~ i U. S. Department of the Interior BLM-Alaska Technical Report 53 " Bureau of Land Management BLM/AK/ST-03/012+6700+028 July 2003

Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 99513

Botanical Survey of Selected Sites in the White Mountains National Recreation Area and the Steese National Conservation Area, Yukon-Tanana Uplands, Alaska

Carolyn Parker, Alan R. Batten, James D. Herriges, Jr. Cover Photo Eritrichium splendens. This beautiful dwarf forget-me-not was growing on limestone rock outcrops near Mount Schwatka in the White Mountains National Recreation Area (photo by Carolyn Parker).

Authors Carolyn L Parker and Alan R Batten are research associates with the University of Alaska Museum Herbarium. James D. Herriges, Jr. is a wildlife biologist with the Bureau of Land Management, Northern Field Office in Fairbanks, Alaska.

Disclaimer The mention of trade names or commercial products in this report does not constitute endorsement or recom­ mendation for use by the federal government.

The BLM Mission The Bureau of Land Management sustains the health, diversity and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations.

Technical Reports Technical Reports issued by the Bureau of Land Management-Alaska present the results of research, studies, investigations, literature searches, testing, or similiar endeavors on a variety of scientific and technical subjects. The results presented are final, or are a summation and analysis of data at an intermediate point in a long-term research project, and have received objective review by peers in the author's field.

The reports are available while supplies last from BLM External Affairs, 222 West 7th Avenue #13, Anchorage, Alaska 99513, telephone (907) 271-3318; and from the Juneau Minerals Information Center, 100 Savikko Road. Mayflower Island, Douglas, AK 99824, (907) 364-1553. Copies are also available for inspection at the Alaska Resource Library and Information Service (Anchorage), the USDI Resources Library in Washington, D. C., various libraries of the University of Alaska, the BLM National Business Center Library (Denver) and other selected locations.

A complete bibliography of all SLM-Alaska scientific reports can be found on the Internet at: http:// www.ak.blm.gov/affairs/sci_rpts.html. Related publications are also listed at http://juneau.ak.blm.gov. Botanical Survey of Selected Sites in the White Mountains National Recreation Area and the Steese National Conservation Area, Yukon-Tanana Uplands, Alaska

Carolyn Parker, Alan R. Batten, James D. Herriges, Jr.

SLM-Alaska Technical Report 53 July 2003

U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Abstract

The Bureau of Land Management is mandated to preserve biodiversity and prevent extinction of rare species on public lands. Baseline resource inventories focusing on rare and sensitive taxa improve our knowledge of their abundance and distribution and are essential for making sound management decisions. permanently curated specimens document the occurance of all plants and are available for review by botanists. Electronically databased collection information can be readily shared with relevant agencies and researchers. These steps become invaluable when the areas of concern are remote and not easily revisited.

The Yukon-Tanana Uplands in interior Alaska are within the glacial refugium Beringia, a large region stretching from the MacKenzie River in Canada to the Lena River in Siberia. This region was connected by the exposed continental shelf during the Quaternary full glacials, yet remained free of continental ice sheets. The uplands are known to be rich in plants endemic (restricted in distribution) to Beringia and several are currently listed as rare to critically imperiled at the state and global level by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program (AKNHP). However, much of the area is remote and poorly known botanically.

The White Mountains National Recreation Area and the Steese National Conservation Area are managed by SLM-Alaska's Northern Field Office. Together they include a large portion of the Uplands landscape. Twelve sites within these BLM management units that were known or suspected to support rare plants were surveyed by botanists during the summers 1994-1996. Most sites were in the alpine and subalpine zones, where habitats known to support rare and endemic plants are most common. At each site the vegetation was described and all vascular plants observes were listed. At the first two sites all species encountered were collected as herbarium specimens. Collecting at the remaining sites was limited to taxa that had not been found previ­ ously during the survey, were difficult to identify in the field, or that were found in uncommon habitats or plant assemblages. Collections were made and additional habitat information was noted whenever populations of potentially sensitive plants were located.

The resulting inventory documents the vascular flora of the alpine and subalpine zones of the Yukon-Tanana Uplands with 990 plant specimens representing 382 taxa. Sixteen plants listed as critically imperiled (S 1) to rare (S3) by the AKNHP were found and their known distribution and habitat preferences within the Uplands are summarized. Three species, Oraba densifolia, Poa porsildii, and Mantia bostockii, were found to be more common than previously thought in at least a portion of the area surveyed. Six species were recorded as new to the Yukon-Tanana Uplands flora, including Oraba ruaxes, ranked imperiled (S2). Minor to moderate range extensions within the Uplands are documented for nine additional plants, including Festuca lenensis, ranked imper­ iled to rare (S2S3), and Trisetum sibiricum spp. litoralis, ranked imperiled (S2). Our knowledge of the sensitive vascular plant species in the Uplands has been greatly enhanced as a result of this survey.

Recommendations for management addressing the potential sources of impacts on known populations of rare plants are offered, along with suggestions for future inventories. Acknowledgements

Funding for the survey was provided by SLM-Alaska Northern Field Office. Fairbanks, with recipient support from the University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, Fairbanks, under a coopera­ tive agreement established in 1994.

We are very grateful to Brian Bogaczyk, former SLM-Alaska Northern Field Office, who initiated and supported this survey. Jim Herriges oversaw all field logistics for three summers and continued to work very closely with the Museum Herbarium staff in all stages of the project and report preparation. The University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, Fairbanks, was represented on each trip through the participation of research associates Carolyn Parker and Alan Batten. David Murray, Curator Emeritus, was involved in field work for a portion of two summers and Barbara Murray, Research Professor, for a portion of one trip. Carolyn Parker identified, processed. and databased the collections. During our three seasons, several individuals participated in a portion of the fieldwork: Rob Lipkin and George West, AKNHP-ENRI, University of Alaska, Anchorage; Debbie Blank, SLM-Alaska Anchorage Field Office; Virginia Moran and Michael Emers, USFWS; Glen Juday and Susan Willsrud, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; John Cook and Vicki DeGuenther, SLM-Alaska Northern Field Office. Cindy Hamfler and Stan Bloom, were respon­ sible for report lay-out and formatting, with Sharon Wilson and Craig Mccaa making edits.

The help of the three reviewers was invaluable and very much appreciated: David F. Murray - Professor and Curator Emeritus, University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, Fairbanks, Alaska. Robert Lipkin - Research Botanist, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska. Mary Clay Stensvold - Regional Botanist, U.S. Forest Service-Alaska Region, Sitka, Alaska.

ii Contents

Abstract. ... i Acknowledgements...... ii Introduction ...... 1 Results...... 6 Implications and Recommendations for Management...... 15 Literature Cited ...... 19 Apendix A: Descriptions of Survey Localities...... A-1 Lime Peak (Rocky Mountain) vicinity...... A-2 Mount Schwatka vicinity...... A-6 White Mountains. VABM Fossil vicinity...... A-10 Victoria Mountain vicinity, SW flanking ridge ...... A-14 East and West Crazy Mountains ...... A-17 South Fork Birch Creek ...... A-22 Big Windy Hot Springs ...... A-29 Mount Prindle vicinity ...... A-32 Apendix B: Cross-Referenced List of Plant Species Name ...... B-1 Apendix C: Vascular Plant Species List...... C-1 Apendix D: Explanation of Global and State Rankings...... D-1

Figures

Figure 1. Map of study area location in the White Mountains and Steese National Areas ...... 2 Figure 2. Draba densifolia ...... 6 Figure 3. Phlox hoodii ...... 7 Figure 4. Poa porsildii distribution map ...... 8 Figure 5. Ranunuculus g/acia/is var. chammisonis ...... 8 Figure 6. Douglasia arctica ...... 9 Figure 7. Draba ruaxes ...... 9 Figure 8. Draba ruaxes distribution map ...... 9 Figure 9. Festuca lenensis ...... 10 Figure 10. Oxytropis huddelsonii ...... 10 Figure 11. Mantia bostockii ...... 11 Figure 12. Mantia bostockii distribution map...... 11

Figure A-1. Lime Peak (Rocky Mountain) vicinity ...... A-3 Figure A-2. Survey area in the Lime Peak (Rocky Mountain) vicinity ...... A-5 Figure A-3. Mount Schwatka vicinity ...... A-7 Figure A-4. Survey area and base camp in Mount Schwatka vicinity ...... A-9 Figure A-5. White Mountains, vicinity of VABM Fossil ...... A-11 Figure A-6. Survey routes in the White Mountains, vicinity of VABM Fossil ...... A-13 Figure A-7. Victoria Mountain vicinity...... A-15 Figure A-8. Survey route along ridge southwest of Victoria Mountain ...... A-15 Figure A-9. Ridgetop and marble outcrop in the West Crazy Mountains ...... A-20 Figure A-10. Survey routes in East Crazy Mountains ...... A-20 Figure A-11. Survey routes and two isolated survey sites in the West Crazy Mountains ...... A-21 Figure A-12. Additional survey area on bluff near Preacher Creek in the West Crazy Mountains ...... A-21 Figure A-13. Ridges between Caribou Creek and Saleha River valley ...... A-23 Figure A-14. Ridge above headwaters of Yukon Fork South Fork Birch Creek ...... A-26 Figure A-15. Puzzle Gulch site within the South Fork Birch Creek study area ...... A-26 Figure A-16. Survey routes and basecamp at the headwaters of Caribou Creek...... A-27 Figure A-17. Survey routes at the headwaters of Yukon Fork South Fork Birch Creek ...... A-27 Figure A-18. Survey routes in the Puzzle Gulch area...... A-28 Figure A-19. Big Windy Hot Springs ...... A-30 Figure A-20. Boundary of Big Windy Hot Springs Research Natural Area and the smaller survey area .... A-30 Figure A-21. Headwaters of Champion Creek near summit of Mount Prindle ...... A-33 Figure A-22. Mount Prindle and vicinity ...... A-33

iii INTRODUCTION Purpose threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) strives for the Service (USFWS), including sensitive species being maintenance of natural biodiversity and recognizes its tracked by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program legal responsibility to prevent rare plant and animal (AKNHP). Sound management decisions can only be species from being threatened or endangered with made when the abundance, specific locations, extinction. To accomplish this, it is essential to inventory distribution, and habitat preferences are known for any and document the vascular flora and plant communities of sensitive taxa found in the area. It is also necessary to all lands under BLM management. Alaska's flora is still know the statewide, national, and global distribution of poorly known and this is especially true for the more rare tax.a, and each local survey contributes to that remote regions of the state that are seldom, if ever, visited knowledge. The purpose of the series of surveys reported by botanists. It is especially important to support here was to improve our knowledge of the vascular flora inventories in these areas and to record the occurrence of of the White Mountains and Steese areas, concentrating tax.a that are currently, or potentially could be, listed as on rare species.

FIGURE 1. Map of survey sites (yellow circles) in the White Mountains National Recreation Area and Steese National Conservation Area

Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 1 Landscape and Public Use and circumpolar regions. Scamman's collections from The Yukon-Tanana (Y-T) Uplands, the dominant Eagle Summit helped confirm floristic connections physiographic feature in east-central Alaska, includes linking interior Alaska and northeastern Asia. In addition, both the White Mountains National Recreation Area two previously unknown species that were first collected (WMNRA) and the Steese National Conservation Area by her at Eagle Summit were named in her honor by (SNCA) (Fig. 1). The landscape is characterized by Hulten: Claytonia scammaniana (Scamman's Spring rounded to rugged contiguous alpine ridges and domes Beauty) and Oxytropis scammaniana (Scamman's dissected by well-developed streams draining to the Oxytrope) (Hulten 1939, 1946). Her collections are held Tanana and Yukon rivers. Most of the BLM-managed area at the Gray Herbarium (GH), Harvard University, where within the Yukon-Tanana Uplands is remote. Limited she was a research associate, and several duplicate access is available from along several unimproved roads specimens are at the University of Alaska Museum and established trails originating from the Steese and Herbarium, Fairbanks (ALA). Elliott highways, by small water craft along Beaver and OlafGjrerevoll's published inventory of the Lime Birch creeks, and by small plane at a few scattered bush Peak and Fossil Creek area during the summers of 1953 strips. Winter access is greatly facilitated by skiing, dog and 1959 remains a classic of early Alaskan botanical sledding and snowmachining, and through a network of literature and the most thorough survey from this region BLM-maintained winter trails and public use cabins. (Gjrerevoll 1958, 1963 and 1967). He was accompanied Activities within the managed areas include mining, during portions of his trip by lichenologist Hildur Krog hunting, fishing, trapping, hiking, snowmachining, skiing, and bryologist Herman Persson. Their respective river floating and camping. collections have also been published (Krog 1962, Persson and Gjrerevoll 1957). Olaf Gjrerevoll worked closely with Geology and Glacial History noted northern botanists Erling Porsild and Eric Hulten while processing his Alaska material, and this The ancient Yukon-Tanana terrane underlies most of collaboration resulted in a significant contribution to our the region. Bedrock consists primarily of a variety of knowledge of the flora of the area. His trip was sponsored highly metamorphosed schists, quartzites, and gneisses by the Arctic Institute of North America and the with scattered intrusions of younger granitic rocks (Foster Norwegian Council for Science and Humanities, and his et al. 1994). The north and northwest margin of the collections are held at Trondheim, Norway (TRH). surveyed region is underlain by a highly faulted zone that The Eagle Summit area, accessible by the Steese includes fragments of the Wickersham, White Mountains, Highway, was the focus of several ecological studies Livengood, and Crazy Mountains terranes. Bedrock here under the International Biological Programme-U.S. is diverse and includes massive limestones, basalts, Tundra Biome Study program in the 1970's. Several small marbles, sedimentary rocks, and serpentine (Dover 1994). plant collections were made by various researchers at this The entire region remained unglaciated during the time and many are at ALA. This area is in the heart of the Quaternary period with the exception of a few small Y-T Uplands; however, it lies within a narrow highway centers of alpine glaciation at the highest elevations corridor that is managed by the state of Alaska and is (Pewe et al. 1967, Weber, pers. comm.). surrounded by BLM-managed land. A list of species from three of the Tundra Biome study sites within Alaska, History of Botanical Surveys including Eagle Summit, has been published (Murray and The earliest significant collections from the Yukon­ Murray 1978). Hamet-Ahti (1971) submitted a plant list Tanana Uplands are those of Edith Scam man, who spent a that included collections from Eagle and Twelvemile portion of several summers from 1937 to 1954 in the summits. These are held at the University of Helsinki vicinity of Eagle Summit (Scamman 1940, Hulten 1940). Herbarium, Finland (H). She shared her specimens with noted botanists Eric Studies investigating selected Research Natural Areas Hulten, Merritt Fernald, Nicholas Polunin, and Stanley (RNA) in the Y-T Uplands resulted in small collections Welsh, each of whom had an active interest in northern from four sites (Juday 1985, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1998).

2 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA These efforts were supported jointly by the BLM, the U.S. lucida, Hieracium triste, Veronica wormskjoldii, and Viola Forest Service, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. renifolia var. brainerdii. Collections documenting these reports are held at ALA. The Y-T Uplands are also rich in Beringian endemics, species whose entire distribution is restricted within the Vegetation large contiguous landmass known as Beringia, which remained unglaciated during the Quaternary glacial Boreal forest (taiga) and upland tundra are the periods. Beringia included most of interior and northern dominant vegetation types in all of interior Alaska, Alaska, Yukon Territory, Canada, eastern Asia (Russian including the Y-T Uplands (Viereck et al. 1992). In the Far East), and the exposed continental shelf (the Bering alpine areas, dry, broad ridge tops are dominated by dryas Land Bridge) which connected them. Many of these taxa dwarf scrub and ericaceous dwarf scrub tundra vegetation. are even more narrowly restricted to East Beringia, and Mesic to moist saddles, slopes, and snow-melt meadows are found only in the eastern, North American portion of support mesic graminoid herbaceous and open, low scrub this unglaciated refugium. Offloristic significance are the vegetation. Rock-dominated sites support alpine herbs. long periods of biological isolation within a restricted Although this survey focused on upland tundra, many area, the potential for immigration across the exposed visits were made to treeline and subalpine habitats where land bridge, and the rapid changes in climate and they intergrade with the alpine. White spruce is the tree vegetation that repeatedly occurred between glacial species most common on the upper slopes, but a well­ epochs during the Quaternary period. It has been defined treeline does not exist in this region. Stringers or suggested that Beringian endemics may have originated scattered clumps of white spruce trees often follow south­ (speciated) in Beringia during this period under these facing drainages and slopes up to 1070 m (3500 ft) conditions, or that their ranges, once much broader, were elevation, where they exist adjacent to and within the reduced and confined to this area during the last full alpine vegetation. Conversely, at elevations well below glacial and did not expand afterward (Hulten 1937, treeline, slopes dominated by large rock outcrops and Murray 1981). Those species displaying a predominantly scree often support alpine vegetation, or at least many Asian distribution are believed to have reached Alaska alpine taxa. A few dwarf white spruce, less than a meter across the exposed land bridge and persisted here without tall, are consistently found on all but the highest and most expanding their range southeastward within North barren ridges. North-facing slopes, however, often are America. Only a few predominantly North American taxa essentially treeless, supporting only closed or open tall (e.g. Smelowskia) seem to have migrated westward into shrub into the lower subalpine zone. Aspect, moisture, Asia. Regardless, the current distributions of these and soil development appear to exert significant control endemic species seem tied to the Quaternary history of over the vegetation throughout the broad elevation range interior Alaska and may offer clues to the climate and of 610-1070 m (2000-3500 ft) that may support either vegetation of that period. Several of these endemic boreal forest or upland tundra. species are considered sensitive by AKNHP.

Floris tics Objectives The Y-T Uplands are situated midway between the The primary objectives of this survey were: Arctic Slope and Brooks Range, and the Alaska Range, and therefore support a flora enriched by both North 1. to document the occurrence, habitat, and abundance American alpine and circumpolar arctic taxa. Species of rare plants in the White Mountains National Recre­ ation Area and Steese National Conservation Area having a predominantly arctic distribution, but reaching focusing on species that are listed as a species of c~n­ their southern range limit in the uplands include cern by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or ranked as Chrysanthemum integrifolium, Oxytropis arctica, critically imperiled to rare in Alaska (S l-S3) by the Trisetum sibiricum ssp. litorale, Pedicu/aris albolabiata AKNHP. and Novosieversia glacialis. Conversely, taxa reaching 2. to conduct a relatively complete inventory of the their northernmost distribution here include Angelica alpine flora at several sites selected as potentially sup­ porting uncommon and sensitive species within the

Botanical Survey of the White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 3 White Mountains National Recreation Area and the S 1: critically imperiled in the state because of extreme Steese National Conservation Area. rarity or because of some factor making it especially 3. to process and maintain a permanent voucher collec­ vulnerable to extirpation from the state. tion of this flora to be held at the University of Alaska S2: imperiled in the state because of rarity or because Museum Herbarium (ALA), Fairbanks. of some factor making it very vulnerable to extirpation 4. to create and maintain a database of the collection from the state. information that is available to BLM through the S3: rare to uncommon in the state. Northern Plant Documentation Center (at ALA). S4: apparently secure in the state, with many occur­ 5. to provide detailed information concerning species rences. tracked by AKNHP for inclusion into their database. S5: demonstrably secure in the state, but not yet veri­ fied. Additional activities carried out during this inventory by individual participants (but not reported here) included The global rankings assigned by AKNHP are defined observations on wildlife movements and behavior, small similarly, but reflect the taxon's status throughout its mammal and insect survey collections, archaeological entire range (Appendix D). inventories, forest growth studies, and the collection of When sensitive taxa were found in the field, voucher cryptogams. collections were taken and the habitat, including associated species, was described. Care was taken not to Methods endanger populations having only a few individuals by Sites were selected because they were known or removing only enough material to document an potential localities for sensitive plant species, or because occurrence. they were remote and therefore lacked any previous At two sites, Lime Peak and Mount Schwatka, the botanical investigation (Fig. I). Areas easily reached by attempt was made to make a complete collection of all the Steese Highway, such as Eagle and Twelvemile alpine plant species. At the remaining sites, collecting was summits, were not included as they have been frequently more selective, and the most common and easily visited by botanists and the land adjacent to the highway identified taxa were simply noted as observations. is not under BLM management. Most sites were visited Vegetation cover is described whenever possible using the for 2 to 4 days with at least 2 to 4 workers recording the classification system published by Viereck et al. (1992). vegetation and making plant collections. At each site the Vegetation boundaries are rarely discreet and the effort was made to visit all habitats available at that site standardized categories suggested by Viereck et al. are with special attention to those habitats suspected to broad. Additional descriptive comments on the vegetation support sensitive plants. All plant species observed were are therefore often included. listed, the vegetation was described, and representative Nomenclature follows used at the University of herbarium collections were made. Alaska Museum Herbarium (ALA). Synonyms are For purposes of this inventory, taxa are considered included in both this report and the accompanying list sensitive if they are ranked as critically imperiled (SI), when the scientific names differ from those published in imperiled (S2), or rare (S3) at the state level by AKNHP Hulten (1968), the most frequently used reference for our (This is not equivalent to the BLM-Alaska sensitive region (Appendix B). Common names for plants are not species list). These categories have been assigned based standardized, and the names used here are gathered from on species range, abundance, number of occurrences, diverse sources. degree of threat, and the level of protection offered to rare All plant collections were processed and filed at the taxa under existing land management policy. They are University of Alaska Museum Herbarium using standard reviewed periodically by AKNHP as botanists working in herbarium procedures. Collection label information is the field throughout Alaska document new localities and databased in 4th Dimension, Version 3.5. provide additional information. The categories are defined Documenting field inventories with permanent as follows (from Lipkin and Parker 1995): herbarium collections is critical in light of the remoteness of some areas and the difficulty and expense of revisiting

4 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA them. The specimen remains as a physical record of the occurrence of a taxon in an area and supports any lists, maps, or other references published concerning that occurrence. Curated specimens can easily be reviewed, and if necessary, taxonomic revisions made. Collections are also a source of seeds, pollen, and plant tissue for molecular and biochemical analysis. Collection information, such as location, date, and habitat, is readily available in computer databases to all agencies involved in resource management.

Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 5 RESULTS Sensitive Vascular Plant Species of the SPECIES DOCUMENTED IN THIS Area SURVEY The following plant species were considered critically Draba densjfoUa Nutt. imperiled, imperiled, or rare (S 1, S2, S3 respectively) in (Brassicaceae, Mustard Family) 1996 at the state level by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program (AKNHP). They are now documented, or have been reported from, BLM-managed land in the Y-T Uplands. Global rankings (G 1, G2, etc.) are included here for comparison. Collections of these taxa made during this survey document most of these records and are held at the University of Alaska Museum Herbarium (ALA). Collection information is electronically databased with the Northern Plant Documentation Center at ALA. Complete locality, habitat, and abundance information has been databased as Element Occurrence Records (EOR) with AKNHP. Comments on the appearance of each of FIGURE 2. Draba densifolia cushion (approximately 8 cm in these taxa at the sites where it was noted can be found in diameter) showing brilliant yellow blossoms in June. It is a much less conspicuous cushion plant when not flowering. Photo by J. the site descriptions (Appendix A). Additional taxa Herriges. discussed below have been cited in the literature (Williams and Lipkin 1991 ), but were not collected during Western North American taxon ranked Sl (GS). This our survey. Nomenclature follows that currently used at bright yellow-blossomed cushion plant was observed in ALA, and synonyms are given where names differ from scattered to frequent abundance on fellfields and ridge those published in Hulten (1968). tops at Lime Peak (Parker et al. 4719, 4768, 4858) and Since the completion of this survey in 1996, AKNHP Mount Prindle (Batten et al. 94-109). Gjrerevoll (1963) has made the following changes in rankings (based on reported it being abundant at both Lime Peak, and at new data on species abundance, including the new Mount Harper, which is located in the southeastern localities reported here): portion of the uplands. These are the only known •Douglasia gormanii Constance ranked S3, localities within the uplands for this taxon. A specimen previously S2S3 from Hom Mountain, eastern Alaska Range, is the sole •Festuca lenensis Drobov ranked S3, additional collection at ALA from Alaska. previously S2S3 D. densifolia is very similar in appearance to D. ·Cystopteris montana (Lam.) Bemh. ranked S4, stenopetala. Earlier references to the occurrence of D. previously S3 densifolia in the central Alaska Range and at Unalakleet (Porsild 1939, Hulten 1941-1950) have not been supported by more recent collecting, and the redetermination ofherbarium specimens (Porsild 1966, ALA) found them to be D. stenopetala in most cases. Considerable confusion exists concerning the distinction between D. densifolia and the closely related D. paysonii, which has also been reported from the Y-T Uplands (Williams and Lipkin 1981, Juday 1988, but see Hulten 1973). A review of Alaskan specimens held at ALA, including those labeled D. paysonii and cited in the above references, suggests all Y-T Uplands specimens should be

6 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA considered as D. densifolia under the taxonomic such as Elytrigia spicata, Minuartia yukonensis, and treatments ofHitchcock (1941), Mulligan (1971, 1976), Bupleurum triradiatum. The relationship between this and Rollins (1993). Likewise, one specimen at ALA from taxon and P richardsonii ( = P sibirica ssp. richardsonii) Whatcom Co., Washington labeled D. densifolia fits is unclear. The treatments offered by Hulten (1968) and clearly into D. paysonii under these same treatments. Porsild (1975) differ from each other and use Characters that help separate these two taxa are as morphological characters that are not easily distinguished follows: on herbarium specimens. Porsild (1975) also emphasizes D. densifolia: numerous long, conspicuous, simple ecological and geographical distinctions. Our collection cilia on leaf margins; simple to rarely branched hairs on from Yukon Fork appears to be identical to other ALA stems and pedicels; sepals with simple hairs; upper leaf collections from similar habitats along the central Yukon surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple or and Porcupine river valleys, as well as to specimens of P few-branched hairs. hoodii from the central Rocky Mountains at the National D. payonsii: leaf margin cilia sometimes forked and Herbarium of Canada, Ottawa (CAN) reviewed by C. not overly conspicuous in overall foliage; branched to Parker. Characteristics considered here as diagnostic for stellate hairs on stems and pedicels; sepals with branched P hoodii include white flowers and needle-shaped leaves hairs; upper leaf surfaces usually with simple or branched that turn white on drying and have a groove on the upper hairs. Limited variation in leaf pubescence exists among surface as well as a distinct, white awn at the tip. the few specimens of D. densifolia examined at ALA; material from throughout the combined range of both D. densifolia and D. paysonii should be reviewed to Minuartia biflora (L.) Schinz & Thell determine if they are conspecific, or represent two distinct (Caryophyllaceae, Pink Family) taxa. Northern circumpolar distribution ranked S2 (GS). Plants were collected from moist, open, alpine microsites at Mount Prindle (Batten et al. 94-106) and South Fork Phlox hoodii Richardson Birch Creek (Parker et al. 64 72). Another Y-T Uplands (Polemoniaceae, Phlox Family) specimen held at ALA was collected at the head of Sourdough Creek near Mount Prindle (Halliday A329/ 75). Additional Alaska collections at ALA are from the eastern Brooks Range, Alaska Range, Chugach Mountains, and southeastern Alaska. It is likely this tiny plant is often overlooked and its abundance and distribution underestimated.

FIGURE 3. Phlox hoodii grows as a small cushion plant in open, dry, rocky habitats. The white flowers and silvery-white foliage are distinctive. Photo by A. Batten.

North American species ranked SlS2 (GS). This species was collected on a large, south-facing marble outcrop below treeline in the Yukon Fork Birch Creek headwaters (Parker et al. 6505A). It was abundant at this site, where it was growing with subarctic steppe species

Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 7 among all northern Poas. Recent collections at ALA have Poa porsildii Gjcerevoll documented additional Alaska localities in the Ogilvie (Poaceae, Grass Family) Mountains (Cook et al. 1993, Parker 1997), and Eagle P vaseyochloa Scribner sensu Hulten Summit (Parker and Batten 6962), and there are many known localities in central Yukon, Canada (Cody 1994, ALA). The combined findings of this survey, and these additional records, have resulted in the change in rank from S 1 to S2 assigned by the AKNHP. This very narrowly restricted East Beringian endemic seems to be at its western distribution boundary in the Y-T Uplands, however it is well-established here.

Ranunculus glacialis L. var. camissonis (Schlechter) L.D. Benson (Ranunculaceae, Buttercup Family) = R. glacialis L. ssp. camissonis (Schlechter) Hulten

FIGURE 4. The distribution of Poa porsildii in Alaska and Yukon, Canada. Squares indicate citations from Cody (1996). Triangles FIGURE 5. Ranunculus glacialis var. indicate existing ALA collections from Alaska prior to this survey. chamissonis is found in moist to wet, Stars show new records documented during this study. open herbaceous alpine tundra. The pink to red petals are unique among Alaskan 'buttercups' which are East Beringian endemic ranked S2 (G3). Prior to this otherwise white or yellow. Photo by C. Parker. survey the occurrence of Poa porsildii in Alaska was known only through literature citations from Lime Peak (Gjrerevoll 1956, 1958), Eagle Summit (Hamet-Ahti 1971 ), and Mastodon Dome (Hulten 1967). It was previously ranked S 1 by the AKNHP. A uniquely dioecious Poa, it was collected in the White Mountains (Parker and Herriges 5634) and at each of the three South Beringian endemic ranked S2 (G4T3T4). This rare Fork Birch Creek localities (Parker et al. 6378, 6436, species is documented by only a few, widely scattered 6454, 6493, 6562). It was searched for at all sites we collections from western Alaska and the Mount Prindle visited and when found, was consistently growing in area in the Y-T Uplands. Our collections are from Lime moist to mesic herbaceous-heath or tussock tundra, often Peak (Parker et al. 5497) and Mount Prindle (Batten et al. associated with gelifluction lobe fronts or snow melt 94-112). Plants were growing in moist to wet herbaceous areas. It appeared to be rare in the White Mountains, sites and only a few individuals were observed at both where only a single clump was found; however in the localities. South Fork Birch Creek area flowering plants were abundant whenever the species was encountered and some patches were extensive (more than 0.4 ha [lacre]). Trisetum sibiricum Rupr. ssp. litorale (Rupr.) P porsildii was first described by Gjrerevoll ( 1956, Rosch. 1958) based on his Lime Peak collections as well as (Poaceae, Grass Family) specimens he reviewed from northern Yukon, Canada. It Circumpolar arctic distribution ranked S2 (G5T4Q). may be closely related to P vaseyochloa Scribn. of the Our specimen was collected from a disturbed, moist site Pacific Northwest but is not synonymous with it as within shrub heath along a small drainage below Mount implied by Hulten (Porsild 1975, Hulten 1967, 1968). Schwatka (Parker et al. 5079). This species was also Droopy panicle branches, lack of floret pubescence, and a collected by Gjrerevoll (1958) on a damp gelifluction dioecious habit make this early flowering grass distinctive hillside in the White Mountains. Additional scattered

8 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA localities known are in southeastern interior Alaska and Draba ruaxes Payson&. H. St. John on the arctic coast at Ogotoruk Creek and Kongatuk River (Brassicaceae, Mustard Family) (ALA). It is reported to be common and widespread in the = D. exalata Ekman sensu Hulten, D. ventosa A. Gray Russian Arctic (Tolmachev and Packer 1995). var. ruaxes (Payson & H. St. John) Hitchc.

