FOURTEENTH REPORT LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. OF THE MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE TO HON. CHASE S. OSBORN, Governor of the State of CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE ANNUAL Michigan: MEETING SIR—I have the honor to submit herewith the Fourteenth HELD AT Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science for publication, in accordance with Section 14 of Act No. 44 ANN ARBOR, MARCH 27, 28 AND 29, APRIL 20, 1912. of the Public Acts of the Legislature of 1899. Respectfully, PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE RICHARD DE ZEEUW, COUNCIL Secretary. BY East Lansing, Mich, ————, 1912. RICHARD DE ZEEUW SECRETARY OFFICERS 1912-1913. President E. C. CASE, Ann Arbor. BY AUTHORITY Secretary-Treasurer, RICHARD DE ZEEUW, East Lansing. LANSING, MICHIGAN Librarian, A. G. RUTHVEN, Ann Arbor. WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., STATE PRINTERS 1912 VICE-PRESIDENTS. Agriculture, GEOGRE J. BOUYOUCOS, East Lansing, Geography and Geology, F. T. CARLTON, Albion. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Zoology, PETER OKKELBERG, Ann Arbor. Letter of Transmittal .......................................................... 1 Sanitary and Medical Science, C. A. BEHRENS, Ann Arbor. Officers for 1912-1913. ..................................................... 1 Botany, ERNST A. BESSEY, East Lansing. Papers published in this report: Economies, H. S. SMALLEY, Ann Arbor. Report of the Director of the Michigan Geological and PAST-PRESIDENTS. Biological Survey concerning the work of the year, DR. W. J. BEAL, Amherst, Mass. R. C. Allen ..................................................................... 2 Professor W. H. SHERZER, Ypsilanti. Some Considerations Concerning the Place and the BRYANT WALKER, ESQ., Detroit. Origin off Lava Reservoirs, Wm. H. Hobbs ................... 6 Professor V. M. SPAULDING, Tucson, Ariz. The Age of the Keweenawan Series, A. C. Lane.......... 6 DR. HENRY B. BAKER, Holland, Mich. Some Interesting Changes in the Optical Properties of Professor JACOB REIGHARD, Ann Arbor. Crystals with Temperature, E. H. Kraus and L. J. Professor CHAS. E. BARR, Albion. Youngs........................................................................... 6 Professor V. C. VAUGHAN, Ann Arbor. Additional Notes on the Geology off the Detroit River Professor F. C. NEWCOMBE, Ann Arbor. Area, Thomas Nattress.................................................. 6 DR. A. C. LANE, Tufts College, Mass. Notes on the Geology of the Gallina Quadrangle of Professor W. B. BARROWS, East Lansing. DR. J. B. POLLOCK, Ann Arbor. New Mexico, E. C. Case................................................ 9 Professor M. S. W. JEFFERSON, Ypsilanti. Correlation of Lake Agassiz with Glacial Lakes in DR. CHAS. E. MARSHALL, East Lansing. Great Lakes Basins, Frank Leverett............................ 10 Professor FRANK LEVERETT, Ann Arbor. The Origin of Continental Forms, II. Howard B. Baker10 DR. F. G. NOVY, Ann Arbor. Map of the Old Distributaries of the St. Clair and Professor WM. E. PRAEGER, Kalamazoo. Detroit Rivers, F. B. Taylor .......................................... 25 COUNCIL. The Council consists of the above named officers and all Resident Past-Presidents. Selections from the 14th Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science – Page 1 of 25 PROGRESS OF THE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOLOGY. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MICHIGAN. Recent Publications. One of the recent successful applications of geologic science to an economic purpose R. C. ALLEN, DIRECTOR, AND A. G. RUTHVEN, is effected in our Publication 7, Surface Geology of the CHIEF FIELD NATURALIST. Northern Peninsula of Michigan, by Prof. Frank Leverett. This work includes a map of the surface or soil Geology and Topography by R. C. Allen formations and a brief explanatory and descriptive text discussing the character and general soil value of the Members and Friends of the Michigan Academy of various classes of formations. The report is designed to Science: convey accurate and reliable information concerning the I am informed by your committee on policy that a brief land, its soil values and adaptability to agriculture, while recital of the progress of the Michigan Geological and the philosophic and purely scientific aspects of the study Biological Survey would be henceforth acceptable as an are subordinated. annual feature of the Academy of Science reports. I am The reception accorded to this work is indeed gratifying in hearty accord with the spirit of this idea and welcome and the demand has necessitated the printing of nearly the opportunity of thus keeping members of the 100,000 copies of the map, of which number 76,000 Academy in closer touch with the purposes and constitutes a private edition paid for by the Upper accomplishments of the Survey. Every member of the Peninsula Development Bureau. A similar volume and Survey is a member of the Academy, as is also, with one map dealing with the surface or soil formations of the exception, every contributor to the Survey publications in Southern Peninsula is in preparation by