.HereceivedhisPhDinHistoryfromQueens’College,Cambridgein1989 andworkedastheSeniorHistorianfortheMetropolitanPoliceWarCrimes UnitinLondonfrom1992to1997.Hispublicationsinclude:Collaborationin theHolocaust:CrimesoftheLocalPoliceinBelorussiaandUkraine,1941Ͳ44 (London,2000);RobbingtheJews:theConfiscationofJewishPropertyinthe Holocaust,1933Ͳ1945(CambridgeUniversityPress,2008);andMartinDean, ConstantinGoschlerandPhilippTher(eds.),RobberyandRestitution:The ConflictoverJewishPropertyinEurope(NewYork,Oxford,2007).Hehasalso writtenmanybookchaptersandarticlesontheHolocaustfocusedmainlyontheissuesofghettos, collaboration,andJewishproperty.HeistheVolumeEditorofVolume2oftheU.S.HolocaustMemorial Museum’sEncyclopediaofCampsandGhettos1933Ͳ1945,whichdealswithghettosinoccupiedterritory underGermanadministration(IndianaUniversityPressinassociationwiththeUnitedStatesHolocaust MemorialMuseum,2011).   PATRICKDESBOISisaRomanCatholicpriestanddirectoroftheEpiscopal CommitteeforRelationswithJudaismfortheFrenchConferenceofBishops. GrandsonofaFrenchdeporteetotheRawaRuskacamp(locatedinUkraine today),hejoinedleadersintheFrenchCatholicandJewishcommunitiesin 2004infoundingYahadͲInUnum("together"inLatinandinHebrew).The organization'spurposeistofurtherrelationsbetweenCatholicsandJews.Its mostambitiousinitiativeistolocatethesitesofmassgravesofJewishvictims oftheNazimobilekillingunits(theEinsatzgruppen)inUkraineandBelarus, andtovideoͲrecordwitnessesofthemassacres.Todate,Yahadissaidtohave discoveredmorethan800massgravesandrecordedalmost1,700eyeͲwitness testimonies.FatherDesboispublishedthebookTheHolocaustbyBullets:APriest'sJourneytoUncover theTruthBehindtheMurderof1.5MillionJews(PalgraveMacMillan,2008).Hehasreceivedanumberof awardsforhiswork,inFranceandintheUnitedStates.  13 EVGENYFINKELisaPhDcandidateintheDepartmentofPoliticalScience, UniversityofWisconsinͲMadison,USA.HewasborninLviv,Ukraine,andgrew upinIsrael.Hisresearchinterestsincludepoliticalviolence,politicsofmemory, nationalidentity,andpostͲSovietpolitics.Hisdissertation,“Victims'Politics: JewishBehaviorduringtheHolocaust”exploresthevariationinindividualand collectivebehaviorofJewishvictimsoftheHolocaust,withaspecialfocuson theghettosofLviv,Cracow,andMinsk.Hisarticleshavebeenpublishedand forthcomingineditedvolumesandjournalssuchasComparativePolitics, GlobalSociety,EastEuropeanPoliticsandSocieties,GenocideStudiesand Prevention,Democratization,andOsteuropa.    ZVIGITELMANisProfessorofPoliticalScience,PrestonTischProfessorof JudaicStudiesandwasDirectoroftheFrankelCenterforJudaicStudiesandof theCenterforRussianandEastEuropeanStudiesattheUniversityofMichigan, AnnArbor.Heistheauthororeditoroffourteenbooksandover100articlesin scholarlyjournals,includingBitterLegacy:ConfrontingtheHolocaustinthethe SovietUnion(1997).HisbestknownbookisACenturyofAmbivalence:The JewsinRussiaandtheSovietUnion,1881tothePresent(twoAmerican editions,alsoinJapaneseandRussian)HismostrecenteditedbookisReligion orEthnicity?JewishIdentitiesinEvolution(2009).In2012,Cambridge UniversityPresswillpublishhismonograph,UncertainEthnicity:Jewish IdentitiesinPostͲSovietRussiaandUkraine,basedpartlyon7,000interviews.Gitelmanisamemberof theUnitedStatesHolocaustMemorialCouncil.Inthepasttwoyears,hewasaMember,Schoolof HistoricalStudies,InstituteforAdvancedStudy,Princeton;aVisitingFellowattheKennanInstitutefor RussianStudiesandattheInternationalCentreforHolocaustResearch,YadVashem,Israel;andasenior fellowattheDavisCenterforRussianStudiesandtheUkrainianResearchInstitute,bothatHarvard University.HeisresearchingtheHolocaustintheUSSR,focusingonSovietgovernmentpolicyandthe experienceofSovietJewsincombat.   ALEXANDERGOGUNiscurrentlyworkingtowardsaseconddoctoraldegreeat theFreeUniversityofBerlin,whilealsobeingalecturerinModernand ContemporaryHistoryattheUniversityofPotsdam.AgraduateoftheHerzen RussianStatePedagogicalUniversity,hedefendedaPhDthesisin2006atthe NorthͲWestAcademyofPublicAdministration,St.Petersburg,titled:“The ActivitiesofArmedNationalistGroupsontheTerritoryofWesternAreasofthe UkrainianSSRin1943Ͳ1949”.Hispublicationsincludesome30articlesonsuch topicsas:UkraineduringWorldWarII,Nazipropaganda,foreignpolicyofthe USSRin1939Ͳ1945,insurgenciesduringandimmediatelyfollowingWWII,and theactivitiesoftheSovietsecretpoliceinNaziͲoccupiedSovietterritory.He hasalsopublishedseveralmonographsinRussian,including:BetweenHitler andStalin.TheUkrainianInsurgents(St.Petersburg,2004);Stalin’sCommandos:TheUkrainianPartisan Groups,1941Ͳ1944(Moscow,2008,alsoinaPolishedition,2010);aswellascollectionsofdocumentson Nazipropaganda;andtheRedPartisansinUkraine,1941Ͳ1944.Avolumeofdocumentsonthepolice andthepartisans,1941Ͳ1944,drawnfromEasternUkrainematerials,isnowinpress.   