Cornwall Archaeological Unit Report No: 2020R004 2020R004 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

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Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall Updated Heritage Statement

Cornwall Archaeological Unit Report No: 2020R004 2020R004 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

1 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall

Heritage Assessment

Client Mr M Moth Report Number 2020R004 Date 31/01/2020 Report author(s) Peter Dudley Approved by Dr Andy Jones Project number 146995

The project’s documentary, digital, photographic and drawn archive is maintained by Cornwall Archaeological Unit.

Cornwall Archaeological Unit Cornwall Council Fal Building, County Hall, Treyew Road, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3AY Tel: (01872) 323603 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cau.org.uk

2 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

The views and recommendations expressed in this report are those of Cornwall Archaeological Unit and are presented in good faith on the basis of professional judgement and on information currently available.

Freedom of Information Act As Cornwall Council is a public authority it is subject to the terms of the Freedom of Information Act 2000, which came into effect from 1st January 2005.

Cornwall Archaeological Unit is a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists

3 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

1 Introduction This report has been commissioned by Mr Moth to support planning application (PA19/09326) for a camp site at Nanturras, Goldsithney, near Marazion (centred SW 54841 30922; Fig 1).

Figure 1 Site location (outlined in red) with an inset showing the general location in Cornwall. This report is an updated version of that submitted in November 2019. The updated report incorporates the results of a geophysical survey and a revised plan for the proposed development. 1.1 Methodology 1.1.1 Policy and guidance This report takes account of various relevant aspects of national and local planning policies and guidance including:  Government guidance on conserving and enhancing the historic environment.  The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (2018) – specifically policies for ‘conserving and enhancing the historic environment’ (paragraphs 184-202).  The Cornwall Local Plan (2016) – specifically policy 24.  The Cornwall and West Devon Mining World Heritage Site Management Plan.  Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (1979).  Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act (1990).  The Hedgerow Regulations (1997). 1.1.2 Scope This assessment is focussed on heritage assets identified within the proposal area itself (hereafter referred to as the ‘site’). The assessment also identifies relevant heritage

4 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement assets within a wider 500m buffer around the site and considers potential impacts upon designated heritage assets over a wider area (hereafter referred to as the ‘study area’). 1.1.3 Aims The primary aims of this study are to assess the following:  The resource of identified heritage assets, both designated and non-designated, within the study area that are relevant to the site;  The potential for non-designated heritage assets within the site, including any demonstrably of equivalent significance to designated assets;  The significance of the identified and potential heritage assets and resource within the site;  The impacts of the proposal upon the significance of heritage assets and the settings of designated heritage assets within the study area;  Appropriate measures for mitigating impacts upon the heritage assets and resource within the study area. 1.1.4 Desk–based assessment This study was undertaken in accordance with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist’s (CIfA) guidance on undertaking desk-based assessment (CIfA 2017). Significance In determining the significance of heritage assets CAU have followed guidance issued by Historic England in 2008. The following criteria have been used to measure significance:  Evidential – ‘the potential of a place to yield evidence about past human activity’;  Historical – ‘derives from the ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present’;  Aesthetic – ‘derives from the ways in which people draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from a place’;  Communal- ‘derives from the meanings of a place for the people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or memory’. Settings In evaluating aspects of the settings of heritage assets CAU have followed Historic England’s guidance on the subject (2017). Sources During the desk-based assessment historical databases and archives were consulted in order to obtain information about the history of the site and study area and the structures and features that were likely to survive. The main sources consulted were as follows:  Cornwall and Scilly Historic Environment Record (HER; via Heritage Gateway).  The National Heritage List for England (a searchable database of designated heritage assets, excluding conservation areas).  Early maps, records, and photographs (see Section 6.1).  Published histories and webpages (see Sections 6.2 and 6.3). 1.1.5 Walkover survey A site visit was undertaken on Tuesday 2nd July in bright sunny weather.

5 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

1.1.6 Geophysical survey The magnetometer (gradiometer) survey was undertaken on Tuesday 7th January 2020 in windy and overcast conditions. Because of vegetation conditions the edges of the field could not be surveyed, and the survey covered approximately 0.9 hectare. 1.1.7 Heritage Impact Assessment The statement includes a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) which summarises the proposals, presents the baseline evidence for the historic environment, assesses likely impacts on significance, and identifies any harm and, where necessary, suggests a mitigation strategy. 2 Heritage resource This section presents a summary of the historical development of the study area, provides detail of designated and non-designated heritage assets that have been identified, identifies potential heritage assets that may lie within the site, and reports on previous archaeological work in the study area. 2.1 Designated heritage assets There are no designated monuments within the site. Within the wider study area are 33 Listed Buildings (summarised in Appendix 7.2; see Fig 2), mainly concentrated in the St Hilary Churchtown and Goldsithney Conservation Areas.

Figure 2 Designated heritage assets within a 500m radius buffer of the site (outlined in red) displaying Listed Buildings (yellow), Scheduled Monuments (red) and Conservation Areas (light blue). The inset shows the concentration of Listed Buildings and Scheduled Monuments in St Hillary Churchtown and in particular, the churchyard. A majority (26) of the Listed Buildings are contained within the St Hilary Churchtown Conservation Area, mostly within the churchyard. This includes the Grade-I Listed

6 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement church (NHLE 1310334) and a high number of Grade-II Listed chest tombs and headstones in the cemetery as well as medieval crosses and an early medieval inscribed stone. In the churchyard, the early medieval inscribed stone is also a Scheduled Monument (NHLE 1018498) as are two wayside crosses (NHLE 1018206). Several of the dwellings in the churchtown are Grade-II Listed including the Old Vicarage (NHLE 1161262), Church House (NHLE 1310170), Barlenoweth Cottages (and front garden walls; NHLE 1327571) and The Jolly Tinners (NHLE 1143754). In the Goldsithney Conservation Area, there are three Grade-II Listed Buildings; Montaza House (NHLE 1143735), the Trevelyan Arms Hotel (NHLE 1143775) and the Crown Inn (NHLE 1327582). In the south eastern edge of Goldsithney is the Grade-II Listed Bede House (NHLE 1160721). On Fore Street (190m east of the Conservation Area) is the Grade-II Listed Manor Cottage (and its front wall; NHLE 1327599). At Higher Downs, are the Grade-II Listed ‘Thatched Cottage’ (NHLE 1161573) and Belvedere house (NHLE 1143744). The site and entire study area fall within the Tregonning and Gwinear Mining District (A3i) of the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site, which covers a large area north of the A394 to include Goldsithney, Halamanning, Rosudgeon, Germoe, Breage, Godolphin and Leedstown. The District is seen as a coherent cultural landscape containing mine sites, mining settlements, miners’ smallholdings, houses and estates and discovery of mineralogical specimens that date to 1700-1914 which create the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) for which the WHS was inscribed (Gamble et al 2004, 38, 91). 2.2 Non-designated heritage assets Within the study area there are 32 heritage assets recorded in the Cornwall and Scilly HER but this includes six monuments which are designated (see Appendix 7.3; Fig 3).