Douglasia arctka Hook. (Primulaceae, Primrose Family)

FIGURE 6. Douglasia arctica is a small cushion plant with deep pink flowers. It is typically found in open, rocky habitats. Photo by C. Parker.

FIGURE 7. Draba ruaxes is found in alpine screes throughout its range. Photo by C. Parker. Northern East Beringian endemic ranked S2S3 (G3). Collected during our survey at Mount Schwatka (Parker et al. 4894, 4995, 5018), White Mountains(Parker and Herriges 5620), and Victoria Mountain ridge (Murray 12068). Growing on fellfield and screes on both calcareous and acidic rock. Individual cushions are usually widely scattered. Additional upland collections are reported from the White Mountains by Gjrerevoll (1967) and held at ALA from Eagle Summit, Fossil Creek, and Kathul Mountain. Also known from the Ogilvie Mountains and Mackenzie Delta, Canada (Cody 1994). This species grows in open, rocky habitats from low elevations to the alpine.

FIGURE 8. The distribution of Draba ruaxes in Alaska and Yukon, Douglasia gormanii Constance Canada. Squares indicate citations from Cody (1996). Triangles indicate existing ALA collections from Alaska prior to this survey. (Primulaceae, Primrose Family) Star shows the northernmost known location for the species, a Southern East Beringian endemic ranked S2S3 (G3). new record documented during this study. A single collection was made in the West Crazy Mountains (Batten et al. 94-224, 94-233) where it was Northwestern North American taxon ranked S2S3 growing on screes and exposed ridges. Additional Y-T (G3). Collected at White Mountains on limestone rubble Uplands collections at ALA are from the Elliott Highway where it was very scarce (Parker and Herriges 5689, and Eagle Creek. The taxon is more common in the 5692). This species is known from the Alaska Range and eastern Alaska Range and western Yukon, Canada, and is the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains, where it grows on usually found growing in low rocky alpine tundra and unstable alpine screes. Our White Mountains collection screes. documents a northward range extension, and the first record for this taxon in the Y-T Uplands. The taxonomic relationship between this species, D. ventosa of western North America, and D. exalata Ekman of the Seward Peninsula (Porsild 1939) has been reviewed (Mulligan

Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 9 1971, Hulten 1973) and their taxonomic treatment Oxytropis huddelsonii A. Pors. supports the determination of our collection as D. ruaxes. (Fabaceae, Pea Family) Additional recent collections from the Alaska Range and Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains have resulted in a rank change from S2 to S2S3.

Festuca lenensis Drobov (Poaceae, Grass Family)

FIGURE 9. Festuca lenensis with tufts of linear, glaucous-green leaves, visible here along the base of the picture. Photo by C. Parker.

FIGURE 10. Oxytropis huddelsoniiwith diagnostic fruits visible. Photo by C. Parker

East Beringian endemic ranked S2S3 (03). Our specimen was collected on a rock outcrop along a ridge top at treeline above Yukon Fork Birch Creek headwaters (Parker et al. 6511 ). A few scattered individuals were found at this single locality. This species is closely related Beringian endemic ranked S2S3 (G4). Our collections to 0. bryophila, which is common in the uplands. were found on limestone outcrops and screes at Mt. However, Welsh (1967) argues that the two species are Schwatka (Parker et al. 4916, 4945) and on a disturbed distinct based primarily on fruit characters. Legumes of sheep station on limestone at Victoria Mountain ridge 0. huddelsonii are 1-loculed and usually glabrous to (Parker et al. 5698, Murray 12062). This taxon has only sparsely strigose, in contrast to those of 0. bryophila recently been recognized as occurring in North America which are 2-loculed and more pubescent. Additional ALA and has been previously reported as F. ovina ssp. alaskana collections are from the Alaska Range, eastern Yukon­ (Holmen 1964) and F auriculata (Frederiksen 1983). A Tanana Uplands, Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains, Tetlin summary review of Canadian Fescue has been offered by Mountains, Chugach Range, and several Yukon, Canada Aiken and Darbyshire (1990), which includes these names localities. The occurrences cited for the Y-T Uplands in as synonyms of F lenensis. The combined characters of Williams and Lipkin (1991) could not be traced. large anthers(> 2 mm), a few to many scabrous leaves, and stiff glaucus linear foliage are distinctive for this Campanula aurita E. Greene species. It is known from dry, rocky and subarctic steppe (Campanulaceae, Harebell Family) habitats throughout Beringia. Additional Alaska East Beringian endemic ranked S3 (G3G4). Our specimens at ALA are from Kathul Mountain. Ogilvie specimens were collected at Mt. Schwatka (Parker et al. Mountains, Porcupine River, Wood River Buttes, central 4912) and the East Crazy Mountains (Batten et al. 95- Arctic Foothills, and Nulato Hills. Future surveys and 293) on calcareous rock outcrops and screes. Additional careful redetermination of existing herbarium collections ALA collections were from the Y-T Uplands, central may show this taxon to be more abundant and widespread Brooks Range, and mountains of Yukon and western in Alaska's flora. Northwest Territories, Canada. Where found here, C. aurita was commonly associated with open calcareous sites, and individual plants were widely scattered.

10 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA Cystopteris montana (Lam.) Bernh. (Aspleniaceae, Shield Fern Family) Northern circumpolar taxon ranked S3 (05). This delicate fern was collected in moist, herbaceous sites in the White Mountains (Parker and Herriges 5693) and at South Fork Birch Creek (Parker et al. 6515). It has also been reported by Ojrerevoll (1958) from a moist calcareous treeline site in the White Mountains. Additional ALA collections are from Eagle Summit, as well as from several scattered sites in interior, south­ central, and southeastern Alaska.

Minuartia yukonensis Hulten (Caryophyllaceae, Pink Family) East Beringian endemic ranked S3 (0304). This plant FIGURE 12. The distribution of Mantia bostockii in Alaska and Yukon, Canada. Squares indicate citations from Cody (1996) and was collected in the Yukon Fork Birch Creek headwaters Hulten (1968). Triangles indicate existing ALA collections from Alaska prior to this survey. Stars show new records documented on a large, south-facing marble outcrop just below tree during this survey. Although within range for the species, they line (Parker et al. 6503). It was growing with other represent a significant find for this taxon. subarctic steppe taxa such as Elytrigia spicata, Potentilla records for the central Y-T Uplands. M bostockii was hookeriana, and Bupleurum triradiatum. Additional ALA consistently found shallowly rooted in wet to moist mossy collections from Alaska are from similar dry, alpine or depressions within tussock or heath tundra on ridge steppe sites in the Y-T Uplands, Brooks Range, and topsand upper slopes. Most populations consisted of IO to Alaska Range. Hulten (1973) notes that the species is not 70 plants, but one site supported approximately 300 known from the Russian Far East as an earlier map has individuals. Found in the same habitat as Claytonia indicated (Hulten 1968). tuberosa but rarely co-existing with it. Several widely scattered populations were noted in the area and the taxon Montia bostockii (A. Pors.) Welsh seemed well established. M bostockii is doubtfully (Portulacaceae, Purslane Family) distinct from M vassilievii (Kuzen.) 0. Nilss. of the Claytonia bostockii A. Pors. Russian Far East (Mcneill and Findlay 1971, Hulten 1973, but see Nilsson 1971) and from recent specimens from Wrangel Island (see Hutten 1973). Additional ALA collections are from the central Brooks Range (single FIGURE 11. Montia bostockii. Photo by M. locality at Toolik Lake), in the vicinity of Boundary in Tachibana. eastern Y-T Uplands, Tetlin Mountains, and Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains of Alaska and Yukon. The numerous records from southeastern interior Alaska have resulted in the recent rank change from S2S3 to S3.

Phalaris arundinacea L. (Poaceae, Grass Family) East Beringian endemic ranked S3 (03). This species was A cosmopolitan taxon which is rare in Alaska found at each of the three South Fork Birch Creek however, and ranked S3 (05). This grass was collected at localities we visited and collected from two of them Big Windy Hot Springs, where it was the dominant (Parker et al. 6404, 6433, 6501). These are the first species in a small seepage meadow associated with both

Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 11 hot and cool springs (Parker et al. 6612). Additional ALA Carex eburnea Boott specimens are from Kanuti Hot Springs and widely (Cyperaceae, Sedge Family) scattered localities in south-central and southeastern North American boreal taxon ranked S2S3 (G5). A Alaska. The species was also subsequently observed at specimen was collected at Serpentine Slide by G Juday To\ovana Hot Springs in the western Y-T Uplands (Parker, (Juday s.n.; Juday 1992). Additional upland collections at pers. comm.). ALA are from a limestone ridge near Globe Creek, Elliott Highway, and limestone scree at Takoma Bluff on the Yukon River. This sedge is uncommon in Alaska and SPECIES REPORTED IN THE Yukon, but more common southward (Williams and LITERATURE Lipkin 1991 ). The species is generally reported from dry, open, calcareous habitats. Not collected during our survey The following taxa are cited in the literature as but should be watched for in the area. occurring in the Y-T Uplands, but were not observed during this survey. Some may be exceedingly rare and should be watched for in future surveys. Others have Juncus tenuis Wittd. undergone taxonomic review and can no longer be (Juncaceae, Rush Family) considered valid taxa. A few were cited, or identified Cosmopolitan distribution ranked S2S3 (G5). This incorrectly, and their occurrence in the Y-T Uplands is species was collected by Gjrerevoll ( 1958) from Beaver doubtful. Creek in the White Mountains. Gjrerevoll described his material as atypical and questioned his own determination. The species is known from southeastern Draba paysonii J.F. McBr. Alaska growing in moist, open, low-elevation sites, and in (Brassicaceae, Mustard Family) light of Gjrerevoll's record, should be watched for in Ranked S 1S2 and cited in Williams and Lipkin similar habitats in the Y-T Uplands. (1991). See discussion above under D. densifolia. Draba paysonii shows a Cordilleran distribution and could possibly be in Alaska, although its occurrence has yet to Saxifraga adscendens L. ssp. oregonensis be confirmed. (Raf.) Bacigalupi (Saxifragaceae, Saxifrage Family) North American distribution ranked S2S3 (G5T4T5). Phlox richardsonii Hook. This species was reported from Eagle Summit by (Potemoniaceae, Phlox Family) Scamman (1940). Her collection, assumed to be at the P sibirica L. ssp. richardsonii (Hook.) Hulten Harvard University Herbaria (GH), has not been verified. East Beringian endemic ranked S2 (G4T2T3Q). Collections at ALA are from the Ogilvie Mountains, Williams and Lipkin (1991) list this taxon ( as P sibirica Alaska Range, and areas southward within Alaska. It ssp. richardsonii) from the White Mountains based on should be watched for in the Y-T Uplands in future collections published by Gjrerevoll (1967). He described surveys. it as being common on alpine limestone. A review of his specimen might confirm its occurrence here, however Gjrerevoll's description of his material, the habitat, and Draba stenopetala Trautv. associated species, could also apply to P alaskensis (= P (Brassicaceae, Mustard Family) sibirica ssp. sibirica), which was found scattered in the Beringian endemic ranked S3 (G3). Williams and area during our survey. P richardsonii should be watched Lipkin ( 1991) list this species as reported from Lime Peak for in future surveys. but a search through their citations could not confirm the record. It was not collected by Gjrerevoll (1963) and the locality dots for the Y-T Uplands in Hulten ( 1968) may represent localities for D. densifolia, which Hulten

12 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA considered synonymous with D. stenapetala at the time represent new localities and expanded ranges for these (see Hutten 1941-1953). It could certainly occur in the species. As a result of this survey, a significant Y-T Uplands and should be watched for. contribution has been made to our knowledge concerning the distribution and abundance of Paa parsildii, Festuca lenensis, Draba ruaxes, Trisetum sibiricum ssp. litarale Carex f ranklinii Boott and Mantia bastackii. The AKNHP rankings of Paa (Cyperaceae, Sedge Family) parsildii and Mantia bastackii have been changed from This taxon has been subsumed into C petricosa SI to S2 and from S2S3 to S3, respectively, reflecting the Dewey (Ball and Zo !adz 1994) and is no longer tracked new information made available from this, and similar, by AKHNP. It is cited in Williams and Lipkin ( 1991) intensive floristic surveys within Alaska. based on collections made by Gjrerevoll ( 1958) and Six taxa are recorded as new to the Y-T Uplands flora: identified by him as C franklinii. Erigeron grandiflarus, Draba ruaxes, Carex marina, Saxifraga caespitosa, Arabis hirsuta ssp. pycnacarpa, and Saxifraga nelsoniana D. Don ssp. porsildiana Thelypteris phegopteris. Minor to moderate range (Calder & Savile) Hulten extensions within the Y-T Uplands and interior Alaska are (Saxifragaceae, Saxifrage Family) documented for 9 additional taxa. = S. punctata L. ssp. parsildiana Calder & Saville Beringian endemics, having a distribution ranging Ranked S2 (G5T3T4). This North American taxon from the Mackenzie River in Canada to the Lena River in has been subsumed into S. nelsaniana D. Don ssp. Russia, make up 20% of this documented flora and pacifica Hulten in an unpublished treatment to be approximately one third of these, in tum, are East submitted to Flora of North America Project (P. Elvander, Beringian endemics, restricted in distribution to interior pers. comm.). It was cited in Williams and Lipkin (1991) Alaska and Yukon, Canada. This high rate of endemism in based on a collection from Cache Mountain published by the Y-T Uplands flora is thought to reflect a Quaternary Gjrerevoll ( 1963 ). history of repeated, and alternating, immigration opportunities from northeastern Asia and from continental North America, followed by isolation from those source Summary areas (the 'revolving door' effect). The abundance of A total of990 specimens, documenting 382 taxa, endemics in this upland flora suggests the area is a were collected during our 3-season survey of selected potential natural laboratory for studies investigating sites on BLM-managed land in the Yukon-Tanana biological processes relating to isolation and climatic Uplands. These collections are permanently curated, and change. specimen label data electronically databased, at the New records for species distribution and abundance, University of Alaska Museum Herbarium (ALA). This which can be expected when remote sites are surveyed in database will be continuously updated as new collections Alaska, indicate the degree to which the flora is still are acquired for the region. A copy of the electronic poorly known, especially from in more remote portions of database is archived at BLM-Northern Field Office, the state. These combined findings, and the resulting Fairbanks. Access to both the collections, and the changes in rankings ofrarity, underscore the need to electronic information associated with them, is available support additional intensive floristic inventories to federal and state agencies. throughout Alaska. Localities for sixteen tax.a ranked as rare (S3) to critically imperiled (S 1) by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program (AKNHP) were found and documented. Information concerning these localities, species abundance, and habitat was recorded and this information is presented in this report and has been incorporated into the AKNHP database. Most of these occurrences

Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 13 IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT Protection of Sensitive Species from Mt. Harper (southeastern Y-T Uplands) and the This botanical inventory has contributed significantly eastern Alaska Range, both outside ofBLM-managed to the knowledge of the distribution and abundance of lands. Although small and inconspicuous when not sensitive vascular plants on BLM-managed land in the flowering, this species should be watched for by all field Yukon-Tanana Uplands and thereby our ability to make workers in rocky, alpine ridges and slopes. Potential informed management decisions. No tax.a listed as threats would include extensive open-pit mining or public threatened, endangered, or a species of concern by U.S. road construction that would facilitate access and Fish and Wildlife Service were found; hence, no increased visitation to these specific areas at the scale now immediate restrictions on land use activities are thought to observed at Eagle Summit on the Steese Highway. This be necessary in the near future to protect any plant species level of concern could be lowered if additional and avoid listing as threatened or endangered. However, populations of Draba densifolia are found in the region. sixteen tax.a listed as critically imperiled to rare by the The current low level of visitation in the vicinity of Lime Alaska Natural Heritage Program (AKNHP) were located. Peak and Mt. Prindle is not believed to be threatening to The known range for several of these tax.a is now the species at either site. expanded as a result of this inventory, thereby decreasing Poa porsildii was first found during this survey in the concern about their continued viability. However, the VABM Fossil vicinity of the White Mountains, and rarity of these sixteen species still warrants special represents the first specimen of the species at ALA. It was management consideration. In addition to ensuring also collected in the South Fork Birch Creek drainage and species viability, the maintenance of individual local has been reported from the vicinity of Lime Peak, Eagle populations of these species will aid in maintaining the Summit, and Mastodon Dome. Its ranking by AKNHP overall biodiversity of the area. The information gained in was recently changed from critically imperiled (SI) to this survey will also benefit statewide conservation imperiled (S2), based partly on the results of this survey planning and land management. and on recent findings in the western Ogilvie Mountains near the Alaska-Yukon border ( Cook et al. 1993, Parker Sensitive Species and Potential Threats 1997). Our single collection from the White Mountains was We recommend that BLM managers remain aware of made early in the season so its abundance in this area is the location and habitats of these species and manage unknown, though we suspect it is not common, as our activities to maintain existing local populations. To aid in focused effort to look for the species at Lime Peak and this endeavor, an electronic database of all collection Mt. Prindle were unsuccessful. It was common and information for the vicinity of the White Mountains abundant on gelifluction lobes and moist, herbaceous National Recreation Area and the Steese National slopes in the South Fork Birch Creek drainage, however, Conservation Area has been provided to BLM. and was consistently found in these habitats. Field A discussion of several of the most sensitive species, the workers should continue to watch for this species, habitats on which they occurred, and potential threats especially in the western Y-T Uplands, where its follows: abundance and distribution remains poorly known. Its Draha densifolia is the only species known from the preferred habitat, moist to wet, herbaceous slopes, is Y-T Uplands which is currently ranked critically unlikely to be impacted by current or moderately imperiled (SI) by the AKNHP. It is common and often increased visitation levels as these habitats are not favored abundant on rocky or gravelly alpine ridge tops in the for most activities such as hiking, riding, tent sites, and vicinity of Lime Peak, and scattered to common in aircraft landing. However, heavy use by livestock in a abundance, though less extensive, in the same habitat restricted area over I or more growing seasons could near Mt. Prindle. However, it was not found at any other potentially threaten a local population, as the vegetation survey site and has not been collected from the Eagle Summit area. The only additional records for Alaska are

14 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA associated with Poa porsildii would be attractive to development that would result in the complete grazers. disturbance or destruction of a large area of alpine wet Phlox hoodii, ranked S 1S2, was found on a steep, meadow, in order to avoid the destruction of a local south-facing rock outcrop in the headwaters of the Yukon population. Fork of the South Fork of Birch Creek. The remoteness of Montia bostockii and Cystopteris montana, both this site, and the steepness of the substrate, combine to ranked S3, were found in the South Fork Birch Creek offer this population a reasonable level of protection at area. Both were consistently found in moist to wet this time. This, and similar very dry, steep, south-facing herbaceous, or heath-herbaceous alpine meadows. sites typically support a unique assemblage of subarctic Although these taxa are now known to be more steppe ( dry forb-grassland) taxa, including Campanula widespread throughout their range, all new localities aurita and Minuartia yukonensis, both ranked S3, and found within the Y-T Uplands should be documented. Festuca lenensis, ranked S2S3, all found during our survey at various sites. These habitats, and the subarctic Fire Management steppe taxa they support, are known from along the larger The rare plant species now known to occur in the river drainages of interior Alaska, but are relatively rare alpine and subalpine of the Y-T Uplands are unlikely to be on BLM-managed lands in the Y-T Uplands. They impacted adversely by normal fire cycles. All are contribute significantly to the biodiversity of this region perennials, having roots or rhizomes below ground from as they often support uncommon insect, mammal, and which they can resprout, and most grow in moist, and/or bird biotas as well. We recommend that such habitats be low vegetation classes which would not carry a fire, or at offered a level of protection, especially if these sensitive most, would burn lightly. Although our inventory species are found growing on them. included only two low elevation boreal sites (Preacher Minuartia bijlora, ranked S2, is a small and Creek steppe bluff and Big Windy Hot Springs) the boreal inconspicuous plant. It is probably often overlooked by flora as a whole is well adapted to fire cycles, and species botanists and more common in frequency than suspected. growing at springs, and on bluff habitats, are unlikely to Our survey found it at Mt. Prindle and South Fork of be impacted as well. Fire suppression is not considered Birch Creek, and it is known from several scattered necessary for the preservation of these taxa. Large fire localities throughout Alaska. It should be documented if control camps, although not likely to be established in found, but no specific management recommendations are habitats supporting rare species, should be situated in offered at this time. previously disturbed areas, where possible. The distributions within the Y-T Uplands of Ranunculus glacialis var. camissonis and Trisetum sibiricum ssp. litorale, both ranked S2, are still poorly Mining known. Our collection of R. glacialis var. camissonis near Our inventory did not include the streamside habitats Mount Prindle confirmed a previous record and the Lime where placer mining activities occur and none of the rare Peak collection represents a new locality. These are the plants we encountered in the alpine and subalpine areas only known sites for this taxon in the Y-T Uplands. At are known to typically occur in such habitats. We believe both sites only a few plants were found growing in moist it is unlikely placer mining in the Y-T Uplands region is a to wet, low-growing graminoid alpine meadows. T. threat to any populations of these taxa. sibiricum ssp. litorale, ranked S2, is only known in the Y­ Large, open pit mining on the highest alpine ridges T Uplands from our Mount Schwatka collection and from could seriously impact species such as Draba densifolia a literature record of its occurrence in the White which are restricted to these habitats. We recommend that Mountains. At both sites this taxon was growing in moist plans for any such activity be carefully reviewed to insure to wet slopes associated with gelifluction lobes or small that large portions of the lands supporting these taxa drainages. Both taxa should be considered rare at this time remain undisturbed, insuring their populations will and all new localities documented. We recommend that a persist. search be conducted for these taxa prior to any

Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 15 Roads and Recreational Access wildlife habitat, and deserve special consideration in Narrow, linear features such as roads, OHV trails, and management. These are: established hiking trails are unlikely to endanger any • Areas of concentrated Dall sheep use (such as known rare plant populations. The small campgrounds or protective rock outcroppings and salt licks) seem to be rich in plant species, including several species camping sites associated with the existing routes, or a not commonly found otherwise in the region. moderate level of new routes, should also not seriously Examples we surveyed include a salt lick on upper impact these populations. In the Lime Peak or Mt. Prindle Mascot Creek southwest of Lime Peak, the summit area, any plans to develop greatly improved limestone ridge northwest of Mt. Schwatka, and the access (public road, airstrip), large camping areas, or alpine rock outcrops on the ridges between Big similar disturbance would generate the same concerns as Windy Creek and Puzzle Gulch. Such areas should receive some level of protection not only for the discussed above for open-pit mining. Dall sheep populations which are dependent on them, but for the plant diversity they support. Future Botanical Survey Work • Steep, south-facing slopes, bluffs, and rock Although this study vastly increased our knowledge outcrops throughout interior Alaska support a treeless or open woodland, subarctic steppe of the Y-T Uplands flora, the twelve sites we visited cover community that may vary in plant species only a very small portion of the total area managed by composition from one site to another, but BLM-Northern Field Office. Logistics and resources consistently includes several taxa usually not found prohibit a thorough coverage of the area. However, the elsewhere. Examples we visited during this survey following suggestions are offered for future botanical include a bluff near Preacher Creek, lower inventory work. limestone slopes near Mt. Schwatka and VABM Fossil, and a rock outcropping at the headwaters of 1) The following localities are believed to potentially the Yukon Fork of the South Fork of Birch Creek. support populations of sensitive plant species and should These habitats are often used by brown bear, black be considered for future surveys: bear, and Dall sheep in early spring as they offer • White Mountains (vicinity ofVABM Fossil) and nutritious new plant growth. Such areas should be Mt. Prindle. Our visits to these sites were brief, yet given some level of protection both for the rare or floristically rewarding and further survey work is unusual taxa they support and as seasonally critical recommended. habitat for wildlife. • Cache Mountain and Victoria Mountain are high alpine sites within the Y-T Uplands that should be 3) The boreal forest, bogs, and other low elevation surveyed for all the taxa discussed above, especially vegetation zones were not covered in this survey. Though Draba densifolia. Cache Mountain was visited they are considered less likely to support rare taxa, a long­ briefly by the Swedish botanist Olaf Gjrerevoll in 1953; there are no known collections from Victoria term management policy for the region should include Mountain. these zones in future floristic and habitat studies. · The Pinnell Mountain Trail, which runs from Twelvemile Summit to Eagle Summit, lies mainly 4) This inventory covered the vascular flora only. The within the Steese National Conservation Area and non-vascular, or cryptogam, flora (which includes mosses, is easily accessed by the Steese Highway. Although liverworts, and lichens) make up a large and important this route is an established, improved hiking/ camping trail, and traverses some of the highest component of most plant communities in the area. These alpine ridges in the vicinity, it has not been plants play essential roles in the processes of succession, carefully visited by botanists with concerns for soil formation, and nitrogen-fixation. Lichens are an locating rare plant populations. important winter food item for caribou. Mosses often play a role in controlling slope drainage and permafrost depth. 2) Two types of habitats, though limited in area, were Although no moss, liverwort, or lichen taxa are listed as observed to support a diversity of plant species and should rare in Alaska, this is probably due to an overall ignorance be surveyed in other areas. They also serve as important of the cryptogam flora in the state. Long-term management policy should acknowledge the importance

16 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA these plants play in the Y-T Uplands ecosystems and consider including them in future inventories.

5) Resources and time are too often limiting. We recommend that, where possible, a trained botanist be included on trips which are focused on other activities, thus taking the opportunity to share logistics in the field. This is encouraged when the habitat types and localities noted above are being visited. It is critical that plant collections which can be verified are made to document occurrences, especially when rare taxa are thought to be present.

Summary This survey has documented new occurrences of several rare taxa, and the range and frequency of many of these taxa were shown to be greater than previously known. However, the ranges, abundance, and habitat preferences of much of Alaska's rare flora are still poorly known. We believe that with continued attention to, and consideration for, our rare plant flora and overall species diversity, land managers will be able to make sound decisions that can both accommodate a variety of land users and conserve our native plant heritage.

Botanical Survey of the White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 17 LITERATURE CITED

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Argus, W.G. 1973. The Genus Salix in Alaska and the Gjrerevoll, 0. 1956. Poa porsildii, a new species from Yukon. National Museums of Canada, Publications in Alaska - Yukon. Det Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selskabs Botany, No. 2. Ottawa. 279 pp. Forhandlinger 29( 16): 73-76.

Ball, P.W. and M. Zoladz. 1994. The taxonomy ofCarex Gjrerevoll, 0. 1958. Botanical investigations in central petricosa (Cyperaceae) and related species in North Alaska, especially in the White Mountains. Part I: America. Rhodora 96(888): 295-310. Pteridophytes and Monocotyledons. Det Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selskabs Skrifter 5. 74 pp. Chapman, R.M., F.R. Weber, and B. Tabor. 1971. Preliminary geologic map of the Livengood Gjrerevoll, 0. 1963. Botanical investigations in central Quadrangle, Alaska. Open File Map 483. Department Alaska, especially in the White Mountains. Part II: of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey. 2 sheets. Dicotyledons, Salicaceae--Umbelliferae. Det Kg!. Norske Vidensk. Selskabs Skrifter 4. 115 pp. Cody, W.J. 1994. The flora of the Yukon Territory: additions, range extensions, and comments. Canadian Gjrerevoll, 0. 1967. Botanical investigations in central Field-Naturalist 108( 4): 428-476. Alaska, especially in the White Mountains. Part III: Sympetalae. Det Kg!. Norske Vidensk. Selskabs Skrifter Cook, J.A., C.J. Conroy, and J.D. Herriges. 1997. 10. 63 pp. Northern record of the water shrew, Sorex palustris, in Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 111(4): 638-640. Hamet-Ahti, L. 1971. List of vascular plants collected in Alaska, the Yukon, northern British Columbia, and Cook, M.B., R. Lipkin, and P. Knuckles. 1993. Floristic Alberta by Leena Hamet-Ahti and Teuvo Ahti in 1967. survey of two sites in the Ogilvie Mountains and a slope Mimeographed Papers of the Botanical Museum, near Hillard Peak. Resource Management Report Series University of Helsinki 3: 1-17. 93-05. Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve. Unpublished draft report. Hitchcock, C.L. 1941. A revision of the Drabas of western North America. University of Washington Douglas, G. W., G.W. Argus, H.L. Dickson, and D.F. Publications in Biology 11 (April 1941 ). 132 pp. Brunton. 1981. The rare vasculuar plants of the Yukon. Syllogeus 28. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa. 61 Holmen, K. 1964. Cytotaxonomical studies in the arctic pp. (plus maps). Alaska flora. The genus Festuca. Botaniska Notiser 117(2): 109-118. Dover, J.H. 1994. Geology of part of east-central Alaska. In The Geology of Alaska. The Geology ofNorth Hulten, E. 1937. Outline of the history of arctic and boreal America. Volume G-1. G Plafker and H.C. Berg, Eds., biota during the Quaternary Period. Bokforlags pp. 153-204. Aktiebolaget Thule, Stockholm. 168 pp.

Foster, H.L., J. Laird, T.E.C. Keith, G. W. Cushing and Hulten, E 1939. Two new species from Alaska. W.D. Menzie. 1983. Preliminary Geologic Map of the Contribution to the flora of Alaska II. Botaniska Notiser Circle Quadrangle, Alaska. Open File Rep. 83- l 70A. 1939: 826-829. Department oflnterior. U.S. Geological Survey.

18 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA Hulten, E. 1940. History of botanical exploration in Lipkin, R. and D.F. Murray. 1997. Alaska rare plant field Alaska and Yukon territories from the time of their guide. U.S. Department of the Interior. discovery to 1940. Botaniska Notiser 1940: 289-346. Mulligan, G.A. 197 l. Cytotaxonomic studies of Draba Hulten, E. 1941-1950. Flora of Alaska and Yukon, 1-10. species of Canada and Alaska: D. ventosa, D. ruaxes, D. Lunds Univ. Arsskrift N.F., Vols. 37-46. 1902 pp. paysonii. Canadian Journal of Botany 49(8): 1455-1460.

Hulten, E 1946. New species of Astragalus and Oxytropis Mulligan, G.A. 1976. The genus Draba in Canada and from Alaska and Yukon. Artiv for Botanik 33(1): 1-5. Alaska: key and summary. Canadian Journal of Botany 54(12): 1386-1393. Hulten, E. 1967. Comments on the Flora of Alaska and Yukon. Arkiv for Botanik 2(7): 1-47. Murray, B.M. and D.F. Murray. 1978. Checklists of vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens for the Alaskan Hulten, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and neighboring U.S. IBP Tundra Biome Study Areas-Barrow, Prudhoe territories. Stanford University Press, Stanford. 1008 Bay, Eagle Summit. In Vegetation and production pp. ecology of an alaskan arctic tundra, Ecological Studies 29. L.L. Tieszen (ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. Hulten, E. 1973. Supplement to Flora of Alaska and 647-677. neighboring territories. Botaniska Notiser, Vol. 126: 459-512. Murray, D.F. 1981. The role of arctic refugia in the evolution of the arctic vascular flora - a Beringian Juday, G.P. 1985. Designation report for Big Windy Hot perspective. In G.G.E. Scudder & J.L. Reveal (eds.) Springs Research Natural Area, Area of Critical Evolution Today, Proceedings of the Second Environmental Concern. Unpublished report. 9 pp. International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, pp. 11-20. Juday, G.P. 1988. Alaska Research Natural Area. 1: Mount Prindle. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-224. U.S. McNeill, J. and J.N. Findlay. 1971. The systematic Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, position of Claytonia bostockii. Canadian Journal of Portland. 34 pp. Botany 49(5): 713-715.

