Pendeen Conservation Area Appraisal

DRAFT AUGUST 2009

Contents: Page

Conservation Area Map Summary of Special Interest 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Conservation Areas 2 1.2 Pendeen's Conservation Area 2 1.3 Purpose & Scope of this Character Appraisal 2 1.4 Planning Policy Framework 3 1.5 World Heritage Site Inscription 3 1.6 Consultation and Adoption 4

2.0 LOCATION & LANDSCAPE SETTING

2.1 Location 5 2.2 Landscape Setting 5

3.0 HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT

3.1 The History of Pendeen 7 3.2 Physical Development 10 Pre-Industrial 10 Industrial (1820 - 1986) 11 Post Industrial 12 3.3 c1880 OS Map 3.4 c1907 OS Map

4.0 APPRAISAL OF SPECIAL INTEREST

4.1 General Character 13 4.2 Surviving Historic Fabric 15 Pre-Industrial 15 Industrial 15 4.3 Architecture, Geology & Building Materials 18 Architectural Styles 18 Geology & Building Materials 21 4.4 Streetscape 23 4.5 Spaces, Views & Vistas 25 4.6 Character Areas 26

¾ Crescent Place/North Row/The Square 26

¾ North Row/The Square 28

¾ The Church & School Complex 30

¾ Higher Boscaswell/St John's Terrace 32

• Boscaswell United Mine 35

• St John's Terrace 37

¾ Boscaswell Terrace/Carn View Terrace 39

• The Radjel Inn/Old Chapel 29

• Boscasweel Terrace 40

• Carn View Terrace 41 Calartha Terrace/Portheras Cross 42

5.0 PRESERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT

5.1 Preservation 44 5.2 Design Guidance 45 5.3 Listed Buildings & Scheduled Ancient Monuments 46 5.4 The Protection of Other Buildings 47 5.5 Issues 48 5.5.1 Highway Related Issues 48 5.5.2 Boundary Treatment and Garden Development 50 5.5.3 Outbuildings 51 5.5.4 Retaining References to Former Uses of land and buildings 53 5.5.5 Use of Prevalent Traditional and Local Building Materials 55 5.5.6 Contribution of Trees and Other Vegetation 59 5.5.7 Wirescape and other Statutory Installations and Services 59 5.5.8 Extent of Intrusion and Damage 61 5.5.9 Archaeology 63 5.5.10 Climate Change and Historic Conservation 64 5.5.11 Boundary Alterations 64

4 3 Cornwall & Scilly Wr T Historic Environment Record

4 4

r Kennall Building, Old County Hall, 3 w 4 Ro o ters s Pe s w Station Road, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3AY 3 i 2 n

d 35 Casa- s tel: 01872 323603 fax: 01872 323811 3 ¯ 8 mia 119.2m email: [email protected] 5 4 0 Car 6 n Ros 52 53

1 Title Bojunda 4

5 l

E BO 3 ta S S C 8 AS b W u EL 3 S L RO AD 7

5 1 Pendeen 1 6 6 C A LA Penvilla 4 R T th Treweeks H B y A Conservation Area o

s P Shaft R

5 - 1 O c 9 A as n 1 D w P a e ar 1 - ll k- k Es an r ta -P a P D ck te yt Tra h A O D 1 R 0 W

TCB S

2 Western K 5 Lower E Calartha Common 128.7m Watch BE oscaswell E S 6 W 2 A E

E R 2 1 R T 1 T 1

0 Key

3 7

18 MO OR

L D Caradac 6 1 A 1 Conservation Area ND 1 A C O

L R

O 1 S 3 Boscaswell Lower Downs 133.4m E T A

1 5 L Bojewyan Lighting Towers Stennack DS

ON Listed Building

1 4 BO SC P 132.9m

A a

2 S D PORTHERRASn CROSS 3 W W d E W

L W o

3 L 3 R D Pond i r O n B a d A DW o 's D o x Borlase Park v P Club e a r Significant Historic th ( (Football Ground) Lighting u 7 P D m 5 A