Figure 3 Non-designated heritage assets within a 500m radius buffer of the site (outlined in red).

7 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

The HER records a record of possible mine workings (MCO39888) within the site and the full description states, ‘Cornwall Consultants note a mine at this grid reference, yet no documentary evidence, data from OS maps or from aerial photographs, substantiates a mine at this point’. It is possible that the record is referring to the air shaft to the west of the site (see Figs 3, 5 and 6) although geophysical survey has identified a possible pit, perhaps a mine shaft (see Section 2.4). A majority of the assets are post-medieval in date and of local importance. These include blacksmiths’ workshops, quarries, non-conformist chapels (one demolished), a school and seven mine sites; including Owen Vean mine (MCO12362) located near the site. The settlements of Goldsithney and St Hilary are recorded in the medieval period as are Nanturras, Trevabyn and Barlowenath. Goldsithney developed as a medieval fair and settlement (MCO14550) and includes a possible cemetery adjoining the site of St James’ chapel (MCO9950; MCO27105), and additional chapel of St Petry (MCO9949) – all the chapel sites have been demolished and the evidence is based on documentary sources. A Roman milestone was discovered as being built into the 14th century foundations of St Hilary church and is now on display – the milestone is effectively Grade –I Listed as part of the church fabric (MCO27170). At Perran Downs, a field-name recorded on the c1843 Tithe Survey of Perranuthnoe has been suggested as referring to a potential site of a Bronze Age barrow (MCO3304). 2.3 Historical summary The site lies within an extensive area of Anciently Enclosed Land (AEL); that is land identified by Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) as being enclosed in the medieval period (at least) (Cornwall County Council 1996). The predominant characteristics of AEL are sinuous field boundaries with farming as the predominant historic land-use. The 2011 HLC Revisions for west Cornwall extended the area of AEL and sharpened the extent of Recently Enclosed Land (REL) or land enclosed in the post-medieval period. Perran Downs, for example, to the east of the site and within the study area is a large area of early modern small holdings, characterised by small square fields, straight boundaries and a settlement pattern of dispersed small cottages. The available evidence corroborates that the site forms part of a long-settled landscape: An archaeological watching brief undertaken on a pipeline cut through the site recorded Mesolithic and Neolithic/Bronze Age flint finds in the fields to the south and north, with Early Iron Age, medieval and post-medieval pottery also found in the latter (Lawson-Jones 2001). Place-name evidence further supports this time-depth: Trevabyn is a Cornish place- name first recorded in the 13th century but contains a tre- place-name element which is considered to be of early medieval in date (Padel 1985). St Hilary is considered to be an early Christian site, based upon the shape of its churchyard and the presence of an early Christian inscribed stone (Preston-Jones 1994). Goldsithney developed in the medieval period. The place-name is Cornish and contains the element gol ‘feast, fair’ and the Cornish saint’s name of Sithney. The parish boundary between the ecclesiastical parishes of St Hilary and Perranuthnoe forms the southern and eastern edge of the site. The archaeological watching brief undertaken on the pipeline showed the parish boundary to be a substantial Cornish hedge with a large flanking ditch on the Perranuthnoe side (Boundary 9, Lawson-Jones 2001). It is possible that in the medieval period this was a more marginal part of the farming landscape, perhaps an area of damp meadow or valley rough ground.

8 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

In the post-medieval period, mining activity in the area increased. To the west of the site, on the northern side of Goldsithney, was the site of Owen Vean mine, an 18th century copper mine (MCO12362). The mine was worked in the 19th century in conjunction with Hampton Mine and Wheal Park. Isolated air shafts and corresponding small spoil heaps are recorded on historic maps, including one immediately to the west of the site (see Fig 4). There was a corresponding rise in population and large areas of former common land were enclosed by small holdings (as at Perran Downs). The c1840 Tithe Survey for St Hilary is the first detailed map of the area. It recorded the site as four parcels of land; three main fields and a smaller enclosure near Nanturras (Fig 4) – Tithe Apportionment (TA) 165-168 inclusive, all part of the Glebe (church grounds), owned and occupied by Reverend Thomas Pascoe. The names of the three main fields describe the area as low-lying and pasture rich - Well Meadow (TA 165), Middle Moor (TA 166) and Higher Moor (TA 167). The Moor field –names show that the fields were once low-lying rough ground or perhaps, tin bearing ground (Dudley et al 2011). While the state of cultivation for all fields is recorded as ‘Arable’ they are only likely to have been occasionally cultivated. In Cornwall the convertible husbandry rotation system had a long ley period, typically between three to seven years. Bordering the fields, the map records the small enclosure and the narrow lane leading from Nanturras up to St Hilary as TA 168, ‘Lane and Watering Place’ again owned and occupied by Reverend Thomas Pascoe.

Figure 4 The c1840 Tithe for St Hilary with the application site outlined in red. Note there is a slight spatial discrepancy. The edge of the older map marks the parish boundary (7). The modern map has been added to provide further context. The c1877 Ordnance Survey map (Fig 5) shows a similar layout to the landscape recorded in c1840 but with an additional layer of character in the form of trees planted on the boundaries. These may have been planted by c1840 but the Tithe map for the St Hilary did not record trees. The tree-rich character of the field boundaries extends for

9 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement much of the area surrounding St Hilary, mirroring the extent of the glebe land (church land) suggesting that the incumbent vicar consciously encouraged tree-planting to develop an idealised ornamental appearance to the landscape. (This is corroborated by the mature trees recorded by fieldwork, see Section 2.4 below.) At the centre of each field a tree had also been planted. The small enclosure against the road at Nanturras had been subdivided, perhaps to better define the watering place.