Juday, GP. 1989. Alaska Research Natural Areas. 2: Nilsson, 0. 1971. Studies in Mantia L., Claytonia L., and Limestone Jags. General Technical Report PNW-GTR- allied genera V. The genus Montiastrum (Gray) Rydb. 237. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research BotaniskaNotiser 124: 87-121. Station, Portland. 58 pp. Parker, C.L. 1997. Rare plant and floristic survey of Juday, G.P. 1992. Alaska Research Natural Areas. 3: selected sites in Yukon-Charley Rivers National Serpentine Slide. General Technical Report. PNW­ Preserve. Unpublished report submitted to NPS. 36 pp. GTR-271. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland. 66 pp. Persson, H. and 0. Gjrerevoll. 1957. Bryophytes of the interior of Alaska. Det Kg!. Norske Vidensk. Selskabs Juday, G.P. 1998. Alaska Research Natural Area. 4: Big Skrifter 5. Windy Hot Springs. University of Alaska Agriculture and Experiment Station Miscellaneous Publication 98- Pewe, T.L., L. Burbank, and L.R. Mayo. 1967. Multiple l. 47 pp. glaciations of the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Alaska. Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 1-507. Krog, H. 1962. A contribution to the lichen flora of Department oflnterior, U.S. Geological Survey. Alaska. Arkiv for Botanik 2(4): 489-513. Porsild, A.E. 1939. Contributions to the flora of Alaska. Lipkin, R. and C. Parker. 1995. Rare vascular plants of the Rhodora 41: 141-301. BLM Dalton Highway Utility Corridor. Alaska Natural Heritage Program, ENRl, UAA and University of Porsild, A.E. 1966. Contributions to the flora of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks. 79 pp. southwestern Yukon Territory. Paper No. 1. National Museum of Canada, Bulletin No. 216, Contributions to Botany IV. 86 pp.

Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA 19 Porsild, A.E. 197 5. Materials for a flora of central Yukon Territory. Publications in Botany, No. 4. National Museums of Canada. 77 pp.

Rollins, R.C. 1993. The cruciferae of continental North America: systematics of the mustard family from the Arctic to Panama. Stanford University Press, Stanford. 976 pp.

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Smith, T.E. and Pessel, G.H. 1987. Bedrock geologic map of the Lime Peak-Mt. Prindle Area, east-central Alaska. Report on Investigations 87-4. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.

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Welsh, S.L. 1967. Legumes of Alaska II. Oxytropis DC. Iowa State Journal of Science 41(3): 277-303.

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20 Botanical Survey ofthe White Mountains NRA & Steese NCA APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTIONS OF SURVEY LOCALITIES

Following are descriptions of the individual site visits made during this floristic survey of the Yukon­ Tanana Uplands. Participants, dates, geology, previous collections, vegetation and floristics are noted for each site. In addition, topographic map figures and characteristic landscape scenes are provided. For convenience, the two areas visited in the Crazy Mountains (East and West Crazy Mountains) and the three areas visited within the South Fork of the Birch Creek drainage are combined into single sections. These descriptions and maps document the exact areas and habitats covered at each site in the event they are revisited. They also demonstrate the diverse landscapes, vegetation types, and rare and unusual plant distributions found at each. It is hoped that they will prove useful both for workers who may visit these sites and for the selection of new potential survey sites.

Appendix A A-1 Lime Peak (Rocky Mountain) interior Alaska and are frequently referred to by Alaska vicinity botanists today. Vegetation: Dryas tundra dominated the ridgetops and Participants: upper slopes throughout the area. Dryas octopetala, • Jim Herriges, BLM, Northern Field Office, Fairbanks Diapensia lapponica, and fruticose lichens were often • Carolyn Parker, University of Alaska Museum abundant. The occurrence of frost boils, sorted circles and Herbarium, Fairbanks stripes, and uptilted rocks indicated frost activity is . Alan Batten, University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, common. Swales and depressions that hold meltwater Fairbanks longer into the summer supported dryas-sedge tundra, • Deborah Blank, BLM, Anchorage Field Office, enriched with herbaceous species including Anemone Anchorage narcissiflora. Carex bigelowii, and Artemisia arctica. • Virginia Moran, USFWS, Ecological Services, Lower slopes and broader swales supported mesic Anchorage shrub birch-ericaceous shrub on the drier sites and shrub . George West, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, birch-willow where more moisture is available. Taxa that University of Alaska Anchorage were abundant included Betula glandulosa, Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra and Vaccinium uliginosum. A few Dates: 9-13 June 1994. Alan Batten, accompanied by moist depressions supported mesic graminoid herbaceous Winston Hobgood and Vicki DeGuenther (BLM) , tundra dominated by Dryas alaskensis, Festuca altaica, revisited the area for a few hours on 19 July 1994. Carex microchaeta and Eriophorum angustifolium. Open tall scrub willow, dominated by A/nus viridus ssp. crispa Location: Lime Peak (USGS Circle Quadrangle (C-6) and Salix alaxensis, followed the stream drainages up into 65°38'N, 146°46'W) (Rocky Mountain on some USGS the alpine zone. topographic maps), in the western Y-T Uplands, is the Azonal habitats that supported species otherwise highest point on the divide between the Beaver and uncommon included small patches of herbaceous and Preacher creek drainages. The peak lies on the boundary shrub vegetation at the base of the larger tors where between the Steese National Conservation Area (SNCA) additional moisture and shelter are available, late-lying and the White Mountains National Recreational Area snowbanks, warm, south-facing lower slopes supporting (WMNRA). Most of the current survey was carried out several boreal taxa and open white spruce woodland, and within WMNRA, south and west of the summit (Figure a mineral lick on Mascot Creek that was highly disturbed A-2). by sheep activity and rich in forbs. All areas showing evidence of frequent sheep occupancy, such as bedding Geology: A massive Tertiary-Cretaceous intrusion sites and an accumulation of droppings, displayed plant consisting of light-colored, coarse-grained granite is the growth that was extremely lush and rich in forbs relative primary bedrock of the Lime Peak area (Smith and Pessel to the adjacent vegetation. 1987). Older metamorphic bedrock skirts this intrusion. These surfaces were also visited where the bedrock is Floristics: Two taxa tracked by AKNHP and several East exposed on two ridges two miles south of Lime Peak. Beringian endemics were collected. Ranunculus glacialis Differential weathering in the granite has produced a var camissonis, listed S2, (Figure 5) was growing in a series of spectacular tors scattered along the major ridges, snowmelt meadow south of the summit of Lime Peak. The which give this landscape a distinctive appearance (Figure species was also found growing in a wet sedge meadow in A-1). The summit of Lime Peak consists of one of the the Mount Prindle area in July 1994 (this report). A larger clusters of tors in the area. Beringian endemic and rare in Alaska, this taxon is known from only a few Seward Peninsula and interior Alaska Previous collections: Norwegian botanist Olav Gjrerevoll localities. collected extensively in the Lime Peak region (referred to Draba densifolia, listed S 1 (Figure 2), showed as Lion Peak in his publications) during the summer of scattered to frequent abundance on the ridgetop dryas 1953. He was accompanied by lichenologist Hildur Krog. tundra throughout the areas underlain by granite. It was Their floristic works were published (Gjrerevoll 1958, very rare, however, on the two adjacent ridges of 1963, 1967; Persson and Gjrerevoll 1957, Krog 1962) and metamorphic bedrock where the vegetation was otherwise his herbarium specimens are at Trondheim, Norway similar. The plants were in full flower and the small tight (TRH). Gjrerevoll's publications include the earliest cushions, covered with bright yellow blossoms, were very thorough discussions of the vegetation and floristics of conspicuous during our visit.

A-2 Appendix A Arenaria chamissonis was found growing on Conclusions: Although the vicinity of Lime Peak had metamorphic bedrock 3 km south of Lime Peak. This is been previously visited by Olav Gjrerevoll, several the second record in the Y-T Uplands for this Beringian additional taxa were recorded for this area, including the endemic which is otherwise known only from a few uncommon Beringian endemics Saxifraga foliosa, Salix scattered alpine localities in Alaska and Chukotka, chamissonis, Arenaria chamissonis and Potentilla Russia. elegans. Poa porsildii, a narrowly restricted East Potentilla elegans frequently formed lush patches in Beringian endemic, was first described by Gjrerevoll moist, sheltered microsites along the bases, and in (1958) after he compared material he had collected from crevices of, the granite tors. This Beringian endemic is Lime Peak with misidentified material of the same taxon rarely collected, and seldom found in the abundance it collected in Yukon Territory, Canada, by A.E. Porsild. displayed here. Our efforts to relocate the species here were unsuccessful, Salix chamissonis, another Beringian endemic, was but it was found later during this survey in the White common to abundant in mesic shrub birch-willow Mountains area and the South Fork Birch Creek drainage vegetation, and seemed to fill the niche usually held by S. (this report). arctica. Efforts to locate S. arctica during this visit failed, Draba densifolia and Ranunculus glacialis var. however it is interesting that Gjrerevoll (1963) noted S. camissonis, the two taxa found here that are listed by arctica (as S. torulosa) to be common in the Lime Peak AKNHP, were also both found in the Mount Prindle area while he recorded S. chamissonis occurring only in vicinity (this report), but nowhere else in the Uplands the Sourdough Creek and Mastodon Dome areas to the during this survey, although Gjrerevoll (1963) records D. south and east, respectively. Salix chamissonis is very densifolia from Mount Harper, 200 km to the southeast. similar in appearance to the very common dwarf willow S. This pattern of apparent localized distribution of sensitive arctica; the primary distinctive feature being the finely plants within the Y-T Uplands is repeated throughout this serrated leaf margins of S. chamissonis. This character survey. could be easily overlooked in the field, and it is possible the real distribution of S. chamissonis is underestimated for the Y-T Uplands.

FIGURE A-1. Lime Peak (Rocky Mountain) vicinity. Ridge above Mascot Creek, 5 km southwest of Lime Peak summit. Dryas tundra and dryas-sedge tundra dominate the ridgetop vegetation. Granite tors, seen in background, are scattered throughout the area and are prominent features on the landscape. Photo by Carolyn Parker.

Appendix A A-3 Vascular Plant Species Collected or Observed in Alpine and Subalpine Habitats in the Vicinitv oflime Peak Acomastylis rossii Cystopteris fragilis Luzula confusa Salix alaxensis Aconitum delphinifolium Deschampsia cespitosa Luzula kjellmaniana Salix brachycarpa ssp. Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Diapensia lapponica Luzula multiflora niphoclada Andromeda polifolia Dodecatheon frigidum Luzula wahlenbergii Salix chamissonis Androsace chamaejasme Draba densifolia Lycopodium alpinum Salix phlebophylla Anemone dmmmondii Draba fladnizensis Lycopodium annotinum Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra Anemone narcissiflora Draba glabella Lycopodium clavatum Salix polaris Anemone parviflora Dryas alaskensis Minuartia arctica Salix reticulata Anemone richardsonii Dryas octopetala Minuartia macrocarpa Saussurea angustifolia Angelica lucida Dryopteris fragrans Orthilia secunda Saxifraga bronchialis Antennaria friesiana Empetmm hermaphroditum Oxyria digyna Saxifraga calycina Antennaria monocephala Epilobium angustifolium Oxytropis bryophila Saxifraga cemua Arctagrostis latifolia Epilobium latifolium Oxytropis scammaniana Saxifraga foliolosa Arctous alpina Equisetum arvense Papaver macounii Saxifraga hieracifolia Arenaria chamissonis Equisetum silvaticum Parrya nudicaulis Saxifraga nelsoniana Amica griscomii ssp. frigida Eriophorum angustifolium Pedicularis capitata Saxifraga reflexa Artemisia arctica Eriophorum callitrix Pedicularis labradorica Saxifraga rivularis Artemisia borealis Eriophorum vaginatum Pedicularis lanata Saxifraga tricuspidata Astragalus umbellatus Eutrema edwardsii Pedicularis langsdorffii Selaginella sibirica Betula glandulosa Festuca altaica Pedicularis oederi Senecio atropurpureus ssp. Betula nana Festuca brachyphylla Pedicularis verticillata frigidus Bistorta plumosa Gentiana algida Petasites frigidus Senecio kjellmanii Bistorta vivipara Gentiana glauca Picea glauca Senecio tundricola Calamagrostis canadensis Gymnocarpium dryopteris Poa abbreviata Sibbaldia procumbens Campanula lasiocarpa Hieracium triste Poa arctica Silene acaulis Cardamine bellidifolia Hierochloe alpina Poa paucispicula Solidago multiradiata Cardamine purpurea Huperzia selago Podistera macounii Spiraea stevenii Carex bigelowii Juncus biglumis Polemonium acutiflorum Stellaria laeta Carex capillaris Juncus castaneus Potentilla elegans Synthyris borealis Carex lachenalii Juncus triglumis Potentilla hyparctica Taraxacum ceratophomm Carex membranacea Lagotis glauca Potentilla nivea Tofieldia coccinea Carex microchaeta Ledum groenlandicum Potentilla uniflora Trisetum spicatum Carex misandra Ledum palustre ssp. Pyrola asarifolia Vaccinium uliginosum Carex podocarpa decumbens Pyrola grandiflora Vaccinium vitis-idaea Carex scirpoidea Linnaea borealis Ranunculus glacialis var. Valeriana capitata Carex williamsii Lloydia serotina camissonis Veronica wormskjoldii Cassiope tetragona Loiseleuria procumbens Ranunculus nivalis Viola epipsila Castilleja hyperborea Lupinus arcticus Ranunculus sulphureus Woodsia ilvensis Cerastium beeringianum Luzula arctica Rhodiola integrifolia Claytonia sarmentosa Luzula arcuata ssp. Rhododendron lapponicum Corydalis pauciflora unalaschcensis Ribes triste

A-4 Appendix A FIGURE A-2. Survey area in the Lime Peak (Rocky Mountain) vicinity. USGS Circle (C-6) Quadrangle. Mascot Creek is in upper left. Faint dashed line at center right is boundary between White Mountains National Recreation Area and Steese National Conservation Area.

Appendix A A-5 Mount Schwatka vicinity dwarf scrub dominated by Dryas octopetala and several fruticose lichen species. Vegetation cover on this slope Participants: was 30% to 50%. The lower, more stable slopes on both • Jim Herriges, BLM, Northern Field Office, Fairbanks sides of the hogback had a continuous cover of dryas • Carolyn Parker, University of Alaska Museum tundra, dominated by Dryas octopetala, Festuca altaica Herbarium, Fairbanks and Salix arctica, This vegetation became increasingly • David Murray, University of Alaska Museum mesic and rich in forbes downslope into the upper reaches Herbarium, Fairbanks of drainages. • Robert Lipkin, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, In contrast, basalt bedrock slopes below the summit of University of Alaska Anchorage Mount Schwatka supported a dryas sedge tundra on the • Michael Emers, USFWS, Arctic National Wildlife north-facing side and a dryas tundra rich in forbs and Refuge, Fairbanks grasses on the south-facing side. Vegetation cover here was 60% to 100%. Dominant taxa on the north-facing side Dates: 14-19 June 1994 were Dryas alaskensis (lower slope), Dryas octopetala (upper slope), Carex microchaeta and Salix arctica. On Location: Mount Schwatka lies in the northwestern the south-facing slope Dryas octopetala, Festuca comer of the Y-T Uplands north of Victoria Creek (USGS brachyphylla, Hierochloe alpina, and Lupinus arcticus Livengood (D-1) 65°53'N, 147°1 S'W). It sits directly on were common. The summit area supported a dryas lichen the border between the White Mountains National tundra dominated by Dryas octopetala. Recreation Area (WMNRA) and the Yukon Flats National A small patch of limestone within the basalt on the Wildlife Refuge managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife east -facing side of Mount Schwatka supported scattered Service, Fairbanks (USFWS). Portions of both areas were alpine herbs including several taxa not otherwise found on visited (Figure A-4). this slope, but observed on the adjacent limestone hogback, including Saxifraga oppositifo/ia, Silene acaulis Geology: The rounded upper slopes and flat summit of and Carex petricosa. Mount Schwatka are composed of dark-colored Devonian The low saddle spanning the contact zone between the and Silurian volcanics and basalts. The massive gray­ basalt and the limestone hogback supported vaccinium white limestone hogback trending northwest from a tundra on the drier sites and tussock tundra on the lowest, saddle north of the summit has weathered to a series of wettest zone. rugged headwalls and screes on its southwest-facing side, and a more gently sloping and stable block slope on its Floristics: The Mount Schwatka area was rich in northeast facing side (Dover 1994). The contrasting Beringian endemics and rare taxa. Thirty-two Beringian bedrock, weathering and vegetation cover displayed by endemics and four species ranked S3 or higher by these two adjacent landscape features is striking (Figure AKNHP were found. Most of these taxa were collected on A-3 ). the limestone substrate and were among the alpine herb vegetation growing on the southwest-facing scree slope. Previous collections: No previous collections are known Included were Campanula aurita, an East Beringian from this area. However, as a historical note, Lieutenant endemic ranked S3, and Festuca lenensis, an Asian Frederick Schwatka, for whom Mount Schwatka was subarctic steppe taxon ranked S2S3 (Figure 9). Other named, made a small collection of vascular plants from Beringian endemics found on this slope included along the Yukon River to the north while on a U. S. Oxytropis arcticus, 0 borealis, Torularia humilis and Army reconnaissance trip in 1883 (Hulten 1940). Erigeron hyperboreus: all taxa displaying a generally arctic distribution and rarely found in interior Alaska. Vegetation: This locality offered an excellent opportunity Collections of the East Beringian endemic Eritrichium to compare the vegetation and floras of adjacent splendens from this slope had uncharacteristically large contrasting bedrock surfaces. The unstable southwest­ blossoms and compact foliage for this taxon, suggesting facing limestone scree slope north of Mount Schwatka that a reconsideration of the taxonomic treatment or supported scattered alpine herbs, and vegetation cover description of this species is needed. In addition, several was I% to 5%. No taxa were clearly dominant, however circumpolar taxa strongly associated with calcareous Potentil/a uniflora, Saxifraga tricuspidata and Torularia substrates were common here, including Lesquerella humilis were among the more abundant species. The more arctica, Carex glacialis and Phlox alaskensis. stable northeast-facing limestone block slope displayed The role of Dall sheep activity in contributing to poorly developed sorted stripes with patches of dryas floristic richness and lush growth on this slope was apparent. There was evidence of heavy use by sheep: a

A-6 Appendix A network of well-defined trails and bedding perches, microsite under willows along a stream draining droppings, hair, and signs of browsing. Vegetation patches southwest from Mount Schwatka. This species is associated with perches supported very lush vegetation, widespread in arctic Russia but rare in western and arctic rooted several centimeters in dung, in strong contrast to Alaska. Gjrerevoll (1958) reported it growing on moist the adjacent sparse alpine herb cover. Taxa found on these gelifluction terraces near Lime Peak. Our collection is the perches included those more typical oflower elevations or second record for the Y-T Uplands. mesic sites such as Adoxa moschatellina, Bromopsis pumpelliana ssp. arctica, and Descurainia sophioides, as Conclusions: The proximity of very different bedrock well as species normally expected on screes but types and the concentrated Dall sheep activity appear to displaying uncharacteristically robust growth here. Sheep be significant factors contributing to the contrasting activity contributes nutrients and organics that improve vegetation cover and enriched floristic diversity at this soil conditions, effect compensatory growth, and disperse locality. Calcareous substrates often support azonal propagules to the site. vegetation as well as endemic, disjunct, or rare taxa. The Douglasia arctica, an East Beringian endemic ranked limestone hogback, though sparsely vegetated, supported S2S3, was found on both limestone scree and on basalt, the majority of the endemic and sensitive taxa found here. where it was growing in dryas tundra. This species is The adjacent basalt substrate supported a relatively known only from the Y-T Uplands and arctic Yukon, continuous dryas-dominated vegetation cover, but lacked Canada. the species richness and the presence of sensitive taxa The primarily arctic-Asian grass Trisetum sibiricum seen on the limestone. ssp. litorale, ranked S2, was found in a small, disturbed

FIGURE A-3. Mount Schwatka vicinity. South-facing headwalls and scree of the limestone hogback are in the left foreground. Sheep trails and patches of vegetation are conspicuous on this slope. Lower, north-facing basalt slopes of Mount Schwatka are in the right background. Photo by Carolyn Parker.

Appendix A A-7 S[2_ecies Collected or Observed in All2.ine and Suba/12.ine Habitats in Vicinity_ o[.lvfount Schwatka Aconitum delphinifolium Cnidium cnidiifolium Lesquerella arctica Rumex acetosa Adoxa moschatellina Corydalis pauciflora Linnaea borealis Salix alaxensis Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Cystopteris fragilis Lloydia serotina Salix arctica Anemone drummondii Delphinium glaucum Lupinus arcticus Salix glauca Anemone narcissiflora Descurainia sophioides Luzula confusa Salix hastata Anemone parviflora Diapensia lapponica Luzula kjellmaniana Salix lanata ssp. richardsonii Anemone richardsonii Dodecatheon frigidum Lycopodium annotinum Salix phlebophylla Androsace chamaejasme Douglasia arctica Mertensia paniculata Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra Antennaria friesiana Draba cana Minuartia arctica Salix polaris Arctagrostis latifolia Draba fladnizensis Minuartia rossii Salix reticulata Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Draba palanderiana Minuartia rubella Saussurea angustifolia Arctous alpina Dryopteris fragrans Moehringia lateriflora Saxifraga bronchialis Arctous rubra Dryas alaskensis Myosotis alpestris Saxifraga cernua Amica griscomii ssp. frigida Dryas integrifolia Orthilia secunda Saxifraga hieracifolia Artemisia arctica Dryas octopetala Oxyria digyna Saxifraga hirculus Artemisia borealis Dryas sylvatica Oxytropis arctica Saxifraga nelsoniana Artemisia furcata Empetrum hermaphroditum Oxytropis borealis Saxifraga oppositifolia Artemisia tilesii Elymus alaskanus ssp. Oxytropis bryophila Saxifraga reflexa Astragalus aboriginum hyperarcticus Oxytropis deflexa Saxifraga tricuspidata Astragalus umbellatus Epilobium latifolium Oxytropis maydelliana Selaginella sibirica Betula glandulosa Equisetum arvense Oxytropis scammaniana Senecio atropurpureus ssp. Bistorta plumosa Equisetum scirpoidea Papaver macounii frigidus Bistorta vivipara Equisetum variegatum Papaver radicatum Senecio lindstroemii Bromopsis pumpelliana ssp. Erigeron hyperboreus Parnassia kotzebuei Senecio lugens arctica Eriophorum angustifolium Parrya nudicaulis Senecio ogotorukensis Bupleurum triradiatum Eriophorum brachyantherum Pedicularis capitata Senecio resedifolius Calamagrostis purpurascens Eriophorum vaginatum Pedicularis interior Senecio tundricola Campanula aurita Eritrichium splendens Pedicularis labradorica Silene acaulis Cardamine purpurea Eutrema edwardsii Pedicularis lanata Solidago multiradiata Cassiope tetragona F estuca altaica Pedicularis langsdorffii Stellaria longipes Castilleja hyperborea Festuca baffinensis Pedicularis oederi Synthyris borealis Carex bigelowii Festuca brachyphylla Pentaphylloides floribunda Taraxacum ceratophorum Carex capillaris Festuca lenensis Petasites frigidus Taraxacum kamtschaticum Carex concinna F estuca rubra Phlox alaskensis Taraxacum phymatocarpum Carex glacialis Gastrolychnis affinis Pinguicula vulgaris Thalictrum alpinum Carex membranacea Gastrolychnis apetala Platanthera obtusata Tofieldia coccinea Carex microchaeta Geocaulon lividum Poa glauca Tofieldia pusilla Carex misandra Hedysarum alpinum Poa pseudoabbreviata Torularia humilis ssp. arctica Carex nardina Hedysarum mackenzii Polemonium acutiflorum Trisetum sibiricum ssp. Carex obtusata Hierochloe alpina Polemonium boreale litorale Carex petricosa Huperzia selago Potentilla uniflora Trisetum spicatum Carex podocarpa Juniperus communis Pyrola grandiflora Vaccinium uliginosum Carex rupestris Kobresia sibirica Ranunculus nivalis Vaccinium vitis-idaea Carex scirpoidea Lagotis glauca Rhododendron lapponicum Valeriana capitata Carex vaginata Ledum palustre ssp. Rhodiola integrifolia Woodsia glabella Cerastium beeringianum decumbens Rosa acicularis

A-8 Appendix A FIGURE A-4. Survey area and base camp in Mount Schwatka vicinity. USGS Livengood (01) Quadrangle. Red line is the boundary between the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge and the White Mountains National Recreation Area.

Appendi:xA A-9 White Mountains, VABM Fossil have been published (Gjrerevoll 1958, 1963 and 1967). David Murray made small collections, held at ALA, in vicinity association with a site documentation effort for Limestone Jags RNA 10 km SSW of this survey site (Juday 1989) Participants: and a study of Serpentine Slide RNA (Juday 1992). . Jim Herriges, BLM, Northern Field Office, Fairbanks • Carolyn Parker, University of Alaska Museum Vegetation: Dryas tundra was the dominate vegetation on Herbarium, Fairbanks the driest, more stable limestone slopes. Dryas octopetala, • David F. Murray, University of Alaska Museum Salix arctica, and S. reticulata were the most abundant Herbarium, Fairbanks taxa. Other frequently encountered species included • Barbara M. Murray, University of Alaska Museum Lupinus arcticus, Minuartia arctica, Pedicularis lanata, Herbarium, Fairbanks Eritrichium aretioides, and Oxytropis scammaniana. Steeper, unstable limestone scree supported an alpine herb Dates: 12-14 June 1995. D.F. Murray and B.M. Murray vegetation including the scattered occurrence of visited the site for a few hours on 12 June 1995. Potentilla uniflora, several Draba spp., Saxifraga oppositifolia, Silene acaulis, and Salix rotundifolia. Location: The area surveyed was the vicinity ofVABM Poorly-developed vegetation stripes were common in Fossil in the northern portion of the White Mountains areas of intermediate stability. proper, ca. 8 km NE of Windy Gap (USGS Livengood Vaccinium tundra dominated on the stable, dry Quadrangle (Cl) 65°37'N, 147°22'W) (Figure A-6). The volcanic slopes. Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium vitis­ White Mountains consist of a distinct and rugged idaea, Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens, and Cassiope limestone hogback trending northeast-southwest in the tetragona were common to abundant. Volcanic slopes and central Beaver Creek drainage. The site is within the contact zones with more moisture supported a dryas­ White Mountains National Recreational Area (WMNRA ). sedge tundra which graded to a mesic grass-herb meadow Although the term 'White Mountains' is often used to tundra with scattered patches of willow and alder in more refer to all the uplands in the vicinity of the WMNRA, we protected mesic areas at lower elevations. Dryas use it here to refer only to this northeast-southwest ridge. alaskensis was abundant in the dryas-sedge tundra. A rich A brief stop was made at one site within Serpentine diversity offorbs including Polemonium acutiflorum, Slide Research Natural Area (RNA) (USGS Livengood Petasites frigidus, Mertensia paniculata, and Quadrangle (C-2) 65°42'N, 147°36'W) and a few Dodecatheonfrigidum were found in the meadow tundra. collections were made. A very diverse assemblage of scattered alpine herbs was found on a large, east-facing contact zone between Geology: Devonian-Silurian Tolovana Limestone is the the limestone and Fossil Creek volcanics. The contact primary local bedrock ( Chapman et al. 1971, Dover zone was well-weathered, had a large component of fines 1994). This light-colored, massive microcrystalline rock mixed with larger fragments, and was moist from ground produces a spectacular alpine landscape of hogback ridges seepage. Although no taxa were dominant, several were and large, isolated outcrops. The Fossil Creek Volcanics found only at this site including Cardamine bellidifolia, abruptly contact the limestone along both the northwest Saxifraga nivalis, S. jlagellaris, S. cernua and Torularia and southeast margins of the area, offering a contrasting humilis. This exposed site was highly disturbed by frost substrate for vegetation comparison (Figure A-5). The heave and slope processes, but the abundance of fines and area remained unglaciated throughout the Pleistocene moisture possibly contributed to its floristic richness. with the exception of the north side of the highest peaks, The vegetation at Serpentine Slide RNA has been where there exists limited evidence for localized described by Juday (1992). glaciation during the early Pleistocene (F. Weber, pers. comm.). Floristics: The White Mountains area supported several Several mid- to high-elevation serpentine East Beringian endemics and sensitive species being (noncalcareous) bedrock and scree exposures are found tracked by the AKNHP. within the Serpentine Slide Research Natural Area. These Poa porsildii was collected from a steep mesic grass­ sites have been described by Juday ( 1992). herbaceous meadow tundra in a southwest-facing gully directly below and southeast ofVABM Fossil. This gully Previous collections: Olav Gjrerevoll visited the Fossil is situated on a volcanic-limestone contact zone at an Creek lowlands and the southwestern alpine region of the elevation of ca. 1000 m. (Figure A-5). Although P. White Mountains south of Fossil Creek in 1959. His porsildii was searched for in similar habitats at this collections are held at Trondheim, Norway (TRH), and his locality, this was the only population found. floristic findings for all of Alaska, including this area,

A-10 Appendix A Draba ruaxes (Figure 7) and Douglasia arctica (Figure associated with concentrated use by sheep have all 6), both East Beringian endemics ranked S2S3, were contributed to the species richness at this site. growing in alpine herb and dryas tundra vegetation, The collection of Poa porsildii is significant for our respectively. Cystopteris montana, ranked S3, was documentation of this taxon, which appears to be rare at collected from a moist creek bank. Additional Beringian the western edge of its range. Now known to be frequent endemics documented for the area and ranked S3S4 are to common in mesic, herbaceous habitats such as Anemone multiceps, Erigeron hyperboreus, Oxytropis snowmelt meadows and gelifluction slopes in the South scammaniana, and Synthyris borealis. Fork Birch Creek valley (this report), more effort should The collections of Saxifraga caespitosa, a be made to locate it throughout the Uplands region. circumpolar arctic-alpine species, and Draba ruaxes The two new records for the Yukon-Tanana Uplands, represent new records for the Y-T Uplands and a range Saxifraga caespitosa and Draba ruaxes, underscore the connection between the Brooks Range and the Alaska value of surveying many sites within the region of Range. interest. Neither taxa was found elsewhere during this survey, and neither has been documented from the Eagle Conclusions: Contrasting bedrock, a diversity of Summit area, where intensive collecting has occurred. substrates and exposures, and the soil enrichment

FIGURE A-5. White Mountains, vicinity of VABM Fossil. Tolovana Limestone (left and upper center of photo) and Fossil Creek Volcanics contact zone in a tributary of Fossil Creek. Poa porsildii was collected near the base of the mesic meadow tundra slope on the right. Photo by Carolyn Parker.

