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GRAND TETON Tslational Tark WYOMING WARNING GRAND TETON TSlational Tark WYOMING WARNING This park, mostly wilderness, is the home of many wild animals, which roam it unmolested. Though they may seem tame, they are not! Some have been known to attack visitors without apparent provocation and have caused serious injury. Watch them at a safe distance; when driving, do not stop unless you can pull off the road; and stay in your car. For your safety, we must enforce the Grand Teton regulation which prohibits feeding or molesting these wild animals. Campers, and those who frequent roads and trails on foot, should exercise constant care to avoid attacks and injuries. NATIONAL PARK Historic Events 1872 Disputed ascent of Grand Teton by Langford and Stevenson. 1807-8 Discovery of the Tetons by William H.Jackson, with Hay- John Colter. den geological survey party, RAND TETON NATIONAL PARK in­ Teton rises to 13,766 feet and towers more 1811 The West-bound Astorians took first photographs of the cludes the most scenic portion than 7,000 feet above the floor of Jackson crossed Teton Pass. Tetons. G of the majestic Teton Mountain Hole. 1818 Canadian fur traders under Don­ 1877 Hayden survey party of Orestes Range and the northern portion of Jack­ The Snake River, flowing south from ald McKenzie ascended Snake St. John made geological studies River to its headwaters. in the Tetons. son Hole, a high mountain valley famous Yellowstone National Park, widens into Jackson Lake, 14 miles long. Below the 1824 American trappers under Jede- 1879 Thomas Moran painted the for its associations with early western his­ diah Smith reached Jackson Teton Range. tory. Through congressional action in lake, the swift river bisects and cuts ever Hole. 1884 The first settlers entered Jackson 1950 the greater portion of the former deeper into the glacial outwash plain of 1825-40 Zenith of the fur trade in Hole. Jackson Hole National Monument was the Ice Age. North of this upland valley Jackson Hole and the Rocky 1897 Teton Forest Reserve estab­ added to the park. The portions not so lie the high plateaus of Yellowstone Na­ Mountain Region. lished. added were included in the National Elk tional Park; on the east and south are the 1829 William Sublette named "Jack­ Mount Leidy highlands and the Gros son's Hole" after his partner in 1898 The Owen Spalding party made Refuge and the Teton National Forest. the fur trade, David E. Jackson. an ascent of the Grand Teton. The enlarged park contains approxi­ Ventre Mountains. Emma Matilda and 1832 Rendezvous of fur trappers in 1929 Grand Teton National Park mately 300,000 acres of Federal lands. Two Ocean, two lovely mountain lakes, Pierre's Hole. Battle of Pierre's established and dedicated. The park is a part of the National Park lie north of the Snake and it's tributary, Hole. 1943 Jackson Hole National Monu­ System owned by the people of the United Buffalo Fork. ment established. 1842 Alleged attempt to climb the States and administered for them by the Together the Teton Mountains and Grand Teton by Michaud. 1950 Grand Teton National Park National Park Service of the Department Jackson Hole form a landscape of match­ 1860 Jim Bridger guided Capt. W. F. enlarged by the addition of of the Interior. less grandeur and majesty unlike any Raynolds' expedition through most of Jackson Hole National Teton country. Monument. The great array of peaks which consti­ other in America. tute the scenic climax of Grand Teton National Park is one of the noblest in the History of the Region world. Southwest of Jenny Lake, which UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE is in the central portion of the park, is a The Tetons are remarkably rich in culminating group of lofty peaks whose historic traditions. The Grand Teton INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary dominating feature is the Grand Teton. itself has been referred to by an eminent Much of the mountainous area of the historian as "the most noted historic NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Conrad L. Wirth, Director park is above timber line; the Grand summit of the West." 3 Up to 1800, Indians held undisputed period of the great migrations to Ore­ sway over the country dominated by the gon, California, and Utah in the 1840's Three Tetons. Jackson Hole was liter­ and 1850's via South Pass, the Jackson ally a happy hunting ground, and, while Hole country was largely deserted. the severe winters precluded permanent There were brief flurries of interest in habitation, during the milder seasons, i860, when Jim Bridger guided the Ray- bands of Indians frequently came across nolds' expedition through Jackson Hole, the passes into the basins on warring or and in 1863, when Montana prospectors hunting expeditions. searched the gravel bars of Snake River The Tetons probably first