14  FRANKGOLCZEWSKIis(since1994)ProfessorofEastEuropeanhistoryatthe UniversityofHamburg.From1969to1973hestudiedattheUniversityof Cologne,thesubjectsofhistory,Slavicstudies,Englishlanguageandliterature, philosophyandeducation.HereceivedaDr.phil.inhistoryin1973fromthe UniversityofCologne.Dr.GolczewskiwasaresearchassociateoftheOstkolleg oftheFederalAgencyforCivicEducationandtheCollegeofEducationat Neuss.In1979,hereceivedhisHabilitationattheUniversityofCologneonthe subjectofPolishͲJewishrelationsfrom1881to1922.Followinganacting professorshipattheUniversityofOsnabrückinVechta,hewasprofessorof modernEuropeanhistoryattheUniversityoftheBundeswehrHamburg.His publicationsincludethefollowingmonographs:DeutscheundUkrainer,1918– 1939(Schöningh,Paderborn,2010);KölnerUniversitätslehrerundder Nationalsozialismus.PersonengeschichtlicheAnsätze(Böhlau,Köln,1988);withWillibaldReschka: Gegenwartsgesellschaften:Polen(Teubner,Stuttgart,1982);PolnischͲjüdischeBeziehungen1881–1922 (Steiner,Wiesbaden,1981);andDasDeutschlandbildderPolen1918–1939(Droste,Düsseldorf,1974).He wastheeditorofGeschichtederUkraine(Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht,Göttingen,1993)and(togetherwith GertrudPickhan)RussischerNationalismus.DierussischeIdeeim19.und20.Jahrhundert.Darstellung undTexte(Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht,Göttingen,1998).    JOHNͲPAULHIMKAisprofessorofUkrainianandEastEuropeanhistoryatthe UniversityofAlberta.HereceivedhisPhDin1977fromtheUniversityof Michigan.HeservedascoͲeditorforhistoryforTheEncyclopediaofUkraine, vols.3Ͳ5.HehaswrittenfourmonographsonUkrainianhistory,themost recentbeingLastJudgmentIconographyintheCarpathians(Universityof TorontoPress,2009).HehasalsoeditedorcoͲeditedsixotherbooks,including (withHansͲJoachimTorke)GermanͲUkrainianRelationsinHistorical Perspective(CanadianInstituteofUkrainianStudies,1994).Currentlyheis workingonamonographonUkrainiannationalistsandtheHolocaust,andcoͲ editingwithJoannaMichlicacollectionofarticlesexaminingthereceptionof theHolocaustineverycountryofpostͲcommunistEurope.Hehaspublishedadozenarticlesonthe HolocaustandcloselyrelatedissuesinscholarlyjournalsinNorthAmericaandUkraine.Articlesonthe OrganizationofUkrainianNationalistsanditsarmedforceshaveappearedrecentlyinAbImperio4 (2010)andEastCentralEurope37(2010).His2009MohylalecturehasbeenpublishedbyHeritagePress (Saskatoon)underthetitleUkrainians,JewsandtheHolocaust:DivergentMemories.InMarch2011he receivedtheJ.GordinKaplanAwardforExcellenceinResearch.    LIUDMYLAHRYNEVYCHisaseniorresearchassociateoftheInstituteof HistoryofUkraine,NationalAcademyofSciencesofUkraine,whereshehas workedsince1991.Shegraduatedin1986fromKyivStateUniversity,and receivedaPhDinHistoryafterdefending(in1995)adissertation,“Military Building(RedArmy’sReform)inUkraineinthe1920sand1930s:Ethnic Aspects”.HerresearchinterestshavefocusedonaspectsofUkrainiansociety undertheStalinistregime.From1998to2004,shetookpartintheworking groupoftheStateCommissionstudyingtheactivitiesofOUNͲUPA.Shehas   15 preparedcollectionsofdocumentsandscholarlypublicationsonthesetopics.Mostrecently,she participatedinthepreparationofthefourͲvolume“ChronicleofCollectivizationandHolodomorin Ukraine”.ShehasalsoconductedresearchonthehistoryofJewsinUkraineandhasactivelycooperated withtheInstituteofJudaicainKyiv,servingastheacademiceditorofitsforthcomingpublication, EncyclopediaoftheHistoryandCultureoftheJewsofUkraine.Sheistheauthorofanumberofarticles forthisEncyclopediaandotherarticlesonthehistoryofJewsinUkraine,including“TheKyivUnionof JewishSoldiers1917Ͳ1918”.    VLADYSLAVHRYNEVYCHisAssociateProfessor(since2005)atKyivͲMohyla Academy,wherehehastaughtcourseson:GenocideandHolocaustinthe20th Century;andHistoricalMemoryandthePoliticsofHistoryofWorldWarIIin Europe.AftergraduatingfromKyivStateUniversity,hestudiedattheInstitute ofHistoryofUkraine,NationalAcademyofSciencesofUkraine.In1994,he defendedhisKandidatskaiadissertationon“NationalProblemsintheRed ArmyduringtheperiodofLiberationofUkraine(1943Ͳ1944)”.From1997,he wasSeniorResearchAssociateattheKurasInstituteofPoliticalandEthnic Studies,NationalAcademyofSciencesofUkraine,wherehereceiveda DoctorateinPoliticalSciencefromtheDepartmentofTheoryandHistoryof Politics(2006).Hehasproducedmorethan80publicationstodate.HismostrecentbookisSocialand PoliticalMoodsandMoralityofthePopulationinUkraineduringtheSecondWorldWar(Kyiv,2007,in Ukrainian).FellowshipsincludetheFulbrightͲKennanScholarprogramattheWoodrowWilsonCenterin WashingtonD.C.in2008;andin2006,studyfellowshipswithCIUSinEdmontonandToronto,Canada, andwiththeCenterforHolocaustandGenocideStudiesinAmsterdam.In2006healsoparticipatedina professionalexchangeproject,“U.S.PerspectivesonHolocaustandHolodomorStudies”,developed undertheframeworkoftheInternationalVisitorLeadershipProgrambytheU.S.Government.    TARASHUNCZAKisEmeritusProfessor,RutgersUniversity,wherehetaught historycoursesfor44years–includingHistoryofEasternEurope;WorldWar II;IntellectualandSocialHistory;HistoryoftheSovietUnion,Poland,Russia, andUkraine;aswellasapopularcourseontheDevelopmentofWestern Civilization.AfterB.Sc.andM.A.degreesfromFordhamUniversity,NewYork, hestudiedhistoryattheUniversityofViennawhereheobtainedaPhDin 1960.Hehasauthoredseveralbooks,includingUkraine:thefirsthalfofthe 20thcentury(Kyiv,1993);Umundyrakhvoroha(Kyiv,1993);MoyispohadyͲ StezhkyzhyttiaandUkrainaXXstolittia(Kyiv,2005);andSymonPetliuraand theJewsͲAReappraisal(UkrainianHistoricalAssociation,2008).Hehasalso editedRussianImperialism;Ukraine1917Ͳ1921—AStudyinRevolution; UkraineandPolandinDocuments;UPAintheLightofGermanDocuments(“LitopysUPA”,vols6&7),and hascoͲeditedwithDmytroShtohrynUkraine—TheChallengesofWorldWarII.AFulbrightScholarship enabledhispublication(inKyiv)ofthe14volumecollectivework,AThousandYearsoftheUkrainian SocialandPoliticalThought.HehaspresentedpapersatmanyconferencesinNorthAmerica,Great Britain,Germany,UkraineandPoland,andhaswrittennumerousarticles.HehaslecturedattheLondon SchoolofEconomicsandtheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,andwasvisitingprofessoratColumbia UniversityandtheUniversityofPennsylvania.  