Appendix A A-11 Species Collected or Observed in Alpine and Subalpine Habitats in Vicinity of White Mountains Acomastylis rossii Epilobium angustifolium Poa arctica Aconitum delphinifolium Epilobium latifolium Poa porsildii Andromeda polifolia Equisetum arvense Podistera macounii Androsace chamaejasme Equisetum scirpoides Polemonium acutiflorum Anemone parviflora Equisetum variegatum Potentilla biflora Anemone multiceps Erigeron humilis Potentilla uniflora Anemone narcissiflora Erigeron hyperboreus Pyrola grandiflora Anemone richardsonii Erigeron purpuratus Ranunculus nivalis Antennaria friesiana Eriophorum callitrix Rhododendron lapponicum Arctous rubra Eritrichium aretioides Rhodiola integrifolia Amica griscomii ssp. frigida Eutrema edwardsii Rumex acetosa Artemisia arctica Festuca altaica Salix alaxensis Artemisia furcata Festuca brachyphylla Salix arctica Astragalus aboriginum Festuca vivipara Salix brachyphylla ssp. niphoclada Astragalus umbellatus Gastrolychnis apetala Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra Betula glandulosa Gentiana glauca Salix reticulata Bistorta plumosa Gentiana prostrata Salix rotundifolia Bistorta vivipara Gentianella propinqua Saxifraga bronchialis Boykinia richardsonii Gymnocarpium dryopteris Saxifraga caespitosa Bupleurum triradiatum Hedysarum alpinum Saxifraga cemua Calamagrostis purpurascens Hedysarum mackenzii Saxifraga flagellaris Campanula uniflora Hierochloe alpina Saxifraga hieracifolia Cardamine bellidifolia Huperzia selago Saxifraga hirculus Cardamine purpurea Lagotis glauca Saxifraga nelsoniana Carex capillaris Ledum palustre Saxifraga nivalis Carex glacialis ssp. decumbens Saxifraga oppositifolia Carex nardina Lloydia serotina Saxifraga reflexa Carex petricosa Lupinus arcticus Saxifraga rivularis Carex podocarpa Luzula wahlenbergii Saxifraga spicata Carex scirpoidea Lycopodium annotinum Saxifraga tricuspidata Cassiope tetragona Mertensia paniculata Selaginella sibirica Castilleja hyperborea Minuartia arctica Senecio atropurpureus Cerastium beeringianum Minuartia elegans Senecio ltjellmanii Chrysanthemum integrifolium Minuartia rossii Senecio lugens Claytonia tuberosa Myosotis alpestris Senecio resedifolius Corydalis pauciflora Novosieversia glacialis Silene acaulis Cystopteris fragilis Oxyria digyna Solidago multiradiata Cystopteris montana Oxytropis bryophila Stellaria edwardsii Delphinium glaucum Oxytropis maydelliana Stellaria laeta Diapensia lapponica Oxytropis scammaniana Synthyris borealis Dodecatheon frigidum Oxytropis viscida Taraxacum ceratophorum Douglasia arctica Papaver lapponicum Thalictrum alpinum Draba fladnizensis Papaver macounii Tofieldia coccinea Draba glabella Parrya nudicaulis Torularia humilis Draba lactea Pedicularis capitata Trisetum spicatum Draba lonchocarpa Pedicularis lanata Vaccinium uliginosum Draba longipes Pedicularis langsdorffii Vaccinium vitis-idaea Draba ruaxes Pedicularis oederi Valeriana capitata Dryas alaskensis Pedicularis verticillata Viola biflora Dryas integrifolia Pentaphylloides floribunda Woodsia glabella Dryas octopetala Petasites frigidus Zygadenus elegans Empetrum hermaphroditum Phlox alaxensis

A-12 Appendix A FIGURE A-6. Survey routes in the White Mountains, vicinity of VABM Fossil. USGS Livengood (C-1) Quadrangle. The drainage toward the southwest is Fossil Creek. The limestone-volcanic contact zone, referred to in the text, is in the northeast comer of the survey area.

Appendix A A-13 Victoria Mountain vicinity, SW Vegetation: Areas of dolomite and other calcareous bedrock supported a dryas tundra on the more stable sites flanking ridge and an alpine herb vegetation on the unstable rubble slopes. Dryas octopetala was the dominate species in both Participants: vegetation types; other taxa common in both types • Jim Herriges, BLM, Northern Field Office, Fairbanks included Silene acaulis, Draba palanderiana, Salix • Carolyn Parker, University of Alaska Museum arctica, S. rotundifolia, Phlox a/askensis and Oxytropis Herbarium, Fairbanks bryophila. Greenstone outcrops and slopes supported • David F. Murray, University of Alaska Museum vaccinium tundra that graded to mesic shrub birch­ Herbarium, Fairbanks ericaceous shrub in more protected and moist areas below • Barbara M. Murray, University of Alaska Museum the ridge top. Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium Herbarium, Fairbanks uliginosum, Cassiope tetragona, and Betula glandulosa were common. White spruce woodland ascended to just Dates: 12 June and 15-16 June 1995. All participants below the ridge top on the south-facing side in the moister made a brief visit on 12 June 1995. Herriges and Parker draws. On the north-facing slopes, open tall alder-willow made a traverse on 15 June and spent an additional day at scrub having a herbaceous understory was found just the east end of this area on 16 June 1995. above treeline. Boundaries between vegetation classes were poorly defined along this ridge, possibly due in part Location: The area visited is a portion of an east-west to the variety of mixed bedrock types and to the trending alpine ridge contiguous with Victoria Mountain disturbance caused by weathering and slope processes. (USGS Livengood Quadrangle (D-1) 65°47'N, 147°06.13'W). The ridge is 12 km west of Victoria Floristics: Although species richness was enhanced by Mountain and two km north of the confluence of Willow the diverse substrate and vegetation types found along this and Beaver creeks (Figure A-8). This area is within the ridge, each of the seven taxa noted below and tracked by White Mountains National Recreation Area. the AKNHP was collected from open vegetation growing on limestone and displayed scattered to infrequent Geology: Silurian-Precambrian dolomite is the primary abundance. Douglasia arctica (Figure 6), endemic to East bedrock along this ridge. This exposure is interbedded Beringia, and Festuca lenensis, (Figure 9) a subarctic­ with chert, shales, siltstones, and basaltic greenstone Asian steppe species, are both ranked S2S3. East (Chapman et al. 1971, Weber et al. 1992). These diverse Beringian endemics Erigeron hyperboreus, Eritrichium rock types have created a variety of landscape features splendens, and Oxytropis scammaniana are ranked S3S4. along this ridge line, including shallowly sloped fellfields, Anemone multiceps, a western North American alpine prominent outcrops of resistant rock, and taluses and species, and Artemisia furcata, a Beringian endemic, are block slopes that display various degrees of weathering also ranked S3S4. and stability (Figure A-7). The south-facing slope of the ridge is generally steeper and more fragmented by Conclusions: The concentration of infrequently found outcrops and talus deposits than the north-facing slope. and endemic species on the south-facing, barren and geomorphologically-active limestone portions of this Previous collections: There are no known collections ridge was striking but falls within a pattern detected from this site. Collections from the White Mountains, during this, and similar, floristic surveys. It underscores Mount Schwatka ,and Lime Peak, all within 25 km, are the merit of focusing on sites that are geologically and included or referenced in this report. geomorphologically distinct and that support open, azonal vegetation when searching for rare and sensitive species.

A-14 Appendix A FIGURE A-7. Victoria Mountain vicinty, SW flanking ridge, with view looking to the west. The darker outcrop in the distant right of the photo is basalt. Lighter rocks in foreground are limestone and associated calcareous bedrock types. North-facing slopes are to right. Game trails are visible in the dryas tundra leading up to the basalt outcrop. Photo by Carolyn Parker.

FIGURE A-8. Survey route along ridge southwest of Victoria Mountain. USGS Livengood (D-1) Quadrangle. Victoria Mountain is 10 km to the east. Tributaries on north side of the ridge drain to Victoria Creek, and Beaver Creek drains to the south at bottom of figure.

Appendix A A-15 Species Collected or Observed in Alpine and Subalpine Habitats in Vicinity of Victoria Mountain Acomastylis rossii Epilobium angustifolium Poa porsildii Aconitum delphinifolium Epilobium latifolium Podistera macounii Andromeda polifolia Equisetum arvense Polemonium acutiflorum Androsace chamaejasme Equisetum scirpoides Potentilla biflora Anemone parviflora Equisetum variegatum Potentilla uniflora Anemone multiceps Erigeron humilis Pyrola grandiflora Anemone narcissiflora Erigeron hyperboreus Ranunculus nivalis Anemone richardsonii Erigeron purpuratus Rhododendron lapponicum Antennaria friesiana Eriophorum callitrix Rhodiola integrifolia Arctous rubra Eritrichium aretioides Rumex acetosa Amica griscomii ssp. frigida Eutrema edwardsii Salix alaxensis Artemisia arctica Festuca altaica Salix arctica Artemisia furcata Festuca brachyphylla Salix brachyphylla ssp. niphoclada Astragalus aboriginum Festuca 'vivipara' Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra Astragalus umbellatus Gastrolychnis apetala Salix reticulata Betula glandulosa Gentiana glauca Salix rotundifolia Bistorta plumosa Gentiana prostrata Saxifraga bronchialis Bistorta vivipara Gentianella propinqua Saxifraga caespitosa Boykinia richardsonii Gymnocarpium dryopteris Saxifraga cemua Bupleurum triradiatum Hedysarum alpinum Saxifraga flagellaris Calamagrostis purpurascens Hedysarum mackenzii Saxifraga hieracifolia Campanula uniflora Hierochloe alpina Saxifraga hirculus Cardamine bellidifolia Huperzia selago Saxifraga nelsoniana Cardamine purpurea Lagotis glauca Saxifraga nivalis Carex capillaris Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens Saxifraga oppositifolia Carex glacialis Lloydia serotina Saxifraga reflexa Carex nardina Lupinus arcticus Saxifraga rivularis Carex petricosa Luzula wahlenbergii Saxifraga spicata Carex podocarpa Lycopodium annotinum Saxifraga tricuspidata Carex scirpoidea Mertensia paniculata SelagineJla sibirica Cassiope tetragona Minuartia arctica Senecio atropurpureus Castilleja hyperborea Minuartia elegans Senecio kjellmanii Cerastium beeringianum Minuartia rossii Senecio lugens Chrysanthemum integrifolium Myosotis alpestris Senecio resedifolius Claytonia tuberosa Novosieversia glacialis Silene acaulis Corydalis pauciflora Oxyria digyna Solidago multiradiata Cystopteris fragilis Oxytropis bryophila Stellaria edwardsii Cystopteris montana Oxytropis maydelliana Stellaria laeta Delphinium glaucum Oxytropis scammaniana Synthyris borealis Diapensia lapponica Oxytropis viscida Taraxacum ceratophorum Dodecatheon frigidum Papaver lapponicum Thalictrum alpinum Douglasia arctica Papaver macounii Tofieldia coccinea Draba fladnizensis Parrya nudicaulis Torularia humilis Draba glabella Pedicularis capitata Trisetum spicatum Draba lactea Pedicularis lanata Vaccinium uliginosum Draba lonchocarpa Pedicularis langsdorffii Vaccinium vitis-idaea Draba longipes Pedicularis oederi Valeriana capitata Draba ruaxes Pedicularis verticillata Viola biflora Dryas alaskensis Pentaphylloides floribunda Woodsia glabella Dryas integrifolia Petasites frigidus Dryas octopetala Phlox alaxensis Empetrum hermaphroditum Poa arctica

A-16 Appendix A East and West Crazy Mountains throughout the area and are a conspicuous element within the otherwise weathered, rounded landscape (Figure A-9). Participants: Jim Herriges, BLM, Northern Field Office, Fairbanks Previous Collections: None known. • John Cook, BLM, Northern Field Office, Fairbanks • Alan Batten, University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, Vegetation: Dryas tundra was characteristic of windswept Fairbanks ridges and well-drained alpine slopes on acidic substrates • Carolyn Parker, University of Alaska Museum in the Crazy Mountains. The soil was thin and rocky, and Herbarium, Fairbanks vegetation cover ranged from sparse to nearly continuous. Vegetation classes included dryas-sedge tundra on Dates: 17 - 23 June 1995. calcareous sites, outcrop and scree vegetation on steeper or rockier sites, and low shrub tundra on more sheltered Location: The Crazy Mountains are isolated, low sites. Dryas octopetala was commonly the dominant northern outliers of the Y-T Uplands. The Preacher Creek plant, but D. integrifolia was present and occasionally the valley separates them into two isolated uplands: the West dominant or codominant species. A wide variety of Crazy Mountains and the East Crazy Mountains. The species were associated with Dryas. Some of the most highest elevations in the West Crazy Mountains are common included Anemone narcissiflora, Arctous rubra, slightly over 1070 m (3500 ft). The area covered most Carex microchaeta, Festuca altaica, Hierochloe alpina, intensively in this survey was VABM Wolf, and the ridges Oxytropis maydelliana, Pedicularis lanata, and Salix leading toward the east, west and south (Figure A-11 ). phlebophylla. Brief stops were also made at outcrops to the west and Dryas-sedge tundra, a sedge-rich variant of dryas south, and a steep south-facing bluff above Preacher tundra, commonly occurred on calcareous slopes. On Creek (Figure A-12) were also made. All sites are located strongly calcareous substrates the usual dominant was on USGS Circle (D-4 and D-5) Quadrangles. The outcrop Dryas alaskensis, though on outcrops and very thin dry west ofVABM Wolf was visited briefly by Carolyn soils it was often D. integrifolia. More weakly calcareous Parker on 17 June. All other sites were visited by slopes were often codominated by both D. integrifolia and Herriges, Batten and Cook. D. octopetala. Common sedges codominant with Dryas in The highest elevation in the East Crazy Mountains is this vegetation were Carex capillaris, C. rupestris, C. VABM Crazy at 1136 m (3725 ft). The area surveyed scirpoidea and C. supina ssp. spaniocarpa. Other included a short visit to VABM Rock and vicinity (USGS common species included Androsace chamaejasme, Circle (C-3), 65°44'N, 145°11 'W) on 20 June by Herriges, Astragalus umbellatus, Cypripedium passerinum, Batten and Cook; the area around VABM Craz (USGS Potentilla uniflora, Rhododendron lapponicum, Salix Circle (C-3), 65°42'N, 145°05'W) was surveyed from 20 - reticulata, Senecio resedifolius and Tofieldia pusilla. 22 June by Herriges and Batten (Figure A-10). Though vegetation on screes and outcrops was sparse, species diversity was often high on these sites. Common Geology: The Crazy Mountains is the only site in this species on acidic rocks included Aconitum delphinifolium, survey north of the Tintina Fault Zone. This is a major Arnica griscomii ssp. frigida, Minuartia arctica, east-west trending fault system that extends through the Saxifraga rejlexa, and S. tricuspidata. Limestone outcrops Y-T Uplands and separates rocks of vastly different and screes commonly supported Anemone drummondii, composition, age and history. Bupleurum triradiatum, Calamagrostis purpurascens, In the West Crazy Mountains, bedrock in the vicinity Campanula aurita, Cystopteris fragilis, Lloydia serotina, ofVABM Wolf consisted of Paleozoic chert pebble and Potentilla hookeriana. conglomerate. Scattered, small outcroppings of slightly Sheltered slopes with deeper soils supported low metamorphosed limestone occur, and two of these shrub tundra. These sites ranged from mesic to wet, outcroppings were visited. Bedrock underlying the depending on slope, aspect and drainage. Common Preacher Creek bluff site is mapped as Paleozoic chert, dominant shrubs included Betula g/and:ulosa, B. nana, conglomerate, and limestone (Foster et al. 1983). Salix glauca, and S. planifolia ssp. pulchra , all growing In the East Crazy Mountains, VABM Rock is composed 20-50 cm tall. Other common species included Carex of highly resistant Mesozoic volcanic intrusive rocks of bigelowii, Empetrum hermaphroditum, Festuca a/taica, the Circle Volcanics group. The bedrock ofVABM Craz ledum palustre ssp. decumbens, Pedicularis labradorica, and vicinity consists ofargillite, grit, and quartzite (Foster and Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Feather mosses and foliose and et al. 1983). Metamorphosed limestone (marble) fruticose lichens were common. Eriophorum vaginatum outcroppings are exposed in scattered localities was present at one poorly drained site.

Appendix A A-17 Open alder thickets were found on poorly drained with a collection from near Central, documents a north slopes at lower, subalpine elevations. These open northward range extension within the Y-T Uplands. stands were dominated by combinations of A/nus vividus Penstemon gormanii was also common on the steppe ssp. crispa, Betula glandulosa, Salix glauca and S. bluff. This collection marks a minor range extension to planifolia ssp. pulchra, all growing 0.5-1.5 m tall. the northwest within the Y-T Uplands for this East Dominant understory species on the wet hummocky Beringian endemic. It has also been collected at Circle substrate included Carex bigelowii, Empetrum Hot Springs, the Steese Highway near Lower Birch Creek, hermaphroditum and Cassiope tetragona. Other common and Crooked Creek near Central (ALA). species were Calamagrostis canadensis, Eriophorum Potentilla pensylvanica occurred at the Preacher vaginatum, feather mosses, Ledum palustre ssp. Creek steppe bluff. This is a substantial northwestward decumbens, Rubus chamaemorus, Sphagnum spp., and range extension within the Y-T Uplands relative to Hulten Vaccinium vitis-idaea. (1968). The species was also collected from Puzzle Gulch A steep south slope above a meander of Preacher (South Fork Birch Creek) and Big Windy Hot Springs Creek supported an island of subarctic steppe vegetation. (this report). Calamagrostis purpurascens, Erigeron caespitosus, and Carex rupestris was found on dry, calcareous slopes Pulsatilla patens dominated this site. Other species and outcrop crevices. This circumpolar species is fairly present were Androsace septentrionalis, Artemisia common in interior mountain ranges throughout the state, frigida, Carex supina, Dryopterisfragrans, Pentstemon but only one collection is noted between the Yukon and gormanii, Poa glauca, Potentilla hookeriana, P Tanana rivers in Hulten ( 1968). This survey documented pensylvanica, Saxifraga re.flexa, Selaginella sibirica, the species on calcareous substrates at both Mount Si/ene repens and Solidago multiradiata. Schwatka and South Fork Birch Creek. Oxytropis splendens was growing in crevices on a Floristics: Campanula aurita, listed S3, was found on limestone outcrop. Although Hulten (1968) does not ledges and crevices in calcareous outcrops in the East indicate this species as occurring in the Y-T Uplands, Crazy Mountains. This and a collection from Mount ALA collections document it from the Taylor Highway, Schwatka (this survey) are the only records of this middle Yukon River valley, and Delta Junction area. Our species from the western Y-T Uplands. collection had yellow flowers with bluish keels; however, Douglasia gormanii, an East Beringian endemic listed both blue-flowered and yellow-flowered specimens have S2S3, grew on screes and windswept ridge crests in the been assigned to this species. vicinity ofVABM Wolf in the West Crazy Mountains. This species is also documented for the Y-T Uplands at Conclusions: The East and West Crazy Mountains are ALA by specimens from Eagle Summit and off the Elliott lower in elevation than most of the other sites visited Highway. during this survey, and even the highest summits are not The following taxa are not listed by AKNHP, but their far above treeline. A true alpine flora was not found; occurrence in the Y-T Uplands merits floristic comment. however, the numerous marble outcroppings, which were Artemisiafrigida was present on a subarctic steppe more abundant in the West Crazy Mountains, did support bluff above Preacher Creek. This is a small northward several alpine and calciphilous species, significantly range extension within the Y-T Uplands for this species, enriching the local flora. which characteristically grows on steep, dry, south-facing The bluff above Preacher Creek supported a subarctic slopes and outcrops. Other localities in the western Y-T steppe element that included Artemisiafrigida, Erigeron uplands documented at ALA include Manley Hot Springs caespitosa, Pulsatilla patens and Penstemon gormanii, all and the Central-Circle area. species that were not encountered elsewhere in the survey. Erigeron caespitosus was one of the dominant plants on the Preacher Creek steppe bluff. This specimen, along

A-18 Appendix A Species Collected or Observed in Alpine and Subalpine Habitats in the o{East and West Cra..ry Mountains Androsace chamaejasme Minuartia arctica Anemone drummondii Minuartia rubella Anemone narcissiflora Myosotis alpestris Anemone parviflora Oxyria digyna Anemone richardsonii Oxytropis borealis Arctous rubra Oxytropis bryophila Amica griscomii ssp. frigida Oxytropis campestris Artemisia arctica Oxytropis scammaniana Artemisia furcata Papaver lapponicum Artemisia tilesii Parrya nudicaulis Astragalus aboriginum Pedicularis capitata Astragalus umbellatus Pedicularis oederi Betula glandulosa Phlox alaskensis Bupleurum triradiatum Platanthera obtusata Carex bigelowii Poa arctica Carex misandra Polemonium acutiflorum Carex nardina Polemonium boreale Cassiope tetragona Potentilla uniflora Castilleja caudata Rubus chamaemorus Corallorrhiza trifida Salix arctica Cystopteris fragilis Salix brachycarpa ssp. niphoclada Delphinium glaucum Salix reticulata Douglasia arctica Salix rotundifolia Draba cana Saxifraga hirculus Draba fladnizensis Saxifraga oppositifolia Draba glabella Saxifraga reflexa Draba palanderiana Saxifraga tricuspidata Dryas alaxensis Senecio tundricola Dryas octopetala Shepherdia canadensis Dryopteris fragrans Silene acaulis Empetrum hermaphroditum Solidago multiradiata Epilobium latifolium Spiraea stevenii Equisetum arvense Taraxacum ceratophorum Erigeron hyperboreus Tofieldia coccinea Eritrichium aretioides Torularia humilis Eritrichium splendens Vaccinium uliginosum Festuca altaica Vaccinium vitis-idaea Festuca lenensis Valeriana capitata Gastrolychnis ostenfeldii Viola biflora Lesquerella arctica Woodsia glabella Loiseleuria procumbens Zygadenus elegans Lupinus arcticus Mertensia paniculata var. alaskana

Appendix A A-19 FIGURE A-9. Ridgetop and marble outcrop in the West Crazy Mountains. Treeline reaches to just below the ridgetops throughout most of the East and West Crazy Mountains. Scattered marble outcrops and barren, rounded summits characterize the subalpine landscape. Photo by Alan Batten.

FIGURE A-10. Survey routes in the East Crazy Mountains. USGS Circle (C-3). The survey focused on the vicinity of VABM Craz and VABM Rock.

A-20 Appendix A FIGURE A-11. Survey routes and two isolated survey sites in the West Crazy Mountains. USGS Circle (D-5). Base Camp is 1 mile west of VABM Wolf.

FIGURE A-12. Additional survey area on bluff near Preacher Creek in the West Crazy Mountains. USGS Circle (D-4).

Appendix A A-21 South Fork Birch Creek have experienced local glaciation during the early Pleistocene (F. Weber, pers. comm.). Participants: • Jim Herriges, BLM, Northern Field Office, Fairbanks Previous collections: None known. · Carolyn Parker, University of Alaska Museum Vegetation: The most prevalent alpine vegetation on the Herbarium, Fairbanks ridgetops graded from dryas-dwarf shrub tundra in drier • Alan Batten, University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, areas to dryas-sedge dwarf shrub tundra on more mesic Fairbanks sites. Dryas octopetala was dominant on the drier sites, Dates: 2-11 July 1996 while D. alaxensis and D. integrifolia appeared, respectively, as soil moisture increased in swales and on Locations: The South Fork Birch Creek valley and its lower slopes. Moist snow flushes and gelifluction slopes tributaries drain the eastern portion of the southwest supported a mixed herb meadow including Festuca comer of the Steese National Conservation Area (SNCA). altaica, Poa arctica, Carex podocarpa, Artemisia arctica, Three base camp sites were selected for their potential and Dryas alaxensis. Widely scattered shrub Salix ssp. floristic diversity based on aerial photographs and appear with increased moisture availability and decreased geologic maps. The 3 sites were as follows: exposure on lower slopes. Alpine herbs grew on rock outcrops, rubble slopes, and similar unstable and rock­ 1. Ridges above the headwaters of Caribou Creek (USGS dominated sites. Circle Quadrangle (A-1) 65°07'N, 144°03'W). A west to east ridge top traverse from 144°15'N to 144°03'W Floristics: The East Beringian endemic Poa porsildii, was made 2 July. Two additional days (3-4 July) were ranked S2, (see White Mountains section, this report) was spent within 4 km of base camp (Figures A-13 and found in the area of each base camp growing in moist, A-16). herbaceous habitats such as north facing snowflush 2. Ridges above the headwaters of the Yukon Fork of the meadows, the lower margins and tops of gelifluction South Fork (USGS Charley River Quadrangle (A-6) lobes, and moist depressions within dryas-sedge dwarf 65°09'N, 143°42'W). A ridge top traverse was made shrub tundra. Species abundance was scattered to 5 July from the alpine ridges above the headwaters of common at all sites. Male plants were in full flower, while Alder Creek (E of Peak 5580, 65°12'N, 143°48'W) to most female plants were past full flowering at the time of base camp. Two additional days (6-7 July) were spent our visit. Taxa consistently associated with Poa porsildii on ridges and saddles north and southwest of this base included Festuca altaica, Poa arctica, Carex podocarpa, camp (Figures A-14 and A-16). Salix reticulata, S. arctica, Dryas alaskensis, and mosses. 3. Ridges between Puzzle Gulch and Big Windy Creek In contrast to its rare occurrence in the White Mountains (USGS Circle Quadrangle (A-1 and A-2) 65°11'N, to the west, Poa porsildii appeared to be widespread and 144°3 l'W). Ridges and outcrops within 4 km of base well-established here. camp were visited 8-11 July (Figures A-15 and A-17 ). Phlox hoodii, ranked SIS2, (Figure 3) was found growing on a dry, south facing outcrop within white Geology: Paleozoic pelitic schist is the country rock spruce forest at the very head of Yukon Fork South Fork throughout this area. lnterbedded marbles, and volcanic Creek approximately 3 km SW of the second base camp. and granitic intrusions, along with their associated contact Only one of the several large outcrops exposed on this zone rocks, are common (Foster et al. 1983, F. Weber, forested slope was visited. It supported several species pers. comm.). These weather-resistant rock units have characteristic of dry graminoid vegetation, including produced conspicuous outcrops and tors that are scattered Calamagrostis purpurascens, Elytrigia spicata, Oxytropis across an otherwise rolling, upland landscape. Numerous campestris, Carex petricosa, Saxifraga tricuspidata, as marble and volcanic outcrops are exposed along the well as the East Beringian endemic Minuartia yukonensis, ridgetops of the Caribou Creek and Yukon Fork which is ranked S3 by AKNHP. headwaters. Highly metamorphized contact zone rock has Minuartia biflora was found growing on moist soil in created vertical cliffs, spires, and rubble slopes, an east-facing draw 1.5 km east of the base camp above essentially a badlands topography, on two ridges west of Caribou Creek. This rare circumpolar species is ranked Puzzle Gulch (F. Weber, pers. comm.). There are small S2, and the collection represents a 125 km northeast range alpine glacial cirques on the north facing side of the extension within the Y-T Uplands. highest ridge line on the north side of the Yukon Fork Oxytropis hudd/esonii, (Figure I 0) an East Beringian headwaters (Pewe et al 1967), and some of this area may endemic ranked S2S3, was found growing in dryas tundra at the base of a ridge top marble tor in the Yukon Fork

A-22 Appendix A South Fork headwaters. This collection is the first for the and Novosieversia glacialis. A westward range extension Y-T Uplands west of the Boundary-Jack Wade area. The of 175 km was recorded for Ranunculus pedatifidus. circumpolar fern Cystoperis montana, ranked S3, was The large rock outcrops near Puzzle Gulch showed found growing along the moist, herbaceous margin of a evidence of intense use by Dall sheep and the sheltered gelifluction lobe in the same area. sites adjacent to these outcrops supported the lush, Several populations of Montia bostockii, ranked S3, herbaceous, species-rich vegetation that is characteristic (Figure 11) were located in the area of each base camp. of areas highly used by sheep. Taxa found here that were Previously unknown from the central Y-T Uplands, this not found elsewhere during the survey of this region narrowly restricted East Beringian endemic is known included Draba nemorosa, Viola biflora, Botrychium from the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains, one site in the lunaria, Kobresia myosuroides, Erigeron grandijlorus, central Brooks Range, and from a site near Boundary. At and Ranunculus pedatifidus. all sites where it was found during this survey, plants were rooted in open patches of moist to wet moss in heath­ Conclusions: This area, which was botanically unknown hummock or herbaceous heath tundra on gentle slopes prior to our survey, is now documented as supporting and swales. Claytonia tuberosa was also found in several well established populations of two rare taxa. Poa identical habitats, but the two taxa were seldom growing porsildii, considered very rare and only previously known in close proximity. Species commonly associated with within the Y-T Uplands from the Lime Peak, the White Montia bostockii include Eriophorum angustifolium, Mountains area, and Eagle Summit, was found frequently, Carex podocarpa, Salix polaris, S. arctica, S. reticulata, and often in abundance, in this area. It has also recently Dryas alaskensis, and Poa porsildii. Heath tussocks, been recorded as well-established in the Ogilvie when part of the habitat, were dominated by Ledum Mountains in eastern interior Alaska (Parker 1997, Cook palustre ssp. decumbens, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and V et al. 1993) and Yukon Territory, Canada ( Cody 1994 ). uliginosum. Population size ranged from several to over Montia bostockii, not previously known from the central two hundred individual plants and the taxon appeared to uplands, was also found frequently and populations be well-established. generally consisted of several to over 200 plants. This is Additional East Beringian endemics found in this area currently the only area within Alaska where both of these and ranked S3S4 were Anemone drummondii, Erigeron taxa are known to be in such relative abundance. hyperboreus, Oxytropis scammaniana, Salix chamissonis, A total of 15 taxa being tracked by the Alaska Natural and Synthyris borealis. Taxa having the same ranking, but Heritage Program and listed SI to S3S4 were documented a broader range of distribution include Draba from this area. Although rock dominated habitats (tors, jladnizensis, Oxytropis mertensiana, and Woodsia outcrops, screes) and areas highly used by sheep were ilvensis. very diverse floristically, no single habitat type supported Our collections of Carex marina, Draba nemorosa, a majority of the sensitive species recorded. The 5 new and Erigeron grandiflorus represent first records for these records for the Yukon-Tanana Uplands, and the 9 range taxa in the Y-T Uplands. Eastward range extensions extensions of greater than 100 km, add significantly to our within the uplands of approximately 130 km were knowledge of the flora of this region. documented for Salix chamissonis, Carex chordorrhiza,

FIGURE A-13. Ridges between Caribou Creek and Saleha River valley. Dryas-dwarf shrub tundra covers the dry ridge tops. Marbleized outcrops in background support scattered alpine herbs. Photo by Carolyn Parker.

