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Botanical Survey of Selected Sites in the White Mountains National Recreation Area and the Steese National Conservation Area, Yukon-Tanana Uplands, Alaska

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Botanical Survey of Selected Sites in the White Mountains National Recreation Area and the Steese National Conservation Area, Yukon-Tanana Uplands, Alaska ~ i U. S. Department of the Interior BLM-Alaska Technical Report 53 " Bureau of Land Management BLM/AK/ST-03/012+6700+028 July 2003 Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Botanical Survey of Selected Sites in the White Mountains National Recreation Area and the Steese National Conservation Area, Yukon-Tanana Uplands, Alaska Carolyn Parker, Alan R. Batten, James D. Herriges, Jr. Cover Photo Eritrichium splendens. This beautiful dwarf forget-me-not was growing on limestone rock outcrops near Mount Schwatka in the White Mountains National Recreation Area (photo by Carolyn Parker). Authors Carolyn L Parker and Alan R Batten are research associates with the University of Alaska Museum Herbarium. James D. Herriges, Jr. is a wildlife biologist with the Bureau of Land Management, Northern Field Office in Fairbanks, Alaska. Disclaimer The mention of trade names or commercial products in this report does not constitute endorsement or recom­ mendation for use by the federal government. The BLM Mission The Bureau of Land Management sustains the health, diversity and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. Technical Reports Technical Reports issued by the Bureau of Land Management-Alaska present the results of research, studies, investigations, literature searches, testing, or similiar endeavors on a variety of scientific and technical subjects. The results presented are final, or are a summation and analysis of data at an intermediate point in a long-term research project, and have received objective review by peers in the author's field. The reports are available while supplies last from BLM External Affairs, 222 West 7th Avenue #13, Anchorage, Alaska 99513, telephone (907) 271-3318; and from the Juneau Minerals Information Center, 100 Savikko Road. Mayflower Island, Douglas, AK 99824, (907) 364-1553. Copies are also available for inspection at the Alaska Resource Library and Information Service (Anchorage), the USDI Resources Library in Washington, D. C., various libraries of the University of Alaska, the BLM National Business Center Library (Denver) and other selected locations. A complete bibliography of all SLM-Alaska scientific reports can be found on the Internet at: http:// www.ak.blm.gov/affairs/sci_rpts.html. Related publications are also listed at http://juneau.ak.blm.gov. Botanical Survey of Selected Sites in the White Mountains National Recreation Area and the Steese National Conservation Area, Yukon-Tanana Uplands, Alaska Carolyn Parker, Alan R. Batten, James D. Herriges, Jr. SLM-Alaska Technical Report 53 July 2003 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Abstract The Bureau of Land Management is mandated to preserve biodiversity and prevent extinction of rare species on public lands. Baseline resource inventories focusing on rare and sensitive taxa improve our knowledge of their abundance and distribution and are essential for making sound management decisions. permanently curated specimens document the occurance of all plants and are available for review by botanists. Electronically databased collection information can be readily shared with relevant agencies and researchers. These steps become invaluable when the areas of concern are remote and not easily revisited. The Yukon-Tanana Uplands in interior Alaska are within the glacial refugium Beringia, a large region stretching from the MacKenzie River in Canada to the Lena River in Siberia. This region was connected by the exposed continental shelf during the Quaternary full glacials, yet remained free of continental ice sheets. The uplands are known to be rich in plants endemic (restricted in distribution) to Beringia and several are currently listed as rare to critically imperiled at the state and global level by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program (AKNHP). However, much of the area is remote and poorly known botanically. The White Mountains National Recreation Area and the Steese National Conservation Area are managed by SLM-Alaska's Northern Field Office. Together they include a large portion of the Uplands landscape. Twelve sites within these BLM management units that were known or suspected to support rare plants were surveyed by botanists during the summers 1994-1996. Most sites were in the alpine and subalpine zones, where habitats known to support rare and endemic plants are most common. At each site the vegetation was described and all vascular plants observes were listed. At the first two sites all species encountered were collected as herbarium specimens. Collecting at the remaining sites was limited to taxa that had not been found