16  WILFRIED JILGE is a historian and lecturer at the University of Leipzig. He studiedEastEuropeanHistory,SlavicPhilologyandEconomicsattheJohannes Gutenberg University in Mainz; and has taught at the universities of Leipzig and Potsdam and Humboldt University in Berlin. Until 2010 he worked as a research associate at the Center for the History and Culture of East Central Europe (GWZO) in Leipzig, involved in the research project “Visual and historical cultures in East Central Europe in the process of modernization of stateandsocietysince1918”.Hisfocusinthisprojectwasontherelationship betweenUkrainianstateandnationalsymbolism,andremembrancecultures andnationͲbuildinginmodernUkraine(1917/1921tothepresent).Hehasauthoredanumberofarticles onthesethemes,including“CompetingVictimhoods–PostͲSovietUkrainianNarrativesonWorldWarII” in Shared History – Divided Memory. Jews and Others in Soviet Occupied Poland, 1939Ͳ1941 (Leipzig: Universitätsverlag,Leipzig,2007);“NationalistͲUkrainianStruggleforLiberation:TheReͲevaluationofthe SecondWorldWarinUkraine(2008,inGerman);and“TheGreatFamineinHistoryandMemoryCulture of Ukraine” (2008, in German). Since 2005, he has been a member of the “Kievan Dialogue”, a permanentNGOForumundertheauspicesofGerman,EuropeanandUkrainianmembersofParliament, andhasadvisedmembersofparliamentinthefieldsofmemory,relationsoftheEuropeanUniontoits neighbours in the “Eastern Partnership”, as well as German/EuropeanͲUkrainian political and cultural relations.   OLESYAKHROMEYCHUKiscurrentlycompletingherPhDthesisatUniversity CollegeLondon,SchoolofSlavonicandEastEuropeanStudies.Herresearch focusesonthepostͲwardisplacementofpopulations,Ukrainianmilitary formationsduringtheSecondWorldWarperiodandthecivilianizationprocess oftheWaffenSS“Galicia”Division.ShewasborninLviv(Ukraine)andwas educatedintheUK.SheholdsanMScinRussianandEastEuropeanStudies (St.Antony’sCollege,UniversityofOxford)andaB.A.(Hons)inSociology (GoldsmithsCollege,UniversityofLondon).      CHARLESKINGisProfessorofInternationalAffairsandGovernmentat GeorgetownUniversity,Washington.Helectureswidelyoninternational affairs,socialviolence,andethnicpolitics,andhasworkedwithmajor broadcastmediasuchasCNN,NationalPublicRadio,theBBC,theHistory Channel,andMTV.Hepreviouslyservedaschairmanofthefacultyof Georgetown’sEdmundA.WalshSchoolofForeignService.Hisbooksinclude Odessa:GeniusandDeathinaCityofDreams;TheGhostofFreedom:AHistory oftheCaucasus;TheBlackSea:AHistory;andTheMoldovans:Romania, Russia,andthePoliticsofCulture.King’sarticlesandcommentaryhave appearedinmagazinesandnewspaperssuchasForeignAffairs,ForeignPolicy, TheWashingtonPost,TheLosAngelesTimes,andTheTimesLiterarySupplement,aswellasinleading academicjournals.KingstudiedhistoryandphilosophyattheUniversityofArkansasandlaterearned master’sanddoctoraldegreesattheUniversityofOxford,wherehewasaBritishMarshallScholar. BeforecomingtoGeorgetown,hewasajuniorresearchfellowatNewCollege,Oxford,andaresearch associateattheInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudiesinLondon.  17 JEFFREYKOPSTEINisProfessorofPoliticalScienceandfrom2005Ͳ2011was theDirectoroftheCentreforEuropean,Russian,andEurasianStudiesatthe UniversityofToronto.StartinginJuly2011hewillbetheActingDirectorofthe UniversityofToronto’sCentreforJewishStudies.HeholdsaB.A.,M.A.,and PhDdegreesfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhasheld fellowshipsatHarvardUniversity’sCentreofforEuropeanStudies,Princeton University’sCenterforInternationalStudies,andtheUniversityofMunichas anAlexandervonHumboldtFellow.Heistheauthorandeditorofthreebooks andfortypeerreviewedscholarlyarticlesinthefieldsofEuropeanandJewish politicsandhistory.HisforthcomingcoͲauthoredbook,IntimateViolence: AntiͲJewishPogromsasPreludetotheHolocaust,isastudyofthewaveof deadlypogromsinPolandandUkrainethatoccurredintheweeksafterthe NaziinvasionoftheSovietUnionin1941.Havingdevotedtwentyyearstoundergraduateandgraduate education,ProfessorKopsteinhasreceivedmultipleteachingawards,includingthePhiSigmaAlpha TeachingAwardoftheHonorsSocietyoftheAmericanPoliticalScienceAssociationandtheOutstanding TeachingAwardoftheFacultyofArtsandSciencesattheUniversityofToronto.  ANDRIIKRAWCHUKisProfessorofReligiousStudiesattheUniversityof Sudbury(Canada).Degreesinclude:D.Th.(St.Paul,Ottawa),Ph.D.(University ofOttawa),L.Th.M.(AccademiaAlfonsiana,Rome),B.Th.,B.A.(McGill, Montreal).Heistheauthorof:ChristianSocialEthicsinUkraine:thelegacyof AndreiSheptytsky(EdmontonͲToronto,1997);numerousarticles,including "DueapprocidellaChiesacattolicaucrainaalproblemadell'unitadeicristiani: SeptyckyjeSlipyj,"Storiareligiosadell'Ucraina.