Prof. Leverett, recent years. The functions of both organizations are, in under co-operative agreement with the Director of the U. the main, similar, but the Academy has the wider field, S. Geological Survey. We have authorized two private embracing all of the sciences, the Survey a narrower editions of this map in advance of its appearance, and it field, limited to geologic and biologic investigations within is probable that there will be required some 75,000 the confines of the state as specifically set forth in the copies to supply the demands which are expected to be laws by which the department was created. The Survey made. will complete in 1912 the 43rd year of its continuous existence. The support which the state has given it has There has appeared recently Publication 5, by Prof. Wm. not been large, but it has nevertheless been steady and H. Hobbs, a bulletin on the glacial and post-glacial uplift not fitful, enabling the work to be carried forward from of the Michigan basin, and a resume of earthquakes in year to year with modest but definite progress. Michigan, and Publication 4, prepared under the direction of the Chief Field Naturalist, being a report Brooks has recently shown that the character of the upon the biology of the sand dune region on the south geologic investigations carried on by governmental shore of Saginaw Bay, Michigan. surveys has been trending steadily toward an overwhelming emphasis of applied geologic science. In Publications in Press. The publications in press include 1911, 98% of the publications of the U. S. Geological two volumes by Dr. Alfred C. Lane, constituting Survey were classed by Brooks under the head of Publications 6, on the Keweenaw Series of Michigan, applied geology. The work of the various state and Publication 8 on the Mineral Resources of the state, geological surveys reveals a like conspicuous trend prepared under the supervision of the Director. toward utilitarian, as distinguished from the purely Mineral Statistics. The latter volume is the first of a scientific functions of these organizations. The Michigan series which will henceforth be issued annually in Survey is not only in sympathy with this movement, but accordance with Act No. 7 of the Public Acts of 1911, is in active pursuit of the policy of bending its resources which abolished the office of the Commissioner of to distinctly and primarily useful purposes in the survey Mineral Statistics and transferred the duties formerly of the state. Investigations of purely scientific or purely devolving on this office to the Michigan Geological and educational character are not, however, neglected. It is Biological Survey. In this series of annual bulletins there certainly true that every fact of science has somewhere will be published complete statistics of the production and sometime a practical application, and it is also true and value of the various mineral products of the state, that geology in the service of industry is necessarily together with a discussion of the progress and status of none the less scientific. In many cases the results of the mineral industry for the current years and new geologic investigations have both immediate practical developments in geology having a bearing on the and purely scientific value, but too often one or the other development of the mineral industry. The statistics of of these values is obscured or subordinated by the form production are obtained directly from the producers of presentation. The purely scientific in geology appeals under co-operative arrangement with the Division of to a very limited number of people, but applied geology, Mineral Resources of the U. S. Geological Survey. properly presented, is geologic science in the service of Results are tabulated early in the year and preliminary industry, and is useful to a very considerable proportion statements issued to the press of the state and leading of the intelligent masses. technical journals. Selections from the 14th Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science – Page 2 of 25 Publications in Preparation. There is completed and NEW MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF ADVISERS AND awaiting publication, (1) the geology of Arenac county, SURVEY STAFF. by Prof. W. M. Gregory; (2) the geology of Wayne county, by Prof. W. H. Sherzer, including chapters on the The Board of Advisers comprises a limited number of the Dundee of southern Michigan, by Prof. A. W. Grabau, leading scientists of the state who are appointed from and on the vegetation of the county by Forest B. H. time to time, and who act without pay. The Director is Brown, and (3) a biological report on the amphibians and much indebted to this body for aid and advice in matters the reptiles of Michigan. affecting the interests of the Survey. Mr. Bryant Walker of Detroit, Prof. W. H. Sherzer of Ypsilanti, and Dr. There is in course of preparation (4) a report upon the Ernest Bessey of East Lansing have recently consented salt industry of Michigan by C. W. Cook, (5) a to act on the Board, the latter to fill the vacancy created palaeontological report on the Dundee-Traverse by the removal from the State of Dr. W. J. Beal. formation by Prof.