Figure 5 The c1877 OS map with the application site outlined in red. Note the tree-rich field boundaries recorded by the map. The 1908 OS map shows the landscape with broadly the same detail but does not depict the trees (Fig 6) – this later map did not have the level of detail as its predecessor. In the southern corner of the site there appears to have been some digging of small (presumably shallow) ponds to further develop a place to water livestock (circled).

10 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

Figure 6 The 1908 OS map with the application site outlined in red. The parish boundary is shown as a dotted line and the potential shallow ponds circled. A similar arrangement of field boundaries is again recorded on an RAF aerial photograph taken in 1946 and shows, that by this time, the late 19th century planting scheme had matured but the trees planted centrally within each field removed (Fig 7).

Figure 7 1946 Aerial photograph of the site

11 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

In the late 1990s a sewage transfer pipeline was cut through the site. An archaeological assessment undertaken on the route incorporated the results of a geophysical survey (Jones 1999). This revealed a linear feature within the site which upon excavation, was identified as a stone-filled mechanically-cut land drain to help improve this low-lying waterlogged field (Lawson-Jones 2001). The internal boundaries to the main fields were removed at some point in the late 1990s: they are visible on the 1996 1:10,000 map but by the year 2000, they were gone (Cornwall Council aerial photograph). In 2005, the main fields had been subdivided by post and rail fencing to form four enclosures of roughly equal size, presumably for grazing horses. 2.4 Description of the site (including the results of the geophysical survey) Heritage assets within the site are described with their gazetteer (Appendix 7.1) number in bold (x) (see Fig 8). A summary of the anomalies identified by geophysical survey is presented in Appendix 7.4 and in Figure 9. The site is an attractive narrow linear parcel of relatively level farmland located in the valley bottom between St Hilary Churchtown and Goldsithney. Its eastern end is defined by a Cornish hedge (1) against the B3280 as it passes from Goldsithney towards Relubbus and Leedstown. Here, you enter the site through a gateway flanked either side by short, square-section granite gate posts (2). This leads to the smaller enclosure (once the watering place), which has traces of a modern hard standing and an area of dumped material and a break in slope, perhaps associated with the removal of an earlier field boundary recorded on historic OS maps (see Figs 5 and 6). The enclosure is shaded by trees growing from the field boundaries. The hardstanding leads down towards the fields, via a widened opening through another Cornish hedge (3). To the north is the narrow lane (4) that leads up to St Hilary churchtown recorded on historic OS maps but now unused. Through a modern gateway the site opens up to farmland. Within the eastern section of the site geophysical survey has identified a large weak anomaly which may be indicative of made-ground or geological variation (Anomaly Group 11). A similar but smaller anomaly further to the east has been interpreted as possible made-ground or a natural, geological variation (Anomaly Group 10). The tree-rich character of the field boundaries (5, 6, 7) defining the site is striking part of its character. The trees are mature, predominantly sycamore but with the occasional ash, beech, elm (presumably Cornish elm) and on the northern boundary, sweet chestnut. Perhaps the most eye-catching of the trees are the tall large-leaved limes which mark the traces of the former field boundaries (8, 9) recorded on historic maps (up until the late 20th century). Field boundary 8 survives as a low spread earthwork. Geophysical survey has revealed that these historic boundaries survive below-ground as buried archaeology; having identified linear anomalies with banks flanked by ditches (Anomaly Group 1). Possible tree-throws have been recorded by geophysical survey (Anomaly Group 9); perhaps the site of trees planted as part of the late 19th century scheme but not recorded on historic OS mapping. The HER contains a record of possible mine workings (MCO39888) within the site and geophysical survey has identified a possible pit or sunken feature approximately 6m across, perhaps a mine shaft (Anomaly Group 7; 11). It could also be a possible pit or a Bronze Age roundhouse. Geophysical survey also identified a smaller pit which may also be associated with mining activity or be a tree throw (Anomaly Group 8; 12).

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On the northern boundary, where the narrow lane (4) kinks, is the trace of a recently widened historic gateway with a surviving granite gate post (10). The field boundaries are Cornish hedges (stone-faced earth banks) typically standing between 1.2 and 1.5m high, coursed with vertically-set square blocks of stone rubble (probably a warm-coloured elvan) except for 1, which is a modern realignment of the road. Some of the boundaries have partially collapsed for short stretches in particular, 7 which defines the edge of the parish. The remnants of post and rail fences, and electric fencing indicate the subdivisions shown on the 2005 aerial photograph of the area and magnetic debris of these fence lines was identified by geophysical survey (Anomaly Group 2). A small modern shelter has been built against the southern boundary. No trace of the small ponds shown on the 1908 OS map was identified by fieldwork, but the area was overgrown. The geophysical survey of the site identified the pipeline as a strong linear anomaly (Anomaly Group 3) and has identified a series of weak linear responses (Anomaly Groups 4, 5 and 6; 13). These have been interpreted as being land drains (and an associated ditch), as with those recorded in the archaeological watching brief along the pipeline corridor (Lawson-Jones 2001).

Figure 8 The heritage assets identified within the site (shown with gazetteer number and monument type). Views and broader setting The tree cover does much to screen views into and out of the site and with the full leaf of summer the site feels secluded and enclosed. There is an increased permeability of views to Goldsithney at the western end of the site but due to the topography these are limited to as far as the north eastern edge of the village, with no view possible (at head height) to the Goldsithney Conservation Area. Likewise, the natural topography and

13 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement tree-rich character of the field boundaries limits the views from the site to north, towards St Hilary Churchtown Conservation Area. While the valley opens up slightly towards Trevabyn, the natural topography does much to seclude the site. Looking back to the site from various locations, at ground level, there is practically no view of the site from Tregurtha Downs, from the Plain-an-Gwarry and from the A394, except to the top of the mature trees. The site, however, forms part the broader landscape setting of St Hilary and Goldsithney and is eye-catching for its tree-rich character, as an extension of the historic planting scheme on the former glebe land surrounding St Hilary churchtown.

Figure 9 The geophysical survey for the site (showing the Anomaly Groups).

