Wolfram Pyta Die Präsidialgewalt in Der Weimarer Republik
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Kurt Von Schleicher the Soldier and Politics in the Run-Up to National Socialism: a Case Study of Civil-Military Relations
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2013-06 Kurt von Schleicher the soldier and politics in the run-up to national socialism: a case study of civil-military relations Bitter, Alexander B. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34631 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS KURT VON SCHLEICHER—THE SOLDIER AND POLITICS IN THE RUN-UP TO NATIONAL SOCIALISM: A CASE STUDY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS by Alexander B. Bitter June 2013 Thesis Co-Advisors: Donald Abenheim Carolyn Halladay Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202–4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704–0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 2013 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS KURT VON SCHLEICHER—THE SOLDIER AND POLITICS IN THE RUN-UP TO NATIONAL SOCIALISM: A CASE STUDY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS 6. -
The War to End War — the Great War
GO TO MASTER INDEX OF WARFARE GIVING WAR A CHANCE, THE NEXT PHASE: THE WAR TO END WAR — THE GREAT WAR “They fight and fight and fight; they are fighting now, they fought before, and they’ll fight in the future.... So you see, you can say anything about world history.... Except one thing, that is. It cannot be said that world history is reasonable.” — Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoevski NOTES FROM UNDERGROUND “Fiddle-dee-dee, war, war, war, I get so bored I could scream!” —Scarlet O’Hara “Killing to end war, that’s like fucking to restore virginity.” — Vietnam-era protest poster HDT WHAT? INDEX THE WAR TO END WAR THE GREAT WAR GO TO MASTER INDEX OF WARFARE 1851 October 2, Thursday: Ferdinand Foch, believed to be the leader responsible for the Allies winning World War I, was born. October 2, Thursday: PM. Some of the white Pines on Fair Haven Hill have just reached the acme of their fall;–others have almost entirely shed their leaves, and they are scattered over the ground and the walls. The same is the state of the Pitch pines. At the Cliffs I find the wasps prolonging their short lives on the sunny rocks just as they endeavored to do at my house in the woods. It is a little hazy as I look into the west today. The shrub oaks on the terraced plain are now almost uniformly of a deep red. HDT WHAT? INDEX THE WAR TO END WAR THE GREAT WAR GO TO MASTER INDEX OF WARFARE 1914 World War I broke out in the Balkans, pitting Britain, France, Italy, Russia, Serbia, the USA, and Japan against Austria, Germany, and Turkey, because Serbians had killed the heir to the Austrian throne in Bosnia. -
Ordinary Economic Voting Behavior in the Extraordinary Election of Adolf Hitler
THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY VOLUME 68 DECEMBER 2008 NUMBER 4 Ordinary Economic Voting Behavior in the Extraordinary Election of Adolf Hitler GARY KING, ORI ROSEN, MARTIN TANNER, AND ALEXANDER F. WAGNER The enormous Nazi voting literature rarely builds on modern statistical or economic research. By adding these approaches, we find that the most widely accepted existing theories of this era cannot distinguish the Weimar elections from almost any others in any country. Via a retrospective voting account, we show that voters most hurt by the depression, and most likely to oppose the government, fall into separate groups with divergent interests. This explains why some turned to the Nazis and others turned away. The consequences of Hitler’s election were extraordinary, but the voting behavior that led to it was not. ow did free and fair democratic elections lead to the extraordinary H antidemocratic Nazi Party winning control of the Weimar Republic? The profound implications of this question have led “Who voted for Hitler?” to be the most studied question in the history of voting behavior research. Indeed, understanding who voted for Hitler is The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 68, No. 4 (December 2008). © The Economic History Association. All rights reserved. ISSN 0022-0507. Gary King is David Florence Professor of Government, Department of Government, Harvard University, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, 1737 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. E-mail: [email protected]. Ori Rosen is Associate Professor, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, Bell Hall 221, El Paso, TX 79968. E-mail: [email protected]. -