(Gazzada,2007);and"Christian SocialEthicsduringtheGermanOccupationofGalicia,1941–1944"(L'viv, 2000).Heistheeditorof:ActsoftheMetropolitanOrdinariateofL'viv,1941– 1944.AnarchivalManuscriptfromthePeriodoftheGermanOccupation(Kyiv, 2003);IndextotheUkrainianCatholicPeriodicalLiteratureofGalicia,1871– 1942(L'viv,2000);MetropolitanAndreiSheptytsky:hisLifeandWorks.Vol.2:TheChurchandtheSocial Question.Part2:Correspondence(L'viv,1999);Vol.2:TheChurchandtheSocialQuestion.PartI: PastoralTeachingandWork(L'viv,1998);Vol.1:TheChurchandChurchUnity(L'viv,1995);Episcopal ConferencesoftheUkrainianGrecoͲCatholicChurch,1902–1937(Lviv,1997);MoralityandReality:the LifeandTimesofAndreiSheptyts'kyi,P.R.Magocsi,ed.withtheassistanceofAndriiKrawchuk (Edmonton,1989).HeisCoͲchair,ReligioninEuropeConsultation,AmericanAcademyofReligion; Representative,CanadianAssociationofSlavists;andMemberoftheExecutive,InternationalCouncilfor CentralandEastEuropeanStudies.  WENDYLOWERiscurrently(since2007)aResearchFellowandLecturerinthe DepartmentofModernHistoryattheLudwigMaximilianUniversity,Munich, Germany.ShereceivedherM.A.andPhDfromAmericanUniversityin Washington,DC.PriortoherrelocationtoGermany,Dr.LowerwasDirectorof VisitingScholarsProgramsattheU.S.HolocaustMemorialMuseum’sCenter forAdvancedHolocaustStudies;taughtcoursesinmodernEuropeanhistory, Soviethistory,andHolocausthistoryatAmericanUniversity,Georgetown University;andwasassistantprofessorofhistoryatTowsonUniversity.She hasservedonvarioustaskforcesforHolocausteducation,andhasledseveral teachingworkshopsforAmericanandEuropeanhistoryfaculty.Sheisa memberoftheInternationalAdvisoryBoardforYahadͲInͲUnum(Paris),andof

18  theJournalofGenocideResearch.Besidesbookchaptersandjournalarticles,LowerauthoredanawardͲ winningbook,NaziEmpireBuildingandtheHolocaustinUkraine(2005/Ukrainianedition2010).ShecoͲ edited(withRayBrandon)TheShoahinUkraine:History,TestimonyandMemorialization (2008/Ukrainianedition2011),andrecentlyannotatedthediaryofSamuelGolfard,EscapingOblivion: TheHolocaustinEasternGalicia(RowmanLittlefield,2011).Sheisfinishingabookmanuscriptonfemale perpetratorsinUkraine,PolandandBelarus.Hernextmonograph,fundedbytheGermanResearch Foundation,isacomparativebiographicalstudyofHolocaustperpetratorsinpostwarUkraine,Austria, EastGermanyandWestGermany.     CHRISTOPHMICKisAssociateProfessorintheDepartmentofHistoryatthe UniversityofWarwick.Hestudiedmodernhistory,politicalscienceand GermanliteratureattheUniversityofTübingen,wherehealsocompleteda doctorate(Dr.phil.)in1992.HereceivedhisvenialegendiinEastern Europeanhistory(Dr.habil.)in2004.Hehaspublishednumerousarticleson thehistoryofGermanͲSovietrelationsintheinterͲwarperiod,thehistoryof scienceintheSovietUnion,andwarexperiencesinEasternEurope,including severalarticlesthattreattopicsofrelevancetoUkrainianͲJewishrelations: “IncompatibleExperiences:Poles,UkrainiansandJewsinLvivunderSovietand GermanOccupation,1941Ͳ44”,JournalofContemporaryHistory(46,no.2, 2011);“‘OnlytheJewsdonotwaver ’LvivunderSovietOccupation”,inElazar Barkan,ElizabethA.Cole,KaiStruve(eds),SharedHistory–DividedMemory. JewsandOthersinSovietͲOccupiedPoland1939Ͳ1941(Leipzig:Universitätsverlag,Leipzig,2007);“Die 'Ukrainermacher'undihreKonkurrenten.StrategiendernationalenVereinnahmungdesLandesin Ostgalizien”,inComparativ(2005)and“EthnischeGewaltundPogromeinLemberg1914–1941”,in Osteuropa53(2003).Hisbook,KriegserfahrungenineinermultiethnischenStadt.Lviv1914Ͳ1947(War experiencesinamultiethniccity:Lviv1914Ͳ1950)waspublished.inApril2011     NATHALIEMOINEisaFellowofLeCentreNationaldelaRecherche Scientifique(France)andamemberofLeCentred’EtudesdesMondesRusse, CaucasienetCentreͲeuropéen(Paris,France).Sheisaspecialistonthesocial historyofStalinism.ShewroteherPhDonmigrantsandmarginalsinMoscow duringthe1930sandpublishedseveralarticlesonrelatedissues,inparticular, ontheconstructionofsocialandgeographicalmarginalitythroughthe introductionofaninternalpassportatthebeginningofthe1930sandits evolutioninthefollowingdecades.Hercurrentprojectandrecentpublications areaboutprivatepropertyofSovietcitizensduringWorldWarIIandthe postwaryears,includingGermanpoliciesofdestructionandspoliationinthe Sovietoccupiedterritories,Sovietuseofinternationallawregardingthe conceptualizationofreparationsandtrialsofwarcrimes,westernhumanitarianhelpforSovietcivilians, andthepostwarhierarchyofSoviet“victimsoftheoccupation”.     19 WOLFMOSKOVICHisProfessorEmeritus,formerlyProfessorandChairperson oftheDepartmentofRussianandSlavicStudiesattheHebrewUniversityof Jerusalem(1976Ͳ2004).HismainfieldsofinterestincludeSlavicstudies (Ukrainianstudiesinparticular),JewishcultureandhistoryinEasternand CentralEurope(Yiddishstudiesinparticular),interrelationsbetweenJewsand Christians,andlanguagesandculturesincontact.HestudiedatChernivtsi StateUniversity,receivedhisPhD(1965)fromtheMoscowInstituteof ForeignLanguages,andDr.Hab.