Coptic Synaxarium
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Teacher Answer Packet
TEACHER ANSWER PACKET 1 Global Studies 9 – First Half Review Directions: Use your knowledge from our class discussions and your midterm review packets to answer the following questions about the first half of the year. Historical Thinking / Beginning of Civilizations 1. The Neolithic Revolution was a change from what to what? hunting and gathering to farming 2. As a result of the Neolithic Revolution, people began to form: civilizations 3. What are the characteristics of a civilization? a government, social classes, job specialization, a food surplus, writing, and religious beliefs 4. Other than farming, name something else people began to do as a result of the Neolithic Revolution? domesticated animals, built permanent civilizations 5. Name features that would be found on a physical map. topography - mountains, rivers, deserts, lakes 6. Name features that would be found on a political map. show countries, their borders, and capital cities Early Civilizations 7. What two rivers make up Mesopotamia? Tigris and Euphrates Rivers 8. What early civilization was based around the Nile River? Egyptian 9. What major river did early Indian civilizations build around? Indus River 10. The early civilizations in China were built around what river? Yellow River / Huange He, Yangzi River 11. Why did early civilizations develop in river valleys? Fertile soil, irrigation, transportation 12. Identify two writing systems developed by early civilizations: hieroglyphics, cuneiform 13. What was the first set of laws to be written down? Code of Hammurabi 14. Who developed grid pattern cities? Harappan Civilization 15. Were most early civilizations monotheistic or polytheistic? polytheistic 16. Name two types of irrigation systems used by the river valley civilizations. -
SAINT LUKE the EVANGELIST GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH June 12, 2016
SAINT LUKE THE EVANGELIST GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH june 12, 2016 the sunday of the fathers of the first ec. council On the seventh Sunday of Pascha, we commemorate the holy God-bearing Fathers of the First Ecumenical Council. The Commemoration of the First Ecumenical Council has been celebrated by the Church of Christ from ancient times. The Lord Jesus Christ left the Church a great promise, “I will build My Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it” (Mt. 16:18). Although the Church of Christ on earth will pass through difficult struggles with the Enemy of salvation, it will emerge victorious. The holy martyrs bore witness to the truth of the Savior’s words, endur- ing suffering and death for confessing Christ, but the persecutor’s sword is shattered by the Cross of Christ. Persecution of Christians ceased during the fourth century, but heresies arose within the Church itself. One of the most pernicious of these heresies was Arianism. Arius, a priest of Alexandria, was a man of immense pride and ambi- tion. In denying the divine nature of Jesus Christ and His equality with God the Father, Arius falsely taught that the Savior is not consubstantial with the Father, but is only a created being. A local Council, convened with Patriarch Alexander of Alexandria presiding, condemned the false teachings of Arius. However, Arius would not submit to the authority of the Church. He wrote to many bishops, denouncing the decrees of the local Council. He spread his false teaching throughout the East, receiving support from certain Eastern bishops. -
1 Liturgical Year 2020 of the Celtic Orthodox Church Wednesday 1St
Liturgical Year 2020 of the Celtic Orthodox Church Wednesday 1st January 2020 Holy Name of Jesus Circumcision of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ Basil the Great, Bishop of Caesarea of Palestine, Father of the Church (379) Beoc of Lough Derg, Donegal (5th or 6th c.) Connat, Abbess of St. Brigid’s convent at Kildare, Ireland (590) Ossene of Clonmore, Ireland (6th c.) ♦ Liturgy: Wis 3:10-19 Eph 3:1-7 Lk 6:5-11 Holy Name of Jesus: ♦ Vespers: Ps 8 and 19 ♦ 1st Nocturn: Ps 64 1Tm 2:1-6 Lk 6:16-22 ♦ 3rd Nocturn: Ps 71 and 134 Phil 2:6-11 ♦ Matins: Jn 10:9-16 ♦ Liturgy: Gn 17:1-14 Ps 112 Col 2:8-12 Lk 2:20-21 ♦ Sext: Ps 53 ♦ None: Ps 148 1 Thursday 2 January 2020 Seraphim, priest-monk of Sarov (1833) Adalard, Abbot of Corbie, Founder of New Corbie (827) John of Kronstadt, priest and confessor (1908) Seiriol, Welsh monk and hermit at Anglesey, off the coast of north Wales (early 6th c.) Munchin, monk, Patron of Limerick, Ireland (7th c.) The thousand Lichfield Christians martyred during the reign of Diocletian (c. 333) ♦ Liturgy: Wis 4:1-6 Eph 3:8-13 Lk 8:24-36 Friday 3 January 2020 Genevieve, virgin, Patroness of Paris (502) Blimont, monk of Luxeuil, 3rd Abbot of Leuconay (673) Malachi, prophet (c. 515 BC) Finlugh, Abbot of Derry (6th c.) Fintan, Abbot and Patron Saint of Doon, Limerick, Ireland (6th c.) ♦ Liturgy: Wis 4:7-14a Eph 3:14-21 Lk 6:46-49 Saturday 4 January 2020 70 Disciples of Our Lord Jesus Christ Gregory, Bishop of Langres (540) ♦ Liturgy: Wis 4:14b-20 Eph 4:1-16 Lk 7:1-10 70 Disciples: Lk 10:1-5 2 Sunday 5 January 2020 (Forefeast of the Epiphany) Syncletica, hermit in Egypt (c. -
