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Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission BULL.U.S. F.C. 1900. M.J. RATHBUN Plate I. RAL SIZE UCIDES CORDATUS, FEMALE , NATU SIZE GON I OPSIS CRU ENTATA, MALE, NATURAL ” THE BRACHYURA AND MACRURA OF PORTO RICO. By MARY J. RATHBUN, Assistant Curator Marine Aivertebrates U. S. National Museum. of , The creatures described in the following paper belong to the well-known class of crustaceans, and to that division in which the eyes are mounted on stalks, usually movable, and the walking feet are ten in number. The terms Brachyura and Macrura are here used in a limited sense, as defined by Dana, Stimpson, and Bate. In the Brachyura, or true crabs, the carapace or main part of the shell is usually wide and more or less flattened; the front part often projects to form a beak or rostrum; the antennae are inconspicuous; the abdomen is small, bilaterally symmetrical, and folded under the carapace; of the five pairs of thoracic legs, the first pair are furnished with claws and are commonly larger than the remaining ones, which are similar. The Macrura, or shrimps and lobsters, are elongated—that is, the carapace is longer than wide, and either subcylindrical or compressed; the rostrum is usually present, and often prominent; the antennae are well developed; the abdomen or tail is longer than the carapace and is extensile; any or none of the relatively slender thoracic legs may be chelate. Crabs and shrimps may be found along the seashore on the sandy and muddy bottoms, under stones, in crevices of rocks, corals, and sponges, in shells of living bivalve mollusks, in tubes of annelids, and on the tests of sea-urchins. They may be taken with the dredge and tangle from all depths of the sea; some species swim at the surface, others frequent brackish water at the mouths of rivers. Fluviatile crabs and shrimps occur in rivers and streams and along their banks, occasionally in ditches or among roots of trees, while the true land crabs may inhabit localities remote from salt or fresh water. The only systematic list of Porto Rican decapodous crustaceans is that made by John Gundlach in his “Apuntes para la Fauna Puerto-Riquena, vi, Crustaceos. 1 Fifty -two species are there enumerated, of which 37 are Brachyura and 8 are Macrura. The following list contains 162 Brachyura and 59 Macrura. These species were, with few exceptions, taken bjr the naturalists of the Fish Ilawk in 1899. An examination has been made, also, of specimens collected by Dr. L. Stejneger, Dr. C. W. Richmond, and Mr. Paul Beckwith, of the U. S. National Museum; Mr. A. B. Baker, of the 'AnalesSoc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., XVI, 115-133, 1887. 3 . 4 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. National Zoological Park; Mr. G. M. Gray, of Woods Hole, Mass., and Mr. L. M. McCormick, of the Glen Island Museum. The crustaceans dredged by the Fish Hatch represent the fauna of the coast to a depth of 225 fathoms, although the majority of the species come from within the 100-fathom line. Our list also includes the fauna of the fresh waters and land crabs. One genus and 14 species of Brachyura and 1 genus and 13 species of Macrura are described as new. The types are in the U. S. National Museum. The definitions of families and genera have been in large part quoted or con- 1 densed from other authors. The division into families is mainly that of Stubbing. In connection with the work on Porto Rican species, a large number of specimens of the same species in the West Indian collection of the National Museum have been determined, and the localities noted. 2 List of dredging datums of the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk about the island, of Porto Rico at which Brachyura and Macrura were collected. Station Dredging Date. Locality. Depth. Bottom. No. instruments. 1899. Fathoms. 6051 Jan. 13 Off entrance to San Juan 45 Sand, mud Tangle. Harbor. 16 44 to 54 6055 Jan. 18 Off Aguadilla 137 Sand, mud, and shells. Dredge. 6057 19 44 Sticky mud Do. 6058 19 .do do 6059 19 do Do. 6060 Jail. 19 12 do 6061 20 12 to 18 6062 Jan. 20 do 25 to 30 Sand, mud, and shells. Dredge. 6063 Jan. 20 do 75 to 76 llock v, sand, and coral 11-foot beam trawl. 6064 20 22 to 33 6065 Jan. 20 4 to 6 6066 20 161 to 172 6067 20 do 97 to 120 Coral Dredge. 6070 21 220 to 225 Rocky 9- foot beam trawl. 6072 Jan. 25 Off Puntade Melones 74 Coral, sand, shells Tangle. 6073 Jan. 25 do 8 (?) Dredge. 6074 25 84 6075 25 8t4 do 26 10 do Do. 6079 Feb 6 20 to 23 Coral . 6080 Feb. 6 20 6084 Feb. 8 Off Vieques Island u Coral, sand, shells Tangle. 6085 Feb. 8 do 14 6086 Feb. 8 143 do Feb. 8 154 do Tangle. 