(1971)fromtheAcademyofSciencesofthe USSR,Leningrad.From1965to1974hewasalsoseniorresearcherand laboratorydirectorincomputationallinguisticsandcognitivestudiesforthe CommitteeforInventionsandDiscoveriesoftheUSSR,Moscow.Hehasbeen VisitingProfessorattheuniversitiesofLondon,Oxford,Cornell,Penn,Rome(SapienzaandTorVergata), andBratislava.Hehasover300publications,including12monographs,mainlyinthefieldsoftheoretical andSlavicphilology,andJewishandUkrainianculturology.HehasservedasEditorinChiefofthebook seriesJewsandSlavs(volumes1Ͳ21,Jerusalem)since1993.Honoursreceivedinclude:ForeignMember oftheNationalAcademiesofSciencesofUkraine,RussiaandSlovenia;andtheV.ZhabotinskyGold MedaloftheUkraineͲIsraelFriendshipSociety(Kyiv)forpromotingmutualunderstandingamong nations.    TANJAPENTERholdstheprofessorshipforhistoryofEasternEuropeatthe HelmutͲSchmidtUniversity//UniversityoftheArmedForcesinHamburg, Germany.ShecompletedaPhDthesisattheuniversityofCologne/Germany onthehistoryoftheRussianRevolution:“Odessa1917.Revolutionander Peripherie”(Koeln,Wien2000)andahabilitationthesisattheuniversityof Bochum/Germanyonworkingandeverydaylifeexperiencesofthepopulation intheEasternUkrainanDonbassregionduringStalinismandGerman occupationinWorldWarII(“KohlefürStalinundHitler.ArbeitenundLebenim Donbass1929Ͳ1953“,Essen2010).Sheisauthorofnumerousarticlesonthe historyofRussiaandUkraineduringthe19thͲ20thcenturiesandreceivedvariousfellowships.In2005 shewasaresearchfellowattheUSHolocaustMemorialMuseuminWashington,D.C.Hercurrentfields ofresearcharecomparisonbetweenStalinismandNationalͲSocialism,Sovietwarcrimestrials,forced labour,andquestionsoftransitionaljusticeandcompensationintheSovietUnionandthepostͲSoviet countries.    ANATOLIYPODOLSKYisDirector(since2002)oftheUkrainianCentrefor HolocaustStudiesinKyiv;alecturerofHolocaustHistoryattheNational UniversityKyivͲMohylaAcademy;andteacherofJewishHistoryinBeitͲSefer Simkha.Since1993,heisResearchAssociateattheDepartmentofJewish HistoryandCulture,InstituteofEthnicandPoliticalStudies,NationalAcademy ofSciencesofUkraine.HecompletedaPhDinHistoryin1996,withathesison “TheNaziGenocideofJewsinUkraine,1941Ͳ1944”.Heistheauthorofmore than70articles–publishedinUkrainian,RussianandIsraeliresearchjournals –onthehistoryofJewsinUkraine,thehistoryoftheHolocaustinUkraineandEasternEurope,teaching abouttheHolocaust,andtoleranceeducation.Hehasparticipatedin,andpresentedpapersonthese topicsatnumerousinternationalconferencessincetheearly1990s–inUkraine,Israel,Poland, 20  Lithuania,Germany,theU.S.andtheU.K.Recentpublicationsinclude:“CollaborationinUkraineduring theHolocaust:AspectsofHistoriographyandResearch”inCollaborationwiththeNazis.PublicDiscourse aftertheHolocaust,editedbyRoniStauber(Routledge–OxonandNewYork,2011);“TheTragicFateof UkrainianJewishWomenunderNazioccupation,1941Ͳ1944”inSexualViolenceAgainstJewishWomen DuringtheHolocaust,editedbyS.M.HedgepethandR.G.Saidel(BrandeisUniversityPress,2010);and thetextbookLessonsofthePast:HistoryoftheHolocaustinUkraine(Kyiv,PublishingHouse “Zovnishtorgvydav”–inUkrainian,EnglishandRussian,2009).     PETERJ.POTICHNYJisProfessorEmeritusatMcMasterUniversity.He completedhishighereducationintheUnitedStateswithaB.A.fromTemple University,andanM.A.,aCertificateinRussianStudies,andaPhDfrom ColumbiaUniversity.HetaughtPoliticalScienceatUppsalaCollege,SirWilfred Laurier,UkrainianFreeUniversityandMcMasterUniversity.HeservedasDean ofLawandSocialScienceattheUkrainianFreeUniversity;asPresidentand SecretaryGeneraloftheCanadianAssociationofSlavists;andasSecretaryof theInternationalCommitteeofSovietandEastEuropeanStudies.Healso servedontheBoardofDirectorsoftheSocialScienceandHumanities ResearchCouncilofCanada,andasChairpersonoftheInterdepartmentalCommitteeonCommunistand EastEuropeanAffairsatMcMasterUniversity.HeisSeniorFellowofCERES,UniversityofToronto; MemberoftheScientificCouncil,HrushevskyInstituteofUkrainianArcheography,NationalAcademyof Science,Kyiv;HonoraryProfessorofEastChinaUniversityinChina,andNationalUniversity“Lviv Polytechnic”inUkraine.Heistheauthor,coͲauthorandeditorof35booksandauthorofover100 articles.HeisalsoEditorͲinͲChiefoftheLitopysUPA,ofwhich80volumesofdocumentsandmemoirson theUkrainianliberationstruggleinthe20thcenturyhavebeenpublishedtodate.In2008hewas decoratedbyPresidentYushchenkoofUkrainewithTheOrderofMeritIIIClass.     SHIMONREDLICHisProfessorEmeritusinModernJewishHistory,BenͲGurion University,wherehetaughtfrom1970to2003.BorninLwow(Lviv),helived 90kmawayinBrzezanyuntiltheSecondWorldWarandduringtheSoviet rule,1939Ͳ1941.AftersurvivingtheHolocaustintheBrzezanyGhettoandin thenearbyvillageofRaj,hesettledwiththeremnantsofhisfamilyinLodzin 1945,andimmigratedtoIsraelin1950.HereceivedaB.A.inHistoryand LiteraturefromtheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem(1960),anM.A.inRussian Studies,HarvardUniversity(1964),andaPhDinJewishHistory,NewYork University(1968).HehaslecturedatWhitmanCollege,HunterCollege,BarͲ IlanUniversity,HebrewUniversity,andUniversityofPittsburgh.PositionsheldatBGUinclude:Chairman oftheHistoryDepartment,DirectoroftheCenterforEastEuropeanJewishStudies,andDirectorofthe RabbCenterforHolocaustStudies.PublicationsincludebooksandarticlesontheHistoryoftheJewsin Russia,PolandandintheSovietUnion,suchas:War,HolocaustandStalinism:ADocumentedHistoryof theJewishAntiͲFascistCommitteeintheUSSR(1995);TogetherandApartinBrzezany:Poles,Jewsand Ukrainians,1919Ͳ1945(2002,publishedinPolishUkrainianandHebrew),andLifeinTransit:Jewsin PostwarLodz,1945Ͳ1950(2010).