Continuity and Tradition: the Prominent Role of Cyrillian Christology In
Jacopo Gnisci Jacopo Gnisci CONTINUITY AND TRADITION: THE PROMINENT ROLE OF CYRILLIAN CHRISTOLOGY IN FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CENTURY ETHIOPIA The Ethiopian Tewahedo Church is one of the oldest in the world. Its clergy maintains that Christianity arrived in the country during the first century AD (Yesehaq 1997: 13), as a result of the conversion of the Ethiopian Eunuch, narrated in the Acts of the Apostles (8:26-39). For most scholars, however, the history of Christianity in the region begins with the conversion of the Aksumite ruler Ezana, approximately during the first half of the fourth century AD.1 For historical and geographical reasons, throughout most of its long history the Ethiopian Church has shared strong ties with Egypt and, in particular, with the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. For instance, a conspicuous part of its literary corpus, both canonical and apocryphal, is drawn from Coptic sources (Cerulli 1961 67:70). Its liturgy and theology were also profoundly affected by the developments that took place in Alexandria (Mercer 1970).2 Furthermore, the writings of one of the most influential Alexandrian theologians, Cyril of Alexandria (c. 378-444), played a particularly significant role in shaping Ethiopian theology .3 The purpose of this paper is to highlight the enduring importance and influence of Cyril's thought on certain aspects of Ethiopian Christology from the early developments of Christianity in the country to the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its aim, therefore, is not to offer a detailed examination of Cyril’s work, or more generally of Ethiopian Christology. Rather, its purpose is to emphasize a substantial continuity in the traditional understanding of the nature of Christ amongst Christian 1 For a more detailed introduction to the history of Ethiopian Christianity, see Kaplan (1982); Munro-Hay (2003). -
The Image of Justinianic Orthopraxy in Eastern Monastic Literature
The Image of Justinianic Orthopraxy in Eastern Monastic Literature 2 From 535 to 546, the emperor Justinian issued a series of imperial constitutions which sought to regulate the activities of monks and monasteries. Unprecedented in its scope, this legislative programme marked an attempt by the emperor to bring ascetics firmly under the purview of his government. Taken together, its rulings legislated on virtually every aspect of the ascetic life, prescribing a detailed model of ‘orthopraxy,’ or correct behaviour, to which the emperor demanded monks adhere. However, whilst it is clichéd to evoke Justinian’s status as a reformer of the law, scholars continue to view these orthopraxic rulings with some uncertainty. This is a reflection, in part, of the difficulties faced when attempting to judge the extent to which they were ever adopted or enforced. Studies of the emperor’s divisive religious policies have tended to focus instead upon matters of doctrine and, in particular, Justinian’s efforts to enforce his view of orthodoxy upon anti-Chalcedonian, monastic dissidents. This paper builds upon recent work to argue that the effects of Justinian’s monastic legislation were, in fact, widely felt.1 It will argue that accounts of the mid-sixth century by Eastern monastic authors reveal widespread familiarity with the rulings on ascetic practice contained in the emperor’s Novels. Their reception reveals the extent of imperial power over ascetics during this period, frequently presented as one in which the ‘holy man’ exercised almost boundless social and spiritual authority. I will concentrate on three main examples to illustrate this point, chosen to represent a suitable cross-section of the contemporary monastic movement: Cyril of Scythopolis’ Life of Sabas, the Life of Z‘ura in the Lives of the Eastern Saints by John of Ephesus, and the Coptic texts which detail the career of the Egyptian monastic leader, Abraham of Farshut.2 ORTHOPRAXY IN JUSTINIAN’S MONASTIC LEGISLATION Firstly, however, we must discuss Justinian’s monastic laws in greater detail. -
The Holy Psalmody of Kiahk Published by St
HOLY PSALMODY OF Kiahk According to the orders of the Coptic Orthodox Church First Edition }"almwdi8a Ecouab 8nte pi8abot ak <oi 8M8vrh+ 8etaucass 8nje nenio+ 8n+ek8klhsi8a 8nrem8n<hmi M St. George & St. Joseph Coptic Orthodox Church K The Holy Psalmody of Kiahk Published by St. George and St Joseph Church Montreal, Canada Kiahk 1724 A. M., December 2007 A. D. St George & St Joseph Church 17400 Boul. Pierrefonds Pierrefonds, QC. CANADA H9J 2V6 Tel.: (514) 626‐6614, Fax.: (514) 624‐8755 http://www.stgeorgestjoseph.ca Behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed. For he that is mighty hath done to me great things; and holy is His Name. Luke 1: 48 - 49 Hhppe gar isjen +nou senaermakarizin 8mmoi 8nje nigene8a throu@ je afiri nhi 8nxanmecnis+ 8nje vh etjor ouox 8fouab 8nje pefran. His Holiness Pope Shenouda III Pope of Alexandria, and Patriarch of the see of saint Mark Peniwt ettahout 8nar,hepiskopos Papa abba 0enou+ nimax somt Preface We thank the Lord, our God and Saviour, for helping us to start this project. In this first edition, our goal was to gather pre‐translated hymns, and combine them with Midnight Praises in one book. God willing, our final goal is to have one book where the congregation can follow all the proceedings without having to refer to numerous other sources. We ask and pray to our Lord to help us complete this project in the near future. The translated material in this book was collected from numerous sources: Coptichymns.net web site Kiahk Praises, by St George & St Shenouda Church The Psalmody of Advent, by William A. -