6089 Feb. 8 21 Do. 6090 Feb. 8 16 do Do. 6091 Feb. 8 15 Do. 6092 8 16 do Do. 6093 Feb. 8 15 do Do. 6094 Feb. 8 12 do Do. 6095 Feb. 8 12£ do Do. 6* 6096 Feb. 8 do Do. 6097 Feb 8 10 Do. 6098 Feb 8 124 Do. 6099 Feb. 8 94 Do. 1 A History of Crustacea, 1893. '-This is, however, not true of the Alpheidx, as the National Museum collection of ttiat family lias recently been sent to Dr. H. Coutiere, of the Museum of Natural History, Paris, for study. THE BEACHY U RA AND MACRUEA OF PORTO RICO. 5 Suborder BRACHYURA. The Crabs. Key to the Porto Rican tribes and families of the suborder Brachyura. A. Buccal frame quadrate; efferent branchial channels opening at sides of endostome. B. Carapace usually quadrilateral. Frontal region curved downward. Verges of the male inserted either in sternal plastron or in the basal joints of fifth pair of legs, thence passing through channels in sternum beneath the abdomen Tribe Catometopa C. Carapace hard and firm. Front, orbits, and eye-stalks not very small. Buccal frame quadrate anteriorly. 1). Last pair of legs not remarkably short nor subdorsal. E. Carapace moderately convex or depressed; branchial regions not greatly dilated. F. Third maxillipeds with palpus articulated usually at front inner angle of merus. Front of moderate width or very narrow. Eye-stalks often greatly elongate Family OcYPontD.® F'. Third maxillipeds with palpus articulated at apex or front outer angle of fourth. Front usually broad. Eye-stalks of moderate size Family Grapsida: E'. Carapace very convex, especially dilated over and in front of branchial regions; antcro-lateral margins entire and strongly arcuate. Last joint of walking legs often armed with longitudinal rows of spines Family Gecap.ciniile D'. Last pair of legs very short and subdorsal Family Palicidas C'. Carapace more or less membranaceous. Front, orbits, and eye-stalks very small. Buccal frame arcuate anteriorly. Species of small size Family Pinnotheridas B'. Carapace not-quadrilateral. Verges of male inserted in basal joints of fifth pair of legs. C. Carapace broad, short, rounded anteriorly, without projecting frontal rostrum Tribe Qyclomelopa D. Terminal joints of last pair of legs not flatly expanded. E. Terminal joints of last pair of legs usually spinuliferous. Species fluviatile, or living in damp eartli away from the sea Family Potamonid* E'. Terminal joints of last pair of legs usually unarmed. Species marine Family Pilumnid/E D'. Terminal joints of last pair of legs usually flatly expanded. Front well separated from inner orbital angles Family Portuniu/E C'. Carapace usually triangular, with projecting pointed or spined rostrum Tribe Oxyrhyncha D. Basal joint of antennae well developed, inserted beneath the eyes, and usually forming a great part of infraocular space Family Maud.® ])'. Basal joint of antennse very small, and with the next joint embedded in the narrow gap between front and inner orbital angle Family Parthenopid.® A'. Buccal frame usually triangular, narrowed forward; efferent channels opening at middle of endostome. Verges of male inserted in basal joints of fifth pair of legs Tribe Oxystomata B. Last one or two pairs of feet not articulated higher up than the preceding pairs. C. Afferent channels to branchiae opening behind pterygostomian regions and in front of chelipeds. I). Palpus of the outer maxillipeds not concealed . .Family Gala pim das D'. Palpus of the outer maxillipeds concealed behind triangular acute merus Family Matutid.e C'. Afferent channels to branchiae opening at antero-lateral angles of endostome Family Leucosiid/E B'. Last one or two yjairs of feet articulated higher up than preceding pairs Family Dorippidas Tribe CATOMETOPA or GRAPSOIDEA. Carapace broad anteriorly, often subquadrate, sometimes subglobose, truncate or arcuate anteriorly, but not rostrate. Front bent downward. Epistome short, often almost linear. The pairs of branchiae are usually fewer than nine in number; the efferent channels open at the sides of the endostome. The male verges are inserted either in the sternal plastron or in the basal joints of the last pair of legs, thence passing through channels in the sternum beneath the pleon. Family 0 CYP0 D 1 DJE Leach, 1819. Carapace in general moderately convex, either cancroid or trapezoidal, with antero-lateral margins straight or arcuate, the branchial regions not generally dilated. The front is of moderate width or very narrow. The orbits and eye-stalks are of moderate size or greatly developed. The chelipeds in the adult male are in general of moderate size, sometimes slender and elongate. The seventh joint in the walking legs is styliform, without strong spines. The pleon does not always cover the whole width of the sternum between the last pair of legs.
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