e RO

) 9 a Tower 2 Gorsefield ES c IV e ST Building h a v e

n Tamerisk

Shaft 2 Pavilion 1 m

D 9 Lighting 4 6. W 13 4 k Trevarno ce c Tower ra

a er r Pendeen Water T 5 1

T Pump ha MS 5

t B Cherrywood Leat ar 1

a 1 3 C 3 Cottage 3 Axlefound 1 ace 8

well Terr Carn View P s 9 sca o Bo Trehithion Cottage B

O r

T Chy t

h 1 S h 9 m Atlanta 6 e a

h C V e 1 s W C 1

D r 1

o h h A i r

w 5 C e y l r 1 Chy Karrek 9 NB - This map cannot S l V a - a e l L a i W l The e E o l s s i L n w a w n Old Count Carn o r e E

e t 1

g H y t Bungalow f l n 3 L 2

n u li a a it Shaft 1 H t House View C L be used for the purposes d s

z n 1

o e h I y 7 h D u l u Radjel Inn 136.2m C s d r M n O e e s 136.7m a a C LB e W n t h V a (PH) of identifying whether or e Wolcum- i N Portherras Terrace S n r t An i S B yn-Tre C 5 e r 133.7m T r e i Penninnis Lethy c f a not a building is listed, 1

Higher Plantation

illa 0 View

1 1

The Boscaswell V 0 ista 1 Benoni C la V 1 House Bel Villa o as it is not a complete

North Inn t

s 1 6 1 w (PH) R 131.1m n o oh y t J d l e S w H d record. Buildings are

us lo G K C

Ho a WEL The Old i

's ng 1 -MO n n 2 R 1 a Joh Bu 3 e a St Chapel 12 t g s r 3 h 1 s a s e e r n l added or removed from e 17 y Portherras y 8 1 a 0 Shelter 7 TH n

NE s

s 1 1 E

e 5 V 8 l 2 L

dd TA the list from time to time. ) O i 1 P Qu Car Mizpah m SQUAR m E LB u 9

u Park e 8 ( 1 s

u 1 0 2 0 Walls, outhouses and h Carn View Terrace

PC 1 t M E 129.7m a

H P

T 8 141.4m other structures in the

Surgery 1 6 r 2

io 3

Community Centre n S By 5

u Raw Carn 7 curtilage of a principal

J T Chance

n 3

Bungalow J 2 e 3

de O 0

d 2 H 7

Shafts 2 n 7 5 n a

e a l Rathlin N 1 P o ' listed building are also ho S 129.0m c 4 S Menagwin 9

t 8 6 t o

n T 3

Children's Centre

a E 6 f 4 6 0 covered by listing n R 6 I

4 4 A 3 C E designation, but are not

1 1 n 2

re 1 4 a 5 Shaft g El Sub Sta shown here. Please consult

re T 1 Higher 2 Karenza the Historic Environment C Trevelmond H An Broghas U Hall R Boscaswell Playing Field C C Service if you need to resce TCB H nt P lace R O Telemachus 1 A 7

9 identify the listed status 7m D The Vicarage 8.

12 132.9m

8 Crescent Place 6 Ermelo Cross

(remains of) Jeffries Down of a building or structure. 4 Two Carn Acres House Corn-An-

1 6 Sunnyvale 1 0 Pras 28 3 . 3 Bungalows

7m B

Chy-an-Gof 2 144.9m Chy-en-meneth 1 Trewellard Villa Skylark 137.4m Originator 06 Chimney 3 P 3 e St John the Baptist n B V d i e ll e Church a n e s o Boscaswell v th y Higher Downs 129.0m w G The Meadows Date