Liturgy, Space, and Community in the Basilica Julii (Santa Maria in Trastevere)
DALE KINNEY Liturgy, Space, and Community in the Basilica Julii (Santa Maria in Trastevere) Abstract The Basilica Julii (also known as titulus Callisti and later as Santa Maria in Trastevere) provides a case study of the physical and social conditions in which early Christian liturgies ‘rewired’ their participants. This paper demon- strates that liturgical transformation was a two-way process, in which liturgy was the object as well as the agent of change. Three essential factors – the liturgy of the Eucharist, the space of the early Christian basilica, and the local Christian community – are described as they existed in Rome from the fourth through the ninth centuries. The essay then takes up the specific case of the Basilica Julii, showing how these three factors interacted in the con- crete conditions of a particular titular church. The basilica’s early Christian liturgical layout endured until the ninth century, when it was reconfigured by Pope Gregory IV (827-844) to bring the liturgical sub-spaces up-to- date. In Pope Gregory’s remodeling the original non-hierarchical layout was replaced by one in which celebrants were elevated above the congregation, women were segregated from men, and higher-ranking lay people were accorded places of honor distinct from those of lesser stature. These alterations brought the Basilica Julii in line with the requirements of the ninth-century papal stational liturgy. The stational liturgy was hierarchically orga- nized from the beginning, but distinctions became sharper in the course of the early Middle Ages in accordance with the expansion of papal authority and changes in lay society. -
Saints from the East
PART 1 By Fr Habib Jajou Chaldean Catholic Church London 2012 2 STARS FROM THE CHURCH OF THE EAST ‘Super-Heroes of God’ PART 1 By Fr Habib Jajou, Mr Wisam Talal Chaldean Catholic Mission Publishing 38 – 40 Cavendish Avenue, Ealing London W13 OJQ Tel - Fax : 0208 9976370 www.chaldean.org.uk [email protected] 3 4 Contents 1st 1. St Addai the apostle Century 2nd 2. St. Mari Century 3. Bishop Aphrahat the 3rd Wiseman Century 4. St Barbara 300 5. St George (Mar 303 Gorgees) 6. St Kiriakos and his 308 mother St. Youlete 7. St Kardagh 308 8. The Martyr Habib 309 9. Sultan Mahdokht & 319 her two Brothers 10. Shemon Bar Sabbae 344 11. St Behnam & his sister 350 St. Sarah 12. St Anthony the Great 356 5 6 16“Behold, I am sending you like sheep in the midst of wolves; so be shrewd as serpents and simple as doves. 17 But beware of people, for they will hand you over to courts and scourge you in their synagogues, 18and you will be led before governors and kings for my sake as a witness before them and the pagans. 19When they hand you over, do not worry about how you are to speak or what you are to say. You will be given at that moment what you are to say. 20For it will not be you who speak but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. 21 Brother will hand over brother to death, and the father his child; children will rise up against parents and have them put to death. -
Green Pilgrim City Theological Message Pilgrimage in the Coptic
Green Pilgrim City Theological Message Pilgrimage in the Coptic Church Since its establishment in the first century, the Coptic Orthodox Church has existed in Egypt and has as one of its principal pillars a movement and way of life that commenced in her deserts and wildernesses and, from there, spread to the whole world. This phenomenon is, of course, the monastic movement that started in the deserts of Egypt in the third Century and still thrives across the country until today. Being central to the lives of many Christians in Egypt and abroad, the monasteries are frequented by pilgrims throughout the year, who reach their thousands on special feast days in the Coptic Calendar. The monasteries have always been essential for spiritual retreat, and in the current climate, have become visitors’ havens of reflection, contemplation and refuge in the midst of a bustling society embattled by historic political reform and the accompanying security and economic pressures Today, thousands of Coptic Christians from across Egypt and around the world make the journey to the monasteries to escape the constant noise of modern life and to share in the gentle silence of the wilderness that our desert fathers and mothers have lived for centuries, experiencing the words of our Creator Himself Who says “be still and know that I am God” (Psalms46:10). These pilgrims are also accompanied by many thousands of non-Coptic visitors throughout the year. The deserts, void of the heavy distractions of civilisation and unblemished by large secular settlements, have been the rich soil from which great wisdom has sprung forth. -