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3 Statement of Significance The site is an attractive and sheltered parcel of Anciently Enclosed Land that is defined by tree-rich Cornish hedges enclosing low-lying pasture. The trees are part of a late 19th century planting scheme on the glebe land surrounding St Hilary, which still forms a distinctive part of the local landscape. The trees are large, upright and mature providing an additional layer of perceivable wealth and ornamental character to the enclosed land. On the site there is a mix of species typical of ornamental landscapes planted in the 19th century – sycamore, lime, beech and sweet chestnut. The grandeur of the surviving large lime trees is eye-catching and significant as they fossilise the line of historic field boundaries removed in the late 20th century. The site forms a valuable part of the broader landscape setting of the St Hilary Churchtown Conservation Area and the historic settlement of Goldsithney. It also forms an important part of the wider landscape setting of the nearby mine shafts and spoil heaps that are part of the Outstanding Universal Value of the Gwinear and Tregonning Mining Districts of the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site. Geophysical survey has identified several anomalies, which suggest that there is archaeological potential. It is possible that the features could provide further evidential value to the interpretation of the site’s history, which could also inform our understanding of the broader area and if the large pit-type feature identified by geophysical survey is a Bronze Age roundhouse, the later prehistory of Cornwall. 4 Heritage Impact Assessment The HIA is based upon the drawing 18189-SK-00-03 Rev E (Fig 10). Appendices 7.1-7.3 present a summary of the impact assessment for each identified heritage asset in the site and within the study area.

Figure 10 The proposed development.

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4.1 Summary of proposals The proposed scheme is to develop a campsite of 30 pitches; 14 measuring 6m x 6m and a further 16 (4m x 4m) pitches. A single-storey WC block will be built in the middle of the site and much of the western side (within the surface flooding zone) left as communal grassed areas. The scheme has been designed to minimise ground disturbance. It is proposed that the entrance to the site will be widened and a small shop and café will be built immediately inside the enclosing field boundary. Close-by, a car park will be developed for 30 parking spaces and leading from this, will be a 1.5m wide access path will pass through the centre of the site. The access path and pitches will not involve ground disturbance. The existing Cornish hedges on the site will be retained. To reduce the limited impact of the development further, if practicable, the granite gate posts forming the gateway 2 will be retained and reused in the new entrance way. 4.2 Summary of potential impacts 4.2.1 Physical (direct) impacts The development will require improved access from the B3280 and the Cornish hedge 1 will be cut back and gateway 2 widened. In the construction phase, this will require ground disturbance and the removal of the granite gate posts. Cornish hedge 1 is likely to be a 20th century rebuild associated with the widening of the road. Access through of Cornish hedge 3 will utilise an existing gateway resulting in no harm to this heritage asset. The surviving earthwork of field boundary 8 has the new access path pass over it, but this is likely to have a negligible effect to this spread bank. The northernmost lime tree of earthwork/field boundary 8 will be removed, impacting upon on the 19th century planting scheme, however, the tree has been assessed as having an exceptionally decayed stem base and is a safety hazard (Treewise 2019, T817). Geophysical survey has identified a number of anomalies that could be buried archaeological features including a possible mine shaft, pit or roundhouse (11). If it is a Bronze Age roundhouse, this is an archaeological feature of high significance. However, the access path and the pitches will not require ground disturbance resulting in a negligible effect upon this feature. Likewise, the site of the possible tree-throw or pit 12 will not be subject to ground disturbance. The land drains 13 which are of low archaeological importance could be revealed by the construction of the toilet block. The large area of potential made ground (Anomaly 11) will be disturbed by the construction of the car park. The campsite café/shop) will require ground disturbance but the area between Cornish hedges 1 and 3 is likely to have been subject to some ground disturbance in the recent past. 4.2.2 Visual and other non-physical impacts In the study area, the proposed development will not change how the designated and non-designated heritage assets are experienced by the public or diminish their significance and heritage values. The proposed development will have a negligible effect on the St Hilary Conservation Area and the concentration of Listed Buildings in the church town. This existing site already has intermittent and limited visibility with St Hilary church and its surrounding historic buildings due to the topography of the area and screening by the Cornish hedges and the late 19th century planting scheme.

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Likewise, there will be a negligible long-term effect on the Goldsithney Conservation Area and the concentration of Grade-II Listed buildings within the village. It is likely that the site is most visible from the Grade-II Listed Manor Cottage (and its front wall; NHLE 132759 but outside the Conservation area) but the development will have a negligible effect upon the significance of this designated heritage asset, its heritage values and how they are experienced. The proposed development will have no effect on the Outstanding Universal Value and significance of the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site. 5 Potential mitigation options This section offers options to reduce or mitigate adverse impacts on the archaeological resource expected to result from the proposed development. These options are provided for guidance and the actual requirements for archaeological recording will be set by the Local Planning Authority. 5.1 Mitigation by record 5.1.1 Watching brief (continuous or intermittent) Due to the potential archaeological features identified by the geophysical survey, the concentration of prehistoric and later artefacts found in the neighbouring fields during the watching brief on the pipeline which cut across the site, it is possible that the LPA could require archaeological recording in areas of ground disturbance as a condition if approval is granted. A watching brief involves the archaeological monitoring of groundworks as they proceed. If required, time will need to be allowed for an archaeologist to carry out excavation, recording (at an appropriate level which may include description, photography, or drawing in plan or section), the recovery of any artefacts or samples, and the identification of any further investigation needed. 6 References 6.1 Primary sources (in chronological order) Tithe Map and Apportionment, c1840. Parish of Perranuthnoe Tithe Map and Apportionment, c1840. Parish of St Hilary Ordnance Survey, c1877. 25 Inch Map First Edition Ordnance Survey, 1908. 25 Inch Map Second Edition Royal Air Force, 1946. Vertical monochrome aerial photograph (A20 3315) Ordnance Survey, 1996. 1:10,000 map Cornwall Council, 2000. Vertical colour aerial photograph Cornwall Council, 2005. Vertical colour aerial photograph Ordnance Survey, 2019. MasterMap Topography 6.2 Publications CIfA, 2017. Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment, CIfA, Reading. Cornwall County Council, 1996. Cornwall landscape assessment 1994. A report prepared by Landscape Design Associates and Cornwall Archaeological Unit. Dudley, P, Herring, P, Kirkham, G, Straker, V and Padel, O, 2011. Goon, Hal, Cliff and Croft: The Archaeology and Landscape History of West Cornwall's Rough