Bulletin Issue 33 Fall 2003
GERMAN HISTORICAL INSTITUTE,WASHINGTON,DC BULLETIN ISSUE 33 FALL 2003 CONTENTS PREFACE 7 FEATURES People on the Move: The Challenges of Migration in Transatlantic Perspective Third Gerd Bucerius Lecture, 2003 9 Rita Su¨ssmuth Exceptionalism in European Environmental History 23 Joachim Radkau Theses on Radkau 45 John R. McNeill Transitional Justice After 1989: Is Germany so Different? 53 A. James McAdams GHI RESEARCH Authority in the “Blackboard Jungle”: Parents and Teachers, Experts and the State, and the Modernization of West Germany in the 1950s 65 Dirk Schumann REPORTS ON CONFERENCES,SYMPOSIA,SEMINARS The German Discovery of America: A Review of the Controversy over Didrik Pining’s Voyage of Exploration in 1473 in the North Atlantic 79 Thomas L. Hughes From Manhattan to Mainhattan: Architecture and Style as Transatlantic Dialogue, 1920–1970 82 David Lazar Perceptions of Security in Germany and the United States from 1945 to the Present 87 Georg Schild Honoring Willy Brandt 90 Dirk Schumann Historical Justice in International Perspective: How Societies Are Trying to Right the Wrongs of the Past 92 Bernd Scha¨fer German History in the Early Modern Era, 1490–1790 Ninth Transatlantic Doctoral Seminar in German History, 2003 99 Richard F. Wetzell “Vom Alten Vaterland zum Neuen”: German-Americans, Letters from the “Old Homeland,” and the Great War Mid-Atlantic German History Seminar 105 Marion Deshmukh Culture in American History: Transatlantic Perspectives Young Scholars Forum 2003 107 Christine von Oertzen The June 17, 1953 Uprising—50 Years Later 111 Jeffrey Luppes American Studies in Twentieth-Century Germany 114 Philipp Gassert Summer Seminar in Germany 2003 118 Daniel S. -
CRITICAL SOCIAL HISTORY AS a TRANSATLANTIC ENTERPRISE, 1945-1989 Philipp Stelzel a Dissertatio
RETHINKING MODERN GERMAN HISTORY: CRITICAL SOCIAL HISTORY AS A TRANSATLANTIC ENTERPRISE, 1945-1989 Philipp Stelzel A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History Chapel Hill 2010 Approved by: Adviser: Dr. Konrad H. Jarausch Reader: Dr. Dirk Bönker Reader: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Karen Hagemann Reader: Dr. Donald Reid © 2010 Philipp Stelzel ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT PHILIPP STELZEL: Rethinking Modern German History: Critical Social History as a Transatlantic Enterprise, 1945-1989 (under the direction of Konrad H. Jarausch) My dissertation “Rethinking Modern German History: Critical Social History as a Transatlantic Enterprise, 1945-1989” analyzes the intellectual exchange between German and American historians from the end of World War II to the 1980s. Several factors fostered the development of this scholarly community: growing American interest in Germany (a result of both National Socialism and the Cold War); a small but increasingly influential cohort of émigré historians researching and teaching in the United States; and the appeal of American academia to West German historians of different generations, but primarily to those born between 1930 and 1940. Within this transatlantic intellectual community, I am particularly concerned with a group of West German social historians known as the “Bielefeld School” who proposed to re-conceptualize history as Historical Social Science (Historische Sozialwissenschaft). Adherents of Historical Social Science in the 1960s and early 1970s also strove for a critical analysis of the roots of National Socialism. Their challenge of the West German historical profession was therefore both interpretive and methodological. -
Selling Weimar German Public Diplomacy and the United States