 21 RAZSEGALiscompletingadoctorateattheStrasslerCenterforHolocaustand GenocideStudies,ClarkUniversity.Hisdoctoraldissertation,Embittered Legacies:GenocideinSubcarpathianRus’,isamultidisciplinaryanalysisof massviolenceinWorldWarIIHungaryͲruledSubcarpathianRus’.Segalhas receivedseveralfellowships,includingaFulbrightDoctoralFellowship.He completedhisM.A.inJewishHistoryatTelͲAvivUniversityin2007.Hehas presentedhisresearchinanumberofacademicconferencesinIsrael, Hungary,Canada,andtheU.S.HealsoproposedandorganizedtheFirst InternationalGraduateStudents’ConferenceonHolocaustandGenocide Studies(ClarkUniversity,April2009).Thesecondconferenceisplannedfor April2012.HisfirstbookhasjustbeenpublishedinHebrew:DaysofRuin:TheJewsofMunkácsduring theHolocaust(Jerusalem:YadVashemPublications,2011).Hehasalsopublishedarticles,including: “BecomingBystanders:CarpathoͲRuthenians,Jews,andthePoliticsofNarcissisminSubcarpathianRus’” inHolocaustStudies:AJournalofCultureandHistory(2011);and“TheJewsofHusztbetweentheWorld WarsandintheHolocaust”(2006);andentriesonghettosinSubcarpathianRus’intheUnitedStates HolocaustMemorialMuseumEncyclopediaofCampsandGhettos,1933Ͳ1945(forthcomingin2012).   IGORSHCHUPAKisDirectorofthe“Tkuma”InstituteforHolocaustStudiesand theMuseumofHistoryofJewsinUkraineandHolocaustHistory (Dnipropetrovsk).HeisalsoeditorͲinͲchiefof“Premier”PublishingHouse (Zaporizhzhya).HestudiedhistoryattheZaporizhzhyaStateUniversity (Ukraine),andobtainedaPhDinhistoryfromtheUniversityofToronto (Canada)in2002.Heistheauthorofmorethan100scholarlyworks(published inCanada,Israel,Poland,Russia,andUkraine)onthehistoryofUkrainian Jews,Holocausthistory,andproblemsofinterethnicrelationsontheterritory ofUkraine.HeisalsotheauthorofahistorytextbookforUkrainianschools, whichisrecommendedbytheMinistryofEducationandScienceofUkraine. Hispublicationsinclude:“NaziAntiͲSemiticPropagandaamongtheLocal PopulationofUkraine”inHolocaustStudies,2006,Issue3(Dnipropetrovsk,2006);“MetropolitanAndrei Sheptyts’kyi:PersonalityandSymbolinHistory”inHolocaustStudies,2007,Issue4,(Dnipropetrovsk, 2007);“HolocaustHistoryResearchinUkraine”inZagųada‚ydów.StudiaiMateriaųy,2008,t.4(coͲ author,Warsaw,2008);TheHolocaustinUkraine:inSearchofAnswerstoHistoryQuestions (Dnipropetrovsk,2009);TheHolocaustinUkraine:MultimediaeͲBook(Kyiv–Dnipropetrovsk,2009);and WorldHistory:ModernPeriod(1939–2011):Textbookfor11FormofPublicSchoolsofUkraine (Zaporizhzhya,2011).

  TIMOTHYSNYDERisprofessorofhistoryatYaleUniversity,specializinginthe politicalhistoryofcentralandeasternEurope.HereceivedhisB.A.from BrownUniversityandhisdoctoratefromtheUniversityofOxford.Hehas heldfellowshipsinParis,Warsaw,andatHarvard.Afrequentguestatthe InstituteforHumanSciencesinVienna,hespeaksfiveandreadsten Europeanlanguages.Hispublicationsincludefivebooks:Nationalism, Marxism,andModernCentralEurope:ABiographyofKazimierzKellesͲKrauz (1998);TheReconstructionofNations:Poland,Ukraine,Lithuania,Belarus, 1569Ͳ1999(2003);SketchesfromaSecretWar:APolishArtist’sMissionto LiberateSovietUkraine(2005);TheRedPrince:TheSecretLivesofaHabsburg 22  Archduke(2008);andBloodlands:EuropeBetweenHitlerandStalin(2010).Allhavebeentranslatedand allhavereceivedawards.Bloodlandsisbeingtranslatedintotwentylanguagesandwasnamedtotwelve bookͲofͲtheͲyearlistsfor2010.MostrecentlySnyderhelpedthelateTonyJudtcomposeaspokenbook, ThinkingtheTwentiethCentury(forthcoming).Heiscoeditorof:WallAroundtheWest:StateBorders andImmigrationControlsinEuropeandNorthAmerica(2000)andStalinismandEurope:Terror,War, Domination(forthcoming).HisscholarlyarticleshaveappearedinPastandPresent,theJournalofCold WarStudies,andotherjournals;hehasalsowrittenforTheNewYorkReviewofBooks,TheTimes LiterarySupplement,TheNation,TheNewRepublic,TheNewYorkTimes,TheWallStreetJournal,and otherdailynewspapers.HetakespartincurricularconferencesonHolocausteducationandsitsonthe editorialboardsoftheJour nalofModernEuropeanHistoryandEastEuropeanPoliticsandSocieties.    KAISTRUVEisaresearchfellowattheInstituteofHistoryofMartinLuther UniversityinHalle,Germany.HereceivedhisPhDin2002attheFree UniversityofBerlinandheldpositionsattheHerderInstitute,Marburg,and theSimonDubnowInstituteofJewishHistoryandCultureatLeipzig University.AmonghispublicationsareBauernundNationinGalizien.Über ZugehörigkeitundsozialeEmanzipationim19.Jahrhundert(Göttingen: Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht,2005);“RitesofViolence?ThePogromsof Summer1941”,in:Polin24(2011Ͳforthcoming),and“Tremorsinthe ShatterͲZoneofEmpires:EasternGaliciainSummer1941”,in:OmerBartov, EricWeitz(eds.):Borderlands:Peoples,Nations,andCulturesinthe ShatterzoneofEmpiressince1848(IndianaUniversityPressͲforthcoming). HecoͲeditedwithElazarBarkanandElizabethA.Cole,SharedHistory– DividedMemory:JewsandOthersinSovietͲOccupiedPoland,1939Ͳ1941(Leipzig:Universitätsverlag, Leipzig,2007).HeiscurrentlyworkingonabookͲlengthstudyonviolenceagainstJewsintheinitial phaseoftheGermanͲSovietwarduringsummer1941.    FRANKE.SYSYNisdirectorofthePeterJacykCentreforUkrainianHistorical ResearchattheCanadianInstituteofUkrainianStudies,UniversityofAlberta, andeditorͲinͲchiefoftheHrushevskyTranslationProject.Aspecialistin UkrainianandPolishhistory,heistheauthorofBetweenPolandandthe Ukraine:TheDilemmaofAdamKysil,1600–1653(1985),Mykhailo Hrushevsky:HistorianandNationalAwakener(2001),andvariousstudieson theKhmelnytskyUprising,Ukrainianhistoriography,andearlymodern Ukrainianpoliticalculture.HeisalsocoͲauthor,withSerhiiPlokhy,ofReligion andNationinModernUkraine(CanadianInstituteofUkrainianStudiesPress, 2003).Dr.SysynservesontheeditorialboardsoftheEncyclopediaofUkraine, HarvardUkrainianStudies,andtheJournalofUkrainianStudies.      