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Ground. Truro (Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall County Council and English Heritage) Dudley, P, 2019. Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall: Heritage Assessment, Version One. Truro (Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall Council) Gamble, B, et al, 2004. Cornwall and the West Devon Mining Landscape: Nomination for inclusion on the World Heritage List, Truro: Cornwall County Council Herring, P, 1998. Cornwall’s Historic Landscape: presenting a method of historic landscape character assessment. Truro (Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall County Council and English Heritage) Historic England, 2008. Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance. Swindon: Historic England Historic England, 2017. The Setting of Heritage Assets. Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (Second Edition) Landscape Use Consultants and Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site, 2017. Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site – Supplementary Planning Document. Lawson-Jones, A, 2001. Perranuthnoe to St Hilary pipeline – archaeological watching brief, Truro (Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall County Council) Jones, A, 1999. An Archaeological Assessment of the Perranuthnoe to St Hilary SWW Sewage Transfer Pipeline, Truro (Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall County Council) Preston-Jones, A, 1994. Decoding Cornish Churchyards. Cornish Archaeol, 33, 71-96 Ravenhill, W L D & Padel, O J, 1991. Joel Gascoyne's Map of the County of Cornwall (Facsimile reproduced by Devon and Cornwall Record Society Vol. 34) Ravenhill, W L D, 1972. John Norden's Manuscript Maps of Cornwall and its Nine Hundreds (Facsimile reproduced by University of Exeter) Bampton, J, 2020. Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, St Hilary, Cornwall: Results of a geophysical survey. South West Archaeology Treewise, 2019. Tree Protection Plan – Arboricultural Implications Assessment of the proposed development at Nanturras, Goldsithney 6.3 Websites http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway/ Online database of Sites and Monuments Records, and Listed Buildings

7 Appendices: Heritage Impact Assessment 7.1 Heritage assets identified within the site Gazetteer Monument Form Summary Significance Direct impact Impact on num. Type setting 1 Cornish Extant Coursed Contributes to Minor. Will be Minor, as a Hedge stone-faced local historic cut to widen majority of earth bank, character and entrance. the boundary probably readability of its will be modern in landscape retained. date, built with history. the realignment of the road.

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Gazetteer Monument Form Summary Significance Direct impact Impact on num. Type setting

2 Gateway Extant A pair of Contributes to Major. The None as the short, square- local historic granite gate gateposts will section character and posts will be be retained in granite gate readability of its removed. the widened posts. landscape gateway. history.

3, 5, 6 Cornish Extant Coursed Potentially Negligible. The No effect. Hedge stone-faced considered existing The Cornish earth bank, important under gateway in hedges will faced with the Hedgerow Cornish hedge be retained. square stone Regulations 3 will form the rubble, 1997. It basis of a new probably contributes to access route elvan forms the local between the the northern historic proposed café edge of the character and and car park. enclosed readability of trackway the area’s leading down landscape from St Hilary history, in churchtown. particular the Recorded on late 19th the c1840 century Tithe map. planting scheme of the glebe lands surrounding St Hilary church.

4 Lane, Cornish Extant Coursed Considered None. No effect. Hedge stone-faced important under earth bank, the Hedgerow faced with Regulations square stone 1997. It rubble, contributes to probably the local elvan forms historic the northern character and edge of the readability of enclosed the area’s trackway landscape leading down history, in from St Hilary particular the churchtown. late 19th Recorded on century the c1840 planting Tithe map. scheme of the glebe lands surrounding St Hilary church.

19 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

Gazetteer Monument Form Summary Significance Direct impact Impact on num. Type setting 7 Cornish Extant Coursed Considered None No effect. Hedge, stone-faced important under Parish earth bank, the Hedgerow Boundary faced with Regulations square stone 1997. It rubble, contributes to probably the local elvan. Parish historic boundary, character and probably readability of medieval in the area’s date. landscape Recorded on history, in the c1840 particular the Tithe map. late 19th century planting scheme of the glebe lands surrounding St Hilary church and the earlier history of the parish.

8 Earthwork, Extant Two large, Contributes to Negligible in None on the lime trees mature lime the local terms of setting of the trees historic ground earthwork but associated character and disturbance the removal with a former readability of but major in of the lime historic field the area’s the removal of tree will boundary landscape the lime tree. reduce the removed in history, in visual effect the late 20th particular the of the 19th century but late 19th century surviving as a century planting low planting scheme. earthwork. scheme of the However, its The field glebe lands removal is boundary has surrounding St unavoidable been Hilary church. due to the identified as decay of its Anomaly stem base. Group 2 by geophysical survey of the site.

9 Field Site of/ Extant The site of an Contributes to Negligible, as None, the boundary, historic field the local the trees will trees will be lime trees boundary historic be retained, retained in recorded on character and and the access the proposed historic OS readability of path will not development. maps and the area’s involve ground identified as landscape disturbance. Anomaly history, in Group 2 by particular the geophysical late 19th survey of the century site. Three planting large mature scheme of the lime trees glebe lands associated surrounding St with a former Hilary church.

20 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

Gazetteer Monument Form Summary Significance Direct impact Impact on num. Type setting historic field boundary removed in the late 20th century.

10 Gateway Extant Gateway Contributes to None. No effect. widened in the local the modern historic period but character and with a the readability remaining of the area’s granite gate landscape post. history. 11 Pit?, Mine Potential A 6m If an No effect, No effect. shaft?, buried diameter archaeological there will be no Roundhouse? archaeological sunken feature it ground feature feature has contributes to disturbance been the evidential affecting this identified by and historical potential geophysical value of the site archaeological survey in terms of the feature. (Anomaly history of the Group 7). This area and has been potentially, interpreted as depending on a possible pit the site, the or mine shaft. history of It is also Cornwall. possible that it is a Bronze Age roundhouse.

12 Pit?, Tree Potential A strong If an No effect, No effect. throw? buried circular archaeological there will be no archaeological anomaly feature it ground feature identified by contributes to disturbance geophysical the evidential affecting this survey and historical potential (Anomaly value of the site archaeological Group 8) in terms of the feature. could be the history of the traces of a area and possible pit potentially, (perhaps depending on mining) or a the site, the tree throw. history of Cornwall.