8 D D August 2009 The Old W W 9 Manse D 2 W h at 3 P Jubilee Place Jubilee Place DW Norton Holm-Le Mead This map only shows the Golvas Cott Clifton conservation area subject to this appraisal. In some P a th 149.2m cases other conservation D (u Trewellard Common W m ) 4 areas adjoin the boundary Stone Wheal Carne (um) Path so you should check with ) m (u th the Historic Environment Pa Chy ) Service if you need to know m u ( th whether you are within a a Wisteria P

conservation area. B

3 Springs Protherras 3 1 Bungalow Tra Common 8 ck Carn Eanes © This document is Copyright. It should not be relied on or used in circumstances other than those for which it was Vounder B

3 Vean 0 25 50 100 3 originally prepared and for which Cornwall County Council k 1 c 8 ) ra was originally commissioned. Cornwall County Council T m u ( metres accepts no responsibility for this drawing to any other party

Pendeen sits on the narrow coastal plain west of the Penwith Moors and this setting between the moors and the sea informs very much informs its special character. Its setting, along with its general character and plan form derives from its past as a mined landscape and agricultural landscape with scattered farmsteads.

Despite a century or so of development along the road, and the focus given by the church and parish rooms built in the mid 19th century, the disparate nature of Pendeen is still apparent and one of the main features of its distinctive character. It is a village of contrasts. The long, tightly packed rows of workers cottages can seem out-of-place among the remnant moor lands and open fieldscape which still come right to the pavements and the backs of the small cottages; the spacious and architecturally ambitious building complex in Church Road stands cheek by jowl with the rough open grazing of Trewellard Common. Much of the built form in Pendeen is actually ‘urban’ in character, yet the place scarcely developed even into a fully-connected village.

To the casual traveller the village, strung along the main coastal road, may appear to lack cohesion, but Pendeen hides its interest among the mining ruins and the side roads, which are more than worthy of inspection and appreciation. There is a shape and structure to the village – it is rather like a ladder, with the long south-west to north-east spine of the main road crossed at right angles by the cottage rows, Church Road and other paths and tracks. The road is punctuated by a series of inward-looking clusters of buildings separated by sometimes indistinct open spaces – with long green paths leading off at every opportunity. The built-up streetscape jumps from side to side of the road, making it difficult to pin down a sense of continuity, but in many ways Pendeen only incidentally addresses this main road – many of the connections within the village, and much of the private, everyday and intimate activity and character of Pendeen, are to be found away from the main road.

The open spaces between and behind the street frontages contain the community spaces and they link together what can seem unconnected groups of buildings. The close relationship between St John’s Terrace and the church complex is only revealed from within these ‘back’ lands. The intrusiveness of recent development within these spaces also becomes clear.

These more exclusive spaces, are linked by a network of tightly enclosed back lanes, green paths and rough tracks, one of Pendeen’s most delightful features, that connect immediately with the wider, and to the south, wilder, countryside, giving Pendeen a real sense of being set in its own unique landscape. Throughout all these areas, and along many of the paths and tracks, there is a lack of clarity as to what is private and what is public – this adds a sense of ownership and security for the local community.

The network of paths and lanes allow movement and views and glimpses everywhere; back elevations scarcely exist because of this is Pendeen – almost everywhere is open to public view, if not from close- by in the lanes, then from Carn Eanes. Moreover, the apparent openness, even bleakness that is seen from the main road is illusory; Pendeen has some very good groups of trees, especially round the church and vicarage, their impact increased by the accompanying creeper-clad walls and buildings. Of even greater impact is the stand of trees at Pendeen’s very heart in and around Leat Road, where can be found one of the prettiest and most enchanting tree-lined walks and views in the whole area.

More than this, though, walking about Pendeen, there is the definite sense of localised shelter – the traditional buildings are set within and rarely rising very much higher than the old hedges and mine dumps, all heavily overgrown. Gardens are densely planted; in and amongst these lanes and cottages there is a protected, sheltered micro-climate. Pendeen’s private, local world is again very much in contrast with its public face along the rather bleak main road.

As a living place, Pendeen has maintained, and in some respects increased its role as a community focus serving a wide area. The local community is active in community work and regeneration – Pendeen is as vibrant as a community as it is interesting as a place, albeit both aspects perhaps lack a visible focus at the heart of the village.