Despite powerful war resentments, German-American relations improved rapidly after World War I. The Weimar Republic and the United States even managed to forge a strong transatlantic partnership by 1929. How did this happen? Weimar Elisabeth Piller’s groundbreaking study upends the common assumption that Weimar was incapable of selling itself abroad, illustrating instead that it pursued an innovative public diplomacy campaign engaging German Americans, U.S. universities, and Selling American tourists abroad to normalize relations and build a politically advantageous friendship with the United States. In her deeply researched, vividly illustrated history of cultural-diplomatic relations between Weimar Germany and the United States, Elisabeth Piller charts a new course in the history of transatlantic interwar diplomacy. Victoria de Grazia, Columbia University Dr. Piller has achieved a masterful synthesis of diplomatic, intellectual, and cultural history. Michael Kimmage, Catholic University of America Elisabeth Piller Winner of the Franz Steiner Prize in Transatlantic History Selling Weimar German Public Diplomacy and the United States, www.steiner-verlag.de History 1918–1933 Franz Steiner Verlag Franz Steiner Verlag Piller ISBN 978-3-515-12847-6 GERMAN HISTORICAL INSTITUTE WASHINGTON TRANSATLANTISCHE HISTORISCHE STUDIEN Publications of the German Historical Institute Washington Edited by Elisabeth Engel, Axel Jansen, Jan C. Jansen, Simone Lässig and Claudia Roesch Volume 60 The German Historical Institute Washington is a center for the advanced study of history. Since 1992, the Institute’s book series Transatlantic Historical Studies (THS) has provided a venue for research on transatlantic history and American history from early modern times to the present. Books are pub- lished in English or German. -
Dokumentation Der Abgeordneten Des Deutschen Reichstages Von 1919-1933 Christian Boltanski „Archiv Der Deutschen Abgeordneten“ Alphabetische Ordnung
Kunst im Deutschen Bundestag Deutscher Bundestag IO4 Dokumentation der Abgeordneten des Deutschen Reichstages von 1919-1933 Christian Boltanski „Archiv der Deutschen Abgeordneten“ Alphabetische Ordnung Standort Titel Vorname Nachname Partei Mandate 040.24 August Abel DStP (VnR) 1930-32 049.17 Albert Abicht DNVP, NSDAP 1932-33 001.01 Dr. Bruno Ablaß DDP 1919-20 016.12 Otto Adams DVP 1920-28 001.02 Karl Aderhold USPD 1919-21 036.10 Julius Adler KPD 1928-1933 056.28 Johann Adlhoch BVP 1933 040.25 Arthur Adolph DStP (VnR) 1930-32 040.26 Wilhelm Agatz KPD 1930-33 036.11 Dr. Dirk Meints Agena DNVP 1928-33 Kunst im Deutschen Bundestag IO4 Dokumentation der Abgeordneten des Deutschen Seite 2 Reichstages von 1919-1933 Alphabetische Ordnung 001.03 Lore Agnes USPD, SPD 1919-33 026.01 Georg Ahlemann NF(DVFP) 1924 040.27 Marie Ahlers KPD 1930-33 036.08 Alois Albert BVP 1928-30 016.13 Adolf Albrecht USPD, SPD 1920-24 016.14 Helmuth Albrecht DVP 1920-32 040.28 Dr. Herbert Albrecht NSDAP 1930-33 049.18 Martin Albrecht NSDAP 1932-33 056.29 Paul Albrecht KPD 1932 fehlt Wilhelm Alef Zentrum 1933 036.09 Dr. Eduard Alexander KPD 1928-30 001.04 Joseph Allekotte Zentrum 1919-28 001.05 Ludwig Alpers DHP, DHP (WV), DHP 1919-1924, 1925-1930 058.24 Max Amann NSDAP 1933 001.06 Josef Andre Zentrum 1919-28 016.15 Marie Ansorge SPD 1920-33 057.01 Johann Appler NSDAP 1933 032.29 Martha Arendsee KPD 1924-30 Kunst im Deutschen Bundestag IO4 Dokumentation der Abgeordneten des Deutschen Seite 3 Reichstages von 1919-1933 Alphabetische Ordnung 049.19 Detlev von Arnim DNVP 1932-33 033.01 Marie Arning SPD 1924-30 001.07 Albert Arnstadt DNVP 1919-24 036.12 August Arteldt DHP 1928-30 036.13 Arthur Arzt SPD 1928-33 049.20 August Asmuth Zentrum 1932-33 001.08 Julius Aßmann DVP 1919-20 001.09 Jacob Astor Zentrum 1919-20, 1931-32 001.10 Erhard Auer SPD 1919-20 016.16 Siegfried Aufhäuser USPD, SPD 1921-33 040.29 Elise Augustat KPD 1930-33 041.01 Dr. -
Dimensions of Bildung in the Novels Eine Jüdische Mutter, Nach Mitternacht, and Kindheitsmuster