13 Land Drains Potential A range of If an No effect, No effect. buried linear weak archaeological there will be no archaeological anomalies feature(s) it ground feature have been contributes to disturbance identified by the evidential affecting this geophysical and historical archaeological survey value of the feature. (Anomaly site, and the Groups 4, 5 efforts to and 6). improve the pasture and drainage.

21 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

7.2 Designated heritage assets within the 500m study area Designation NHLE Grade Name Direct Impact Impact on setting

Listed 1143735 II MONTAZA HOUSE None. Negligible, as the site is Building AND GARDEN WALLS screened by vegetation TO FRONT and due to the topography, there is limited intervisibility from the Listed building to the site.

Listed 1143744 II BELVEDERE None. Ditto. Building BELVEDERE LANE ST HILARY

Listed 1143745 II GROUP OF 5 None. Ditto. Building HEADSTONES AT FROM 3 METRES SOUTH OF TRANSEPT OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1143746 II BLEWETT CHEST None. Ditto. Building TOMB AT APPROXIMATELY 8 METRES EAST OF SOUTH AISLE OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1143747 II MILDRUM None. Ditto. Building HEADSTONE AT APPROXIMATELY 8 METRES NORTH OF NORTH AISLE OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1143748 II CHEST TOMB AT None. Ditto. Building APPROXIMATELY 12 METRES SOUTH EAST OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1143749 II GROUP OF 3 None. Ditto. Building HEADSTONES, HUNKEN, RANSOM AND HODGE SOUTH OF PORCH OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1143750 II HARRISON TOMB AT None. Ditto. Building APPROXIMATELY 13 METRES SOUTH OF PORCH OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1143751 II INSCRIBED STONE AT None. Negligible, as the site is Building APPROXIMATELY 16 screened by vegetation METRES SOUTH OF and due to the PORCH OF CHURCH topography, there is OF SAINT HILARY limited intervisibility from the Listed building to the site.

22 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

Designation NHLE Grade Name Direct Impact Impact on setting

Listed 1143752 II GATE PIERS, GATE None. Ditto. Building AND STEPS AT EAST- NORTH-EAST OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1143753 II PROCTOR GRAVE None. Ditto. Building NEAR ENTRANCE TO NEW BURIAL GROUND EAST OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1143754 II THE JOLLY TINNERS None. Ditto. Building

Listed 1143775 II TREVELYAN ARMS None. Ditto. Building HOTEL

Listed 1160721 II BEDE HOUSE None. Ditto. Building

Listed 1161059 II CROSS 3 METRES None. Ditto. Building SOUTH OF PORCH OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1161079 II CROSS AT 4 METRES None. Ditto. Building SOUTH OF PORCH OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1161127 II CHEST TOMB AT None. Ditto. Building APPROXIMATELY 10 METRES SOUTH OF EAST END OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1161154 II 2 CODE CHEST None. Ditto. Building TOMBS AT APPROXIMATELY 12 METRES SOUTH OF SOUTH TRANSEPT

Listed 1161167 II COLLICK HEADSTONE None. Ditto. Building AT APPROXIMATELY 12 METRES EAST OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1161186 II CROSS AT None. Ditto. Building APPROXIMATELY 13 METRES SOUTH OF PORCH OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1161219 II GATE PIERS, GATE None. Negligible, as the site is Building AND STILE AT screened by vegetation APPROXIMATELY 17 and due to the METRES SOUTH OF topography, there is CHURCH OF SAINT limited intervisibility from HILARY the Listed building to the

23 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

Designation NHLE Grade Name Direct Impact Impact on setting

site.

Listed 1161233 II COLLIER CHEST None. Ditto. Building TOMB NEAR ENTRANCE TO NEW BURIAL GROUND EAST OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1161262 II THE OLD VICARAGE None. Ditto. Building

Listed 1161573 II THE THATCHED None. Ditto. Building COTTAGE

Listed 1310170 II CHURCH HOUSE None. Ditto. Building SOUTH OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1310275 II MILLET MONUMENT None. Ditto. Building SOUTH WEST OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1310334 I CHURCH OF SAINT None. Ditto. Building HILARY

Listed 1327568 II PENNEEK CHEST None. Ditto. Building TOMBS AT APPROXIMATELY 2 METRES EAST OF NORTH AISLE OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1327569 II LEMIN HEADSTONE None. Ditto. Building AT APPROXIMATELY 4 METRES NORTH OF WEST END OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1327570 II WILLIAMS None. Ditto. Building HEADSTONE AT APPROXIMATELY 10 METRES EAST OF CHURCH OF SAINT HILARY

Listed 1327571 II BARLENOWETH None. Negligible, as the site is Building COTTAGES AND screened by vegetation FRONT GARDEN and due to the WALLS topography, there is limited intervisibility from the Listed building to the site.

24 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

Designation NHLE Grade Name Direct Impact Impact on setting

Listed 1327582 II CROWN INN None. Ditto. Building

Listed 1327599 II THE MANOR None. Ditto. Building COTTAGE AND GARDEN WALLS

Scheduled 1018206 N/A TWO WAYSIDE None. Negligible, as the site is Monument CROSSES IN ST screened by vegetation HILARY'S and due to the CHURCHYARD topography, there is limited intervisibility from the Scheduled Monument to the site.

Scheduled 1018498 N/A EARLY CHRISTIAN None. Negligible, as the site is Monument MEMORIAL STONE screened by vegetation AND CROSS SLAB IN and due to the ST HILARY'S topography, there is CHURCHYARD limited intervisibility from the Scheduled Monument to the site.

Conservation N/A N/A St Hilary Churchtown None. Negligible, as the site is Area (DCO75) screened by vegetation and due to the topography, there is limited intervisibility from the Conservation Area to the site.

Conservation N/A N/A Goldsithney (DCO66) None. Negligible, as the site is Area screened by vegetation and due to the topography, there is limited intervisibility from the Conservation Area to the site.

7.3 Non-designated assets within the 500m study area MonUID Name Mon Period Description Significance Direct Impact Type Impact on setting MCO12362 OWEN VEAN MINE Post Owen Vean Part of the OUV None. No - Post Medieval Mine is a C18 of the Cornish effect Medieval mine copper and tin Mining WHS. on the mine later signific worked in ance of conjunction this with Wheal heritag Park. e asset.