previ­ ously during the survey, were difficult to identify in the field, or that were found in uncommon habitats or plant assemblages. Collections were made and additional habitat information was noted whenever populations of potentially sensitive plants were located. The resulting inventory documents the vascular flora of the alpine and subalpine zones of the Yukon-Tanana Uplands with 990 plant specimens representing 382 taxa. Sixteen plants listed as critically imperiled (S 1) to rare (S3) by the AKNHP were found and their known distribution and habitat preferences within the Uplands are summarized. Three species, Oraba densifolia, Poa porsildii, and Mantia bostockii, were found to be more common than previously thought in at least a portion of the area surveyed. Six species were recorded as new to the Yukon-Tanana Uplands flora, including Oraba ruaxes, ranked imperiled (S2). Minor to moderate range extensions within the Uplands are documented for nine additional plants, including Festuca lenensis, ranked imper­ iled to rare (S2S3), and Trisetum sibiricum spp. litoralis, ranked imperiled (S2). Our knowledge of the sensitive vascular plant species in the Uplands has been greatly enhanced as a result of this survey. Recommendations for management addressing the potential sources of impacts on known populations of rare plants are offered, along with suggestions for future inventories. Acknowledgements Funding for the survey was provided by SLM-Alaska Northern Field Office. Fairbanks, with recipient support from the University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, Fairbanks, under a coopera­ tive agreement established in 1994. We are very grateful to Brian Bogaczyk, former SLM-Alaska Northern Field Office, who initiated and supported this survey. Jim Herriges oversaw all field logistics for three summers and continued to work very closely with the Museum Herbarium staff in all stages of the project and report preparation. The University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, Fairbanks, was represented on each trip through the participation of research associates Carolyn Parker and Alan Batten. David Murray, Curator Emeritus, was involved in field work for a portion of two summers and Barbara Murray, Research Professor, for a portion of one trip. Carolyn Parker identified, processed. and databased the collections. During our three seasons, several individuals participated in a portion of the fieldwork: Rob Lipkin and George West, AKNHP-ENRI, University of Alaska, Anchorage; Debbie Blank, SLM-Alaska Anchorage Field Office; Virginia Moran and Michael Emers, USFWS; Glen Juday and Susan Willsrud, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; John Cook and Vicki DeGuenther, SLM-Alaska Northern Field Office. Cindy Hamfler and Stan Bloom, were respon­ sible for report lay-out and formatting, with Sharon Wilson and Craig Mccaa making edits. The help of the three reviewers was invaluable and very much appreciated: David F. Murray - Professor and Curator Emeritus, University of Alaska Museum Herbarium, Fairbanks, Alaska. Robert Lipkin - Research Botanist, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska. Mary Clay Stensvold - Regional Botanist, U.S. Forest Service-Alaska Region, Sitka, Alaska. ii Contents Abstract. ... i Acknowledgements... ...................... .. .. ii Introduction ...................... ............... ................ .. 1 Results................ 6 Implications and Recommendations for Management..... .... 15 Literature Cited ...................................... .. 19 Apendix A: Descriptions of Survey Localities......................................... .................... .. A-1 Lime Peak (Rocky Mountain) vicinity.......................... ..... A-2 Mount Schwatka vicinity....................... .. ................................................................ A-6 White Mountains. VABM Fossil vicinity........................................................ .. ....... A-10 Victoria Mountain vicinity, SW flanking ridge ..... .................... .. ................................................. A-14 East and West Crazy Mountains ............................................................................................................. A-17 South Fork Birch Creek ................................................ ......................... .. A-22 Big Windy Hot Springs ........................................................................ ................................................. A-29 Mount Prindle vicinity .............................................................................................................................. A-32 Apendix B: Cross-Referenced List of Plant Species Name ........................................ B-1 Apendix C: Vascular Plant Species List........ .. ............................................................ C-1 Apendix D: Explanation of Global and State Rankings.......... ........................................
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