Appendix A A-23 Species Collected or Observed in Alpine and Subalpine Habitats in the Vicinity ofSouth Fork Birch Creek Acomastylis rossii Carex podocarpa Gastrolychnis apetala Aconitum delphinifolium Carex rupestris Gentiana algida Adoxa moschatellina Carex scirpoidea Gentiana prostrata Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Carex vaginata Gentianella propinqua Andromeda polifolia Cassiope tetragona Geocaulon lividum Androsace chamaejasme Castilleja elegans Hedysarum alpinum Androsace septentrionalis Castilleja hyperborea Hierochloe alpina Anemone drummondii Cerastium beeringianum Huperzia selago Anemone narcissitlora Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Juncus biglumis Anemone parvitlora Claytonia sarmentosa Juncus triglumis Anemone richardsonii Claytonia tuberosa Juniperus communis Antennaria friesiana Corallorrhiza trifida Kobresia myosuroides Antennaria monocephala Corydalis paucitlora Kobresia sibirica Arctagrostis latifolia Crepis nana Kobresia simpliciuscula Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Cystopteris fragilis Lagotis glauca Arctous alpina Cystopteris montana Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens Arctous rubra Delphinium glaucum Linnaea borealis Amica griscomii ssp. frigida Descurainia sophioides Lloydia serotina Amica lessingii Diapensia lapponica Loiseleuria procumbens Artemisia alaskana Dodecatheon frigidum Lupinus arcticus Artemisia arctica Draba alpina Luzula arcuata Artemisia borealis Draba cana Luzula confusa Artemisia tilesii Draba tladnizensis Luzula multitlora Astragalus aboriginum Draba longipes Luzula parvitlora Astragalus alpinus Draba nemorosa Luzula wahlenbergii Astragalus umbellatus Draba palanderiana Lycopodium alpinum Betula glandulosa Dryas alaskensis Lycopodium annotinum Betula hybrids Dryas integrifolia Lycopodium clavatum Betula nana Dryas octopetala Lycopodium complanatum Bistorta plumosa Dryopteris fragrans Mertensia paniculata Bistorta vivipara Elymus trachycaulus Minuartia arctica Boschniakia rossica Elytrigia spicata Minuartia bitlora Botrychium lunaria Empetrum hermaphroditum Minuartia macrocarpa Boykinia richardsonii Epilobium angustifolium Minuartia rossii Bromopsis pumpelliana ssp. arctica Epilobium latifolium Minuartia rubella Bupleurum triradiatum Equisetum arvense Minuartia yukonensis Calamagrostis purpurascens Equisetum pratense Moehringia lateritlora Campanula lasiocarpa Equisetum scirpoides Montia bostockii Campanula unitlora Equisetum variegatum Myosotis alpestris Cardamine bellidifolia Erigeron granditlorus Novosieversia glacialis Cardamine purpurea Erigeron humilis Oxyria digyna Carex aquatilis Erigeron hyperboreus Oxytropis borealis Carex atrofusca Eriophorum angustifolium Oxytropis bryophila Carex bigelowii Eriophorum callitrix Oxytropis campestris Carex capillaris Eriophorum scheuchzeri Oxytropis huddelsonii Carex chordorrhiza Eriophorum vaginatum Oxytropis maydelliana Carex lachenalii Eritrichium aretioides Oxytropis mertensiana Carex marina Eutrema edwardsii Oxytropis scammaniana Carex membranacea Festuca altaica Papaver macounii Carex microchaeta Festuca brachyphylla Pamassia kotzebuei Carex misandra Festuca rubra Parrya nudicaulis Carex petricosa Gastrolychnis affinis Pedicularis albolabiata

A-24 Appendix A Pedicularis capitata Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra Pedicularis interior Salix polaris Pedicularis labradorica Salix reticulata Pedicularis lanata Salix rotundifolia Pedicularis langsdorffii Saussurea angustifolia Pedicularis oederi Saxifraga bronchialis Pentaphylloides floribunda Saxifraga calycina Petasites frigidus Saxifraga cemua Petasites nivalis Saxifraga flagellaris Phlox hoodii Saxifraga hieracifolia Pinguicula villosa Saxifraga hirculus Poa arctica Saxifraga nelsoniana Poa glauca Saxifraga oppositifolia Poa paucispicula Saxifraga reflexa Poa porsildii Saxifraga tricuspidata Podistera macounii Selaginella sibirica Polemonium acutiflorum Senecio atropurpureus Polemonium pulcherrimum Senecio kjellmanii Polygonum alaskanum Senecio lugens Potentilla biflora Senecio ogotorukensis Potentilla elegans Senecio resedifolius Potentilla hookeriana Senecio tundricola Potentilla cf. nivea Senecio yukonensis Potentilla pensylvanica Shepherdia canadensis Potentilla uniflora Sibbaldia procumbens Primula eximia Silene acaulis Pyrola grandiflora Silene repens Pyrola minor Silene williamsii Ranunculus eschscholtzii Solidago multiradiata Ranunculus nivalis Spiraea stevenii Ranunculus pedatifidus ssp. affinis Stellaria edwardsii Ranunculus pygmaeus Stellaria longipes Rhodiola integrifolia Synthyris borealis Rhododendron lapponicum Taraxacum alaskanum Rosa acicularis Taraxacum ceratophorum Rubus chamaemorus Thalictrum alpinum Rumex arcticus Tofieldia coccinea Salix alaxensis Tofieldia pusilla Salix arbusculoides Tomlaria humilis Salix arctica Trisetum spicatum Salix chamissonis Vaccinium uliginosum Salix glauca Vaccinium vitis-idaea Salix lanata ssp. richardsonii Valeriana capitata Salix phlebophylla Viola biflora

Appendix A A-25 FIGURE A-14. Ridge above headwaters of the Yukon Fork South Fork Birch Creek. The primary vegetation is dryas-sedge dwarf shrub tundra. The dry area immediately around and on marble outcrop in foreground is dryas-dwarf shrub and alpine herbs. Photo by Alan Batten.

FIGURE A-15. Puzzle Gulch site within the South Fork Birch Creek study area. Photo by Carolyn Parker.

A-26 Appendix A FIGURE A-16. Survey routes and base camp at the headwaters of Caribou Creek, a tributary of South Fork Birch Creek. USGS Circle (A- 1 ). The east-west trending ridge system is the divide between Saleha River to the south and Birch Creek.

FIGURE A-17. Survey routes at the headwaters of Yukon Fork South Fork Birch Creek. USGS Charley River (A-6) Quadrangle. Woodchopper Creek headwaters are at upper right.

Appendix A A-27 FIGURE A-18. Survey routes in the Puzzle Gulch area. USGS Circle (A-1 and A-2) Quadrangle. The main stem of Big Windy Creek is in the upper left with Puzzle Gulch in the lower right. Base camp is 5.5. km south of Big Windy Hot Springs.

A-28 Appendix A Big Windy Hot Springs Research dominated by Swida stolonifera, Rosa acicularis and A/nus viridis ssp. crispa to an open meadow dominated by Natural Area Phalaris arundinacea, Equisetum arvense, Eleocharis palustris and other herbs. Flowing and ponded water Participants: (both cool ground water and hot springs) and travertine • Jim Herriges, BLM, Northern Field Office, Fairbanks deposits were found scattered throughout the meadow and • Carolyn Parker, University of Alaska Museum forest margin. The granite headwall above the springs Herbarium, Fairbanks supported small patches of Populus tremuloides and P • Glenn P. Juday, Forest Sciences, University of Alaska, balsamifera along with some floristic elements of dry Fairbanks graminoid vegetation. The few seeps on the south bank of . Susan Willsrud, Natural Resource Management, the creek lay mostly within the lush understory of a closed University of Alaska, Fairbanks white spruce-paper birch forest. One small pond and a sparsely vegetated seepage slope on the south bank of Big Dates: 12-14 July 1996 Windy Creek formed a forest gap that was highly disturbed by concentrated moose and Dall sheep activity. Location: Big Windy Hot Springs (USGS Circle Quadrangle (A-1 and A-2): 65°13.653'N, 144°30.14'W) is Floristics: Although only one sensitive taxa was found, located on Big Windy Creek, a tributary of South Fork the small area adjacent to the hot springs supported Birch Creek 29 km south of Circle Hot Springs (Figure several floristic anomalies. Phalaris arundinacea, Reed A-20). The springs are within Big Windy Hot Springs Canary grass, ranked S3 by the AKNHP, dominated the Research Natural Area (RNA), a 160-acre reserve meadow and is ca. 800 km disjunct from its temperate­ established in 1986, and within the Steese National southern boreal contiguous range of distribution. It has Conservation Area (SNCA). This survey focused on the also been found at Kanuti Hot Springs (66°21 'N, area immediately adjacent to the springs, which are 150°5l'W; ALA collections) and has been observed at potentially affected by the year-round flow of ground and Tolovana Hot Springs (65°16'N, 148°52'W; C. Parker, surface water. pers. obser.), two similarly disjunct hot springs sites in interior Alaska. Other taxa found here and common to Geology and Hydrology: Waters of Big Windy Hot moist, herbaceous sites that have widely fragmented Springs flow along both banks of a small stream cutting distributions in interior Alaska include Ranunculus through the steep-walled valley of Big Windy Creek cymbalaria, Puccinellia borealis, and Circaea alpina. The (Figure A-19). The hot springs originates at the northwest very limited area at the top edge of the granite headwall margin of a Tertiary-aged granitic pluton that intrudes into supported several steppe vegetation elements including the pelitic schist and quartzite country rock (Foster et al. Poa glauca, Calamagrostis purpurascens, Artemisia 1983 ). Low levels of diffuse flow of both hot and cold alaskana, Arabis divaricarpa, Potentilla pensylvanica water emerge from the granitic headwalls and among the and Halimolobus mollis. This headwall area showed boulders lining the creek, as well as from the base of the evidence of frequent use by Dall sheep as a bedding site. granite headwall on the north bank. Small travertine The patches of Thelypteris phegopteris, the northern deposits are found on many rock surfaces and on the more beech fem, and the scattered occurrence of Viola renifolia level portions of the northwest bank of the creek. The in the moist, shady forest understory on the south bank of occurrence of mineral deposits on rock and ground the creek represent moderate northward range extensions surfaces not currently washed by water, and the of ca. 200 km for both taxa. A previous record for the observations of one participant who had visited this site occurrence of Athyrium filix-femina (Juday 1985) was not previously, suggest flow has been reduced significantly confirmed. since 1982 (Juday, pers. comm.). Conclusions: Within a very small area od approximately Previous collections: Glenn Juday made collections one hectare (2 acres), Big Windy Hot Springs supports during reconnaissance visits in 1982 and 1987 (Juday several vascular plant taxa that display widely fragmented 1985, 1998). His collections are included in the species distributions, are widely disjunct from their contiguous list below and are held at ALA. range, or represent steppe and meadow vegetation types. Evidence for frequent use as a mineral lick by Dall sheep Vegetation: The local vegetation was closed white and moose includes trails, hair, fresh tracks and bedding spruce-paper birch forest. On the north bank in the sites. A group of 17 ewes and lambs descended from the vicinity of the springs, the vegetation graded from open alpine ridge to the southeast, but retreated when they mixed white spruce-paper birch with a shrub understory detected our presence at the springs. Small mammal

Appendix A A-29 trapping in the meadow and forest margin yielded eight ability of plants and small mammals, and possibly to their specimens of the water shrew (Sorex palustris), persistence as relict elements of an earlier time. Future representing a northern record for this species (Cook et al. management decisions need to consider the enriched 1997). species diversity and concentrated animal activity level at Although the immediate area of the hot springs is this highly restricted site, which would be quickly and small, it is currently a focal point for wildlife activity in adversely impacted by any increase in disturbance above the region. Big Windy Hot Springs offers an impressive the current level of very rare visitation. testimony to the potential dispersal and establishment

FIGURE A-19. Big Windy Hot Springs. View looking southwest up Big Windy Creek. Phalaris arundinacea meadow and granitic boulders are in foreground. Photo by Carolyn Parker.

FIGURE A-20. Boundary of Big Windy Hot Springs Research Natural Area and the smaller survey area within it. USGS Circle (A-1 & A-2) Quadrangle. Circle Hot Springs is 29 km northward. The springs are adjacent to both banks of Big Windy Creek immediately downstream from the small, unnamed northwest-flowing tributary. Survey was restricted to the area immediately adjacent to the springs.

A-30 Appendix A Species Collected or Observed in Alpine and Subalpine Habitats in Vicinity o(Big Windy Hot Springs Achillea sibirica Huperzia selago Aconitum delphinifolium Juncus bufonius Actaea rubra Juncus castaneus Adoxa moschatellina Juniperus communis Agrostis mertensii Lycopodium annotinum Agrostis scabra Mertensia paniculata Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Minuartia rubella Arabis divaricarpa Moehringia lateriflora Arabis hirsuta Pamassia kotzebuei Artemisia alaskana Pamassia palustris Artemisia tilesii Phalaris arundinacea Aster sibiricus Poa alpigena Betula papyrifera Poa glauca Bistorta vivipara Poa pratensis Bromopsis pumpelliana ssp. arctica Polygonum alaskanum Calamagrostis canadensis Populus balsamifera Calamagrostis lapponica Populus tremuloides Calamagrostis purpurascens Potentilla pensylvanica Carex capillaris Puccinellia borealis Carex media Puccinellia interior Chenopodium album Pyrola asarifolia Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Ranunculus cymbalaria Circaea alpina Ranunculus hyperboreus Comus canadensis Rhodiola integrifolia Cystopteris fragilis Ribes lacustre Delphinium glaucum Ribes triste Dryopteris expansa Rosa acicularis Dryopteris fragrans Rubus idaeus Eleocharis palustris Salix alaxensis Elymus macrourus Salix bebbiana Elymus trachycaulus Saxifraga nelsoniana Elymus trachycaulus ssp. major Saxifraga tricuspidata Elymus trachycaulus ssp. novae-angliae Senecio pauciflorus Elymus trachycaulus ssp. violaceus Shepherdia canadensis Epilobium ciliatum ssp. adenocaulon Solidago multiradiata Epilobium angustifolium Stellaria calycantha Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum Swida stolonifera Epilobium homemannii Taraxacum ceratophorum Equisetum arvense Thelypteris phegopteris Erigeron acris Trientalis europaea Erysimum cheiranthoides Trisetum spicatum Galium boreale Vaccinium uliginosum Gentianella propinqua Viburnum edule Gymnocarpium dryopteris Viola biflora Halimolobus mollis Viola renifolia Hedysarum alpinum Wilhelmsia physodes Hierochloe odorata

Appendix A A-31 Mount Prindle vicinity creeks have been made over the years by G. Halliday, V. Johnson, D. F. Murray, G. Smith, J. N. Trent, and R. W. Participants: Weeden and are held at ALA . • Jim Herriges, BLM Northern Field Office, Fairbanks • Alan Batten, University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, Vegetation: The vegetation was similar to that described Fairbanks for Lime Peak in this report. Primary vegetation types • Vicki DeGuenther, BLM Northern Field Office, included alpine herb-heath tundra, Salix planifolia-Betula Fairbanks glandulosa shrub thickets, wet sedge meadows, and sparsely vegetated screes. Dates: 12-14 July 1994 Floristics: Draba densifolia , listed S 1, (Figure 2) was Location: Mount Prindle is one of the highest peaks in collected on windswept screes of decomposed granite. the Yukon-Tanana Uplands at 1611 m (5286 ft) elevation. This species is locally abundant in the western Y-T It is 25 km southeast of Lime Peak and connected to it by Uplands on barren windswept ridges having a substrates a high ridge (Figure A-22). Access to the area is via a of sandy, decomposed granite, but it was less common on gravel road into Nome Creek from the Steese Highway Mount Prindle than on Lime Peak, the other documented and from there, on foot. The Mount Prindle summit area locality in this survey. (USGS Circle (B-5) Quadrangle 65°27'N, 146°28'W) and Minuartia biflora, listed S2, was found at the base of the headwaters of Champion Creek (USGS Circle (B-6) a large tor on a south-facing slope. The only additional Quadrangle) 65°26'50'N, 146°31'W) were visited on 13 collections for the Y-T Uplands are just south of Mt. July. The headwaters area of Nome Creek (Circle (B-6) Prindle in the headwaters of Sourdough Creek (Halliday, 65°25'N, 146°33'20'W) downstream to the tailings and ALA) and South Fork Birch Creek (this report). the BLM reclamation (Circle (B-6) 65°22'N, Ranunculus glacialis var. camissonis, listed S2, (Figure 146°35'30"W) were traversed on 14 July. 5) was collected in a wet basin surrounded by Carex bigelowii mounds in the upper Champion Creek drainage. Geology: Bedrock geology is similar to that of the Lime This Beringian endemic is fairly common on parts of the Peak area, consisting mostly of quartzite and quartzitic Seward Peninsula, but otherwise is absent from North schists surrounding intrusive igneous rocks. The granite America except for outliers in the western Brooks Range intrusives are very resistant to erosion and form many of and Y-T uplands. Additional specimens held at ALA are the high peaks and ridges (Foster et al. 1983). Mount also from the Champion Creek-Little Champion Creek Prindle is the only area surveyed that experienced well­ area and from near Lime Peak (this report). developed alpine glaciation during the Quaternary (Figure A-21). This glaciation was locally confined to a few Conclusions: The area surrounding Mount Prindle has cirques and the valleys flanking the summit. The Nome been visited by botanists more frequently than any other and Champion creek valleys were essentially unglaciated site investigated during this survey. However, a below 900 m (2950 ft) (Pewe et al. 1967). systematic collection from the area still remains to be made. The uniformly acidic rock may detract from the Previous Collections: David Murray collected in the diversity of the flora. However, the presence of vicinity of the summit of Mt. Prindle in 1982 while on a Ranuncu/us glacialis var. camissonis in alpine wetlands is ELM-sponsored trip (Juday 1988). Additional small remarkable. collections from Champion, Sourdough, Nome, and Hope

A-32 Appendix A FIGURE A-21. Headwaters of Champion Creek near the summit of Mt. Prindle. Active taluses are characteristic of this locally glaciated landscape. Ranunculus g/acialis var. chamissonis was found growing in a wet sedge meadow similiar to that shown in the foreground. Photo by Alan Batten.

FIGURE A-22. Mount Prindle and vicinity. USGS Circle (B-5 & B-6) Quadrangle. Indicated by solid line, the areas surveyed included ridges northwest of the summit, and headwaters of Nome and Champion Creeks.

Appendix A A-33 Species Collected or Observed in Alpine and Subalpine Habitats in the Vicinity ofMt. Prindle Aconitum delphinifolium Lycopodium alpinum Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Lycopodium clavatum Andromeda polifolia Mertensia paniculata Anemone narcissiflora Minuartia arctica Anemone richardsonii Minuartia biflora Angelica cf. lucida Minuartia macrocarpa Antennaria friesiana Oxytropis nigrescens Arctous alpina Oxytropis scammaniana Amica griscomii ssp. frigida Parrya nudicaulis Amica lessingii Pedicularis albolabiata Artemisia arctica Pedicularis capitata Betula glandulosa Pedicularis labradorica Bistorta plumosa Pedicularis lanata Bistorta vivipara Pedicularis oederi Calamagrostis Japponica Pedicularis verticillata Campanula lasiocarpa Petasites frigidus Cardamine bellidifolia Picea mariana Cardamine pratensis Poa arctica ssp. angustifolia Podistera macounii Carex aquatilis Polemonium acutiflorum Carex bigelowii Polygonum alaskanum Carex eleusinoides Potentilla elegans Carex lachenalii Pentaphylloides floribunda Carex membranacea Pyrola grandiflora Carex microchaeta Pyrola minor Carex podocarpa Ranunculus glacialis Carex rotundata var. camissonis Cassiope tetragona Rhodiola integrifolia Castilleja hyperborea Rubus arcticus Claytonia sarmentosa Rubus chamaemorus Cornus canadensis Salix rotundifolia Diapensia lapponica Salix chamissonis Dodecatheon frigidum Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra Draba densifolia Salix reticulata Dryas alaskensis Saxifraga hieracifolia Dryas octopetala Saxifraga nelsoniana Empetrum nigrum Senecio lugens Epilobium angustifolium Senecio kjellmanii Equisetum arvense Senecio yukonensis Equisetum silvaticum Sibbaldia procumbens Eriophorum angustifolium Solidago multiradiata Eriophorum vaginatum Spiraea stevenii Festuca altaica Stellaria spp. Gentiana algida Synthyris borealis Gentiana glauca Tofieldia pusilla Hierochloe alpina Vaccinium uliginosum Huperzia selago Vaccinium vitis-idaea Lagotis glauca Valeriana capitata Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens Veronica wormskjoldii Loiseleuria procumbens Viola epipsila Luzula confusa Luzula parviflora

A-34 Appendix A APPENDIX 8: CROSS-REFERENCED LIST OF PLANT SPECIES NAMES

The following is an alphabetical list of the scientific names of vascular plants found during this survey for which ALA Nomenclature (this report) differs from that found in Hulten (1968).

NAME USED IN THIS REPORT SYNONYM USED IN HULTEN FAMILY NAME Acomastylis rossii Geum rossii Rosaceae (Rose Family) Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Alnus crispa Betulaceae (Birch Family) Arctous alpina Arctostaphylos alpina Ericaceae (Heath Family) Arctuos rubra Arctostaphylos rubra Ericaceae (Heath Family) Amica griscomii ssp. frigida Amica frigida Asteraceae (Sunflower Family) Bistorta vivipara Polygonum vivipara Polygonaceae (Buckwheat Family) Bistorta plumosa Polygonum bistorta Polygonaceae (Buckwheat Family) Bromopsis pumpelliana ssp. arctica Bromus pumpellianus var. arcticus Poaceae (Grass Family) Carex marina Carex amblyorhyncha Cyperaceae (Sedge Family) Carex petricosa Carex franklinii Cyperaceae (Sedge Family) Draba cana Draba lanceolata Brassicaceae (Mustard Family) Draba glabella Draba hirta Brassicaceae (Mustard Family) Draba longipes Draba juvenilis Brassicaceae (Mustard Family) Draba palanderiana Draba caesia Brassicaceae (Mustard Family) Draba ruaxes Draba exalata var. ruaxes Brassicaceae (Mustard Family) Dryas alaskensis Dryas octopetala ssp. alaskensis Rosaceae (Rose Family) Dryas sylvatica Dryas integrifolia ssp. sylvatica Rosaceae (Rose Family) Dryopteris expansa Dryopteris dilatata Aspleniaceae (Shield Fern Family) Elymus alaskanus Agropyron boreale Poaceae (Grass Family) Elymus alaskanus ssp. hyperarcticus Agropyron boreale ssp. Poaceae (Grass Family) hyperarcticum Elymus macrourus Agropyron macrourum Poaceae (Grass Family) Elymus trachycaulus Agropyron violaceum Poaceae (Grass Family) Elymus trachycaulus ssp. major Agropyron pauciflorum ssp. major Poaceae (Grass Family) Elymus trachycaulus ssp. novae- Agropyron pauciflorum ssp. novae- Poaceae (Grass Family) angliae angliae Elymus trachycaulus ssp. violaceum Agropyron violaceum ssp. Poaceae (Grass Family) violaceum Elytrigia spicata Agropyron spicatum Poaceae (Grass Family) Empetrum hermaphroditum Empetrum nigrum ssp. Empetraceae (Crowberry Family) hermaphroditum Epilobium ciliatum ssp. adenocaulon Epilobium adenocaulon Onagraceae (Evening Primrose Family) Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum Epilobium glandulosum Onagraceae (Evening Primrose Family) Festuca lenensis F. ovina ssp. alaskana (in part) Poaceae (Grass Family) Gastrolychnis affinis Melandrium affine Caryophyllaceae (Pink Family) Gastrolychnis apetala Melandrium apetalum Caryophyllaceae (Pink Family)

Appendix B B-1 NAME USED IN THIS REPORT SYNONYM USED IN HULTEN FAMILY NAME Gastrolychnis ostenfeldii Melandrium taimyrense Caryophyllaceae (Pink Family) Gentianella propinqua Gentiana propinqua Gentianaceae (Gentian Family) Huperzia selago Lycopodium selago Lycopodiaceae (Clubmoss Family) Ledum groenlandicum Ledum palustre ssp. groenlandicum Ericaceae (Heath Family) Luzula kjellmaniana Luzula tundricola Juncaceae (Rush Family) Montia bostockii Claytonia bostockii Portulacaceae (Purslane Family) Novosieversia glacialis Geum glaciale Rosaceae (Rose Family) Orthilia secunda ssp. obtusata Pyrola secunda Pyrolaceae (Wintergreen Family) Oxytropis bryophila Oxytropis nigrescens Fabaceae (Pea Family) Pedicularis albolabiata Pedicularis sudetica. ssp. albolabiata Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family) Pedicularis interior Pedicularis sudetica. ssp. interior, P. Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family) sudetica ssp. interioides Pedicularis lanata Pedicularis kanei Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family) Pentaphylloides floribunda Potentilla fruticosa. Rosaceae (Rose Family) Petasites nivalis Petasites hyperboreus. Asteraceae (Sunflower Family) Phlox alaskensis Phlox sibirica ssp. sibirica Poaceae (Grass Family) Poa porsildii Poa vaseyochloa Poaceae (Grass Family) Podistera macounii Ligusticum mutellinoides Apiaceae (Parsley Family) Primula eximia Primula tschuktschorum var. arctica Primulaceae (Primrose Family) Rhodiola integrifolia Sedum rosea Crassulaceae (Stonecrop Family) Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra Salix pulchra Salicaceae (Willow Family) Salix pseudomonticola Salix padophylla Salicaceae (Willow Family) Saxifraga calycina Saxifraga davurica ssp. grandipetala Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage Family) Saxifraga nelsoniana Saxifraga punctata ssp. nelsoniana Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage Family) Senecio kjellmanii Senecio atropurpureus ssp. Asteraceae (Sunflower Family) tomentosus Senecio ogotorukensis Senecio conterminus (in part) Asteraceae (Sunflower Family) Senecio tundricola Senecio fuscatus Asteraceae (Sunflower Family) Silene williamsii Silene menziesii ssp. williamsii Caryophyllaceae (Pink Family) Spiraea stevenii Spirea beauverdiana Rosaceae (Rose Family) Swida stolonifera Comus stolonifera Comaceae (Dogwood Family) Torularia humilis ssp. richardsonii Braya humilis ssp. richardsonii Brassicaceae (Mustard Family)

B-2 Appendix B APPENDIX C: VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES LIST

Listed are taxa collected during an inventory of twelve localities in the Yukon-Tanana Uplands sponsored by the Bureau of Land Management, Northern Field Office, Fairbanks with assistance from the University of Alaska Fairbanks Museum Herbarium (ALA). Nomenclature follows that is used at ALA. Synonyms are offered where this nomenclature differs from that used in Eric Hulten's Flora ofAlaska and Neighboring Territories (1968). Specimens are curated at ALA. Col­ lection numbers are those ofC.L. Parker et al. (4000-6000's), A.R. Batten et al. (preceded by 94- or 95-), Glen Juday (s.n.), or D.F. Murray (12000's). Site observations (plant was noted in the field, but not collected) are indicated where a locality is listed, but an associated collection number is lacking for a species.

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Fragile Fern Lime Peak, granite outcrops, scattered. 4776, 5492. ADOXA MOSCHATELLINA L Mt. Schwatka, limestone crevices, rare, 4911. Moschatel White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone scree. Mt. Schwatka, limestone ridge, herbaceous entrance to cave, rare, Victoria Mountain ridge, outcrops, 5699. 5000. East Crazy Mountains, 1imestone crevices and rocky slopes. South Fork Birch Creek. West Crazy Mountains, outcrop crevices, 95-231. Big Windy Hot Springs, moist fem understory, scattered, 6632. South Fork Birch Creek, moist rock outcrops, rare to scattered, 6404, 6435, 6556. Big Windy Hot Springs, wet seepage area on granite, rare, 6637.

ANGELICA LUCIDA L. Wild Celery CYSTOPTERIS MONTANA (Lam.) Bernh. Northeastern edge of range for this predominantly coastal Northern circumpolar. Ranked S3 by ANHP. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist, mossy creek bank, rare, species. Lime Peak, understory of willow thicket along stream, rare, 4861. 5693. South Fork Birch Creek, moist front of gelifluction lobe, rare, 6515. • Mount Prindle vicinity, in thickets in lower valley, rare.

BUPLEURUM TRIRADIATUM J. Adam DRYOPTERIS EXPANSA (C. Prest) Fraser-Jenkins & Thoroughwax Jermy Mt. Schwatka, limestone rock outcrops and screes, scattered, 4883, Shield Fern 4948, 5057. = D. dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 12073 • Big Windy Hot Springs, forest understory, local patches, Juday s.n. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry tundra. Victoria Mountain ridge, dryas fellfield. East Crazy Mountains, rocky soil, screes, outcrops, common. DRYOPTERIS FRAGRANS (L.) Schott West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra and screes, common, 5723, 95- Fragrant Fern 237. Lime Peak, granitic tors, scattered, 4775, 4845. • South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops, rare, 6509. Mt. Schwatka, volcanic rock depression in moist tundra, 5013. Victoria Mountain ridge, volcanic outcrop, 12051. CNIDIUM CNIDIIFOLIUM (Turz.) Schischkin East Crazy Mountains, among acidic boulders. Hemlock Parsley West Crazy Mountains, blocky talus and outcrop crevices, 95-269A. Beringian endemic. South Fork Birch Creek, outcrops, 6442 • Mt. Schwatka, limestone scree, uncommon, 4965. Big Windy Hot Springs, Juday s.n.

GYMNOCARPIUM DRYOPTERIS (L.) Newman PODISTERA MACOUNII (J. Coulter & Rose) Mathias & Oak Fern Constance • Lime Peak, shrub heath at base of tors, rare, 487 5. = Ligusticum mutellinoldes (Crantz) Willa White Mountains, VABM Fossil. • Lime Peak, mesic herbaceous patches at base of tors, frequent, 4 721. • Big Windy Hot Springs, shady forest understory, rare, 6628. Mt. Prindle vicinity, alpine tundra. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines, 5637. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous heath, 6418. WOODSIA GLABELLA R. Br. Smooth Woodsla Mt. Schwatka, limestone and volcanic outcrop crevices, rare, 4913, Aspleniaceae (Shield Fern Family) 5051. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone scree. • Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone outcrops and scree, rare, 5700.