 23 ANDREJUMANSKYworkswithYahad–InUnum,whereheisresponsiblefor researchingGermanhistorical,militaryandlegalarchives,aswellas translating,investigatingandservingasaresearchassistant.Hewasbornin Kiev,toaUkrainianmotherandJewishfather,andnowresidesinGermany. MultiͲlingual(fluentinRussian,German,French,EnglishandUkrainian), AndrejjoinedYahadin2004.Hehasalsoservedasaresearchassistantto professorsattheUniversityofCologne,whereheobtainedaMastersin FrenchandGermanlaw.HealsohasaMastersinLawfromtheUniversityof ParisI,andanotherMastersdegreeinthehistoryoftheHolocaustinEastern EuropefromtheUniversityofParisIV.      VOLODYMYRV’IATROVYCHisaUkrainianhistorianwhospecializesinresearchof thehistoryoftheUkrainiannationalistliberationmovement.Between2008and 2010,hewastheDirectoroftheStateArchiveoftheSecurityServiceofUkraine, taskedwithdeclassifyingandmakingaccessiblepreviouslysecretKGBarchives.In 2002,hefoundedtheCentreforResearchontheLiberationMovement(CDVR) www.cdvr.org.uaͲanonͲgovernmentalorganizationthatdealswithvarious aspectsoftheUkrainiannationalistmovementinthe20thcentury.CDVRpublishes thescientificjournal“UkrainianLiberationMovement"(editedbyDr.Viatrovych), andcollaborateswithacad emicandstateinstitutionsofUkraine,Lithuania,PolandandSlovakia.In2010Ͳ 2011,hewasaseniorvisitingscholarattheHarvardUkrainianResearchInstitute.Hispublications,in Ukrainian,includetwobooks:TheUkrainianInsurgentArmy'sRaidsonCzechoslovakterritories(LvivͲ˃oronto, 2001);andTheAttitudetoJewsAdoptedbytheOrganizationofUkrainianNationalists(Lviv,2006).Hehas alsoeditedacompilationofdocuments,PolishͲUkrainianRelationsinDocumentsofOUNandUPA,1942Ͳ1947 (Lviv,2011).     ORESTZAKYDALSKYreceivedaB.A.inpoliticalsciencefromtheUniversityof Guelphin2004.In2007hereceivedanM.A.fromtheUniversityofToronto’s CentreforEuropean,RussianandEurasianStudies.Histhesisanalyzed Ukraine’spoliticalpartysystemandtheshifttoproportionalrepresentation thattookplacetherein2006.In2008hebeganworkingasaresearcheratthe UkrainianCanadianResearchandDocumentationCentreinToronto.From 2008Ͳ10,heconductedinterviewswithHolodomorsurvivorslivinginCanada, andeditedandtranslatedtheseinterviewsaspartofajointprojectwiththe UkrainianCanadianCongress,SharingtheStory.Theresultofthisprojectwas awebsiteofinterviewswithHolodomorsurvivors,www.holodomorsurvivors.ca.In2010,hebegan workingonajointprojectwiththeCentrefortheStudyoftheHistoryandCultureofEastͲEuropean Jewry,KyivMohylaAcademy,IamMyBrother’sKeeper,whichseekstoidentifynewcasesofUkrainian Righteouswhohid,rescuedorotherwiseassistedtheJewishneighborsduringWWII.Theprojectis supportedbytheUkrainianJewishEncounterInitiative.In2004and2010heservedasaninternational observerwiththeCanadiangovernmentforpresidentialelectionsinUkraine.

24  UkrainianJewishEncounterPrincipals/Staff    JAMESC.TEMERTYisChairmanofNorthlandPowerInc.,amajorCanadian independentpowercompanyandalsoChairoftheBoardofTrusteesof NorthlandPowerIncomeFund.Mr.Temertyisanentrepreneurwithover40 yearsofbusinessexperience.BeforeestablishingNorthlandPowerin1987,he hadasuccessfulcareerincomputerͲrelatedcompanies,buildingtheworld’s largestchainofComputerlandfranchisesandguidingSoftchoiceCorporation toitspositionasaleadingNorthAmericanprovideroftechnologysolutions andservices.Mr.Temertyisalsoactiveinphilanthropy,servingasChairofthe BoardofGovernorsoftheRoyalOntarioMuseumfrom2002to2009. Internationally,heisChairmanoftheKyivMohylaBusinessSchoolanda TrusteeoftheChildren’sHospitaloftheFutureinKyiv,Ukraine.Hewas appointedamemberoftheOrderofCanadain2008.      BERELRODALisamemberoftheBoardofDirectorsandChairmanofthe AdvisoryBoardoftheUkrainianJewishEncounterInitiative.Heprovides strategicadviceandrelatedservicestoselectclientsinboththeprivateand publicsectors.Heserves,aswell,asaPartner,advisortoorontheBoardsof growthͲoriented,innovativeinvestmentandtechnologyenterprises,NGOs, andthinktanksinNorthAmerica,Europe,andAsia.Hisprofessional experienceasaseniorofficialintheGovernmentofCanadafortwentyyears includedpolicy,planning,andexecutiveresponsibilitiesintheforeignaffairs, internationaltrade,defense,security,economic,andsocialdomains.Hewasa memberoftheCanadianteamthatnegotiatedtheCanadaͲUSFreeTrade Agreement,precursorofNAFTA,thelargestsuchagreementeverconcluded. Hewritesandlecturesonnationalismandpoliticalidentity,thestateandgovernanceissues,and internationalpoliticalandsecurityaffairs.Heistheauthorofavarietyofpublications,includingThe SomaliaExperienceinStrategicPerspective.HeholdsdegreesfromMcGillandOxfordUniversities.He servesasViceChairoftheInternationalCenteronNonviolentConflict,basedinWashington,DC,andisa founderoftheNorthAmericanForum.             