Scientific (IJTSRD)
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Open Access Journal ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 2 Modern Poetic Trends of Odisha versus the Neoteric Strives of Guruprasad Santosh Kumar Nayak Dr. Akshay Kumar Panigrahi Assistant Professor and Head, (O.E.S.-I) Lecturer, Department of Odia, B.P. (Degree) College, P.G. Department of Odia Language and Literature Santaragadia, Balasore, Odisha, India Government College, Dayananda Vihar, Koraput, Odisha, India ABSTRACT This paper tries to bring out the literary trends of Odia Introduction literature from nineteenth century to the last part of twentieth century. With reference to the long literary Any form of literature, any kind of writer of any time, passage of some 175 years attempts have been made any age or space is really dependant and associated to introduce Guruprasad Mohanty and churn out the with the society, its culture, tradition, economic specialty by the by of his poetry. How the passage condition, collective psychology and political runs, with what level of frequency and with what background. A writer is a responsible citizen of the newness- all these things are discussed here in this state who shows the probable future, inner truth of article. What was the need of the modern literature present time and churns the crux out from the past and why it is so- everything in this regard has been through his close investigation, analysis, scrutiny and discussed along with various proofs. The real and anatomization. S/he perceives very close and finds the underneath reasons of complexity of this post- delicate truths of life and society. Guruprasad and independence literature or the attitude and nature of Eliot, both were so serious, card-carrying and deep- this literature (especially poetry) are brought out here. dyed unwavering authors of twentieth century. They Especially, here efforts have been taken to are very faithful, staunch, and steadfast writers in the differentiate between the pre-independence and post- eyes of critics of any hour. All these have been proved independence literature. Again, in one of the sections, by themselves by through their own literary works. there is a sketch of influences, inspirations and Eliot’s ‘Four Quartets’, ‘The Waste Land’ and some impacts of T.S. Eliot, his life, literature, philosophy, other significant works are the evidence of the same style and personal doctrines. Further, how he has thing. Similarly, all the poems of Samudra Snaana influences Guruprasad Mohanty has also been and also of the compilation Aashcharjya Abhisaara discussed with ample examples. Overall an are sufficiently enough to prove this statement true. assessment has been made on the originality of Both Eliot and Guruprasad believed in similar Guruprasad’s literature as well of the attempts of ideologies. Hence, they have challenged the so called some other contemporary poets of this period. trend of literature and have literally brought exemplary revolution. Keywords: Modernism, Post-modernism, Post- Colonial, Deconstruction, Glocal Literary Trends of Odisha: A Brief Investigation The term ‘Aadhunika’ is not at all same to that of the English term ‘Modern’. These two are so different `@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2018 Page: 1140 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 from each other. But we have accepted these two and Mao-Tse-Tung etcetera. A kind of revolutionary terms as one with respect to the meaning. The term communist literature was there. We can easily find the ‘modern age’ in Odia literature started in the latter difference of Guruprasad’s pen and ink from those part of nineteenth century. This is the time where new literatures. However, Guruprasad has also written attitude came in the cerebral corner of individual, some Sabuja poetry (Green Poetry) in his early phase. society and hour. Some new kinds of consciousness developed in this phase. This newness gave a serious Modernity until the Sabujities versus Guruprasad challenge to the traditional ways of living. And finally Modern Odia literature though initiated from the a kind of rejection was thereto the old, the medieval verses of Bhima Bhoi, the Mahima saint of Odisha and the ancient, literature, patterns, and forms and still it took its pace more seriously in the pen of features in the common mind of the hour. Racial Radhanath Ray. We map the modern Odia literature changes were witnessed in between. Those are- (i) in different phases, i.e. from 1803 to 1910 (Phase-I), printing press foundation in Odisha with the help and 1911 to 1920 (Phase-II), 1921 to 1935 (Phase-III), impact of the missionaries (ii) a new kind of socio- 1935 to 1947 (Phase-IV), 1949 to 1960/70/80 (Phase- religious literature begun, (iii) the spread of education V), 1980 to 2000 (Phase-VI) and 