Appendix C C-1 • South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops and screes, rare, 6405, 6555. ARTEMISIA ARCTICA Less. WOODSIA ILVENSIS (L.) R. Br. Arctic Wormwood Lime Peak, gelifluction lobes and shrub heath, common, 4870, 94- Rusty Woodsia 15 l. Minor northeastward range extension. Lime Peak, granitic outcrop crevices, scattered, 4777. South Fork Mt. Schwatka, moist tundra on volcanic slope, frequent, 5019. Mt. Prindle vicinity, sheltered meadows and mesic tundra. Birch Creek. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil. Victoria Mountain ridge. East Crazy Mountains, mesic alpine tundra, common. West Crazy Mountains, rocky alpine tundra. South Fork Birch Creek. ACHILLEA SIBIRICA Ledeb. Northern Yarrow ARTEMISIA BOREALIS Pallas • Big Windy Hot Springs, moist canary grass meadow, scattered, 6612. Wormwood Lime Peak, dry rocky knoll and heath, rare, 4863. Mt. Schwatka, limestone heath, scattered, 4929. ANTENNARIA FRIESIANA (Trautv.) Ekman South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops, rare, 6495, 6561. Pussy Toes Lime Peak, grus fellfield and dryas heath, scattered to frequent, 4726, 4783, 4864. ARTEMISIA FRIGIDA Willd. Mt. Schwatka, dry rocky barrens and rocky heath, 4993, 5029. • West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff, 95-264. Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 12079 White Mountains, VABM Fossil, rocky limestone heath, scattered, 5670. ARTEMISIA FURCATA M. Bieb. East Crazy Mountains, dry rocky tundra. Beringian endemic. West Crazy Mountains, dry rocky exposed tundra, 95-206. Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 12076 South Fork Birch Creek, dry fellfield, scattered, 6398. Mt. Schwatka, limestone scree, rare, 4953. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath, 5656. Victoria Mountain ridge, heath-rock rubble slope. ANTENNARIA MONOCEPHALA DC. Lime Peak, herbaceous patches at base of granitic tors, scattered, ARTEMISIA TILESII Ledeb. 4842. Common Wormwood South Fork Birch Creek. Victoria Mountain ridge, herbaceous vegetation near tree line. South Fork Birch Creek. Big Windy Hot Springs, moist to wet canary grass meadow, scattered, ARNI CA GRISCOMII Fern. ssp. FRIGIDA (C. Meyer ex Juday s.n. Iljin) S. J. Wolf Frigid Arnica = A. frigida C. Meyer ASTER SIBIRICUS L. Beringian endemic. Siberian Aster Lime Peak, dry rocky heath, scattered, 4837. • Big Windy Hot Springs, moist meadow, scattered. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath on limestone, scattered, 4970. • Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic tundra, 94-113. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. CHRYSANTHEMUM INTEGRIFOLIUM Richardson Victoria Mountain ridge, heath on limestone, 5716. Southern edge ofarctic North American range, rare in interior East Crazy Mountains, dry to mesic alpine tundra, common. Alaska. • West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra and screes, 95-234. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone rubble, rare, 5689A. South Fork Birch Creek, moist heath, 6452. CREPIS NANA Richardson Alpine Hawk's Beard ARNICA LESSJNGII E. Greene • South Fork Birch Creek. Lessing's Arnica Beringian endemic. ERIGERON ACRIS L. Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic tundra, 94-120. • Big Windy Hot Springs, moist to wet canary grass meadow, scattered, • South Fork Birch Creek, moist, herbaceous heath, 6453. 6618

ARTEMISIA ALASKANA Rydb ERIGERON CAESPITOSUS Nutt. • West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff, abundant, 94- Alaska Wormword East Beringian endemic. 26 l. South Fork Birch Creek, cliff ledges and screes, rare, 6566. Big Windy Hot Springs, crevices and ledges of granitic rock face, ERIGERON GRANDIFLORUS Hook. rare, 6599. East Beringian endemic, new to Yukon-Tanana Uplands.

C-2 Appendix C East Crazy Mountains, crevices of limestone outcrop, 95-287. West Crazy Mountains, fens, shrub tundra, dry dryas tundra, common. South Fork Birch Creek, dry herbaceous slope, rare, 6537. South Fork Birch Creek.

ERIGERON HUMILIS Graham SENECIO KJELLMANII A. Pors. Mountain Fleabane = S. atropurpureus (Ledeb.) Fedtsch. ssp. tomentosus White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone rubble slope, rare, 5624. (Kjellm.) Hutten South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath slopes, uncommon, Beringian endemic. 6426, 6575. Lime Peak, snowmelt meadows and herbaceous slopes, scattered to frequent, 4 730, 4809. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist, mossy draw, 5677. ERIGERON HYPERBOREUS E. Greene Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist tundra. East Beringian endemic. South Fork Birch Creek, wet herbaceous heath slope, 6386. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, rare, 4880. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines on limestone, 5625. Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone outcrop, sheep perch, rare, 5706, SENECIO LUGENS Richardson 12053. Mt. Schwatka, S-facing herbaceous heath slope, scattered, 4984. South Fork Birch Creek, rocky dryas fellfield, rare, 6538. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous draw. Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra and subalpine meadows, 94-I l 7. East Crazy Mountains, mesic alpine slopes and openings in forest and ERIGERON PURPURATUS E. Greene thickets, 95-284, 95-320. East Beringian endemic. West Crazy Mountains, warm sites near treeline and openings in • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dryas heath, scattered. thickets, 95-219. South Fork Birch Creek, snowmelt meadow, scattered, 6444.

HIERACIUM TRISTE Willd. Hawkweed SENECIO OGOTORUKENSIS Packer Beringian endemic, northward range extension for this = S. conterminus Greenm. in part predominantly coastal taxon. East Beringian endemic. • Lime Peak, opening in shrub thicket, 94-163. Mt. Schwatka, rocky limestone heath, scattered to rare, 4981, 5058. • South Fork Birch Creek, dry outcrops and meadows, rare, 6496, 6533. PETASITES FRIGIDUS (L.) Franchet Coltsfoot SENECIO PAUCIFLORUS Pursh Lime Peak, wet snowmelt meadows, scattered, 4792, 4805. • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet canary grass meadow, rare, 6620. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath, scattered. Mt. Prindle vicinity, thickets, shrub tundra, and wet tundra. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dryas heath on limestone. SENECIO RESEDIFOLIUS Less. • East Crazy Mountains, moist hummocky tundra, openings in alder - Dwarf Arctic Butterweed shrub birch. Mt. Schwatka, low shrub meadow, rare, 5036. • West Crazy Mountains, moist to wet fens and thickets. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath, rare, 5658. South Fork Birch Creek, snowmelt meadow, scattered, 6469. East Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra and outcrop ledges and crevices, 95-288. West Crazy Mountains, dry rocky tundra, 95-223, 95-235. PETASITES NIVALIS E. Greene South Fork Birch Creek, wet to moist herbaceous heath, 6384, 6424. = P. hyperboreus Rydb. • South Fork Birch Creek, moist tundra. SENECIO TUNDRICOLA Tolm. = S. fuscatus (Jord. & Fourr.) Hayek SAUSSUREA ANGUSTIFOLIA (Willd.) DC. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, tussocks, rare, 4749, 4789, 4874. Beringian endemic. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath, rare, 4943, 501 l. Lime Peak, snowmelt meadow, 94-130. Victoria Mountain ridge, 12055. • Mt. Schwatka, dry, rocky, limestone dryas heath, rare, 5061. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic herbaceous heath, 6385. East Crazy Mountains, moist tundra, thickets, and forest openings. West Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra, common. South Fork Birch Creek. SENECIO YUKONENSIS A. Pors. East Beringian endemic. SENECIO ATROPURPUREUS (Ledeb.) B. Fedtsch. ssp. Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic to dry tundra, 94-104. FRIGIDUS (Richardson) Hutten • South Fork Birch Creek, moist hummocky heath tundra, rare, 6367. Beringian endemic. • Lime Peak, snowmelt meadows, scattered to frequent, 4808, 94-132. SOLIDAGO MULTIRADIATA Aiton Mt. Schwatka, moist herbaceous moss meadows and dry tundra, scattered, 5006, 5023. Goldenrod Lime Peak, herbaceous slope, scattered, 4827. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist heath, 5671. Mt. Schwatka, moist herbaceous heath, scattered, 4972, 5073. East Crazy Mountains, moist tundra and openings in forests and Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra, thickets, and subalpine meadows. thickets, 95-219.

Appendix C C-3 White Mountains, VABM Fossil. BETULA hybrids Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone heath, 5715. Probably B. papyrifera X B. glandulosa. East Crazy Mountains, steep rocky south slope. East Crazy Mountains, lower slopes and at treeline, common. West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff, 95-258. • South Fork Birch Creek, lower slopes. South Fork Birch Creek. Big Windy Hot Springs, moist canary grass meadow, scattered, Juday s.n. BETULA NANA L. Dwarf Birch Lime Peak, rocky herbaceous heath, rare, 4765. TARAXACUM ALASKANUM Rydb. East Crazy Mountains, boggy and exposed sites. Alaska Dandelion West Crazy Mountains, ridge crests, patches of thickets. Beringian endemic. South Fork Birch Creek. • South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous draw, rare, 6577. Boraginaceae (Borage Family) TARAXACUM CERATOPHORUM (Ledeb.) DC. Lime Peak, herbaceous patches at base of granite tors, scattered, ERITRICHIUM ARETIOIDES (Cham.) DC. 4780, 4852. Dwarf Forget-Me-Not Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and moist herbaceous heath, rare, Beringian endemic. 4901, 4930, 5020. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, rocky limestone heath, scattered, White Mountains, VABM Fossil, herbaceous sheep perch, rare, 5678. 5608. Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone scree, 5705. Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone scree. East Crazy Mountains, limestone outcrop crevices. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic herbaceous heath, 6395. West Crazy Mountains, limestone outcrops, 95-275. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous patches on outcrops, scattered, 6554, 6581. ERITRICHIUM SPLENDENS Kearney Splendid Forget-Me-Not TARAXACUM cf. KAMTSCHATICUM Dahlst. East Beringian endemic, unusually large-blossomed populations Beringian endemic. observed. • Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, rare, 4900. Mt. Schwatka, limestone scree and outcrops, scattered, 4907. Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone scree, rare, 12067.

TARAXACUM PHYMATOCARPUM Yahl Mt. Schwatka, moist tundra meadow, rare, 5015. MERTENSIA PANICULATA (Aiton) G Don Bluebells Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub heath herbaceous meadow, 5044. Betulaceae (Birch Family) Mt. Prindle vicinity, subalpine meadows. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous draw. ALNUS VIRIDIS Villar ssp. CRISPA (Aiton) A. Loeve & D. Victoria Mountain ridge. Loeve West Crazy Mountains, alder and willow thickets. South Fork Birch Creek, snowmelt meadows and dry sheep meadows, Green Alder frequent, 6445, 6534. A. crispa (Aiton) Pursh = Big Windy Hot Springs, margin of canary grass meadow and forest Lime Peak, shrub thicket, abundant, 4848. understory. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub heath meadow, 5052. Mt. Prindle vicinity, along creeks and sheltered sites. East Crazy Mountains, mossy hummocky north lower slopes. MYOSOTIS ALPESTRIS F.W. Schmidt West Crazy Mountains, moist north slopes. Forget-Me-Not South Fork Birch Creek, draws, lower slopes near treeline. Mt. Schwatka, S-facing limestone herbaceous slope, scattered, 4885, Big Windy Hot Springs, along stream and forest understory. 4986. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath, 5628. BETULA GLANDULOSA Michaux Victoria Mountain ridge, 12063. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath slope and meadows, Shrub Birch scattered, 6481. Lime Peak, lower slopes and draws. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub heath meadow, 5053. Brassicaceae (Mustard Family) • Mt. Prindle vicinity, lower slopes, common. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. Victoria Mountain ridge, mesic shrub tundra. ARABIS DIVARICARPA Nelson • Big Windy Hot Springs, granitic rock ledges, rare, 6597. • East Crazy Mountains, forest openings and lower alpine slopes. West Crazy Mountains, sheltered slopes, forming thickets. South Fork Birch Creek, lower slopes. ARABIS HIRSUTA (L.) Scop. ssp. PYCNOCARPA (M. Hopkins) Holten New to Yukon-Tanana Uplands.

C-4 Appendix C West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff, under aspen, East Crazy Mountains, mossy site on steep rocky slope, 95-281. 95-263. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous patch on outcrop, rare, 6413. Big Windy Hot Springs, granitic rock ledges, rare, 6616.

DRABA GLABELLA Pursh BRAYA BARTLETTIANA Jordal = D. hirta L. sensu Holten East Beringian endemic, new to Yukon-Tanana Uplands. Lime Peak, herbaceous patch at base of tor and sheep perch, scattered, • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone rubble slope, 5669. 4778, 4830. White Mountians, VABM Fossil, herbaceous sheep perch, rare, 5685. Victoria Mountain ridge, 12070. CARDAMINE BELLIDIFOLIA L. West Crazy Mountains, limestone outcrops, 5722, 95-276. Lime Peak, mesic herbaceous patches, scattered, 4746. Mt Prindle vicinity, moist rocky slopes. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines of well-weathered scree, DRABA LACTEA J. Adams rare, 5636. • Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 12082. South Fork Birch Creek, moist rock outcrop overhang, rare, 6434.

DRABA LONGIPES Raup CARDAMINE PURPUREA Cham. & Schldl. = D.juvenilis Korn. Purple Bittercress White Mountains, VABM Fossil, herbaceous heath, rare to scattered, East Beringian endemic. 5683. Lime Peak, moist snowmelt meadow, scattered, 4728. South Fork Birch Creek, moist to wet herbaceous heath and seepages, Mt Schwatka, herbaceous heath on limestone, scattered, 4957. frequent,6415,6466,6564,6585. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. South Fork Birch Creek. DR..\BA NEMOROSA L. Northern edge ofrange. CARDAMINE PRATENSIS L. ssp. ANGUSTIFOLIA • South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous sheep perch, rare, 6532. (Hook.) O.E. Schulz Cuckoo Flower Mt Prindle vicinity, sheltered subalpine meadows, 94-118. DRABA NIVALIS Lilj. • West Crazy Mountains, screes and outcrop, 95-232.

DESCURAINIA SOPHIOIDES (Fischer) 0. Schulz Tansy Mustard DRABA PALANDERIANA Kjellman Mt Schwatka, mouth of limestone cave, sheep perch, rare, 4968. = D. caesia Adams South Fork Birch Creek, lush herbaceous sheep perch, rare, 6547. Beringian endemic. Mt Schwatka, limestone scree and outcrops, scattered, 4905, 4960. Victoria Mountain ridge, 120728. DRABA ALPINA L. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath and scree, rare, South Fork Birch Creek, wet moss in hummocks and herbaceous 5666. heath, rare, 6389, 6475. South Fork Birch Creek, dry fellfield and moist heath, rare to scattered, 6408, 6451, 6540, 6552.

DRABA CANA Rydb. = D. lanceolata Royle DRABA RUAXES Payson & H. St. John Mt Schwatka, limestone scree, herbaceous sheep perch, rare, 4928. = D. exalata Ekman var. ruaxes (Payson & St. John) Hitch. • Victoria Mountain ridge, rare, 12072A. sensu Hutten East Crazy Mountains, disturbed dry soils, 95-292. Northward range extension, new to Yukon-Tanana Uplands. South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops, rare to scattered, 6510, 654 L Ranked S2S3 by ANHP. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone rubble, rare, 5689, 5692. ERYSIMUM CHEIRANTHOIDES L. DRABA DENSIFOLIA Nutt. Wormseed Mustard Known from only a few localities in interior Alaska and from • Big Windy Hot Springs, moist canary grass meadow, rare, 6598. the Rocky Mountains, taxonomic relationship with D. paysonii remains unclear. Ranked SJ by ANHP. Lime Peak, mesic to dry fellfield, scattered to frequent, 4719, 4768, EUTREMA EDWARDSII R. Br. 4858. Lime Peak, mesic meadows, rare, 5500. Mt Prindle vicinity, granitic screes, 94-109. • Mt Schwatka, snowmelt meadow, rare, 5089. DRABA FLADNIZENSIS Wulfen White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist mossy draw, rare, 5675. • Lime Peak, heath and herbaceous patches near tors, scattered to rare, East Crazy Mountains, moist moss, uncommon. 4739,4847,4872,4873. West Crazy Mountains, wet moss in shrubby tundra, rare, 95-243. • Mt Schwatka, frost boil on rocky summit, rare, 5033 South Fork Birch Creek, wet mossy graminoid meadow, rare, 6422. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fine scree, rare, 5638. Victoria Mountain ridge.

Appendix C C-5 HALIMOLOBUS MOLLIS (Hook.) Rollins VIBURNUM EDULE (Michaux) Raf. Big Windy Hot Springs, dry granitic rock faces and sheep perch, rare, Highbush Cranberry 6593. • Big Windy Hot Springs, margin of canary grass meadow.

LESQUERELLA ARCTICA (Wormsk.) S. Watson Bladderpod Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, scattered, 4886, 4950. Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone scree, rare, 12059. ARENARIA CHAMISSONIS Maguire Beringian endemic, second record for Yukon-Tanana Uplands. • Lime Peak, barren ridgetop scree, rare, 4810. PARRYA NUDICAULIS (L.) Regel Parry's Wallflower Lime Peak, moist herbaceous draw, common, 4751. CERASTIUM BEERINGIANUM Cham. & Schldl. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath on limestone, scattered, 4891. Mouse-ear Chickweed White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous heath. Lime Peak, herbaceous slope, sheep perches, scattered, 4834. Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist tundra. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, scattered to common, Victoria Mountain ridge, 12052. 4914, 4998. East Crazy Mountains, moist tundra and openings in thickets, • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath, 5664. common. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath tundra, 6373. West Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra. South Fork Birch Creek. GASTROLYCHNIS AFFINIS (Vahl) Tolm. & Kozhanch. Arctic Lychnis TORULARIA HUMILIS (C. Meyer) O. Schulz ssp. = Melandrium affine J. Vahl RICHARDSONII (comb. not yet made! Mt. Schwatka, moist tundra meadow, rare, 5009. = Braya humilis (C. Meyer) Robins. ssp. richardsonii (Rydb.) East Crazy Mountains, rocky slopes and outcrop crevices, 95-282, 95- Hulten 290. Mt. Schwatka, limestone screes, scattered to common, 4892. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous sheep perch and dry Victoria Mountain ridge, screes, 12069. herbaceous slope, 6430, 6553, 6582. South Fork Birch Creek, dry fellfield, rare, 6396.

GASTROLYCHNIS APETALA (L.) Tolm. & Kozhanch. Nodding Lychnis =Melandrium apetalum (L.) Fenzl CAMPANULA AURITA E. Greene Mt. Schwatka, moist herbaceous meadow, rare, 5007, 5010. East Beringian endemic. Ranked S3 by ANHP. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist, mossy draw, 5676. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, rare, 49 I 2. South Fork Birch Creek, wet herbaceous heath tussocks, scattered, • East Crazy Mountains, calcareous outcrops, ledges and crevices, 95- 6425. 293. GASTROLYCHNIS OSTENFELDII (A. Pors.) D. Murray CAMPANULA LASIOCARPA Cham. = Melandrium taimyrense Tolm. Mountain Harebell • Victoria Mountain ridge, sheep perch on limestone ridge, rare, 5714. Lime Peak, snowmelt meadow, 94-134. Mt. Prindle vicinity, dry alpine tundra. East Crazy Mountains, alpine scree, 95-324. MINUARTIA ARCTICA (Steven) Asch. & Graebner South Fork Birch Creek, rocky fell field, rare, 64 76. Arctic Sandwort Beringian endemic. Lime Peak, snowbeds, fellfield, dryas and herbaceous heaths, CAMPANULA UNIFLORA L. common, 4716, 4769, 4844, 94-133. One-flowered Harebell Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and screes, common, 4889, 5035. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines in limestone, rare, 5626. Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 12080 East Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, scattered, 95-280. Mt. Prindle vicinity, dry alpine tundra and screes. West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra and limestone outcrops, 95-227. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone rubble, 5662. South Fork Birch Creek, dry rocky ridgetop, rare, 6369. Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone scree, 5703. Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family) East Crazy Mountains, screes and thin rocky soils. West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, screes and outcrops, 95-201. • South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops, frequent, 6583. LINNAEA BOREALIS L. Twinflower MINUARTIA BIFLORA (L.) Schinz & Thell Lime Peak, shrub heath slope, rare to scattered. Second and third records for Yukon-Tanana Uplands. Ranked S2 Mt. Schwatka, moist understory of shrub heath, rare, 5084. byANHP. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic heath, lower slopes. • Mt. Prindle vicinity, sheep perches, 94-106.

C-6 Appendix C • South Fork Birch Creek, moist bare soil, rare, 6472. East Beringian endemic. • South Fork Birch Creek, outcrops and screes. rare, 6567.

MINUARTIA ELEGANS (Cham. & Schldl.) Schischkin Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 1208 l STELLARIA CALYCANTHA (Ledeb.) Bong. • East Crazy Mountains, moist soil of frost scar, 95-312. Big Windy Hot Springs, wet disturbed soil of wildlife lick, rare, 6633A.

MINUARTIA MACROCARPA (Pursh) Ostenf. Beringian endemic. STELLARIA EDWARDSII R. Br. Lime Peak, moist sheltered sites among outcrops, rare, 4771, 5498. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, herbaceous heath, rare, 5684B. Mt. Prindle vicinity, outcrops and dry tundra, 94-108. West Crazy Mountains. shrub tundra, dry tundra, 95-208. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic sites on outcrops, rare, 6441. South Fork Birch Creek, moist tussock tundra, rare, 6502.

MINUARTIA ROSSII (R. Br.) Graebner STELLARIA LAETA Richardson Mt. Schwatka, limestone scree, rare, 4915, 5003. Lime Peak, dryas heath and herbaceous sheep perches, 4786, 4833, • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone rubble, 5691. 4809. South Fork Birch Creek, moist mossy tussock tundra and bare soil, White Mountains, VABM Fossil. herbaceous heath, rare, 5684A. rare, 6369, 6459, 6463.

STELLARIA LONGIPES Goldie MINUARTIA RUBELLA (Wahlenb.) Graebner Mt. Schwatka, limestone scree and heath, 4975. • Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, and moist tundra East Crazy Mountains, tundra. meadow, rare, 4915, 5002, 5014. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous heath, under willows, outcrops, Victoria Mountain ridge. 6399,6446,6520,6542. South Fork Birch Creek, outcrops, rare, 6551. Big Windy Hot Springs, moist soil patches among boulders, rare, 6611. WILHELMSIA PHYSODES (Fischer) McNeil • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet disturbed soil of wildlife lick, rare, 6633.

MINUARTIA YUKONENSIS Hulten East Beringian endemic. Ranked S3 by ANHP. • South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops, rare to scattered, 6503. CHENOPODIUM ALBUM L. MOEHRINGIA LATERIFLORA (L.) Fenzl Pigweed Grove Sandwort Big Windy Hot Springs, moist canary grass meadow, among rocks, Mt. Schwatka, moist heath shrub tundra, rare, 5050. rare, 6596, 6648. West Crazy Mountains, base of south-facing outcrop, rare, 95-228. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous meadow at base of outcrop, 6549. Big Windy Hot Springs. CORNUS CANADENSIS L. SILENE ACAULIS L. Dwarf Dogwood Mt. Prindle vicinity, low shrub tundra in lower valleys. Moss Campion Big Windy Hot Springs, margin of canary grass meadow and forest Lime Peak, snowmelt area, 94-131. Mt. Schwatka, limestone heath, rare to scattered, 4931. understory. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone screes and fellfields, common. SWIDA STOLONIFERA (Michaux) Rydb. Victoria Mountain ridge. American Dogwood East Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra, especially calcareous substrates. West Crazy Mountains, fens, limestone outcrops, 95-249. = Comus stolonifera Michaux South Fork Birch Creek. Big Windy Hot Springs, canary grass meadow and forest margin, scattered, 6617.

SILENE REPENS Patrin Crassulaceae (Stonecrop Family) Tall Campion • East Crazy Mountains, steep rocky south slope. • West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff, 95-259. RHODIOLA INTEGRIFOLIA Raf. • South Fork Birch Creek, dry herbaceous meadow, rare, 6536. Roseroot = Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. SILENE WILLIAMSII Britton Lime Peak, base of granitic tors, rare, 4 715. = S. menzlesii Hook. ssp. williamsil (Britton) Hulten • Mt. Schwatka, among volcanic rocks, 5017.

Appendix C C-7 Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist tundra, subalpine meadows, moist CAREX GLACIALIS Mackenzie seepages. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and screes, rare, 4895. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath tundra near limestone tors, • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone scree, rare, 5681. rare, 5654. South Fork Birch Creek. Big Windy Hot Springs, granitic outcrops. CAREX LACHENALII Schkuhr. Lime Peak, snowmelt meadows, gelifluction lobes, streamside sand, 4829,94-128,94-]53. Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist sheltered slopes and subalpine meadows, 94-115. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous heath, sedge meadows, 6462, JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L. 6516, 6586. Mountain Juniper Mt. Schwatka, rocky heath herbaceous slope, rare, 4990. East Crazy Mountains, dry lower slopes. CAREX MARINA Dewey South Fork Birch Creek. = C. amblyorhyncha Krecz. Big Windy Hot Springs, dry open aspen understory. New to Yukon-Tanana Uplands. South Fork Birch Creek, wet tussock tundra, wet herbaceous heath, rare, 6375, 6504.

CAREX MEDIA R. Br. CAREX AQUATILIS Wahlenb. • Big Windy Hot Springs, moist sandy soil along stream, rare, 6643. Mt. Prindle vicinity, wet tundra. • South Fork Birch Creek, wet tussock tundra. CAREX MEMBRANACEA Hook. Lime Peak, gelifluction lobe, 94-154. CAREX ATROFUSCA Schk. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath meadow, 5041. • South Fork Birch Creek. Mt. Prindle vicinity, wet meadows. West Crazy Mountains, moist fens, 95-218. South Fork Birch Creek, sedge fen, 6523. CAREX BIGELOWII Torrey Lime Peak, wet meadows and streamside, common, 4794. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub heath meadow, 5047. CAREX MICROCHAETA Holm Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist to wet hummocky tundra, common. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, common, 4759, 5496. Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone slopes and moist mossy heath, Mt. Schwatka, mesic to dry tundra. 5709, 5720. Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic alpine slopes, abundant, 94-103. East Crazy Mountains, mesic to wet sites, forming hummocks. East Crazy Mountains, alpine slopes. West Crazy Mountains, moist to mesic tundra, abundant. West Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra, common. South Fork Birch Creek. South Fork Birch Creek.

CAREX CAPILLARIS L. CAREX MISANDRA R. Br. Lime Peak, ephemeral pools, 95-136. Lime Peak, ephemeral pools, 94-127. Mt. Schwatka, dry lichen heath on limestone, 4936. Mt. Schwatka, mesic tundra. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous heath, 5690. Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone fellfield, 5708. East Crazy Mountains, sedge vegetation on calcareous soils, South Fork Birch Creek, moist to wet herbaceous heath and dryas common, 95-307. heath,6370,6423,6486. South Fork Birch Creek, wet to mesic herbaceous heath and dry meadows, 6416, 6488, 6569. Big Windy Hot Springs, wet disturbed soil of wildlife lick, 6638. CAREX NARDINA Fries Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, scattered, 4887, 4922. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone scree and herbaceous CAREX CHORDORRHIZA Ehrh. sheep perch, 5622, 5679. Minor southeastward range extension. Victoria Mountain ridge, dry limestone scree, 5702. South Fork Birch Creek, small pools in herbaceous heath tussocks, rare, 6508. CAREX OBTUSATA Lilj. • Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree and on sheep perch, rare, CAREX CONCINNA R. Br. 4897,4921,4961, 5069. • Mt. Schwatka, limestone tors at tree line, rare, 5063. • East Crazy Mountains, open white spruce forest. CAREX PETRICOSA Dewey = C. franklinii Boott CAREX ELEUSINOIDES Torez. • Mt. Schwatka, limestone scree and dryas sedge meadows, 4923, • Mt. Prindle vicinity, disturbed floodplain gravels, 94-123. 5023, 5067.

C-8 Appendix C White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone ridge sheep perch, 5650. Mt Schwatka, moist moss heath depressions and meadows, rare, South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops and ledges, rare to scattered, 4963, 5039. 6484. Mt Prindle vicinity, wet meadows. West Crazy Mountains, alpine fens. South Fork Birch Creek, wet fen below gelifluction lobe, 6563. CAREX PODOCARPA R. Br. Lime Peak, snowbed meadow and sandy gravel along stream, 4836, 94-127. ERIOPHORUM BRACHYANTHERUM Trautv. Mt Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath meadow, 5045. • Mt Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath meadow, 5054. Mt Prindle vicinity, mesic alpine slopes, 94-114. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous draw, 5688. East Crazy Mountains, mesic sites at treeline. ERIOPHORUM CALLITRIX Cham. West Crazy Mountains, moist openings in alder and willow thickets, Lime Peak, ephemeral pools, wet meadows, scattered, 4782, 4865, 95-220. 94-138. South Fork Birch Creek, moist gelifluction lobe front, 6432. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist mossy draw, 5672. South Fork Birch Creek, sedge fen, 6524.

CAREX ROTUNDATA Wahlenb. • Mt Prindle vicinity, wet basins in upper drainage, 94-1 JO. ERIOPHORUM SCHEUCHZERI Hoppe • South Fork Birch Creek, wet tussock tundra, 6499.

CAREX RUPESTRIS All. Mt Schwatka, outcrops and dry rocky dryas heath, scattered, 5037, ERIOPHORUM VAGINATUM L. 5056. Tufted Cottongrass South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops and dry dryas tundra, 6483, Lime Peak, wet meadow adjacent to stream, 5494. 6518. Mt Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath meadow, 5040. East Crazy Mountains, dry calcareous slopes and outcrops, 95-308. Mt Prindle vicinity, wet basins, scattered. East Crazy Mountains, forming tussocks on poorly drained slopes. South Fork Birch Creek, wet tussock tundra. CAREX SCIRPOIDEA Michaux Lime Peak, snowmelt meadow and dry, dryas slope, scattered, 4850, 94-156. KOBRESIA MYOSUROIDES (Villars) Fiori & Paol. Mt Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, rare, 4902. • South Fork Birch Creek, dry lush herbaceous slope, 6543. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. East Crazy Mountains, mesic to dry tundra slopes. West Crazy Mountains, mesic to dry tundra, common, 95-271. KOBRESIA SIBIRICA Turcz. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath, 6420. Mt Schwatka, outcrops and screes, dry lichen dryas heath, rare, 4890, 4935. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath and dryas tundra, CAREX SUPINA Willd. ssp. SPANIOCARPA (Steud.) 6458,6482. Hulten East Crazy Mountains, sedge vegetation on calcareous slopes, 95- 309, 95-318. KOBRESIA SIMPLICIUSCULA (Wahlenb.) Mackenzie West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff, 95-268. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath and dry lush meadows, 6487, 6517, 6544, 6570.

CAREX VAGINATA Tausch Mt Schwatka, margin of forest and limestone tors, rare, 5062. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath tussock tundra, 641 I, 6439. DIAPENSIA LAPPONICA L. Lapland Diapensia CAREX WILLIAMSII Britton Beringian endemic. • Lime Peak, snowmelt meadow, 94-157. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath fellfield, common, 4745. Mt Schwatka, moist heath among rocks, rare, 5083. Mt Prindle vicinity, dry, exposed alpine tundra, common. ELEOCHARIS PALUSTRIS (L.) Roemer & Schultes • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines in mineral contact zone, Big Windy Hot Springs, moist canary grass meadow, frequent, Juday 5646. s.n. • East Crazy Mountains, rocky alpine tundra. • West Crazy Mountains, dry rocky tundra. South Fork Birch Creek. ERIOPHORUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Hoock Tall Cottongrass Lime Peak, ephemeral pools and snowmelt meadows, 4817, 5495, 94- Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster Family) 139.

Appendix C C-9 SHEPHERDIA CANADENSIS (L.) Nutt. ANDROMEDA POLIFOLIA L Soapberry Bog Rosemary Victoria Mountain ridge, dry lower slopes. Lime Peak, wet hummock meadows and Sphagnum heath, scattered, South Fork Birch Creek. 4795, 4816. Big Windy Hot Springs, among rocks at hot springs margin, 6604. Mt. Prindle vicinity, wet basins. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist depressions. East Crazy Mountains, sedge tundra on calcareous slopes, rare. South Fork Birch Creek.