Palladius of Aspuna
CISTERCIAN STUDIES SERIES: NUMBER TWO HUNDRED FIFTY-TWO Palladius of Aspuna The Lausiac History CISTERCIAN STUDIES SERIES: NUMBER TWO HUNDRED FIFTY-TWO Palladius of Aspuna The Lausiac History Translated by John Wortley Cistercian Publications www.cistercianpublications.org LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Cistercian Publications title published by Liturgical Press Cistercian Publications Editorial Offices 161 Grosvenor Street Athens, Ohio 45701 www.cistercianpublications.org This work is a translation of G. J. M. Bartelink’s edition of Palladio, La Storia Lausiaca (Milan: Fondazione Lorenza Valla and Libri Mondador, 1974). Scripture quotations are the translator’s own work, with all quotations from the Old Testament based on the Septuagint. © 2015 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 123456789 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Palladius, Bishop of Aspuna, -approximately 430. [Lausiac history. English] Palladius of Aspuna : the Lausiac history / translated by John Wortley. pages cm. — (Cistercian studies series ; number two hundred fifty-two) Translation compiled from a variety of sources. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-87907-252-0 — ISBN 978-0-87907-681-8 (ebook) 1. Monasticism and religious orders—Egypt—History—Early church, ca. 30-600. 2. Christian biography—Egypt—Early works to 1800. -
THE HUMBLE BEGINNINGS of the INQUIRER LIFESTYLE SERIES: FITNESS FASHION with SAMSUNG July 9, 2014 FASHION SHOW]
1 The Humble Beginnings of “Inquirer Lifestyle Series: Fitness and Fashion with Samsung Show” Contents Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines ................................................................ 8 Vice-Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines ....................................................... 9 Popes .................................................................................................................................. 9 Board Members .............................................................................................................. 15 Inquirer Fitness and Fashion Board ........................................................................... 15 July 1, 2013 - present ............................................................................................... 15 Philippine Daily Inquirer Executives .......................................................................... 16 Fitness.Fashion Show Project Directors ..................................................................... 16 Metro Manila Council................................................................................................. 16 June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2016 .............................................................................. 16 June 30, 2013 to present ........................................................................................ 17 Days to Remember (January 1, AD 1 to June 30, 2013) ........................................... 17 The Philippines under Spain ...................................................................................... -
The Apostolic Succession of the Right Rev. James Michael St. George
The Apostolic Succession of The Right Rev. James Michael St. George © Copyright 2014-2015, The International Old Catholic Churches, Inc. 1 Table of Contents Certificates ....................................................................................................................................................4 ......................................................................................................................................................................5 Photos ...........................................................................................................................................................6 Lines of Succession........................................................................................................................................7 Succession from the Chaldean Catholic Church .......................................................................................7 Succession from the Syrian-Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch..............................................................10 The Coptic Orthodox Succession ............................................................................................................16 Succession from the Russian Orthodox Church......................................................................................20 Succession from the Melkite-Greek Patriarchate of Antioch and all East..............................................27 Duarte Costa Succession – Roman Catholic Succession .........................................................................34