2000 and onwards was encountered especially the spread of English (Phase-VII). In this measurement we see literature education, (iv) the reflection of western thoughts nd from Phase-I to Phase-IV through the spectacles of western pattern in the literature and the society of Pre-Independence Culture and practice while from Odisha, (v) people became more alert and more phase-V to phase-VII we encounter literature with a conscious about the news, mass communication and mood and motif of post-independence philosophy; a other parts of the world etcetera, (vi) some socio- kind of post-independence mania. Guruprasad comes religious reformations were there in the life and in the beginning of phase-V and twinkle till the end of society of Odisha by the influences of the phase-VI. Historically we encounter the distinctive missionaries as well as the Bramho Samaj, the Aarya voices of Radhanath Ray, Gopabandhu Das, Kalindi Samaj, the Theosophical Society and some other Charan Panigrahi, Sachhidananda Routray and then groups like these. Mind became free from the Guruprasad Mohanty through the ages and phases shackles of conservatism towards openness and discussed earlier. Even till today nobody has that freedom. Development of prose in different genres much been distinctive as the aforesaid figures. Thus and forms was encountered in this time and it was Guruprasad is not only a challenging fellow but also a developed much more the time being. This in fact, master piece of Modern Odia poetry. Many of the brought the modernism in Odia literature. While critics don’t accept separately any sui generic voice introducing the modern Odia literature in the survey after Radhanath Ray even until 1920. All the cum selected anthology named ‘Modern Indian nationalistic spirit of the Satyabaadi age had already Literature: An Anthology’ (edited by K.M. George), been Radhanath Ray. Even in form, none has crossed says Professor J.M. Mohanty, Radhanath in poetry. The Satyabaadi School though was aggressively nationalistic and was blind in one “The creation of a new literature, hitherto word (Nationalism), in one direction, in one theme but unknown, in different genres, responding to a it is quite clear that all these nationalistic and patriotic change of taste and sensibility which opened things were there in the poetry of Radhanath Ray. new dimensions of expression.” (297) Soon after they all (Gopabandhu Das, Nilakantha Das, Godabarish Mishra, Harihar Acharya, Krupasindhu The passage has been elongated till the contemporary Mishra) plunged into the sacred fire of freedom period from Bhima Bhoi and Radhanath Ray. Without movement the literary pace of Odia literature ceased ant full stop we see the trend continuing till 1910-11 in one type. “The cyclonic blast of Gandhian and after that we see further continuity till 1920 with a movement, however, broke that tradition, a break that spirit of patriotism and nationalism. Then we the nation had not known even during four centuries encounter the flow of Odia literature with some of a dismembered existence,”(232) says Mansinha. He colons and comma and semicolons till 1935-36. But further adds to this- “And the break, apart from the after this we see a prominent full stop in the trend and vacuum created by the disappearance of the Satyavadi find a new flavour, colour and taste in the trend. This School, was heightened and intensified by the rise of a enlisted till the independence, i.e. 1947. In fact, till group of young writers whose roots were not only 1946-47 we encounter the red literature with a clear nowhere in the Oriya speaking lands, but whose muse cut commitment with utmost reverence to Karl Marx derived its inspiration direct from Bengal and Bengali `@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2018 Page: 1141 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 language, against the influence of which the Satyavadi 9. Kholaa Chithi (Bhabishyata Darshana), 10. Khela School as a group and Pandit Nilakantha Das in Ghara, 11. Nara Chakshyu re Naari, 12. Ellen Key, particular had waged an uncompromising battle, in all 13. Samaaja Sanskaarara Ka, Kha, 14. Barnard Shaw that they did, said and wrote.” (2012: 232) There we nka Matabaada, 15. Bhabishyata Shaashana Tantra encounter some young poets who had no give and ra Bhitti, 16. Shantiniketan, 17. Jugabeenaa, 18. take with the freedom movement or any reality of the Saahitya Smruti, and 19. Parichaya Patra. Under the state. They were just the lover of the light sides of life intense influence of Rabindranath Tagore’s ‘Sabuja and the haters of the other side. They had no Patra’ the newly sprung group of poets of Odisha experience of reality or about the bitter and naked started this new trend of literature with the new taste truths of life. They were writing the juvenile love and new flavour and thought.