EMPETRUM HERMAPHRODITUM (Lange) Hagerup ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI (L.) Sprengel Crowberry Kinnikinnick =E. nigrum L. ssp. hermaphroditum (Lange) Bocher Mt. Schwatka, dry understory at treeline, common, 5065. Lime Peak, dry to mesic tundra, common. East Crazy Mountains, dry south slopes, near open white spruce. Mt. Schwatka, moist heath among rocks, rare, 5085. West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, in aspen at edge of steppe Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub heath tundra in lower valley. site, 95-265. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, mesic tundra. South Fork Birch Creek, dry lower slopes. Victoria Mountain ridge. East Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, common. West Crazy Mountains, heath tundra, abundant. ARCTOUS ALPINA (L.) Niedenzu South Fork Birch Creek. Alpine Bearberry = Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Sprengel Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered to common, 4764. Mt. Schwatka, heath tundra on volcanic rock. Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic to dry alpine tundra. East Crazy Mountains, thin rocky soils in alpine tundra. EQUISETUM ARVENSE L. West Crazy Mountains, dry exposed and moist hummocky tundra. Lime Peak, snowmelt meadows, scattered, 4811. South Fork Birch Creek. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath meadow, 5042. Mt. Prindle vicinity, thickets, meadows, shrub tundra. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist draw. ARCTOUS RUBRA (Rehder & E. Wilson) Nakai Victoria Mountain ridge. Red Bearberry West Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra and fens. South Fork Birch Creek. = Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehder & E. Wilson) Fern Big Windy Hot Springs, moist to wet canary grass meadow, Juday s.n. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath meadow, 5077. Victoria Mountain ridge. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous draw. EQUISETUM PRATENSE Ehrh. East Crazy Mountains, mesic calcareous sites, openings in forests and • South Fork Birch Creek. thickets. West Crazy Mountains, moist fens and sheltered thickets. South Fork Birch Creek. EQUISETUM SCIRPOIDES Michaux Mt. Schwatka, moist mossy heath depressions, rare, 5068. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry tundra. CASSIOPE TETRAGONA (L.) D. Don East Crazy Mountains, calcareous slopes at treeline, 95-306. Mountain Heather West Crazy Mountains, open forests and thickets near tree line. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, abundant, 4823. South Fork Birch Creek. Mt. Schwatka, rocky dryas heath, 4997. Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic tundra, common. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. EQUISETUM SILVATICUM L. Victoria Mountain ridge. Lime Peak, willow-dwarf birch thicket understory, scattered, 4862. East Crazy Mountains, moist alpine tundra. • Mt. Prindle vicinity, thickets and meadows. West Crazy Mountains, heath tundra, north slopes, sheltered sites, abundant. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic snowmelt meadows and heath. EQUISETUM VARIEGATUM Schleicher • Mt. Schwatka, mossy snowmelt meadow, rare, 5080. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry tundra. LEDUM GROENLANDICUM Oeder South Fork Birch Creek. Labrador Tea = L. palustre L. ssp. groenlandicum (Oeder) Hulten Lime Peak, open shrub willow thicket, scattered, 4869. Ericaceae (Heath Family) East Crazy Mountains, open spruce forest. • West Crazy Mountains, thickets and forests.

C-10 Appendix C LEDUM PALUSTRE L. ssp. DECUMBENS (Aiton) Hulten Narrow-leaf Labrador Tea Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, common, 4774, 4813. Mt. Schwatka, moist heath among rocks, common, 5091. ASTRAGALUS ABORIGINUM Richardson Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra and mesic alpine slopes. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops, screes and heath, scattered, 4884, White Mountains, VABM Fossil. 4983. East Crazy Mountains, heath tundra, common. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry dryas fellfield on limestone, West Crazy Mountains, heath tundra, abundant. scattered. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic to dry tundra. Victoria Mountain ridge, dry limestone heath, scattered, 5713, 12056. East Crazy Mountains, dry calcareous slopes. West Crazy Mountains, dry rocky tundra and scree, 95-229. LOISELEURIA PROCUMBENS (L.) Desv. South Fork Birch Creek, dry calcareous heath and outcrops at treeline, Alpine Azalea 6374, 6500. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, abundant, 4755. Mt. Prindle vicinity, dry exposed alpine tundra, common. Victoria Mountain ridge. ASTRAGALUS ALPINUS L. South Fork Birch Creek, dry tundra. Alpine Milk Vetch • South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous draw, 6576.

OXYCOCCUS MICROCARPUS Turcz. ex Rupr. Bog Cranberry ASTRAGALUS UMBELLATUS Bunge East Crazy Mountains, in Sphagnum bog in shrub birch thicket below Hairy Arctic Milk Vetch treeline. Beringian endemic. Lime Peak, mesic herbaceous heath, scattered, 4801. • Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous mossy meadow, scattered, 5008. RHODODENDRON LAPPONICUM (L.) Wahlenb. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, mesic heath. Lapland Rosebay Victoria Mountain ridge, 12065. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered, 4750. East Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra. Mt. Schwatka, heath slope, rare to scattered, 4973. West Crazy Mountains, moist to mesic tundra, especially in sheltered White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone scree and heath, scattered. sites, 95-212. East Crazy Mountains, mesic calcareous slopes. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic heath, scattered. West Crazy Mountains, mesic to dry tundra, especially on limestone. South Fork Birch Creek, dry tundra. HEDYSARUM ALPINUM L. Eskimo Potato VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM L. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath slope, scattered, 4954. Blueberry White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath around tors, 5647. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, common to abundant, 4762. East Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra and forest openings, common. Mt. Schwatka, moist heath among rocks, common, 5087. West Crazy Mountains, tundra at base of limestone outcrops. Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra, mesic alpine tundra. South Fork Birch Creek, dry lower slopes. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath. Big Windy Hot Springs, stream and forest margins. Victoria Mountain ridge. • East Crazy Mountains, mesic heath, openings in forest and thickets, common. HEDYSARUM MACKENZII Richardson West Crazy Mountains, shrub tundra and openings in thickets. Wild Sweet Pea South Fork Birch Creek. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and screes, scattered, 4898. Big Windy Hot Springs, forest understory and margin. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath around tors, 5648.

VACCINIUM VITIS-IDEA L. LUPINUS ARCTICUS S. Watson Lowbush Cranberry Lupine Mt. Schwatka, dry understory at treeline below limestone, common, Lime Peak, dryas heath, scattered, 4840. 5060. Mt. Schwatka, dry rocky dryas heath, common, 4996. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry to mesic heath. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, rocky limestone low heath, • Mt. Prindle vicinity, lowland shrub tundra and alpine ridges, common. common, 5614. Victoria Mountain ridge. Victoria Mountain ridge, dry to mesic tundra, scattered. East Crazy Mountains, mesic heath, openings in forest and thickets, East Crazy Mountains, mesic slopes and forest openings, common. common. West Crazy Mountains, screes, outcrops, dry tundra, and openings in • West Crazy Mountains, shrub tundra. thickets. • South Fork Birch Creek. • South Fork Birch Creek, mesic to moist tundra and moist gelifluction Big Windy Hot Springs, forest understory. lobes.

Appendix C C-11 OXYTROPIS ARCTICA R. Br. OXYTROPIS SCAMMANIANA Hutten Beringian endemic, rarely found south ofthe Brooks Range. Scamman's 0xytrope • Mt. Schwatka, heath on rocky limestone slope, scattered, 4909. East Beringian endemic,first described from Eagle Summit. Lime Peak, heath and scree, scattered, 4790, 4859, 5502. Mt. Schwatka, rocky heath and rock summits, scattered, 4908, 5021. OXYTROPIS BOREALIS DC. Mt. Prindle vicinity, dry alpine tundra. Beringian endemic. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, rocky limestone low heath, 5615. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, 4893. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic herbaceous heath tundra, scattered, Victoria Mountain ridge, dry tundra ridgetops, 12066. 6382. East Crazy Mountains, mesic to dry calcareous slopes, 95-299. South Fork Birch Creek, dry tundra fellfield, scattered, 6372. OXYTROPIS SPLENDENS Douglas Westward range extension. OXYTROPIS BRYOPHILA (E. Greene) Yurtsev • East Crazy Mountains, limestone outcrop crevices, 95-30 I. Blackish 0xytrope = 0. nigrescens (Pallas) Fischer Beringian endemic. OXYTROPIS VISCIDA Nutt. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, commo, 4766. Sticky 0xytrope Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and screes, rocky heath, scattered, • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath, scattered to rare, 4949, 4962. 5665. Mt. Prindle vicinity, screes and exposed dry tundra. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry lichen-dryas tundra, scattered. Victoria Mountain ridge, dry ridgetops. West Crazy Mountains, dry rocky tundra, common, 95-239. South Fork Birch Creek. CORYDALIS PAUCIFLORA (Stephan) Pers. Few-flowered Corydalis OXYTROPIS CAMPESTRIS (L.) DC. s. lat. Lime Peak, herbaceous patch at base of granitic tors, rare, 4779, 4803. Northern 0xytrope • Mt. Schwatka, wet snowmelt moss heath patch, rare, 5090. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. includes 0. campestris (L.) DC. ssp. gracilis (Nelson) Hulten; 0. variens (Rydb.) Schumann West Crazy Mountains, moist, mossy sheltered sites, 95-211. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry limestone screes, scattered. South Fork Birch Creek. Victoria Mountain ridge, dry limestone screes, 5695. South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops at treeline, scattered, 6497. West Crazy Mountains, dryas-lichen fellfield, 5721.

OXYTROPIS DEFLEXA (Pallas) DC. GENTIANA ALGIDA Pallas Whitish Gentian Pendant Pod 0xytrope • Mt. Schatka, limestone screes, rare, 494 7. Lime Peak, gelifluction lobe, rare, 94-150. Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic alpine tundra. South Fork Birch Creek. OXYTROPIS HUDDELSONII A. Pors. East Beringian endemic. Ranked S2S3 by ANHP. South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops above heath ridge, scattered, GENTIANA GLAUCA Pallas 6511. Glaucus Gentian Lime Peak, herbaceous heath at base of tors, scattered to rare, 4770, 4871. OXYTROPIS MAYDELLIANA Trautv. Mt. Prindle vicinity, alpine tundra. Maydell's 0xytrope White Mountains, VABM Fossil. Mt. Schwatka, limestone dryas heath, scattered, 4910. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath, scattered, 5629. East Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra. GENTIANA PROSTRATA Haenke West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, common, 95-204, 95-246. Moss Gentian South Fork Birch Creek, mesic to moist tundra, scattered. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, bare moist soil in fellfield and heath, rare. • East Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra. OXYTROPIS MERTENSIANA Turcz. • South Fork Birch Creek, small bare soil patches, rare, 6467. Merten's Oxytrope Beringian endemic. South Fork Birch Creek, wet graminoid tundra, scattered to rare, GENTIANELLA PROPINQUA (Richardson) J.M. Gillett 6383. Four-parted Gentian = Gentians propinqua Richardson • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, small bare soil patches, rare, 5616.

C-12 AppendixC • South Fork Birch Creek, bare patches among rocks at tree line, rare, = L. tundricola Gorodk. 6514. Beringian endemic. Big Windy Hot Springs, Juday s.n. Lime Peak, moist herbaceous patches at base of tors, scattered, 4723. • Mt Schwatka, herbaceous sheep perch, 4942. Grossulariaceae (Gooseberry Family) LUZULA MULTIFLORA (Retz.) Lej. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath scree slope, 48 I 9. RIBES LACUSTRE (Pers.) Poiret East Crazy Mountains, thin dry soil on calcareous slope, 95-316. Bristly Black Current West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, 95-225, 95-247. • Big Windy Hot Springs, forest understory, rare, 6647. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous patches in outcrops, 6419.

RIBES TRISTE Pallas LUZULA PARVIFLORA (Ehrh.) Desv. Northern Red Current Mt Prindle vicinity, meadow and shrub tundra and screes. Lime Peak, among granitic tors, rare, 4785. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous understory of willow thicket, Big Windy Hot Springs, forest understory, scattered, Juday s.n. common, 6522.

Juncaceae (Rush Family) LUZULA WAHLEl'fBERGII Rupr. Lime Peak, ephemeral pools, 94-141. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines of mineral contact zone, JUNCUS BIGLUMIS L. rare, 5644. Lime Peak, ephemeral pools, 94-142. South Fork Birch Creek, moist grassy patch within heath tundra, • South Fork Birch Creek, bare soil. 6492.

JUNCUS BUFONIUS L. Lentibulariaceae (Bladderwort Family) • Big Windy Hot Springs, alkaline terraces at springs, 6595.

PINGUICULA VILLOSA L. JUNCUS CASTANEUS Smith South Fork Birch Creek. Lime Peak, gelifluction lobes, 94-155. East Crazy Mountains, boggy Sphagnum sites in open thickets below West Crazy Mountains, in fens, rare. treeline, 95-313. • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet disturbed soil at wildlife lick, 6630.

PINGUICULA VULGARIS L. JUNCUS TRIGLUMIS L. Butterwort Lime Peak, ephemeral pools, 94-143. Mt Schwatka, S-facing heath on limestone, rare, 4985. • South Fork Birch Creek. West Crazy Mountains, sedge-dryas tundra near limestone outcrop, rare, 5725. LUZULA ARCTICA Blytt • Lime Peak, snowmelt meadow, 94-159. Liliaceae (Lily Family)

LUZULA ARCUATA (Wahlenb.) Sw. ssp. LLOYDIA SEROTINA (L.) Reichb. UNALASCHCENSIS (Buchenau) Hutten Alp Lily Lime Peak, herbaceous streamside, 4831. Lime Peak, moist herbaceous patches at base of tor, scattered, 4724. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous gully and dryas heath, Mt Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, scattered, 4906. 6465, 6519, 6588. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry tundra. East Crazy Mountains, gravelly soils and calcareous outcrop crevices, LUZULA CONFUSA Lindeb. 95-298. Lime Peak, moist herbaceous patches and scree amoung tors, • South Fork Birch Creek, dry rocky tundra. frequent, 4725, 4733, 4826, 4841, 94-164. Mt Schwatka, dry, rocky dryas heath, 4991, 5027. TOFIELDIA COCCINEA Richardson • Mt Prindle vicinity, mesic to dry alpine tundra and screes. • East Crazy Mountains, rocky slopes and frost scars, 95-311. False Asphodel • West Crazy Mountains, rocky slope, dry tundra, frost scars, 95-207, Lime Peak, SE-facing grus and heath slopes, scattered to rare, 4734, 95-254. 4866. South Fork Birch Creek, moist frost scars and herbaceous heath, • Mt Schwatka, dryas heath on limestone, scattered, 4938. 6473, 6507. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry and mesic sites in limestone fellfield. Victoria Mountain ridge, dryas fellfield. LUZULA KJELLMANIANA Miyabe & Kudo East Crazy Mountains, calcareous tundra, rare, 95-322, 95-2968. West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, 95-210.

AppendixC C-13 • South Fork Birch Creek, mesic heath slope, scattered, 6402. Onagraceae (Evening Primrose Family)

TOFIELDIA PUSILLA (Michaux) Pers. CIRCAEA ALPINA L. Mt. Schwatka, dryas heath, scattered, 4937. Enchanter's Night Shade Mt Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra, scattered. Big Windy Hot Springs, moist shady sites among granitic boulders, East Crazy Mountains, mesic calcareous tundra and openings in thickets, common, 95-296A rare, 6607. West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic heath slope, scattered, 6403. EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM L. Tall Fireweed ZYGADENUS ELEGANS Pursh Lime Peak, lower slopes, mesic to moist herbaceous heath. Mt Prindle vicinity, subalpine meadows and shrub tundra. Death Camas Mt. Schwatka, moist herbaceous heath and meadows, 4988, 5051. West Crazy Mountains, base of rock outcrop. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. South Fork Birch Creek. Big Windy Hot Springs, margin of wet to moist canary grass meadow Victoria Mountain ridge, dry dryas tundra. East Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra and forest openings. West Crazy Mountains, dry gravelly ridges, limestone, 95-250. EPILOBIUM CILIATUM Raf. ssp. ADENOCAULON South Fork Birch Creek. (Hausskn.) Hoch & Raven =E. adenocauton Haussk. Lycopodiaceae (Clubmoss Family) • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet canary grass meadow, scattered, 6591.

HUPERZIA SELAGO (L.) C. Martius EPILOBIUM CILIATUM Raf. ssp. GLANDULOSUM Fir Clubmoss (Lehm.) Hoch & Raven = Lycopodium setago L. =E. gtandutosum Lehm. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered, 4763. Northward range extension for this coastal taxon. Mt. Schwatka, mossy, wet snowmelt patch, rare, 5081. Big Windy Hot Springs, wet disturbed soil below wildlife lick, rare, Mt Prindle vicinity, alpine tundra. 6631. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. East Crazy Mountains, mossy rocky north slopes, common. EPILOBIUM HORNEMANNII Reichb. West Crazy Mountains, rocky north slopes, in moss and snowbeds, • Big Windy Hot Springs, Juday s.n. 95-236. South Fork Birch Creek. Big Windy Hot Springs, Juday s.n. EPILOBIUM LATIFOLIUM L. Dwarf Fireweed Lime Peak, moist streamside. LYCOPODIUM ALPINUM L. Mt Schwatka, herbaceous heath on limestone, scattered, 4977. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered to frequent, 4 737. Mt Prindle vicinity, mesic alpine slopes. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, acidic rock scree and moist sites. Victoria Mountain ridge, moist draw West Crazy Mountains, mossy tundra, 95-240. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath, 6464. East Crazy Mountains, dry alpine tundra. West Crazy Mountains, screes and rocky slopes. South Fork Birch Creek. LYCOPODIUM ANNOTINUM L. Stiff Clubmoss Ophioglossaceae (Adder's Tongue Family) Lime Peak, willow thicket, scattered, 4791. Mt. Schwatka, snowmelt patches and moist mossy heath, rare to scattered, 5071, 5082. BOTRYCHIUM LUNARIA (L.) Sw. • South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous patches on rock outcrops, 6421. Moonwort Big Windy Hot Springs, Juday s.n. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous slopes below outcrops, sheep perch, rare, 6560. LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM L. • Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, rare to scattered, 4735. Orchidaceae (Orchid Family) Mt Prindle vicinity, shrub and mesic alpine tundra. • West Crazy Mountains, mossy tundra, north slopes and depressions, 95-241. CORALLORRHIZA TRIFIDA Chatel. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous patches on rock outcrops, 6417. Coral Root • Victoria Mountain ridge, wet mossy heath, rare, 5719. LYCOPODIUM COMPLANATUM L. • West Crazy Mountains, north slope heath-dwarf willow tundra, 95- • South Fork Birch Creek, forest understory. 226. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath, rare, 6449.

C-14 Appendix C CYPRIPEDIUM PASSERINUM Richardson = Bromus pumpelfianus Scribner var. arcticus (Shear) Pors. Lady Slipper Beringian endemic. • East Crazy Mountains, dry calcareous slopes, 95-314. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous sheep perch and cave entrance, rare, 5005. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous heath patch on small outcrop, 6505. PLATANTHERA OBTUSATA (Pursh) Lindley Big Windy Hot Springs, white spruce understory, rare, 6614. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub heath and herbaceous heath meadow, rare, 4982, 5076. Victoria Mountain ridge, moist shrub heath. CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS (Michaux) P. Beauv. East Crazy Mountains, calcareous mesic tundra, 95-303. Lime Peak, sheep perches among tors. West Crazy Mountains, moist mossy fens and sheltered north slopes, Mt. Prindle vicinity, thickets and subalpine meadows. 95-217, 95-221. East Crazy Mountains, boggy thickets. West Crazy Mountains, among open spruce and willows at treeline, scattered. Orobanchaceae(Broomrape Family) Big Windy Hot Springs, forest understory and disturbed soil of lick, 6639.

BOSCHNIAKIA ROSSICA (Cham. & Schldl.) R. Fedtsch. Broom rape CALAMAGROSTIS LAPPONICA (Wahlenb.) Hartman West Crazy Mountains, alder thickets. Mt. Prindle vicinity, dry alpine sites, 94-105. South Fork Birch Creek, alder thickets. • Big Windy Hot Springs, Juday s.n.

Papaveraceae (Poppy Family) CALAMAGROSTIS PURPURASCENS R. Br. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous sheep perch, 4978. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, sheep perch on limestone, 5652. PAPAVER LAPPONICUM (Tolm.) Nordh. East Crazy Mountains, dry slopes and rock crevices, especially on White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone scree, rare, 5680. calcareous sites. • Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone scree, 5704. West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, a dominant on steppe bluff, 95- 238, 95-266. South Fork Birch Creek, fellfield, 6400. PAPAVER MACOUNII E. Greene Big Windy Hot Springs, sheep perch on granitic outcrop, rare to • Lime Peak, heath, scattered to rare, 4800. scattered, 6646. Mt. Schwatka, volcanic heath and dryas mats, 4899. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dryas tundra on limestone, DESCHAMPSIA CESPITOSA (L.) P. Beauv. scattered. • Lime Peak, ephemeral pools, 94-140. East Crazy Mountains, limestone crevices and openings in alder. West Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra and openings in thickets, 95- 213. ELYMUS ALASKANUS (Scribner & Merr.) A. Loeve South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath tundra, scattered to = Agropyron boreale (Turcz.) Drobov rare, 6377, 6455. East Crazy Mountains, limestone oucrop crevices, 95-300. • West Crazy Mountains, limestone outcrop, 95-278. PAPAVER RADICATUM Rottb. Mt. Schwatka, volcanic heath slope, 5032. ELYMUS ALASKANUS (Scribner & Merr.) A. Loeve ssp. HYPERARCTICUS (Polunin) A. Loeve & D. Loeve Poaceae (Grass Family) = Agropyron boreale (Turcz.) Drobov ssp. hyperarcticum (Polunin) Mederis AGROSTIS MERTENSII Trin. • Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous sheep perch, 4926. • Big Windy Hot Springs, moist soil along stream, rare, 6642.

AGROSTIS SCABRA Willd. ELYMUS MACROURUS (Turcz.) Tzvelev • Big Windy Hot Springs, cold seepage area at base of cliff, 6622. = Agropyron macrourum (Turcz.) Drobov. Beringian endemic. • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet disturbed soil of wildlife lick, rare, 6635. ARCTAGROSTIS LATIFOLIA (R. Br.) Griseb. Polar Grass Lime Peak, wet sites below gelifluction lobes, 94-147. ELYMUS TRACHYCAULUS (Link) Gould ex Shinners s. • Mt. Schwatka, moist streamside. lat. • East Crazy Mountains, dry rocky saddle, 95-325. = Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange s. lat. South Fork Birch Creek. • South Fork Birch Creek, exposed rock outcrops on heath slope. • Big Windy Hot Springs, open aspen patch on schist outcrop, Juday BROMOPSIS PUMPELLIANA (Scribner) Holub ssp. s.n. ARCTICA (Shear) A. Loeve & D. Loeve

Appendix C C-15 ELYMUS TRACHYCAULUS (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. FESTUCA RUBRA L. MAJOR (Vasey) Tzvelev Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub heath meadow and herbaceous sheep = Agropyron pauciflorum (Schwein.) Hitch. ssp. major perches, 4927, 5055. (Vasey) Mederis South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous sites near outcrops, 6589. Big Windy Hot Springs, moist herbaceous sites at base of granite wall, 6592, 6608. FESTUCA VIVIPARA (L.) Smith White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath at base oflimestone tors, 5661. ELYMUS TRACHYCAULUS (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. NOVAE-ANGLIAE (Scribner) Tzvelev = Agropyron pauciflorum (Schwein.) Hitchc. ssp. novae­ HIEROCHLOE ALPINA (Sw.) Roemer & Schultes angliae (Scribn.) Melderis Alpine Holy Grass • Big Windy Hot Springs, sheep perch on granitic outcrops, rare, 66 J 5. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, common, 4743. Mt Schwatka, rocky frost boils, 5026. Mt. Prindle vicinity, dry alpine tundra, common. ELYMUS TRACHYCAULUS (Link) Gould ex Shinners White Mountains, VABM Fossil. ssp. VIOLACEUS (Hornem.) A. Loeve & D. Loeve East Crazy Mountains, dry tundra and rocky forest openings. = Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange ssp. vio/aceum West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, abundant. Big Windy Hot Springs, aspen understory on schist outcrop, rare, South Fork Birch Creek. 6644. HIEROCHLOE ODORATA (L.) P. Beauv. ELYTRIGIA SPICATA (Pursh) D.R. Dewey Vanilla Grass Big Windy Hot Springs, forest - canary grass meadow margin, rare, = Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribner & Smith • South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops within forest, rare, 6485. 6603.

FESTUCA ALTAICA Trin. POA ABBREVIATA R. Br. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, common, 4 73 J. • Lime Peak, herbaceous heath patch at base of tors, rare, 4878. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub heath meadow, 5048. Mt. Prindle vicinity, meadows and mesic tundra, common. PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA L. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath, frequent, 5633. Reed Canary Grass Victoria Mountain ridge, moist draw East Crazy Mountains, mesic alpine tundra and forest openings, Minor range extension within Alaska where it is known from common. several very disjunct localities in the interior. Ranked S3 by West Crazy Mountains, mesic to dry tundra, forest openings, common ANHP. Big Windy Hot Springs, wet seepage meadow at hot springs, to abundant. abundant, 6612. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic herbaceous heath and moist meadows.

FESTUCA BAFFINENSIS Polunin POA ALPIGENA (Fries) Lindman • Big Windy Hot Springs, Juday s.n. • Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, 4958.

FESTUCA BRACHYPHYLLA Schultes & Schultes F. POA ARCTICA R. Br. Lime Peak, snow.melt meadows, herbaceous sheep perches, frequent, • Lime Peak, ephemeral pools, scree, sheep perches, scattered, 4742, 4832,5490,94-129. 4838,4838,94-145. Mt. Schwatka, rocky frost boil summit, 5025. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist mossy draw, sheep perches, common, 5645, 5649, 5674. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines of mineral contact zone, East Crazy Mountains, alpine tundra. 5643. West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra. South Fork Birch Creek, base of outcrops in dry fellfield, 6539. South Fork Birch Creek, dry rockv fellfield and herbaceous heath frequent, 6371, 6528. , ' FESTUCA LENENSIS Drobov = F. ovina L. ssp. a/askana Holmen in part POA GLAUCA M. Vahl Beringian endemic widespread in East Asia and recently • Mt. Schwatka, limestone screes, sheep perches, frost boils, scattered, recognized in the North American flora. Ranked S2S3 by 4917,4966,4999, 5024. ANHP. East Crazy Mountains, dry gravelly soils. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, scattered, 4916, 4945. • West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, screes, and outcrops, 95-248, 95- Victoria Mountain ridge, disturbed sheep area on limestone, 5698, 267, 95-272. 12062. South Fork Birch Creek, fell field and rock outcrops, 6401, 6506. Big Windy Hot Springs, ledges on granitic rock wall, 6601.

C-16 Appendix C POA PAUCISPICULA Scribner & Merr. PHLOX HOODII Richardson Beringian endemic. Minor westward range extension within Yukon-Tanana Uplands. Lime Peak, gelifluction lobes and snowmelt meadows, 94-152, 94- Ranked SJS2 by ANHP. 158. South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops on white spruce slope, rare, South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous draw, 6578. 6505A.

POA PORSILDII Gjaerevoll POLEMONIUM ACUTIFLORUM Willd. = Poa vaseyochloa Scribner sensu Hulten Jacob's Ladder East Beringian endemic, narrowly restricted to eastern interior Lime Peak, moist herbaceous and snowmelt meadows, scattered, Alaska and central Yukon Territory, Canada. Ranked S2 by 4797, 4804. ANHP. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous sheep perch, 4955. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. moist herbaceous heath gully, rare, Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist tundra and subalpine meadows. 5634. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath shrub tundra, 5623. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath and mossy Victoria Mountain ridge, mesic herbaceous heath near treeline. hummocks, scattered, 6378, 6436, 6454, 6493, 6562. South Fork Birch Creek.

POA PRATENSIS L. POLEMONIUM BOREALE J. Adams • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet disturbed soil of wildlife lick, rare, 6634. Northern Jacob's Ladder Beringian endemic. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous sheep perch, rare, 4959. POA PSEUDOABBREVIATA Rosch. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist lichen moss heath. Beringian endemic. East Crazy Mountains, limestone outcrops, ledges and crevices, 95- • Mt. Schwatka, limestone ridge, 5078. 285.

PUCCINELLIA BOREALIS Swallen POLEMONIUM PULCHERRIMUM Hook. Beringian endemic. • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet alkaline terraces, rare, 6594. Pretty Jacob's Ladder • South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous site under outcrop, rare, 6397.

PUCCINELLIA INTERIOR T. Sorensen East Beringian endemic. • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet alkaline terraces, rare, 6605. BISTORTA PLUMOSA (Small) E. Greene Pink Bistort TRISETUM SIBIRICUM Rupr. ssp. LITORALE (Rupr.) = Polygonum bistorta L. Rosch. • Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered, 4820. Circumpolar, having few known localities in northern Alaska. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath meadow, 5074. Ranked S2 by ANHP. Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist alpine tundra. • Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath along stream, rare, White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dryas heath around tors. 5079. East Crazy Mountains, moist tundra and openings in boggy thickets. West Crazy Mountains, moist tundra, common. TRISETUM SPICATUM (L.) K. Richter South Fork Birch Creek. Lime Peak, moist meadows below gelifluction lobes, 94-146. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous sheep perch on limestone, 4940. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, sheep perch on limestone, 5653. BISTORTA VIVIPARA (L.) Gray West Crazy Mountains, dry rocky tundra and screes. Alpine Bistort South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous streamside, 6587. = Polygonum vivipara L. Big Windy Hot Springs, moist soil along stream, 6641. Lime Peak, mesic to moist heath and meadows, scattered. Mt. Schwatka, limestone scree and dryas mats, 4941. Mt. Prindle vicinity, alpine tundra. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, seepage area in limestone. • East Crazy Mountains, mesic calcareous slopes and forest openings, PHLOX ALASKENSIS Jordal 95-286. = P. sibirica L. ssp. siblrica • West Crazy Mountains, moist to dry tundra, common. Beringian endemic and minor range extension, new to Yukon­ • South Fork Birch Creek. Tanana Uplands. Big Windy Hot Springs, wet disturbed soil of wildlife lick. Mt. Schwatka, rocky limestone herbaceous heath, scattered, 4946. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, low limestone heath, rare, 5627. Victoria Mountain ridge, dry exposed ridges, 12054. OXYRIA DIGYNA (L.) Hill Mountain Sorrel Lime Peak, herbaceous sheep perch, scattered to rare, 4825. • Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath at base of limestone scree, scattered.