25 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

MonUID Name Mon Period Description Significance Direct Impact Type Impact on setting MCO12407 PERRAN MINE Post Mine workings What survives of None. No DOWNS - Medieval scattered the workings effect Post Medieval across Perran forms part of the on the mine Downs are OUV of the signific recorded on Cornish Mining ance of historic OS WHS. this maps. The heritag area has been e asset. substantially enclosed and developed by detached dwellings.

MCO12699 WHEAL MINE Post Also referred Part of the OUV None. Ditto. TREVELYAN - Medieval to as West of the Cornish Post Medieval Trevelyan, this Mining WHS. mine mine worked in the early twentieth century with East Trevelyan as Nanturras Mine.

MCO14550 GOLDSITHNE SETTLE Medieval The settlement The historic core None. Ditto. Y - Medieval MENT and fair of of Goldsithney is settlement Goldsithney is a Conservation first recorded Area. as "Nundinis Sancti Jacobi Exta Montem" between 1227 and 1242.

MCO15868 NANTURRAS SETTLE Medieval The settlement The historic None. Ditto. - Medieval MENT of Nanturras is settlement and settlement first recorded Cornish place- as name "Nansturant" in contributes to 1400. local character and Cornish distinctiveness.

26 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

MonUID Name Mon Period Description Significance Direct Impact Type Impact on setting MCO16851 ST HILARY - SETTLE Early The settlement The historic None. No Early Medieval MENT?; Medieval and church of settlement and effect settlement, SETTLE St Hilary are Cornish place- on the Medieval MENT first name signific settlement documented in contributes to ance of 1205, as "de the local this Sancto Elarlo". character and heritag Cornish e asset. distinctiveness. St Hilary is rich in historic character with a high number of designated heritage assets; hence it has its own Conservation Area.

MCO17797 TREVABYN - SETTLE Early The settlement The historic None. Ditto. Early Medieval MENT?; Medieval of Trevabyn is settlement and settlement, SETTLE first recorded Cornish place- Medieval MENT as "Tremabun" name settlement c1204. contributes to the local character and Cornish distinctiveness.

MCO27105 GOLDSITHNE CEMETE Medieval An orchard The site forms None. Ditto. Y - Medieval RY? adjoining the part of the cemetery site of St context of James' chapel Goldsithney's in Goldsithney medieval history is known as and the development. 'graveyard'.

MCO27108 GOLDSITHNE POUND Medieval The Tithe The site of the None. Ditto. Y - Medieval Award for pound has the pound Perranuthnoe potential for records the buried field name of archaeology. 'Manor Pound' for the location. Possible site of a pound.

MCO27170 ST HILARY - MILEST Romano A Roman The milestone is None. Ditto. Romano ONE British milestone incorporated British found in 1854, within the Grade milestone built into the I Listed St Hilary foundations of Church. the chancel of St Hilary church.

27 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

MonUID Name Mon Period Description Significance Direct Impact Type Impact on setting MCO28732 TREVABYN - QUARRY Post An historic Part of the OUV None. No Post Medieval Medieval quarry of the Cornish effect quarry recorded at Mining WHS. on the Trevabyn may signific be associated ance of with mining in this the 19th heritag century. e asset.

MCO28739 NANTURRAS QUARRY Post The site of a No traces of the None. Ditto. - Post Medieval quarry quarry exist. Medieval recorded at Potentially quarry Nanturras may infilled and be associated surviving as with mining in buried the 19th archaeology. century.

MCO28744 NANTURRAS QUARRY Post The site of a No traces of the None. Ditto. - Post Medieval quarry quarry exist. Medieval recorded at Potentially quarry Nanturras may infilled and be associated surviving as with mining in buried the 19th archaeology. century.

MCO32895 GOLDSITHNE NONCO Post The site of a The chapel None. Ditto. Y - Post NFORMI Medieval late 19th contributes to Medieval ST century chapel the character of nonconformist CHAPEL rebuilt in 1984, Goldsithney. chapel retaining some of the stonework.

MCO3304 PERRAN BARRO Prehistoric The Tithe The site of a None. Ditto. DOWNS - W? Award for possible barrow, Bronze Age Perranuthnoe the site is now barrow records covered by 'burrows destroyed by mining' at Perran Downs, suggesting the site of prehistoric barrows.

MCO39677 GEARS - Post MINE Post Mine workings Part of the OUV None. Ditto. Medieval mine Medieval at Gear were of the Cornish recorded on Mining WHS. historic OS maps and survive as low earthworks on aerial photographs.

28 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

MonUID Name Mon Period Description Significance Direct Impact Type Impact on setting MCO39835 WEST MINE Post Mining Part of the OUV None. No TREVELYAN - Medieval workings at of the Cornish effect Post Medieval West Mining WHS. on the mine Trevelyan signific were recorded ance of on historic OS this maps and heritag survive as e earthworks asset. and spoil under scrubby woodland.

MCO39888 WHEAL PARK MINE Post A mine called Part of the OUV None. Ditto. - Post Medieval Wheal park of the Cornish Medieval mine has been Mining WHS. noted within the site, but there is no evidence on historic maps or aerial photographs.

MCO39909 WHEAL MINE Post A small tin Part of the OUV None. Ditto. VERRANT - Medieval mine active in of the Cornish Post Medieval the early Mining WHS. mine twentieth century.

MCO51070 NANTURRAS ENCLOS Medieval A large oblong Potentially None. Ditto. - Medieval URE enclosure, surviving as enclosure visible as a buried cropmark bank archaeology. on aerial photographs.

MCO52171 GOLDSITHNE NONCO Post A United An interesting None. Ditto. Y - Post NFORMI Medieval Methodist historic building Medieval ST chapel is which nonconformist CHAPEL; recorded at contributes to chapel, SCHOOL this location on the historic Modern school the 1st Edition character of 1:2500 1880 Goldsithney. OS Map. By Within the 1907 the OS Conservation Map shows a Area. school. Now a dwelling.

MCO52970 ST HILARY - SCHOOL Post School over A Grade-II None. Ditto. Post Medieval Medieval stables on Listed building school southern edge within the St of the circular Hilary burial ground Conservation of St Hilary's Area. Church. Rectangular plan with 4 stable

29 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

MonUID Name Mon Period Description Significance Direct Impact Type Impact on setting doorways to front of ground floor, flight of external steps to east end leading to a gabled porch at rear.