25 UJECoͲDirectors  ADRIANKARATNYCKYisamemberoftheBoardofDirectorsoftheUkrainian JewishEncounterInitiative.HeisaSeniorFellowattheAtlanticCouncilofthe U.S.anddirectorofitsUkraineͲNorthAmericaDialogue.From1993until2003, hewasPresidentofFreedomHouse,duringwhichtimehedeveloped programsofassistancetodemocraticandhumanrightsmovementsinBelarus, Serbia,Russia,andUkraineanddevisedarangeoflongͲtermcomparative analyticsurveysofdemocracyandpoliticalreform.Fortwelveyearshe directedthebenchmarksurveyFreedomintheWorldandwascoͲeditoroftheannualNationsinTransit studyofreforminthepostͲCommunistworld.HeisafrequentcontributortoForeignAffairs,Newsweek, TheWashingtonPost,TheWallStreetJournal,TheFinancialTimes,TheInternationalHeraldTribune,and manyotherperiodicals.HeiscoͲauthorofthreebooksonSovietandpostͲSovietthemes.  ALTIRODALisahistorian,writer,formerprofessorofJewishhistory,and formerofficialandadvisortotheGovernmentofCanada.Shewasbornin Chernivtsi(Czernowitz)inUkraine,andreceivedherearlyschoolinginIsrael. ShewaseducatedatMcGill,OxfordandHebrewuniversitiesinthefieldsof historyandliterature.HerprofessionalexperienceincludesadecadeoffullͲ timeandsessionalteachingatuniversitiesinMontreal,Ottawa,andOxford; researchandwriting,underacademic,policyinstitute,governmental,and otherauspices;andtwentyͲfiveyearsofsenioradvisoryandmanagement experienceingovernmentinCanada,includingwiththePrivyCouncilOffice, RoyalCommissions,federalgovernmentcentralagenciesanddepartments,andprovincialagencies.She istheauthorofavarietyofstudiesandreportsforgovernment,aswellasscholarlyandotherwritingon aspectsofidentity,Jewishhistoryandculture,interͲcommunalrelations,andpublicpolicy.Shehasalso servedontheboardsofseveralnationalCanadianNGOs/communityorganizations.  UJEDirectorofOperations  RAYASHADURSKYhascomefromtheprivateandnotͲforͲprofitsectors, whereshehasheldseniormanagementpositions,includingWesternRegional Director,InstituteofCanadianBankers,andCanadianDirectoroftheCertified EmployeeBenefitsSpecialistprogram.Asacommunityactivist,shehasserved innumerousleadershiproles,includingasPresident,UkrainianCanadian ProfessionalandBusinessFederation;memberoftheNationalExecutiveand ChairoftheCommunicationsCommitteeoftheUkrainianCanadianCongress; ChairofFamilyCouncilfortheUkrainianCanadianCareCentre;Chair,Vision CommitteefortheCouncilofUkrainianCreditUnionsofCanada;Memberof theOrganizingCommitteeandWorkshopModeratorfortheForumforCentral andEasternEuropeanBusinessDevelopment;BoardDirectorfortheNationalCouncilofEthnicCanadian BusinessandProfessionalAssociations;ExecutiveDirectoroftheTorontoUkrainianFestival,thelargest UkrainianFestivalinNorthAmerica;foundingmemberofEtobicokeSunriseRotary;andmemberofthe OrganizingCommitteeforaTelethonfortheQueenStreetMentalHealthHospitalOutreachFacilityͲ Archway.RayacurrentlycontinueshervolunteerinvolvementasChair,FundraisingCommitteeofthe UkrainianCanadianSocialServices–Torontobranch,andChair,BestPracticesCommitteeandmember oftheGovernanceCommitteeoftheMississaugaRatepayers’AssociationNetwork. 

26  KonradͲAdenauerͲStiftungPrincipals/Staff  GERHARDWAHLERSisDeputySecretaryGeneral(sinceOctober2007)ofthe KonradͲAdenauerͲStiftung(KAS)inBerlin.Uptotheearly1980s,hestudied history,sociology,economicsandpoliticalscienceattheWestfälische WilhelmsͲUniversitätinMünsterandalsodidmilitaryservice.Between1986 and1988heconductedresearchstudiesinLatinAmericawithfundingfrom theGermanAcademicExchangeService(DAAD),primarilyinVenezuela,as wellasinColumbia,theDominicanRepublic,Chile,Argentina,andBrazil.He wasawardedascholarshipbytheKonradͲAdenauerͲStiftung,andthen obtainedaPhDinphilosophyattheWestfälischeWilhelmsͲUniversitätin Münsterin1989.HejoinedKASasaDeskOfficerintheInternational CooperationDivisionin1990.HethenheadedKAS’officeinJerusalem/Israel between1994Ͳ1997,andKAS’officeinWashington/USAfrom1997to2003. SinceMay2003,hehasservedasHeadoftheInternationalDivisionofKASHeadquartersinBerlin    JENSPAULUSisHead(since2010)oftheEuropeandNorthAmerica DepartmentoftheKonradͲAdenauerͲStiftung(KAS).Followingmilitaryservice, hestudiedpoliticalscience,historyandphilosophy,firstatJustusͲLiebigͲ UniverstitätGießen(1993Ͳ1995)andthenAlbertusͲMagnusͲUniversitätin Cologne,Germany(1995Ͳ1999).Between1999Ͳ2002heworkedatthe ResearchInstituteforPoliticalScienceandEuropeanAffairsatAlbertusͲ MagnusͲUniversitätinCologne.HethenworkedasKAS’representativein Abuja/Nigeria(2002Ͳ2005).In2005Ͳ2006,hewasDeskOfficeratKASͲ InternationalCooperationDivision(Europe/NorthAmericaDepartment)in Berlin,andfrom2006to2010wasHeadofKASͲExecutiveOfficeinBerlin.     GABRIELEBAUMANNisHead(since2008)oftheDomesticPrograms Department,InternationalCooperationDivision,oftheKonradͲAdenauerͲ Stiftung(KAS)inBerlin.SheobtainedaMastersDegreeinSlavonicLanguages andEastEuropeanHistoryin1987inMunich,Germany.From1994to2000, shewasDirectoroftheTranslatingandConsultingenterprise,SPRACHDIENST RUSSISCH.From2000to2005,shewasDirectoroftheKASofficeinSt. Petersburg,Russia.Between2005and2008,sheheadedKAS’EasternEurope DivisioninBerlin.

    

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