Appendix C C-17 White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist disturbed sites in heath, 5631. • South Fork Birch Creek. Victoria Mountain ridge, mesic heath near treeline. West Crazy Mountains, moist fens on sheltered slope, 95-216. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous draw, 64 79. ANDROSACE SEPTENTRIONALIS L. West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, bare soil on steppe bluff, 95- 270. POLYGONUM ALASKANUM (Small) W. Wight South Fork Birch Creek, lush sheep perch on top of outcrops, 6550. Wild Rhubarb East Beringian endemic. Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra, thicket margins in lower valley. DODECATHEON FRIGIDUM Cham. & Schldl. East Crazy Mountains, moist mossy soils, treeline to alpine. Shooting Star South Fork Birch Creek. Beringian endemic. Big Windy Hot Springs, canary grass - forest margin, infrequent, Lime Peak, moist front of gelifluction lobe, 4727, 4806. Juday s.n. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub heath meadow along stream, 5038. Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic alpine slopes and subalpine meadows. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath tundra, 5630. RUMEX ACETOSA L. ssp. ALPESTRIS (Scop.) Loeve South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous fronts of gelifluction Sheep Sorrel lobes. Rare in eastern interior Alaska. Mt. Schwatka, moist tundra meadow, 5012. Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 12077 DOUGLASIA ARCTICA Hook. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist, mossy draw, scattered to rare, Narrowly restricted East Beringian endemic. Ranked S2S3 by 5673. ANHP. Mt. Schwatka, moist tundra meadow on volcanic rock, rare, 4894, 4995, 5018. RUMEX ARCTICUS Trautv. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, low heath on limestone-volcanic contact, rare, 5620. Arctic Dock Victoria Mountain ridge, acidic rock screes, scattered to rare, 12068. Beringian endemic. • South Fork Birch Creek, moist graminoid meadow, rare, 6530. DOUGLASIA GOR1\1ANII Constance East Beringian endemic. Ranked S2S3 by ANHP. West Crazy Mountains, screes and exposed ridge crests, 95-224, 95- 233. CLAYTONIA SARMENTOSA C. Meyer Spring Beauty PRIMULA EXIMIA E. Greene Beringian endemic. P. tschuktschorum Kjellman var. arctica (Koidz.) Fern. Lime Peak, moist graminoid meadow, rare, 4856. = • Mt. Prindle vicinity, seepages on slopes, 94-10 I. Beringian endemic, second locality for Yukon-Tanana Uplands. • South Fork Birch Creek, moist, lush snowmelt patch, rare, 6443.

CLAYTONIA TUBEROSA Pallas Beringian endemic. TRIENTALIS EUROPAEA L. Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 12078. Starflower South Fork Birch Creek, wet mossy seepage area in heath, rare to • Big Windy Hot Springs, fem understory, rare, 6640. scattered, 6428.

MONTIA BOSTOCKII (A. Pors.) Welsh = Claytonia bostockii A. Pors. ORTHILIA SECUNDA (L.) House ssp. OBTUSATA (Turcz.) Narrowly restricted East Beringian endemic, range extension Bocher within Yukon-Tanana Uplands. Ranked S3 by ANHP. South Fork Birch Creek, wet mossy sites in herbaceous heath tundra, One-sided Wintergreen scattered, 6406, 6433, 6501. = Pyro/a secunda L. Primulaceae (Primrose Family) Lime Peak, snowmelt area, rare, 4855C. • Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath at base of limestone scree, scattered. • West Crazy Mountains, moist tundra on sheltered slopes, uncommon. ANDROSACE CHAMAEJASME Host Rock Jasmine PYROLA ASARIFOLIA Michaux Lime Peak, grus slope and wet snowmelt patches, rare, 4 772, 5491. Pink Pyrola Mt. Schwatka, dryas mat on limestone, scattered, 4903. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, rare, 4855B. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry dryas lichen fellfield. • Big Windy Hot Springs, forest understory, rare, 6629. • Victoria Mountain ridge, dry tundra and screes. East Crazy Mountains, sedge and dryas tundra on calcareous slopes, common, 95-297.

C-18 Appendix C PYROLA GRANDIFLORA Radius West Crazy Mountains, moist hummocks to dry, exposed screes, Large-flowered Wintergreen common. Lime Peak, snowmelt patches, rare, 4855C, 550 I. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous gelifluction lobe front, Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath and wet snowmelt patches, 4976, common. 5086. Mt. Prindle vicinity, thickets and shrub tundra. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath on volcanic boulders. ANEMONE PARVIFLORA Michaux East Crazy Mountains, birch thickets and openings in white spruce Windflower forest. Lime Peak, moist snowmelt meadow, frequent, 4799. West Crazy Mountains, mesic soil and in moss in shrub tundra and Mt. Schwatka, rocky, limestone heath, 4964. thickets. Mt. Prindle vicinity, subalpine meadows, 94-119. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath, rare, 6381. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous draw. Victoria Mountain ridge, moist draw. East Crazy Mountains, mesic alpine tundra. PYROLA MINOR L. West Crazy Mountains, moist sheltered sites, scattered. Small-flowered Wintergreen South Fork Birch Creek. Northern edge ofrange. Mt. Prindle vicinity, subalpine meadows, moist tundra, 94-121. South Fork Birch Creek, open low heath in snowmelt patch, rare, ANEMONE RICHARDSONII Hook. 6529. Yellow Anemone Lime Peak, moist front of gelifluction lobe, scattered to rare, 4802. Mt. Schwatka, moist herbaceous shrub heath meadow, 5043. Mt. Prindle vicinity, thickets and subalpine meadows. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous heath draw, rare, 5635. ACONITUM DELPHINIFOLIUM DC. Victoria Mountain ridge, herbaceous heath near treeline. Monkshood West Crazy Mountains, moist fens and thickets. Lime Peak, gelifluction lobe, 94-148. South Fork Birch Creek, moist draw, 6480. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath at base of limestone scree. Mt. Prindle vicinity, subalpine meadows. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, seepage area on limestone. DELPHINIUM GLAUCUM S. Watson East Crazy Mountains, rocky south slopes, 95-279. Larkspur West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, scattered. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath at base of limestone scree, scattered South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous patch among rocks, 6431. to rare. • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet canary grass meadow, scattered, 6619. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, sheltered sites among limestone boulders. Victoria Mountain ridge, herbaceous heath near treeline. ACTAEA RUBRA (Aiton) Willd. South Fork Birch Creek, sheltered herbaceous patchs among rocks, Baneberry rare, 6546. • Big Windy Hot Springs, forest understory, rare, 6627. Big Windy Hot Springs, aspen stand at top of headwall, rare, 6645.

ANEMONE DRUMMONDII S. Watson PULSATILLA PATENS (L.) Miller Blue Anemone Pasque Flower • Lime Peak, barren grus, rare, 4857. • West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff, 95-256. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous sheep perch, rare, 4896. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, among volcanic boulders, rare, 5609. RANUNCULUS CYMBALARIA Pursh Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone scree, 5701, 12064. • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet alkaline terraces, scattered, 6606. East Crazy Mountains, limestone outcrop ledges and crevices, 95- 291. South Fork Birch Creek, dry fellfield and lush herbaceous slope, RANUNCULUS ESCHSCHOLTZII Schlechter 6376, 6535. Mountain Buttercup • South Fork Birch Creek, wet tussocks, scattered to rare, 6388.

ANEMONE NARCISSIFLORA L. Narcissus-flowered Anemone RANUNCULUS GLACIALIS L. ssp. CAMISSONIS Lime Peak, moist herbaceous patches among tors and grus slopes, (Schlechter) Hulten common, 4720, 4732. Beringian endemic, knownfrom only a few highly disjunct • Mt. Schwatka, rocky, volcanic heath slope, 5031. localities in Alaska.. Ranked S2 by ANHP. Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic to dry tundra, common. Lime Peak, snowmelt patch, rare, 5497. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, rocky, low heath, common, 5611. • Mt. Prindle vicinity, wet sedge basins, 94-112. Victoria Mountain ridge, moist draw. • East Crazy Mountains, rocky alpine tundra.

Appendix C C-19 RANUNCULUS HYPERBOREUS Rottb. DRYAS INTEGRIFOLIA M. Vahl ssp. INTEGRIFOLIA Creeping Buttercup Mt. Schwatka, rocky limestone heath, 4969B. Big Windy Hot Springs, cold seepage area at base of granite face, White Mountains, VABM Fossil. rare, 6623. East Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, especially on limestone slopes and outcrops, 95-302. West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra on ridge crests, scattered. RANUNCULUS NIVALIS L. South Fork Birch Creek, wet mossy seepage within heath, 6438. Snow Buttercup Lime Peak, moist snowmelt meadows and moist herbaceous sites, frequent, 4729, 4758, 4843. DRYAS OCTOPETALA L. Mt. Schwatka, seepage area on volcanic slope, 5033. Eight-petalled Avens White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist moss, 564 l. Lime Peak, fellfield, common to abundant, 4717. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath and snowmelt Mt. Schwatka, dry rocky dryas heath, common to abundant, 4992. patches, 6387, 6447, 6521. Mt. Prindle vicinity, dry exposed alpine tundra. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, low heath on limestone, abundant, 5619. RANUNCULUS PEDATIFIDUS Smith ssp. AFFINIS (R Victoria Mountain ridge, dry dryas-lichen tundra, common to Br.) Hulten abundant. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous sheep perch on rock outcrop, East Crazy Mountains, dry tundra. 6580. West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra on ridge crests and exposed slopes, common. South Fork Birch Creek, dry dryas tundra, common to abundant. RANUNCULUS PYGMAEUS Wahlenb. South Fork Birch Creek, in moss on rock face and moist herbaceous sites, 6457, 6590. DRYAS SYLVATICA (Hulten) A. Pors. = D. integrifolia M. Vahl ssp. sylvatica (Hulten) Hulten • Mt. Schwatka, treeline below limestone tors, scattered, 5064. RANUNCULUS SULPHUREUS Sol. • Lime Peak, snowmelt meadow, scattered, 4787. NOVOSIEVERSIA GLACIALIS (J. Adams) F. Bolle = Geum glaciale J. Adams THALICTRUM ALPINUM L. Beringian endemic, minor southward range extension. Alpine Meadow Rue White Mountains, VABM Fossil, rocky limestone low heath, rare, Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, 4888. 5612. South Fork Birch Creek. South Fork Birch Creek, moist heath, rare, 6379.

PENTAPHYLLOIDES FLORIBUNDA (Pursh) A. Loeve Tundra Rose ACOMASTYLIS ROSSII (R Br.) E. Greene = Potentilla fruticosa L. Ross's Avens Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath, scattered, 4989. = Geum ross1i (R.Br.) Ser White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone screes and heath. Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra in lower valley. Beringian endemic. East Crazy Mountains, lower slopes and openings in spruce forest, Lime Peak, moist herbaceous heath meadow, rare, 4736. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines in mineral contact zone, common. South Fork Birch Creek. rare, 5642. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic heath, 6393. POTENTILLA BIFLORA Willd. ex Schldl. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath at base of limestone tors, rare, DRYAS ALASKENSIS A. Pors. 5667. Alaska Avens South Fork Birch Creek, dry fellfield, 6407. = D. octopeta/a L. ssp. a/askensis (A. Pors.) Hulten East Beringian endemic. Lime Peak, moist snowmelt patches and herbaceous heath, common POTENTILLA ELEGANS Cham. & Schldl. to abundant, 4798, 4815. Beringian endemic. Mt. Schwatka, rocky limestone heath, 4969A. • Lime Peak, grus and seepage areas at base of tors, rare, 4824. Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist sheltered alpine tundra. • Mt. Prindle vicinity, outcrop crevices. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist shady base of limestone tors. South Fork Birch Creek, moist rock ledges, 6437. Victoria Mountain ridge, moist draw. East Crazy Mountains, weakly calcareous slopes at treeline. West Crazy Mountains, open thickets, fens and limestone outcrops, POTENTILLA HOOKERIANA Lehm. 95-273. East Crazy Mountains, limestone outcrops ledges and crevices. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous heath, 6471. • West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff, 95-262.

C-20 Appendix C South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops on heath ridges, rare to RUBUS IDAEUS L. infrequent, 6494. Raspberry • Big Windy Hot Springs, moist to wet canary grass meadow, scattered to rare. POTENTILLA HYPARCTICA Matte Lime Peak, mesic herbaceous sites and sheep perches, scattered to rare,4744,4828,5493. SIBBALDIA PROCUMBENS L. Lime Peak, gravelly disturbed soil, rare, 94-160. • Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic to dry tundra, 94-I 07. POTENTILLA NIVEA L. South Fork Birch Creek, disturbed soil in snowmelt patch, rare, 6531. • Lime Peak, summit of small rock tors, rare, 4854. • West Crazy Mountains, limestone outcrops, ledges and crevices in limestone, 5724, 95-274. SPIRAEA STEVENII (C. Schneider) Rydb. • South Fork Birch Creek, scree in heavy sheep use area, rare, 6579. Alaska Spiraea = S. beauverdiana C. Schneider POTENTILLA PENSYLVANICA L. • Lime Peak, lower slopes near treeline. • West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff. Victoria Mountain ridge, moist heath sites near treeline. • South Fork Birch Creek, lush herbaceous sheep perches, rare, 6548. • Mt. Prindle vicinity, sheltered slopes in lower valley, scattered. • Big Windy Hot Springs, sheep perches on granitic outcrop, rare, West Crazy Mountains, sheltered slopes near treeline. 6613. South Fork Birch Creek.

POTENTILLA UNIFLORA Ledeb. Single-flowered Cinquefoil Lime Peak, moist herbaceous heath, scattered, 4722, 4756. GALIUM BOREALE L. • Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, 4918, 4919, 4920. Northern Bedstraw • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone scree and volcanic • Big Windy Hot Springs, dry aspen understory on granitic outcrop, boulders, 5660, 5686. • Victoria Mountain ridge, limestone scree and disturbed sheep areas, common. 5696,5697,5710,5717. • East Crazy Mountains, rocky soils, screes, ledges, and crevices in Salicaceae (Willow Family) outcrops. South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops, scattered, 6410, 6440, 6491, 6558,6559,6571,6572,6573. SALIX ALAXENSIS (Andersson) Cov. Felt-leaf Willow • Lime Peak, thickets along small stream, abundant, 4822. ROSA ACICULARIS Lindley • Mt. Schwatka, moist herbaceous shrub heath meadow, 5046. Wild Rose • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath on lower slopes and moist • Mt. Schwatka, moist herbaceous shrub heath meadow, 5049. gullies. • East Crazy Mountains, south slopes, rare. • South Fork Birch Creek. • West Crazy Mountains, near treeline and on steppe bluff, scattered. • Big Windy Hot Springs, streamside, common. • South Fork Birch Creek, drier lower slopes near treeline and base of outcrops. • Big Windy Hot Springs, canary grass meadow margin, forest SALIX ARBUSCULOIDES Andersson understory. Littletree Willow • South Fork Birch Creek, at treeline. RUBUS ARCTICUS L. Nagoon Berry SALIX ARCTICA Pallas • Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra in lower valley. Arctic Dwarf Willow • Mt. Schwatka, rocky limestone heath, 4971. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry dryas-lichen tundra on RUBUS CHAMAEMORUS L. limestone. Cloudberry • Victoria Mountain ridge, dry dryas fellfield and heath. • Victoria Mountain ridge, moist sites near treeline. • East Crazy Mountains, alpine tundra, openings in forest near treeline, • Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra. 95-283, 95-3 I 9. • East Crazy Mountains, boggy, Sphagnum openings in birch and alder West Crazy Mountains, shrub tundra, 95-245. thickets. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic to moist heath and snowmelt West Crazy Mountains, moist tundra and openings in thickets. meadows. South Fork Birch Creek.

SALIX BEBBIANA Sarg. BebbWlllow • Big Windy Hot Springs, streamside and in aspen, common.

AppendixC C-21 SALIX BRACHYCARPA Nutt. ssp. NJPHOCLADA (Rydb.) • South Fork Birch Creek, moist heath and lower slopes. Argus Lime Peak, ridges and slope, 4761. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone rubble, rare. SALIX POLARIS Wahlenb. Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 12075 Lime Peak, herbaceous heath and snowmelt patches, 4754, 4814, 94- Victoria Mountain ridge, lower limestone slopes, 5712. 135. West Crazy Mountains, shrub tundra on sheltered slopes and ridges, Mt. Schwatka, wet snowmelt patch, 5088. 95-209. South Fork Birch Creek, mossy heath and wet seepage areas, 6429, 6450, 6568.

SALIX CHAMISSONIS Andersson Chamisso Willow SALIX PSEUDOMONTICOLA C.R Ball Beringian endemic. = S. padophylla Rydb. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath and snowmelt meadows, scattered to East Crazy Mountains, openings and understory of forest near frequent, 4773, 4757, 4793, 4807, 4849, 5504. treeline, 95-305. Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist to wet tundra, common. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous heath and moist gelifluction lobes, 6470, 6526. SALIX RETICULATA L. Net-veined Willow Lime Peak, moist snowmelt patch, scattered to frequent, 4868. SALIX GLAUCA L. Mt. Schwatka, limestone heath, 4956. Gray leaf Willow Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic alpine tundra. Mt. Schwatka, shrub heath on limestone, 4924. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dry dryas-lichen tundra and moist East Crazy Mountains, sheltered sites on tundra and openings in herbaceous. forest Victoria Mountain ridge, dry dryas fellfield, heath, and moist draw. West Crazy Mountains, tundra, scattered. East Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra, forest and thicket openings. South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops at treeline, 6525. West Crazy Mountains, fens and dry tundra, abundant. South Fork Birch Creek.

SALIX HASTATA L. • Mt. Schwatka, shrub heath on limestone, 4979. SALIX ROTUNDIFOLIA Trautv. Least Willow Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic to dry alpine tundra and screes. SALIX LANATA L. ssp. RICHARDSONII (Hook.) A. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone rubble and moist sites, Skvortsov scattered, 5668. Richardson's Willow Victoria Mountain ridge, dry dryas fellfield. Mt. Schwatka, moist draw. South Fork Birch Creek. West Crazy Mountains, wet sheltered draws, forming thickets, 95- 255. South Fork Birch Creek, herbaceous heath, 6474.

SALIX PHLEBOPHYLLA Andersson GEOCAULON LIVIDUM (Richardson) Fern. Beringian endemic. Pumpkin Berry Lime Peak, herbaceous heath and dry snowmelt patches, 4760, 4784, Mt Schwatka, treeline as base oflimestone tors, scattered, 5066. 4821. East Crazy Mountains, forests and forest openings near treeline. Mt. Schwatka, dry rocky dryas heath, common, 4994, 5030. South Fork Birch Creek. East Crazy Mountains, rocky exposed tundra. West Crazy Mountains, moist mossy hummocks and dry dryas tundra, 95-252, 95-253. South Fork Birch Creek, dry rocky tundra. BOYKINIA RJCHARDSONII (Hook.) A. Gray SALIX PLANIFOLIA Pursh ssp. PULCHRA (Cham.) Bearflower Argus East Beringian endemic. Diamond-leaf Willow White Mountains, VABM Fossil, mesic sites at base of tors, rare. • South Fork Birch Creek, mesic to moist heath, scattered. = S. pulchra Cham. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, common to abundant, 4740. Mt. Schwatka, moist shrub herbaceous heath meadow, 5072. CHRYSOSPLENIUM TETRANDRUM (N. Lund) T.C.E. Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra and thickets, common. Fries White Mountains, VABM Fossil, heath on lower slope and moist Northern Water Carpet gullies. South Fork Birch Creek, wet streamside, rare, 6584. East Crazy Mountains, moist tundra and forest openings. Big Windy Hot Springs, wet mossy seepage among rocks, 6625. West Crazy Mountains, moist sheltered draws and tundra slopes, 95- 244.

C-22 Appendix C PARNASSIA KOTZEBUEI Cham. & Schldl. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous draw, scattered to Small Grass-of-Parnassus rare, 5632. Mt. Schwatka, limestone heath, 4932. South Fork Birch Creek, snowmelt meadows. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous draw, 6574. Big Windy Hot Springs, wet canary grass meadow. SAXIFRAGA HIRCULUS L. Bog Saxifrage PARNASSIA PALUSTRIS L. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath at base of limestone scree, rare. Grass-of Parnassus White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines of mineral contact zone, • Big Windy Hot Springs, wet canary grass meadow. rare. Victoria Mountain ridge, moist heath near treeline. South Fork Birch Creek. SAXIFRAGA BRONCHIALIS L. Yellow Spotted Saxifrage Lime Peak, rocky fellfield, scattered to rare. SAXIFRAGA NELSONIANA D. Don Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath at base of limestone scree, scattered Brook Saxifrage to rare. = S. punctata L. ssp. nelsoniana (D.Don) Hulten White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines of mineral contact zone, Beringian endemic. rare. Lime Peak, snowmelt patches and moist shrub thicket, scattered to West Crazy Mountains, with dryas on exposed site, rare. frequent,4853,4867, 94-126. South Fork Birch Creek. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous moss meadow, scattered, 5005. Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist depression, gullies, seepages. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous draw, scattered to SAXIFRAGA CAESPITOSA L. rare. Tufted Saxifrage East Crazy Mountains, moist tundra and openings in birch and alder Minor range extension, new to Yukon-Tanana Uplands. thickets. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone tor, rare, 5682. West Crazy Mountains, shrub tundra and moist openings in thickets, 95-202. South Fork Birch Creek, mossy rock face, rare, 6460. SAXIFRAGA CALYCINA Sternb. Big Windy Hot Springs, Juday s.n. = S. davurica Willd. ssp. grandipetala (Engler & lrmsch.) Hulten Beringian endemic. SAXIFRAGA NIVALIS L. Lime Peak, ephemeral pools, 94-144. Snow Saxifrage South Fork Birch Creek, mesic heath and moist open draw, rare, 6390, White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines of mineral contact zone, 6478. rare, 5639.

SAXIFRAGA CERNUA L. SAXIFRAGA OPPOSITIFOLIA L. Bulblet Saxifrage Purple Mountain Saxifrage Lime Peak, herbaceous patches at base of tors, rare, 4846. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, scattered, 4904. Mt. Schwatka, limestone rock crevices, rare, 4939. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist limestone scree, scattered to White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines of mineral contact zone, common, 5621. rare. Victoria Mountain ridge, screes and dry dryas tundra, scattered. South Fork Birch Creek, moist grassy site among rocks, 6427. East Crazy Mountains, rock outcrops and scree. South Fork Birch Creek, wet mossy seepage area, rare, 6412. SAXIFRAGA FLAGELLARIS Willd. Spider Plant SAXIFRAGA REFLEXA Hook. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines of mineral contact zone, East Beringian endemic. rare, 5640. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, rare, 4753, 4818. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath, 6456. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, scattered, 4882. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, base of limestone tors, rare, 5663. Victoria Mountain ridge, 12071. SAXIFRAGA FOLIOLOSA R. Br. East Crazy Mountains, rocky tundra and outcrops. Grained Saxifrage • West Crazy Mountains, dry tundra, outcrops and steppe bluff, 95-242. • Lime Peak, disturbed gravelly sites and near tors, rare, 5499, 94- I 62. South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops on heath ridge, 6512.

SAXIFRAGA HIERACIFOLIA Waldst. & Kit. SAXIFRAGA RIVULARIS L. Stiff-stemmed Saxifrage • Lime Peak, wet rock crevices and stream banks, rare, 4767, 4835. • Lime Peak, snow.melt patch, 94-125. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist fines of mineral contact zone, • Mt. Schwatka, moist heath, scattered, 4944. rare. Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist shrub tundra and thickets in lower valley.

AppendixC C-23 SAXIFRAGA SPICATA D. Don PEDICULARIS CAPITATA J. Adams Spiked Saxifrage Capitate Lousewort East Beringian endemic. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered, 4 738. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist mossy draw under willow, Mt. Schwatka, limestone heath, 4973. rare, 5694. Mt. Prindle vicinity, alpine tundra, common. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. Victoria Mountain ridge, 12057. SAXIFRAGA TRICUSPIDATA Rottb. East Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra, common. Three-toothed Saxifrage West Crazy Mountains, mesic to dry tundra, scattered. Lime Peak, tops of granitic tors, scattered, 4851. South Fork Birch Creek. Mt. Schwatka, limestone outcrops and scree, common, 4881. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. Victoria Mountain ridge, dry heath and scree, scattered. PEDICULARIS INTERIOR (Hulten) Molau & D.F. Murray East Crazy Mountains, dry rocky slopes and outcrops. = P. sudetica Willd. ssp. interior Hulten, P. sudetica Willd. ssp. West Crazy Mountains, dry rocky tundra, screes, outcrops. interioides Hulten South Fork Birch Creek, rock outcrops at treeline, rare, 6490. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath on limestone, 4933. Big Windy Hot Springs, margin of moist canary grass meadow. Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist tundra. East Crazy Mountains, moist soil in forest opening at treeline, 95-317. South Fork Birch Creek, moist herbaceous heath, 6448.

PEDICULARIS LABRADORICA Wirs. CASTILLEJA CAUDATA (Pennell) Rebrist. Lime Peak, hummocky heath, rare, 4781. Yellow Paintbrush Mt. Schwatka, treeline below limestone tors, scattered, 5059. Beringian endemic. Mt. Prindle vicinity, shrub tundra in lower valley. Victoria Mountain ridge, moist herbaceous heath draw, 5711. East Crazy Mountains, moist tundra, forest openings, alder thickets, • West Crazy Mountains, dry rocky dryas tundra, 95-251. common. West Crazy Mountains, fens to screes, several types of habitats, 95- 230. CASTILLEJA ELEGANS Malte South Fork Birch Creek. Elegant Paintbrush Beringian endemic. • South Fork Birch Creek, dryas lichen tundra, rare, 6380, 6513. PEDICULARIS LANATA Cham. & Schldl. Wooley Lousewort = P. kanei Durand CASTILLEJA HYPERBOREA Pennell Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered to frequent, 4747. Paintbrush Mt. Schwatka, limestone heath. East Beringian endemic. Mt. Prindle vicinity, alpine tundra and granite screes. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered, 4752. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath, 5657. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath, scattered, 4987. East Crazy Mountains, dry alpine tundra, common. Mt. Prindle vicinity, mesic alpine tundra. West Crazy Mountains, dry rocky exposed sites and low shrub birch White Mountains, VABM Fossil, limestone heath, 5655. turdra. East Crazy Mountains, alpine tundra. South Fork Birch Creek. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic herbaceous heath, 6392.

PEDICULARIS LANGSDORFFII Fischer ex Steven LAGOTIS GLAUCA P. Gaertner Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered to frequent, 4748. Weasel Snout Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath, 4934. Beringian endemic. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. Lime Peak, wet meadows and moist grus near gelifluction lobe, rare • East Crazy Mountains, moist tundra and forest openings at tree line. to scattered, 4812, 4860. West Crazy Mountains, mesic tundra and fens, 95-203, 95-214. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous moss meadow, scattered, 5004. South Fork Birch Creek. Serpentine Slide, barren knoll, 12074 Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist tundra and seepages. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. PEDICULARIS OEDERI M. Vahl South Fork Birch Creek. Lime Peak, herbaceous heath, scattered, 4741. Mt. Schwatka, limestone heath, 4952. Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist tundra. PEDICULARIS ALBOLABIATA (Hulten) Kozhanch. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, low heath on limestone-volcanic contact, 5613. = P. sudetica Willd. ssp. albolabiata Hulten Victoria Mountain ridge, 12058. Disjunct in the uplands from a predominantly arctic distribution. • Mt. Prindle vicinity, wet basins, 94-111. South Fork Birch Creek, mesic herbaceous heath, scattered, 6391.

C-24 Appendix C PEDICULARIS VERTICILLATA L. Violaceae (Violet Family) Verticillate Lousewart Lime Peak, gelifluction lobe, 94-149. Mt. Prindle vicinity, subalpine meadows in lower valley. VIOLA BIFLORA L. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. Small Yellow Violet White Mountains, VABM Fossil, moist herbaceous heath. 5687. Victoria Mountain ridge, screes, 1206 I. PENTSTEMON GORMANII E. Greene South Fork Birch Creek, moist crevices in rock outcrops, 6565. East Beringian endemic, minor range extension within Yukon­ Big Windy Hot Springs, shady bank along stream, rare, 6624. Tanana Uplands. • West Crazy Mountains, Preacher Creek, steppe bluff, 95-257. VIOLA EPIPSILA Ledeb. Lime Peak, herbaceous sheep perches and moist, herbaceous SYNTHYRIS BOREALIS Pennell streamside, 4839, 5503. Northern Synthyris Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist meadow on stream terrace, 94-122. East Beringian endemic. Lime Peak, moist grus fellfield, 4718. Mt. Schwatka, heath stripes on limestone scree, scattered. VIOLA RENIFOLIA A. Gray Mt. Prindle vicinity, dry exposed tundra, scattered. Minor northward range extension. White Mountains, VABM Fossil, low heath and moist herbaceous, • Big Windy Hot Springs, under fems in forest understory, rare, 6636. rare, 5610. South Fork Birch Creek, dry rocky fellfield and rocky heath, rare, 6394, 6461.

VERONICA WORi'1SKJOLDII Roemer & Schultes Speedwell Lime Peak, well-vegetated site on ridge, 94- I 61. Mt. Prindle vicinity, subalpine meadows.

Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss Family)

SELAGINELLA SIBIRICA (Milde) Hieron. Lime Peak, rock crevices, rare, 4 788. Mt. Schwatka, volcanic rocks, 5028. White Mountains, VABM Fossil. • East Crazy Mountains, large rocks on south summit. West Crazy Mountains, gravelly tundra, outcrops, steppe, 95-269B. South Fork Birch Creek, moist heath on rock outcrops, 6468.

Thelypteridaceae (Marsh Fern Family)

THELYPTERIS PHEGOPTERIS (L.) Slosson Northward range extension, new to Yukon-Tanana Uplands. Big Windy Hot Springs, moist, shady forest understory, growing in several clumps, 6626.

Valerianaceae (Valerian Family)

VALERIANA CAPITATA Pallas Capitate Valerian • Lime Peak, moist herbaceous meadow at gelifluction lobe front. Mt. Schwatka, herbaceous heath, 4980. • Mt. Prindle vicinity, moist tundra. • White Mountains, VABM Fossil, dryas heath on limestone. • Victoria Mountain ridge, moist shrub heath near treeline. • West Crazy Mountains, sheltered fens and moist openings in thickets. • South Fork Birch Creek.

AppendixC C-25 C-26 AppendixC APPENDIX D: EXPLANATION OF GLOBAL AND STATE RANKINGS

The following description of global and state rankings is taken directly from the Introduction chapter in the Alaska Rare Plant Field Guide (Lipkin and Murray 1997).

GLOBAL RANK (Global ranks are based on the world-wide status of a taxon and are assigned by The Nature Conservancy and an international network of Natural Heritage Programs and Conservation Data Centers.)

G 1: Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity ( 5 or fewer occurrences, or very few remaining individuals), or because of some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable to extinction. (Critically endangered throughout its range.) G2: Imperiled globally because of rarity ( 6 to 20 occurrences) or because of other factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. (Endangered throughout its range.) G3: Either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally ( even abundantly at some of its location) in a restricted range (21 to 100 occurrences). (Threatened throughout its range.) G4: Widespread and apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. GS: Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. T#: Global rank of the described subspecies or variety. G#G#: Global rank of species uncertain, best described as a range between the two ranks. G#Q: Indicates some uncertainly about taxonomic status that might affect global rank.

STATE RANK (State ranks are based on the status of the taxon within a particular state or province. The state ranks for taxa presented in this guide (Lipkin and Murray 1997) often differ from the ranks for the same taxa in other states or provinces.)

St: Critically imperiled in state because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences, or very few remaining individuals), or because of some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable to extinction. (Critically endangered throughout in state.) S2: Imperiled in state because of rarity ( 6-20 occurrences), or because of other factors making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state. S3: Rare or uncommon in the state (21-100 occurrences). S#S#: State rank of species uncertain, best described as a range between the two ranks.

Appendix D D-1