DIMENSIONS OF BILDUNG IN THE NOVELS EINE JÜDISCHE MUTTER, NACH MITTERNACHT, AND KINDHEITSMUSTER by GORSHARN GLORY TOOR B.A., The University of British Columbia, 1993 M.A., Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED INPARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Germanic Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2012 © Gorsharn Glory Toor, 2012 Abstract In my dissertation I analyze the three novels Eine jüdische Mutter by Gertrud Kolmar, Nach Mitternacht by Irmgard Keun, and Kindheitsmuster by Christa Wolf within the paradigm of the genre of the female Bildungsroman and female anti-Bildungsroman. Ideas of belonging to an imagined community, perceived gender norms, and the power of the state play a critical role in determining the outcome of the protagonists’ Bildung, as does the status of the female protagonist. The theories of Benedict Anderson, Judith Butler and Giorigo Agamben provide a useful theoretical framework for this analysis. In Eine jüdische Mutter, set during the Weimar Republic Martha Wolg is deemed an outsider because of refusal to adhere to certain gender norms and her Jewish identity. She is unable to find a compromise with her society because she refuses to incorporate her experiences into her Bildung. In contrast, Sanna Moder does incorporate her experience in Nach Mitternacht, but goes into exile because she does not want to belong to a society in the Third Reich. In Kindheitsmuster, set in the Third Reich and the German Democratic Republic, the protagonist Nelly Jordan is an accepted member of the imagined German community, but she too faces difficulty in her Bildung. -
The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern Und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928 Roy G
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, History, Department of Department of History 4-2010 Conservative Radicals: The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928 Roy G. Koepp University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the History Commons Koepp, Roy G., "Conservative Radicals: The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928" (2010). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 29. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/29 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Conservative Radicals: The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928 By Roy G. Koepp A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor Alan E. Steinweis Lincoln, Nebraska April 2010 Conservative Radicals: The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928 Roy George Koepp, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2010 Advisor: Alan E. Steinweis In the years after the First World War numerous paramilitary organizations were set up in Bavaria with the expressed purpose of preventing a communist revolution in the state. -
Die Planung Des Ernstfalls Unter Den Regierungen Papen Und Schleicher
IV. Rettung durch Staatsnotstand? Die Planung des Ernstfalls unter den Regierungen Papen und Schleicher Eberhard Kolb/Wölfram Pyta Die Staatsnotstandsplanung unter den Regierungen Papen und Schleicher Die Auslieferung der Staatsmacht an die NS-Bewegung ist und bleibt das fundamen- tale Verhängnis der jüngeren deutschen Geschichte. Die umfassende Aufhellung des Ursachengeflechts und jener Geschehensabläufe, die in die Ernennung Hitlers zum Reichskanzler ausmündeten, bildete deshalb verständlicherweise von allem Anfang an einen herausragenden Schwerpunkt der zeitgeschichdichen Forschung. Gerade bei der Behandlung des Präsidialregimes in den Monaten der Kabinette Papen und Schleicher, bei der Herausarbeitung der Verantwortlichkeiten, Intentionen, Fehllei- stungen und Illusionen des Kreises um Hindenburg sowie des Reichspräsidenten selbst ist die Forschung schon sehr früh zu Befunden gelangt, die im Kern bis heute Gültigkeit beanspruchen können. Mustert man im Horizont dessen, was wir heute wissen und aufgrund der Quellen wissen können, die Arbeiten der 50er und 60er Jahre, dann ist es tatsächlich höchst bemerkenswert, daß die neueren Studien kaum über den Erkenntnisstand hinausführen, den vor allem Karl Dietrich Bracher und Thilo Vogelsang erarbeitet haben1. Wirklich erstrangige neue Quellen, die man als Schlüsseldokumente einstufen könnte, sind in der Zwischenzeit nicht aufgefunden worden; die Nachlässe Groener, Schleicher und Hindenburg standen schon in den 1 Karl Dietrich Bracher, Die Auflösung der Weimarer Republik. Eine Studie zum Problem -