became for gold. known to white men in 1807-8, when In the period from 1872 to 1880 sev­ the intrepid John Colter, originally a eral Government expeditions explored member of the Lewis and Clark Expe­ the valley and named most of the geo­ dition, explored the region for the fur logical features of the surrounding coun­ trader, Manuel Lisa. On his return trip try. Thomas Moran, the famous artist, he became the discoverer of the geyser and William H. Jackson, the "Pioneer and hot-spring area of what is now Yel­ Photographer," painted and photo­ lowstone National Park. graphed the Tetons during some of these The Astorians, the first Americans to expeditions. go overland after Lewis and Clark, The first settlers came to Jackson Hole passed through Jackson Hole in 1811 in 1884, and began building homes at and crossed the Tetons on their way to what later became the villages of Jack­ the mouth of the Columbia. son, Moran, and Wilson. During these The decades that followed are fre­ days of early settlement Jackson Hole quently referred to as the "Fur Trade acquired a reputation as the hideout of Era," for then Jackson Hole was a ver­ many of the outlaws of the West. No itable crossroads of the Rocky Mountain doubt some did use this secluded valley fur trade and the scene of intensive ex­ as a hideaway, but undoubtedly these ploration and trapping activities by both stories were exaggerated,' as Jackson British and American fur interests. Ex­ Hole sometimes is confused with the plorations by such "mountain men" as "Hole in the Wall" and other known sanctuaries of Wyoming "bad men." Robert Stuart, Jedediah Smith, Jim Bridger, and Kit Carson helped to in­ sure the acquisition of "Oregon Terri­ Sculpture of the Landscape tory" for the United States. The picturesque name of "Jackson Geologists regard the Teton Range as Hole" for this high mountain valley one of the most impressive known ranges dates back to 1829, when Capt. William of the "fault block" type. Ages ago, Sublette named it for his fellow trapper along a great break in the earth's crust and partner, David E. Jackson, when he (the "Teton Fault") a gigantic block was found him in camp on the shore of "Jack­ uplifted and given a westward slant. son's Lake" after the Wind River ren­ Long-continued sculpturing of this tilted dezvous of 1829. fault block by many natural agencies— The Rocky Mountain fur trade de­ frost, streams, avalanches of rock and —UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD PHOTO clined sharply after 1839, and during the snow, and glaciers—has produced the Mount Teewinot as seen from the Jenny Lake Museum. 4 5 notable scenic features of the Teton Range A fuller account of the geologic fea­ as we now see it. tures is given on the reverse side of the Streams on the east slope, having topographic map of Grand Teton Na­ steeper gradients and therefore more tional Park, for sale at the museum. rapid flow than the other streams, cut spectacular canyons on this side of the Wildlife range. As these streams have worked back into the giant block, they have The Jackson Hole country, long fa­ caused the divide to migrate westward, mous for its big game, is the home of one diverting more and more drainage to the of the world's largest elk herds. The elk, east and leaving the great peaks standing or wapiti, have been the most important like monuments on the ever-widening big-game animals in Jackson Hole since east slope. the occupancy of white men. In the East of the Teton Fault, in the Jackson spring they leave the low country of the Hole area, another great earth block lies park and the National Elk Refuge, near the town of Jackson, and move toward deeply buried beneath debris brought A part of the Jackson Hole Elk herd. down into the basin by mountain streams the highlands surrounding the valley. and glaciers. Changes wrought by the When snowfall comes in the high coun­ great glaciers of the Ice Age have given try the elk return to the refuge, which have constituted a plant-migration bar­ The Interpretive Program the region much of its distinctive char­ is administered by the Fish and Wildlife rier which many forms could not cross; acter. Glacial erosion is strikingly evi­ Service of the Department of the Interior. hence the range limit of a number of The park museum is located at Jenny dent in the sharply chiselled peaks, the Shiras moose, the most commonly seen species is found here. Representatives Lake, the focal point for all naturalist U-shaped canyons and the profound ba­ big game animal, is frequently observed from north, south, east, and west are in activities. In it are housed exhibits per­ sins ("cirques") at their heads, and the in the smaller ponds and marshy mead­ the region, this being the limit, in many taining to history, geology, fauna, and numerous little alpine tarns (lakelets ows.
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