MCO5826 ST HILARY - CROSS Medieval A cross now A Grade-II None. No Medieval cross standing on Listed building effect the east side within the St on the of the path to Hilary signific the south Conservation ance of porch, formerly Area. this at Trevabyn. heritag e asset.

MCO5827 ST HILARY - CROSS Medieval A cross from A Grade-II None. Ditto. Medieval cross Trewhella now Listed building on the west within the St side of the Hilary path opposite Conservation the south Area. porch of the church.

MCO5828 ST HILARY - CROSS Medieval A cross slab A Grade-II None. Ditto. Medieval cross standing by Listed building the southern within the St entrance to the Hilary churchyard. Conservation Area.

MCO5934 TREVABYN - CROSS Medieval The former Trevabyn forms None. Ditto. Medieval cross location of a part of the cross now in historic context St Hilary of the cross. churchyard.

MCO6471 ST HILARY - CHURC Medieval St Hilary The church is a None. Ditto. Medieval H parish church. Grade I Listed church Building.

MCO7178 ST HILARY - INSCRIB Early A well A Grade-II None. Ditto. Early Medieval ED Medieval preserved Listed building inscribed STONE inscribed pillar within the St stone stone, 1.9m Hilary high, now on Conservation the east side Area. of the path to the south porch.

30 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

MonUID Name Mon Period Description Significance Direct Impact Type Impact on setting MCO9067 GOLDSITHNE BLACKS Post A smithy at The site of a None. Ditto. Y - Post MITHS Medieval Goldsithney is smithy which Medieval WORKS recorded on has been blacksmiths HOP the OS maps substantially workshop of 1876. redeveloped.

MCO9325 ST HILARY - BLACKS Post A smithy at the The site of a None. No Post Medieval MITHS Medieval east end of smithy which effect blacksmiths WORKS Turnpike now forms part on the workshop HOP Road, to the of a garden wall. signific east of St ance of Hilary village is this recorded on heritag the 1st Edition e asset. 1:2500 OS map c1876.

MCO9949 GOLDSITHNE CHAPEL Medieval The supposed The site of the None. Ditto. Y - Medieval ? site of St chapel forms chapel Petry's chapel part of the was marked context of on OS maps Goldsithney's until 1963. medieval history and development.

MCO9950 GOLDSITHNE CHAPEL Medieval The site of St The site of the None. Ditto. Y - Medieval James' chapel forms chapel Chapel, built in part of the 1400 and context of abolished in Goldsithney’s 1549. medieval history and development.

7.4 Summary table of Anomaly Groups (Based on the interpretation of gradiometer survey data) Anomaly Class and Form Archaeological Comments Group Certainty Characterisation

1 Weak- Linear Historic field Two examples of responses Indicative of a bank moderate boundary flanked by ditches. The south-eastern example had positive weak responses; c.-3nT and +6nT. The north- and western example had moderate responses; +7 to negative, +23nT and <-16nT. These anomalies equate to probable boundaries present on historic mapping between 1841 and 1977 inclusive and absent from OS mapping in 1991.

2 Moderate- Linear Modern removed Indicative of magnetic debris and shallow ground Strong fence line disturbance associated with fence lines established bipolar, in the 2000’s and that were present onsite during probable survey as demolished fences. Responses of <+/- 14nT (south-eastern example) and between -10 and +43nT (north-western example).

31 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

Anomaly Class and Form Archaeological Comments Group Certainty Characterisation

3 Very strong Linear Modern service Indicative of a modern/metallic service. Equates to bipolar, a South West Water sewage treatment pipeline laid Probable here in 1999. Responses of c.+/-100nT.

4 Weak Linear Ditch Indicative of either a cut and in-filled linear feature positive, such as a drainage ditch. Possible ditch on the probable south-west side of a relict boundary. Response strength may imply an ephemeral or shallow nature. Response of c.+2nT.

5 Weak Linear Ditch Possibly a continuation of anomaly 4. Indicative a positive, ditch-type feature. The weak and partial response possible may be obscured by other anomalies. A slight associated negative response may indicate a land- drain or geological explanation. Response of c.+2nT.

6 Weak Linear/ Ditches/drain/ Indicative of a ditches and land-drains. Response positive curvilinear track strength indicative of shallow/ephemeral features or and geological variation. May be accounted for by negative, tracks or drainage towards the west corner of the possible site; or earlier (possible early medieval) field boundaries. Response of between -2nT and +3 to +5nT.

7 Weak Ovoid Hollow, well or Indicative of a cut and in-filled feature such as a pit positive, mining c.6m across could be indicative of a sunken probable prospection featured building. Based on historical references on site to a ‘well’ and the mining landscape, may be associated with these or later land use. Response strength of +7nT.

8 Strong Ovoid Hollow, pit or Indicative of a pit or tree throw. Associated by positive, mining proximity to anomaly 7 so possibly associated with probable prospection it; Based on historical references on site to a ‘well’ and the mining landscape, may be associated with these or later land use. Response of <+29nT. 9 Weak- Ovoid Geological Examples of small positive responses indicative of strong variation, pit or pits or tree throws. The north-western example positive, tree throw (Response of <+34nT) may be associated with possible disturbance or trees close to- and within the scrub at the north-west end of the site. The south-eastern example (Response of +7nT) is more likely a geological response but could be a pit or tree- throw.

10 Weak di- Amorphous Geological Indicative of geological variation as a result of /bipolar, spread variation or either ground disturbance/made-ground or possible Made-ground responses associated with metamorphic geologies. The site lies on a boundary of sedimentary and metamorphic geologies and this localised response is more indicative of a metamorphic or igneous geology. Associated with anomaly 11. Response of -2 to +5nT.

11 Weak di- Amorphous Geological Slight raised area at the south-east end of the site /bipolar, spread variation or across what was historically the south-east of three possible Made-ground fields. This area/field was still stepped down from the road. Indicative of geological variation or made- ground. If geological, defines the change in geologies as on the BGS on the site. Associated with anomaly 10. Response of -3 to +6nT.

32 Land at Nanturras, Goldsithney, Cornwall, Updated Heritage Statement

Information Classification: CONTROLLED

Cornwall Archaeological Unit

Fal Building, County Hall, Treyew Road, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3AY

(01872) 323603 [email protected]