View / Open 322 F948.Pdf
THE $ m ê È CENTER >ARîï, Ì9||§|9% A STUÌSr OP POLITICAL CATHOLICISM igy BRUCE BRAiPORO FRÍE ■ • - A THESIB ' ■ ■ 1 • presented fco thö Department of Hi s tpiy ' and thè Graduate school of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ■ • ■ Master of Arts . ' . Juñe Í9Í0 APPROVED* J'wy r' •1 (Adviser i W the The ''(Por the Coin^Wöliy CHAPTER I • THE CHARACTER OF THE CENTER PARTÍ* 1871*1911+ . The role of thé Catholic Center Party in Gorman history is a controversial Subject whose rudiments only caá be treated in this paper*. The Center Party *s character has alternately been damned and praised but Seldom written about with dispassion and often with misunderstanding* The Center has been called a party devoid of political principles* opportunist* confessional* ultramontane} , while on the other hand it has. been credited with exerting, a moderating, influence during”the period of thè' Weimar Republic and with being a stáuñch defender Of the iS&nstitutipni and thè ideals of .'¿apùblicanisSu Come have accused the Center of yielding to Hitler with the selfish desire to perpetuate itself at the expense Of the Republic} yet defenders Of the Center have pictured political Catholicism as one of Hitler>3 staunchest foes* The origin of the Center Party is rooted in Bismarck’s fight with the Catholic Church whioh a Catholic representative*: Rudolph Virchow* designated the Kulturkampf* But the seeds of religious hatred are buried deep in German history* "No other party has been so deeply and lastingly affected ty the religious' cleavage that took placó in Western Europe in the sixteenth century as the German •• the 2 i people ôîâoag itfhem It tool- Its ris© *> * * It •raTlouS periods la German Me t e r y ih© F r © # stoni or -Gabholid éeaesiiMtlaa has- stigmatised the other as feeing ^opposed to th© Ger* œ tradition#* ' fbs ^%hoii% proud of #e; traditions oí ih& Ho# toman ES^Irs'f OOiiiâ. -
Germany General German History 1. David Blackbourn, History Of
Germany General German History 1. David Blackbourn, History of Germany, 1780-1918, Second Edition 2. James J. Sheehan, German History, 1770-1866 3. Mary Fulbrook, A Concise History of Germany 4. Gordon C. Craig, Germany, 1866-1945 5. Volker Berghahn, Modern Germany, 2nd edition Sonderweg Historiography 7. Robert G. Moeller, “The Kaiserreich Recast? Continuity and Change in Modern German Historiography,” Journal of Social History, 17 (1984), 655-83. 8. Fritz Fischer, From Kaiserreich to Third Reich. Elements of Continuity in German History, 1871-1945 9. Jürgen Kocka, “German History before Hitler: The Debate about the German Sonderweg.” JCH23 (1988), pp. 3-16 10. David Blackbourn and Geoff Eley, The Peculiarities of German History: Bourgeois Society and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Germany 11. Geoff Eley, From Unification to Nazism: Reinterpreting the German Past Germany and Empire: 12. J. Breuilly, The Formation of the First German Nation State, 1800-1871 13. William J. Carr, The Origins of the Wars of German Unification 14. Hans Ulrich Wehler, German Empire 15. Wolfgang J. Mommsen, Imperial Germany 1867-1918. Politics, Culture, and Society in an Authoritarian State 16. Roger Chickering, ed., Imperial Germany: A Historiographical Companion 17. Thomas Nipperdy, Germany from Napoleon to Bismarck, 1800-1866 18. Volker Berghan, Imperial Germany, 1871-1918: Economy, Society, Culture, and Politics 19. Katharine Anne Lerman, Bismarck (Profiles in Power) --German Colonialism 20. Sara Friedrichsmeyer, Sara Lennox, Susanne M. Zantop, The Imperialist Imagination: German Colonialism and Its Legacy (Perhaps come back to) 21. Ed. Eric Ames, Marcia Klotz, and Lora Wildenthal, Germany’s Colonial Pasts 22. Andrew Zimmerman, Anthropology and Antihumanism in Imperial Germany 23.